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2026 人教版英语八下单元知识清单
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识清单
一、重点单词
单词 音标 词性 中文含义
sore throat /sɔː(r) θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙痛
stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；肚子疼
toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧
flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤
allergy /ˈælədʒi/ n. 过敏
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全
extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(r)/ n. 灭火器
sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的；粗心的
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 受苦；遭受
press /pres/ v. 压；按
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burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；着火
firstaid /ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd/ n. 急救
二、词形变化
1. pain（n. 疼痛）→painful（adj. 疼痛的）；pain（v. 使疼痛）
2. harm（n./v. 伤害）→harmful（adj. 有害的）；harmless（adj. 无害的）
3. care（v. 关心）→careful（adj. 小心的）；careless（adj. 粗心的）
4. safe（adj. 安全的）→safety （n. 安全）；safely（adv. 安全地）
5. Ill（adj. 生病的）→illness （n. 疾病）
6. injure（v. 使受伤）→injury（n. 伤害）；injured（adj. 受伤的）
三、重点短语
短语 中文含义 课文例句
Judy is suffering from asore throat after
sufferfrom 受苦；受折磨
practicing her speech.
takeone's The doctortook Helen’s temperature and
给某人量体温
temperature found she hadafever.
Doctor: Takea seat, Helen. How are you
takeaseat 坐下
feeling?
You shouldavoideating sweet things if
avoiddoingsth 避免做某事
you have atoothache.
The pan ofoil caught fire when James left
catch fire 着火
it unattended.
James’s shirt was onfire, so herolled on
on fire 着火；起火
the ground.
Allen usedfirst aid knowledge tostop the
firstaid 急救
oil fire.
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短语 中文含义 课文例句
Don’tliedown when you have a
liedown 平躺；平卧
stomachache—itmakes itworse.
即将；正要（做 Allen was about to get water when he
beaboutto
某事） remembered oilfires need extinguishers.
Mark promised to takebetter care of
fromnowon 从现在起
himselffrom nowon.
Allen putout thepan firewith afire
putout 扑灭（火）
extinguisher.
stop...from 防止…… 做 Wearing amask stopsthe flu virus from
doingsth 某事 spreading to others.
四、重点句型
（一）描述健康问题及原因
Sb. have/has + 健康问题. / Sb. is suffering from + 健康问题. They got it because +
原因.
例：David has astomachache. Hegot it because he atetoo muchat abirthday party.
变式：Sb.’s+ 身体部位 +hurts. It’s because + 原因.
例：Nancy’s toothhurts. It’s becauseshe atetoo many sweet things.
（二）提供健康建议（情态动词 should/could/shouldn’t）
For+ 健康问题，you should + 正确做法. /You could + 替代做法.You shouldn’t +
错误做法.
例：For a sore throat, you should drink warm water with honey. You shouldn’t talk too
much.
变式：If you have+ 健康问题，you should/could + 建议.
例：If you havea fever,you couldstay at homeandrest.
（三）使用反身代词描述自我相关动作
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Sb.hurtthemselves /cutthemselves /take careofthemselves when + 场景.
例：Jeffhurt himselfwhen hefell offhis bike. He shouldbe morecareful.
变式：Be careful! Don’t + 危险动作 + 反身代词.
例：Be careful with theknife!Don’t cut yourself.
（四）描述突发安全事件及应对
Suddenly,+ 突发事件（e.g., sth. caughtfire/sb. felldown）.Sb.did+ 应对动作 to +
目的.
例：Suddenly,thepan of oil caught fire. James turned offthe stoveat onceto stopthefire.
变式：When + 突发场景，sb. should + 正确应对.They shouldn’t + 错误应对.
例：When oil catches fire, you should usea fire extinguisher.Youshouldn’t usewater.
（五）说明过敏情况及注意事项
Sb. is allergic to + 过敏原. They should avoid + 接触过敏原. If they eat/touch it,
they will + 过敏反应.
例：Mark is allergic to peanuts. He should avoid eating food with peanuts. If heeats it, he
will feel sick.
变式：Be careful with + 过敏原 ifyou are allergic to it.It may cause + 反应.
例：Be careful with cats ifyou are allergic tothem.They may cause a runny nose（. 拓展）
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Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识清单（默写版）
一、重点单词
1. _______/_______n. 喉咙痛 → 例句：Judy has a _______becauseshe talked too much.
2. _______/_______n. 胃痛 → 例句：David got a _______from eating toomuch.
3. _______/_______n. 发烧 → 例句：The doctorsaid Helen has a _______.
4. _______ /_______ n. 流行性感冒 → 例句：It’s _______ season, so wear a mask
outside.
5. _______/_______n. 过敏 → 例句：Mark has an_______to peanuts.
6. _______/_______n. 急救 → 例句：The driverused _______to help Kelly.
7. _______/_______adj. 疼痛的 → 例句：Helen’s throat is _______and red.
8. _______/_______adj. 粗心的 → 例句：_______people often have accidents.
9. _______/_______v. 避免 → 例句：Youshould _______sweet things with atoothache.
10. _______/_______v. 燃烧 → 例句：Theoil _______andmade abig fire.
二、词形变化
1. pain（n. 疼痛）→_______（adj. 疼痛的）；_______（v. 使疼痛）
2. harm（n./v. 伤害）→_______（adj. 有害的）；_______（adj. 无害的）
3. care（v. 关心）→_______（adj. 小心的）；_______（adj. 粗心的）
4. safe（adj. 安全的）→_______（n. 安全）；_______（adv. 安全地）
5. Ill（adj. 生病的）→_______（n. 疾病）
6. injure（v. 使受伤）→_______（n. 伤害）；_______（adj. 受伤的）
三、重点短语
1. 受苦；受折磨 →_______from → 例句：Judy is _______from asore throat.
2. 给某人量体温 →takeone’s _______→ 例句：The doctor_______Helen’s_______.
3. 避免做某事 → avoid _______ sth → 例句：Avoid _______ soft drinks with a
stomachache.
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4. 着火 →catch _______→ 例句：The pan ofoil ______________quickly.
5. 急救 →_______aid → 例句：Allen learned ______________at school.
6. 平躺 →_______down → 例句：Don’t ______________when you havea headache.
7. 扑灭（火）→put_______→ 例句：Use an extinguisherto ______________thefire.
四、重点句型
1. _________________________________________________.
某人有某种健康问题，因为……
例：Nancy _______（牙痛）because she（吃太多甜食）.
仿写：我喉咙痛，因为我昨天感冒了。
_________________________________________________.
2. _________________________________________________.
对于某种健康问题，你应该…… 不应该……
例：Fora fever, you （应该休息）and you（不应该去上学）.
仿写：对于头痛，你应该，不应该。
_________________________________________________.
3. _________________________________________________.
某人做某事时伤到了自己，应该更小心。
例：Jeff_______（伤到自己）when hefell off his bike. He（应该更小心）.
仿写：我切菜时割到了自己，应该更小心。
_________________________________________________.
4. _________________________________________________.
突然发生某事，某人做了某事来应对。
例：Suddenly, thepan _______（着火）.James （关掉炉子）to stop it.
仿写：突然，我流鼻血了，我按压鼻子来止血。
_________________________________________________.
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