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专题 22 阅读理解（推理判断题）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）
Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person's wellbeing. Researchers have found that
insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person's risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity
(being very overweight), high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting
sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship
between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the
professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection
between exercise and academic achievement.
While Gross's data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising.
As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the
average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final
exam.
Even more interesting, it was not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test.
Instead, it's the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the
morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. "When you go
to bed matters," Gross says, "If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your
performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same
seven hours. So, quantity isn't everything."
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students'
grades. The overall course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower
than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who varied their bedtime by even one
hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtimes.
Who knew getting A's just required some extra ZZZ's?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】1．Based on his original objectives, which best describes Professor Gross's research findings?
A．Accidental. B．Complete. C．Convincing. D．Doubtful.
2．Who were the people taking part in the study?
A．Middle school chemistry students. B．Volunteers from different universities.
C．Professor Gross's own students. D．University student athletes.
3．How did Professor Gross's team measure academic performance?
A．Making the students wear a special watch.
B．Using students' university entrance test results.
C．Giving the students regular after class quizzes.
D．Using the students' normal test and quiz grades.
4．Based on the study's findings, who is likely to perform best academically.
A．A person who has a good night's sleep the night before an important test.
B．A person whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.
C．A person who sleeps from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. each day.
D．A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对
学习成绩产生影响，好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and
grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.”和“Instead, the professor
hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection between exercise
and academic achievement.”可知，在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图
去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，相反的，他最初目标是想发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系，意在表明发现
睡眠与成绩之间的关系是一个意外收获，A项符合语境。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and
grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.”可知在给他化学课里的100
个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，因此参加研究的人是上
他化学课的学生，C项切题。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a
straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.”可知在分析实验数据时，他们注意到在平均睡眠时间和课程
测验、三次期中考试和期末考试成绩之间存在一个直接联系，因此作者是通过学生正常测验和考试成绩来
衡量他们的学习表现，D项切合题意。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your
performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same
seven hours.”可知，如果在晚上10点、12点或者1点上床睡觉，睡7小时，你的学习表现是一样的，但如
果在2点之后睡觉，哪怕睡了7个小时，学习表现也会下降，说明睡觉时间在晚上10点到1点之间，睡7
个小时学习表现是最好的，C项睡觉时间11 p.m. to 6 a.m.满足7小时标准，符合语境。故选C项。
【点睛】判断推理题解题时要求考生根据文章提供的事实或线索作判断和推理，推测作者未提到的事实、
某事发生的可能性或趋势、某事未来的结果等。做这类题时，关键要紧扣主题，立足已知事实或线索，捕
捉关键信息，然后推断其所隐含的深层含义。例如第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the
relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry
class.”和“Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would
show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.”instead前后所连接两个句子分别为“给他化学
课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系”和“他最初目
标是想用手环设备来发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系”意在表明转折关系，即睡眠和成绩之间的关系其实
是进行原本研究目标时不经意（偶然）之间发现的副产物。层层递进，丝丝入扣，体现出此篇阅读语料的
逻辑严谨性，考生易于失分，因此值得仔细推敲。
2.（2023·广东·高三深圳市福田中学阶段练习）
A shocking news report has revealed that more than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction,
warning that 75% of the threatened species are “geographically restricted” in their native regions.
The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development, wood harvesting and
agricultural expansion. Time is running out for the world's biodiversity. Every recent survey of plants and animals
in the wild points to this. This is happening nearly everywhere rarer maples exist. And because of climate change,
the narrow habitats that support species at the edges of dry places and at the tops of mountains are quickly
disappearing.
The trees can be found in subtropical and tropical regions, as far south as Indonesia. The only species found in
the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only are the trees a popular attractive feature in parks and public
spaces, but they are a key part of the natural ecosystem in woodlands, as well as being an important wood crop in
several countries. Although the sugar maple in North America, which produces maple juice, is not endangered, two
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】of the closest relatives to the species are endangered.
The report notes that conserving at-risk species in their natural habitat is the best conservation tactic. But
collections in botanical gardens and seed banks-called "ex situ collections" can act as insurance policies against
extinction. There are currently 14 species of maple, including four that are critically endangered, which are absent
from these types of collections.
One species in Mexico, the Acer binzayedii, is in “desperate need of conservation"”despite only being
discovered in 2017. “It is at risk from climate change in its cloud forest habitat and threatened by logging and forest
fires while it is also absent from 'ex situ collections',” the report adds. The report recommends developing
conservation plans, monitoring species currently not at risk to ensure populations are maintained, and adding those
missing maple species to seed banks.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Action to protect maple trees. B．The dangerous situation of maple trees.
C．Various maple trees' habitats in the world.D．The conditions for diversity in maple trees.
6．What do the field maple and the sugar maple have in common?
A．They cannot produce juice. B．They are found in America.
C．They are not at risk of extinction. D．They have two endangered relatives.
7．What does the underlined word “tactic” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Topic. B．Approach. C．Result. D．Conclusion.
8．What's the main purpose of the report?
A．To offer a proposal. B．To recommend a product.
C．To introduce maple species. D．To warn people of disasters.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A
【分析】本文是新闻报道。一则令人震惊的新闻报道显示，超过五分之一的枫树物种面临灭绝，并警告说，
75%的受威胁物种在其原生地受到“地理限制”。文章介绍了枫树濒临灭绝的原因和保护策略。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development,
wood harvesting and agricultural expansion. Time is running out for the world's biodiversity. Every recent survey of
plants and animals in the wild points to this. This is happening nearly everywhere rarer maples exist. And because
of climate change, the narrow habitats that support species at the edges of dry places and at the tops of mountains
are quickly disappearing.(由于城市发展、木材采伐和农业扩张，这些树木的栖息地正在急剧减少。留给世界
生物多样性的时间不多了。最近对野生动植物的每一项调查都指向这一点。这种情况几乎发生在所有稀有
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】枫树存在的地方。而且由于气候变化，在干旱地区边缘和山顶支持物种的狭窄栖息地正在迅速消失)”可知，
该段主要讲了由于城市发展，伐木和农业扩张，枫树面临生长地正在急剧减少的危险处境。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The only species found in the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only
are the trees a popular attractive feature in parks and public spaces, but they are a key part of the natural ecosystem
in woodlands, as well as being an important wood crop in several countries. Although the sugar maple in North
America, which produces maple juice, is not endangered, two of the closest relatives to the species are endangered.
(作为在英国唯一发现的树种，野枫树并没有受到威胁。这些树木不仅是公园和公共空间中受欢迎的吸引人
的特征，而且是林地自然生态系统的重要组成部分，也是一些国家的重要木材作物。虽然生产枫汁的北美
糖枫树并不濒危，但该物种的两种近亲却濒临灭绝)”可知，作为在英国发现的唯一一种野枫树，它并没有
受到威胁；生产枫汁的北美糖枫并没有濒临灭绝，两者共同之处是它们都没有灭绝的危险。故选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The report notes that conserving at-risk species in their natural habitat is the
best conservation”以及后文“But collections in botanical gardens and seed banks-called "ex situ collections" can
act as insurance policies against extinction.(但是在植物园和种子库的收藏——被称为“迁地收集”——可以
作为防止物种灭绝的保险措施)”可知，报告指出，在自然生长地保护濒危物种是最好的保护策略，但是在
植物园和被称为“迁地收集”的种子库的物种收集可以作为防止物种灭绝的保险策略。故tactic意为“策
略；方法”，与approach意思一致。A. Topic.主题；B. Approach.方法；C. Result.结果；D. Conclusion.结论。
故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The report recommends developing conservation plans, monitoring species
currently not at risk to ensure populations are maintained, and adding those missing maple species to seed banks.
(该报告建议制定保护计划，监测目前没有危险的物种以维持数量，并将那些消失的枫树物种添加到种子库
中)”可推知，该报告的主要目的是提出建议。故选A。
3.（2023·广东广州·统考三模）
In this most unusual year, the gift of giving will feel especially good. These tips can help make the season
merry and bright for everyone.
What’s Different This Year
Hot Ticket Items May Be Extra Hot: Some companies have scaled back their holiday ordering this year to trim
inventory, so popular products might sell out fast — in stores and online. So if you see a good price for an item on
your list, be sure to grab it. And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before Christmas Eve.
Online Sales Will Start Early
This year, it maybe more like Cyber Season, with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】With concerns about crowds, retailers will likely save a lot of their inventory for online sales. To avoid parking lot
chaos, try to pick up your purchases first thing in the morning or later in the evening, when wait times should be
shorter.
Outlets Are Online Too
If one of your holiday shopping traditions is a trip to the outlets, you can still experience the thrill of the
bargain hunt—from home. Shoppremiumoutlets.com is the virtual version of the country’s largest outlet company.
In someways, it’s even better than an in-person trip because you can shop by item or category and immediately see
what different retailers have in stock, rather than going store to store .
When to Shop
Not on Thanksgiving: Many stores that opened their doors on the holiday last year have announced that they
will be closed this year. One upside for shoppers is rock-bottom prices as some stores liquidate (清仓). The
downsides: They might not be around if you need to return something or use a gift card. In other words:
Bankruptcy buyers beware.
9．Which is the best time to send gifts?
A．October 30. B．December 9. C．December 15. D．December 24.
10．What can we learn about holiday shopping this year?
A．Shoppers can only buy items online.
B．Shopping on Thanksgiving is the best choice.
C．Popular products might sell out fast only in stores.
D．Shoppers may see a good price for an item right after Halloween.
11．Who will be most interested in this passage?
A．People who are money-less. B．People who like shopping at home.
C．People who are retailers. D．People who are fond of bargains.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是给购物者购买礼品的一些建议。
9．细节理解题。根据文章What’s Different This Year中的“And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before
Christmas Eve(至少在圣诞前夜的两周前把礼物寄出去。)”并根据常识可知，圣诞节前夜是12月24日，所
以选择项B的12月9日时间最为接近。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章Online Sales Will Start Early中的“This year, it maybe more like Cyber Season,
with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween. With concerns about crowds, retailers will likely
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】save a lot of their inventory for online sales. (至今年可能更像网络季，网上促销和促销活动在万圣节后马上开
始。出于对人群的担忧，零售商可能会节省大量库存用于网上销售。)”可知，万圣节过后，购物者就能看
到商品的好价钱。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章Outlets Are Online Too中的“If one of your holiday shopping traditions is a trip to
the outlets, you can still experience the thrill of the bargain hunt—from home.(如果你的假日购物习惯之一是去
商店购物，你仍然可以在家里体验到买便宜货的刺激。)”和When to Shop中的“One upside for shoppers is
rock-bottom prices as some stores liquidate (清仓).(对购物者来说，一个好处是随着一些商店清算，价格会降
到最低。)”可推断，喜欢便宜货的人将对本文感兴趣。故选D。
4.（2023·湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）
One night in March, five years ago, during happy hour at a bar in my hometown, I made a surprise
announcement to my friends: I was going to shut down my law practice and attempt to travel around the globe in a
year. What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single advance reservation of any kind. My
announcement drew mixed reactions from my friends. Some offered support and encouragement, while others were
more doubtful.
Once I’d said the words, there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get
things in order. Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling without using planes was
not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12 months I planned) made
it even tougher. Even so, travelling overland was the most awe-inspiring way to truly understand the immensity of
our wonderful planet.
I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s
southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. I would look out the windows for hours on end at the completely
unspoiled plains, as if humans had never touched it.
It took seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing, each day spent gazing out
the windows for hours as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Sometimes, I wouldn’t see a village or a human being
for 10 hours. Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand through the Panama
Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure.
It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city
on a bus with a backpack, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an
empty room was never much of a problem anywhere. It also kept me flexible and open about all my travel plans,
which is advice I give everyone who asks—plan far less than you think you should.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】12．The author’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense of giving up his job B．it hardly cost him anything
C．he did not make advance booking or travel by air D．it was a global trip
13．The author most probably returned to the United States in .
A．June 2017 B．December 2018
C．October 2017 D．February 2018
14．What’s the correct order of the places that the author travelled to?
①Moscow ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buenos
A．⑤④①⑥③② B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③② D．⑤①⑥④③②
15．What does the author think of his around-the-world tour?
A．challenging but pleasing B．dangerous but wonderful
C．boring and disappointing D．costly and painful
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在没有任何计划的前提下进行了环球旅行，结果证明毫无准备
地旅行比想象的要容易得多。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single
advance reservation of any kind.(此外，我也不会乘坐任何航班，也不会提前预订任何种类的机票)”可知，作
者旅行的特别之处是没有提前预定，也没有坐飞机。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling
without using planes was not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12
months I planned) made it even tougher.(当我在2016年10月开始我的冒险之旅时，我发现不使用飞机旅行并
不容易。试着在16个月内绕地球一周〔这比我最初计划的12个月要长一些〕让事情变得更加困难)”由此
可知，作者2016年10月出发，16个月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美国。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through
Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. (我连续乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，
从世界最南端的城市乌斯怀亚到首都布宜诺斯艾利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里)”、第四段第一句“It took
seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing (从莫斯科到北京坐了连续七天的火
车)”及第四段最后一句“Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand
through the Panama Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure. (在我后来的旅程中，
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】我用了22天的时间乘坐货轮从新西兰穿过巴拿马运河回到费城，完成了我的环球冒险)”可知，作者的旅行
路线是乌斯怀亚，布宜诺斯艾利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西兰，费城。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I found travelling without using planes was not easy.”可知，作者在2008
年12月开始他的冒险之旅时，他发现不坐飞机旅行并不容易；结合最后一段中“It turned out that travelling
with no reservations was far less difficult than had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a backpack, looking
in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an empty room was never much of a
problem anywhere.(没有计划的旅行远没有想象中那么困难，带着背包坐公交车进城，在旅游指南上寻找一
些住宿建议，然后找到一个住处在任何地方都不是什么大问题)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的，认为虽然
旅行有一定挑战性，但总体上是愉快的。故选A。
5.（2023·辽宁大连·高三高中校考阶段练习）
When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Some pull
his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are
truly wild—wild monkeys to be exact.
Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist
hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean
fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael
Nyman's Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head.
But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument.
Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the
music as I was playing it.”
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special
protected areas. Barton hopes to raise people's awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hopes to
study their behavior as they react to classical music.
“Come together and don't let the pandemic stop the wild monkeys getting good nutritious food. We need to
make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-
old Barton.
16．Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?
A．To see the wild animals just being themselves. B．To study their behavior as they react to pop music.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger.D．To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
17．What kind of music does the musician play?
A．Contemporary music. B．Classical music.
C．Country music. D．Popular music.
18．What does the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer to ?
A．Stealing his music papers. B．Eating his music papers.
C．Disturbing his performance. D．Enjoying his playing
19．What can we infer from the text?
A．Wild monkeys like to play with the musician. B．People will start to protect the wild monkeys.
C．The COVID-19 has damaged much to the world. D．Music can make the wild animals more active.
【答案】16．D 17．B 18．D 19．C
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。英国音乐家Paul Barton最近在泰国中部演出，希望能缓解新冠病毒危机带给
动物的压力，带来了很好的反响。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations
of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19)
crisis.)( Barton经常和Lopburi的动物们玩耍，Lopburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望
音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”可知，音乐家对着野生猴子演奏是为了帮助他们在新冠
肺炎疫情期间保持镇静。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves,
Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love.(当Barton演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和
Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”可知，音乐家演奏的是古典音乐。故选B。
18．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves,
Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love.(当Barton演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和
Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”以及画线词上文“I was glad and surprised to
find that they were actually”以及后文“as I was playing it”可知，让Barton高兴和惊讶的是，在他演奏音乐的
时候，猴子真地在欣赏他的演奏。画线词指的是“欣赏他的演奏”。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据第二段“Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations
of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19)
crisis.( Barton经常和Lopburi的动物们玩耍，Lopburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望
音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”以及第三段“The disease has caused problems for the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed
them.(这种疾病也给猴子带来了问题。他们挨饿。对旅游业的限制意味着更少的人来看猴子和喂它们)”可推
知，新冠肺炎疫情给世界造成严重损害。故选C。
6.（2023·吉林长春·高三校考阶段练习）
Japan's biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn't traveling at all. For the last month, a married
couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that's controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles
away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays
the daughter's face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she's really there.
“Virtual travel” is nothing new,of course.Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating the
senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It's only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available
to the non- wealthy.
Yet even as the world's middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs
of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release
much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for
alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these
trends.
Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn't plan to start selling Avatars until next
year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology
will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA's traditional travel business brought in more than
$19 billion last year.
But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical
distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA's robots may not replace its airplanes
any time soon, but they ll almost certainly be a part of travel's high-tech future.
20．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot?
A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel.
B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people's real life.
C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots.
D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter.
21．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel's appearance?
A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people.
C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines.
D．More and more people lose interest in travel.
22．What can we learn about Avatars from the last two paragraphs?
A．They will be put on the market soon.
B．They will bring ANA a lot of money,
C．They will replace ANA's airplanes soon.
D．They are almost unavoidable in travel's future.
23．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Your Next Travel May Be Virtual
B．Easy Travel in the Future
C．Virtual Travel Benefits
D．Air Travel Disappearing
【答案】20．B 21．C 22．D 23．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。日本最大的航空公司创造了Avatar机器人，可以帮助人们实现虚拟旅游，但
这家公司暂时不打算售卖这款机器人。虽然虚拟旅游还没有足够的商业价值，但未来其市场需求只会有增
无减，这家公司的机器人也一定会成为高科技旅行未来的一部分。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot…
displays the daughter's face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she's really there.”
可知一对夫妇一直在与一个被称为“Avatar”的机器人互动，这个机器人由他们数百英里外的女儿控制。它
由全日空公司生产，看起来像一个带有iPad的真空吸尘器。但这对夫妻与女儿聊天时，屏幕上显示的是女
儿的脸，她可以借助机器人的轮子来回移动，就好像她真的在那里一样。Avatar机器人帮助女儿实现了虚
拟旅游，作者举这个例子就是为了证明虚拟旅游已经开始进入现实生活。故选B项
21．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which
release much carbon. ..demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality
offers an attractive response to these trends.”可知对环境可持续性的担忧正在让排放量很高的航空公司遭受损
失。富裕社会的老龄化不仅限制了人们的身体旅行，也催生了用其他方式体验社会的需求。对于旅游业来
说，虚拟现实为这些趋势提供了一个有人的解决方案。由此推断人们担忧航空造成的空气污染可能是虚拟
旅游出现的原因。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ANA's robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they ll
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】almost certainly be a part of travel's high-tech future.”可知ANA公司的机器人可能不会很快取代飞机，但它们
几乎可以肯定地是，他们会成为高科技旅游业未来的一部分。也就是说在未来的旅行中， Avatar机器人几
乎是不可避免的。故选D项。
23．主旨大意题。本文第一段通过一对夫妻借助一家日本公司生产的Avatar机器人成功实现虚拟旅游的例
子来表明虚拟旅游已经开始进入现实，接着探讨了虚拟旅游出现的可能原因，最后指出虽然虚拟度假还没
有足够的商业价值，但未来其市场需求只会有增无减。全文都是围绕虚拟旅游来写的，所以A项（你的下
一次度假可能是虚拟的）最适合做本文的标题。故选A项。
7.（2023·河南·校联考三模）
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，
the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
24．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
25．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
26．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
27．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】24．A 25．A 26．D 27．B
【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the
nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监
Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以
判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
26．词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年
的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这
是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
8.（2023·黑龙江·高三肇州第二中学校考开学考试）
Going green seems to be fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really
say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to be green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different
things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce
our energy, we had to think of 365 different things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to
educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all green things that
could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的)
stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have
given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no
chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office
anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green
and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planets.
28．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Going Green. B．Protecting the Planet.
C．Keeping Open-Minded D．Celebrating Our Green Year.
29．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because_________.
A．they were expected to follow the green fad
B．they didn’t know how to educate other people
C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks
30．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B．They ignore others’ ungreen behavior.
C．They chose better chemical cleaners.
D．They sold their home-made food.
31．What can we infer form the last paragraph?
A．The government will give support to the green people.
B．The couple may continue their project in the future.
C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
【答案】28．A 29．D 30．A 31．B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过改变自己的生活方式，过绿色生活经历，告诉人们如何
通过自己的努力来改变我们周围的环境。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章中作者叙述的自己our green year经历和文章的第一段Going green seems to be
fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days.和最后一段进行推断，这篇文章讲的是环保的话题。“going green”一
直贯穿文章的始终，以此为标题最具概括性。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant
challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things.可知，这意味着我们要做365件不同的环保事情，也意
味着我们要挑战自己，在简单的事情之外还要做到环保。由此可知，可知过绿色的生活意味着要做365个
环保的事情，这并不容易。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据文章的第四段的第一句Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our
lifestyle.可知，在我们环保年的过程中，我们完全改变了我们的生活方式。由此可知，在Our Green Year中，
他们要改掉自己的一些不环保的习惯。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这一年的环保生活改变了夫妇二人的思想，他们为自己有机会
保护环境、教育他人心存感激，并坚信人类有力量改变事物、保护我们居住的星球。由此可推断，这对夫
妇很可能在未来将环保进行到底。特别注意关键词grateful，believe等。故选B。
9.（2023·北京·高三101中学校考阶段练习）
THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE
YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE
The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to
share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.
As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information
on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the
Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.
HERE TO HELP
Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the
information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to:
Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics
Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives
Lend you books and publications, even internationally
Give you online access: to our electronic documents
Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers
Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies
Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies
One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international
academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.
This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of
individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies.
Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic
knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to
universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.
Join our academic mailing list
University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our
future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description
of your academic status and your full contact details.
VISIT US
You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday,
9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the
study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our
collections, please fill out our visitor request form.
32．The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．give personalized guidance
B．provide resources on the Olympics
C．receive Olympic fans across the world
D．update information on Olympism for officials
33．What can be learned about the academic community?
A．It is organized by Olympic officials.
B．It launches projects at universities.
C．It promotes academic exchanges.
D．It provides electronic documents.
34．If you want to visit the center, you have to ________.
A．fill out a visitor request form B．enter the Olympic Museum
C．make an appointment D．arrive on workdays
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for
Olympic knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹
克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is
to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to
promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之
间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据VISIT US中You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland.
We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林
匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果
你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。
10.（2023·上海·高三专题练习）
Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a
point to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicised visits
to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane
Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising
funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in
poorer countries to attend school.
But in spite of these successes there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be
overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to
donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously thought. When shown a list of well-known
organisations and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity
with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way.
The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the
presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or
money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which
make a charity important to them.
In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their
main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a
particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems
to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible
explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are
the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might
actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent.
So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for
alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for
more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential.
This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really
matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
35．What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean?
A．Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
36．According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________.
A．they gain benefit from the charities
B．they are forced to finish a necessary task
C．they believe in the famous people they like
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．they are inspired by the people around them
37．The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．what celebrities achieve in doing charities
B．How young people react to celebrity culture
C．why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities
D．who is to blame for taking attention away from charities
38．What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities?
A．Objective. B．Positive.
C．Negative. D．Unclear.
【答案】35．A 36．D 37．C 38．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利与弊。
35．词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in
raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of
children in poorer countries to attend school.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精
力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“such as enabling millions of children in
poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测
tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A. Definite.确切的；B. Complicated.复杂的；C. Limited.有限的；D.
Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in
their lives and families which make a charity important to them.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中
的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。
故选D项。
37．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Only two per cent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity
endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous
people.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受
到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“One possible
explanation is that…There is also a suspicion that…Some critics have accused that…”则主要讲述了原因，所以
第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“So
taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】alternative ways to reach new audiences?... This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted
campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？
……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助
的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观
的态度来分析名人做慈善这件事。A. Objective.客观的；B. Positive.积极的；C. Negative.消极的；D.
Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。
11.（2023·重庆·高三重庆八中校考开学考试）
When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on
the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at
his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his
dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry,
taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan
said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got
bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together
— both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time
they drove the 1. 5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the
planet: running the 1. 5 miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨
眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was
particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. “And Simon said, ‘Well then we’re going to
get wet!’ He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.”
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole
Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
39．What makes Simon different from his classmates?
A．Washing his clothes by himself. B．Taking many classes after school.
C．Raising strange questions in class. D．Taking green measures to protect the environment.
40．How did Simon usually go to school in second grade?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．By car. B．By cycling. C．By running. D．By school bus.
41．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A．Simon has trouble with his eyesight. B．Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C．Simon is much tougher than expected. D．Simon didn’t get support from his father.
42．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Best Way to Go to School
B．Father and Son Run for the Environment
C．A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father
D．Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
【答案】39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位八岁的男孩 Simon Cane为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一
起跑去上学。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the
ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set
him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx.（当Simon Cane上二年级的时候，
他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上所学的内容牢记在心，在某种程度上这使他与布朗克
斯的第81公立小学的同学们区别开来。）”以及“So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their
clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.（所以，西蒙说服他的父母把衣
服挂起来晾干，不坐电梯而走楼梯，以及采取其他“绿色”措施。）”可知，当Simon Cane上二年级的时
候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，把那些课堂上所学的内容铭记于心，并且采取“绿色”措施保护
环境，这使得他跟他的同学不同。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据第二段“As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s
back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together — both because of safety concerns and because there was no
place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1. 5 miles to school. （然而，随着西蒙长大，
骑在他爸爸自行车的后座，对他来说并不现实，但一起骑车也没有意义——既是出于安全考虑，也是因为
没有地方放西蒙的自行车。所以大多数时候他们都开车1.5英里到学校。）”以及第三段“But in 2019,
when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1. 5
miles to P. S. 81. （但是在2019年，那时候8岁的西蒙上三年级，他提出了一个帮助地球的新方法:跑步1.5
英里去布朗克斯第81公立小学。）”可推知，二年级时 Simon Cane主要是坐车去上学。故选A项。
41．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】never did,’ Jonathan said. （说实话，我以为天冷了或下雨了他就会犹豫一下，但他从来没有。）”可知，
Simon Cane比预料的要坚强。故选C项。
42．主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段“When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began
learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to
heart（当西蒙·凯恩上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上学的内容牢记在
心。）”以及最后一段“Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even
inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school.”（ 从
一开始，西蒙就和他的爸爸和他们的黑狗萝拉一起跑步，甚至还激励了他的妈妈 (Nicole Sin Quee)也加入
进来。他们很快就被称为“跑去上学的家庭”。）”可知，本文主要讲述八岁的男孩 Simon Cane很重视
环保，并且为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑步去上学。故选B项。
12.（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中校考阶段练习）
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year
and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because
they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more
heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and
rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：
land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the
environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the
rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more
than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they
can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply
of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from
plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is
extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
43．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
44．What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain.
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C．People have a strong desire for resources.
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
45．It can be inferred from the text that
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
46．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How to Save Rainforests
B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment
D．Rainforests and Medical Development
【答案】43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用，它们能吸收太阳光调节地球上
的温度，减少人类得病，还能提供一些药用的植物药材为人类治病，因此，我们要保护热带雨林，不要滥
垦滥伐。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in
heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the
atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.可知，雨林对世界环境有很大影响，因为它们可以吸收太阳的热
量并调节气候。如果没有森林覆盖，这些地区会向大气中反射更多的热量，使世界其他地方变暖。所以热
带雨林可以帮助调节气候，因为它们可以减少太阳热量对地球的影响。故选D项。
44．词句猜测题。根据第三段People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we
will suffer much more than we will benefit.可知，人们显然需要从砍伐树木中获得资源，但我们所遭受的损失
将远远大于我们所得到的好处。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第三段划线的“this”指的是我们失去
的会比得到的多得多。故选A项。
45．推理判断题。根据最后段More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. It
is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests可知，
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】我们今天使用的药物有25%以上来自雨林中的植物。我们治愈疾病的最佳机会极有可能出现在世界上正在
萎缩的雨林中。所以通过关键词“More than 25％ of the medicines，It is extremely likely that our best chance
to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforest”可以判断出，热带雨林有很大的药用潜力，
故选B项。
46．主旨大意题。通读整篇内容可知，短文介绍了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用，它们能吸收太阳光
调节地球上的温度，减少人类得病，还能提供一些药用的植物药材为人类治病，因此，我们要保护热带雨
林，不要滥垦滥伐。所以根据全篇短文的内容来看主要说的是热带雨林和环境，故短文的最佳标题是“热
带雨林和环境 ”。故选C项。
13.（2023·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new
research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a
used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would
produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important
impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health
influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual
cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that
were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals
commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions.
When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at
higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time,
especially in the heat.
47．What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?
A．They contain little nicotine.
B．They produce no nicotine five days later.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．They give off nicotine for days.
D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
48．What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?
A．First-hand smoking does most harm.
B．The findings are within his expectation.
C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
49．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Puzzled.
50．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B．Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C．Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D．Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
【答案】47．C 48．D 49．B 50．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，香烟不仅在燃烧时有害，甚至在彻底熄灭后烟蒂依然会释放有害
化学物质。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out,
an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50%
five days later.( 美国食品和药物管理局的一项分析发现，虽然这些化学物质大部分在排放后的一天内被释
放出来，但五天后尼古丁的含量只下降了50%。)”可知，烟熄灭后，尼古丁的浓度在五天以后仅下降一半，
也就是说熄灭的烟蒂好几天内都会释放尼古丁。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Poppendieck所说的“While much attention has been paid to the health
influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual
cigarette end of the matter. (虽然人们已经很关注吸一手烟、二手烟以及现在的三手烟对健康的影响，但当涉
及到真正的香烟时，情况却并非如此。)”可推断，人们不像关注一手烟、二手烟和三手烟对健康的影响那
样关注烟蒂对健康的影响，即它对健康的影响被忽视了。故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they
noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. (例如，当房间的空气温度较高时，他们注意到这些
烟蒂会以更快的速度产生这些化学物质。)”可知，温度高时，烟蒂释放有害的化学物质的速度更快。再根
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】据“This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in
the heat. (这一发现可能会让那些想把烟灰缸放在外面好几天的人打消念头，尤其是在炎热的天气里。)”可
知，作者并不认同好几天不清理烟灰缸的做法。故选B。
50．主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Even when cigarette ends go out and are
cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. ”概括了主题，即研究发现吸
完的烟蒂会释放有害化学物质。所以“Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals(吸完的烟头会释放有
害的化学物质)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
14.（2023·四川成都·高三树德中学校考测试）
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme
sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.
But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high
element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he
would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a
behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young
age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were
upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re
up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in
the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the
height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy
said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were
in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are
many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many
athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try
doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what
you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to
adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,”
Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
51．By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A．extreme athletes must learn special skills
B．extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C．many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D．many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
52．What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?
A．They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B．They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C．They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D．They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
53．What main point is made in Paragraph 5?
A．Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B．Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C．Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D．A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
54．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B．those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C．extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D．taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
【答案】51．C 52．A 53．D 54．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。
51．推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite
for extreme risk in tricky conditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上
限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural
ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多
人不想做极限运动。故选C项。
52．细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】“To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that
they’ve prepared for years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备
多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。
53．主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as
“the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the
present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯
注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flow”这种特定的
精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some
may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种
流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的
技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。
15.（2023·河南·许昌高三高中校考开学考试）
Your child is unique, but what all children have in common is natural curiosity and an ability to learn they are
born with. Our brains are active all the time, and a baby’s brain is the busiest of all. Research has shown that babies
begin to understand language about twice as fast as they actually speak it. By showing children other languages at
an early age, you are giving them the opportunity to make use of their natural ability to hear and recognize between
the sounds of other languages, and their ability to make sense of what they are hearing.
Communication is something that children do to help them achieve something else, and they are unaware of
the large amount of learning taking place. They take everything in through their senses, making connections
between what they hear, see, smell, taste and touch. As long as we provide the right conditions, their learning and
development will take place in a natural way.
In your child’s early years, the emotional environment is just as important as the physical environment.
Children learn when they feel safe, happy, valued and listened to. This is central to any learning experience in a
child’s early years, including learning an additional language. Your child has a trial-and-error approach to its
development, and making mistakes is a valuable part of the learning process. When children learn an additional
language at an early age, they get the benefits of experimenting with that language as a natural part of their
development. Their progress isn’t prevented by a fear of getting it wrong, and very young children are simply
working their way towards getting it right.
The long-term benefits of learning another language go beyond being able to communicate with others.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Studies suggest that children learning an additional language tend to score better on standardized tests because
learning languages develops listening, observation, problem-solving and critical (批判性的) thinking skills. These
are skills that are of life-long benefit, both personally and professionally. Encouraging in children a love of
language at an early age prepares them well for school and for life.
55．What do we know about Children according to Paragraph 1?
A．Children are busy playing.
B．Children are born to speak.
C．Children are good at speaking native language.
D．Children have a better ability to learn other languages.
56．While learning a language, children __________.
A．speak to themselves B．need to have language classes
C．make use of their different senses D．notice how much they have learned
57．Children learn when they __________.
A．are in bad emotion B．do not make mistakes
C．learn from their mistakes D．are taught by their teachers
58．In fact learning another language helps children to _________.
A．take more tests
B．have a good time
C．encourage themselves
D．develop life-long skills
【答案】55．D 56．C 57．C 58．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了孩子具有很强的语言学习能力，在孩子小的时候就给他们学习其他
语言的机会，有利于孩子培养他们的听力、观察、解决问题和批判性思维能力，这些技能是终身受益的。
55．推理判断题。根据第一段中“By showing children other languages at an early age, you are giving them the
opportunity to make use of their natural ability to hear and recognize between the sounds of other languages, and
their ability to make sense of what they are hearing. (在孩子很小的时候就向他们展示其他语言，你就给了他们
机会去利用他们天生倾听的能力和识别其他语言声音的能力，以及理解他们所听到的东西的能力。)”可知，
孩子们学习其他语言的能力更强。故选D项。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They take everything in through their senses, making connections between
what they hear, see, smell, taste and touch. (他们通过感官吸收一切，将他们的听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触
觉联系起来。)”可知，学习语言时，孩子们会利用他们不同的感官。故选C项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】57．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Your child has a trial-and-error approach to its development, and making
mistakes is a valuable part of the learning process. (你的孩子在成长过程中有一种反复尝试的方法，犯错误是
学习过程中很有价值的一部分。)”可知，孩子们能从错误中学习。故选C项。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ Studies suggest that children learning an additional language tend to score
better on standardized tests because learning languages develops listening, observation, problem-solving and
critical (批判性的) thinking skills. These are skills that are of life-long benefit, both personally and professionally.
(研究表明，学习额外一门语言的孩子在标准化考试中更容易取得好成绩，因为学习语言可以培养他们的听
力、观察、解决问题和批判性思维能力。这些技能对个人和职业都是终身受益的。)”可知，事实上，学习
另一种语言可以帮助孩子发展终身技能。故选D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
