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2026 人教版英语八下单元知识清单
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识清单
一、重点单词
单词 音标 词性 中文含义
sore throat /sɔː(r) θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙痛
stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；肚子疼
toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧
flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤
allergy /ˈælədʒi/ n. 过敏
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全
extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(r)/ n. 灭火器
sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的；粗心
的
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 受苦；遭受
press /pres/ v. 压；按
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burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；着火
first aid /ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd/ n. 急救
二、词形变化
1. pain（n. 疼痛）→ painful（adj. 疼痛的）；pain（v. 使疼痛）
2. harm（n./v. 伤害）→harmful （adj. 有害的）；harmless（adj. 无害的）
3. care（v. 关心）→ careful（adj. 小心的）；careless（adj. 粗心的）
4. safe（adj. 安全的）→safety （n. 安全）；safely（adv. 安全地）
5. Ill（adj. 生病的）→illness （n. 疾病）
6. injure（v. 使受伤）→ injury（n. 伤害）；injured（adj. 受伤的）
三、重点短语
短语 中文含义 课文例句
Judy is suffering from a
suffer from 受苦；受折磨
sore throat afterpracticing
her speech.
take one's The doctor took Helen’s
给某人量体温
temperature temperature andfound she
had a fever.
Doctor: Take a seat,
take a seat 坐下
Helen. How are
youfeeling?
You should avoid eating
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
sweet things ifyou have a
toothache.
The pan of oil caught fire
catch fire 着火
when James leftit
unattended.
James’s shirt was on fire,
on fire 着火；起火
so he rolled onthe ground.
Allen used first aid
first aid 急救
knowledge to stop theoil
fire.
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短语 中文含义 课文例句
Don’t lie down when you
lie down 平躺；平卧
have a
stomachache—it makes it
即将；正要（做某事） Allen was about to get
be about to
water when he
remembered oil fires
Mark promised to take
from now on 从现在起
better care of
himself from now on.
Allen put out the pan fire
put out 扑灭（火）
with a fire
extinguisher.
stop...from 防止…… 做某事 Wearing a mask stops the
doing sth flu virus fromspreading
to others.
四、重点句型
（一）描述健康问题及原因
Sb. have/has + 健康问题. / Sb. is suffering from + 健康问题. They got it because +
原因.
例：David has a stomachache. He got it because he ate too much at a birthday party.
变式：Sb.’s + 身体部位 + hurts. It’s because + 原因.
例：Nancy’s tooth hurts. It’s because she ate too many sweet things.
（二）提供健康建议（情态动词 should/could/shouldn’t）
For + 健康问题，you should + 正确做法. / You could + 替代做法. You shouldn’t
+错误做法.
例：For a sore throat, you should drink warm water with honey. You shouldn’t talk too
much.
变式：If you have + 健康问题，you should/could + 建议.
例：If you have a fever, you could stay at home and rest.
（三）使用反身代词描述自我相关动作
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Sb. hurt themselves /cut themselves /take care of themselves when + 场景.
例：Jeff hurt himself when he fell off his bike. He should be more careful.
变式：Be careful! Don’t + 危险动作 + 反身代词.
例：Be careful with the knife! Don’t cut yourself.
（四）描述突发安全事件及应对
Suddenly, + 突发事件（e.g., sth. caught fire /sb. fell down）. Sb. did + 应对动作 to
+
目的.
例：Suddenly, the pan of oil caught fire. James turned off the stove at once to stop the
fire.
变式：When + 突发场景，sb. should + 正确应对. They shouldn’t + 错误应对.
例：When oil catches fire, you should use a fire extinguisher. You shouldn’t use water.
（五）说明过敏情况及注意事项
Sb. is allergic to + 过敏原. They should avoid + 接触过敏原. If they eat/touch
it,they will + 过敏反应.
例：Mark is allergic to peanuts. He should avoid eating food with peanuts. If he eats it, he
will feel sick.
变式：Be careful with + 过敏原 if you are allergic to it. It may cause + 反应.
例：Be careful with cats if you are allergic to them. They may cause a runny nose.（拓展）
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Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识清单（默写版）
一、重点单词
1. _______ /_______ n. 喉咙痛 → 例句：Judy has a _______ because she talked too much.
2. _______ /_______ n. 胃痛 → 例句：David got a _______ from eating too much.
3. _______ /_______ n. 发烧 → 例句：The doctor said Helen has a _______.
4. _______ /_______ n. 流 行性 感 冒 → 例句 ：It’s _______ season, so wear a
mask
outside.
5. _______ /_______ n. 过敏 → 例句：Mark has an _______ to peanuts.
6. _______ /_______ n. 急救 → 例句：The driver used _______ to help Kelly.
7. _______ /_______ adj. 疼痛的 → 例句：Helen’s throat is _______ and red.
8. _______ /_______ adj. 粗心的 → 例句：_______ people often have accidents.
9. _______ /_______ v. 避免 → 例句：You should _______ sweet things with a toothache.
10. _______ /_______ v. 燃烧 → 例句：The oil _______ and made a big fire.
二、词形变化
1. pain（n. 疼痛）→ _______（adj. 疼痛的）；_______（v. 使疼痛）
2. harm（n./v. 伤害）→_______ （adj. 有害的）；_______（adj. 无害的）
3. care（v. 关心）→ _______（adj. 小心的）；_______（adj. 粗心的）
4. safe（adj. 安全的）→_______ （n. 安全）；_______（adv. 安全地）
5. Ill（adj. 生病的）→_______ （n. 疾病）
6. injure（v. 使受伤）→ _______（n. 伤害）；_______（adj. 受伤的）
三、重点短语
1. 受苦；受折磨 → _______ from → 例句：Judy is _______ from a sore throat.
2. 给某人量体温 → take one’s _______ → 例句：The doctor _______ Helen’s _______.
3. 避 免 做 某 事 → avoid _______ sth → 例 句 ： Avoid
_______ soft drinks with a
stomachache.
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4. 着火 → catch _______ → 例句：The pan of oil _______ _______ quickly.
5. 急救 → _______ aid → 例句：Allen learned _______ _______ at school.
6. 平躺 → _______ down → 例句：Don’t _______ _______ when you have a headache.
7. 扑灭（火）→ put _______ → 例句：Use an extinguisher to _______ _______ the fire.
四、重点句型
1. _________________________________________________.
某人有某种健康问题，因为……
例：Nancy _______（牙痛）because she （吃太多甜食）.
仿写：我喉咙痛，因为我昨天感冒了。
_________________________________________________.
2. _________________________________________________.
对于某种健康问题，你应该…… 不应该……
例：For a fever, you （应该休息）and you （不应该去上学）.
仿写：对于头痛，你应该，不应该。
_________________________________________________.
3. _________________________________________________.
某人做某事时伤到了自己，应该更小心。
例：Jeff _______（伤到自己）when he fell off his bike. He （应该更小心）.
仿写：我切菜时割到了自己，应该更小心。
_________________________________________________.
4. _________________________________________________.
突然发生某事，某人做了某事来应对。
例：Suddenly, the pan _______（着火）. James （关掉炉子）to stop it.
仿写：突然，我流鼻血了，我按压鼻子来止血。
_________________________________________________.
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