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专题 19 阅读理解（议论文）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）
Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more
skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an
invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of
information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more
skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about
attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But
nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”
Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more
people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles
start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is
probably lacking in profound reflection.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this
advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a
piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The
slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body
feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often
assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In
practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than
cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-
moving age, there is time for slow reading.
1．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2．Which statement would the author probably agree with?
A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.
B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.
C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.
D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.
3．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.
B．To stress swimming differs from reading.
C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.
D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.
4．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Slow Reading is Here to Stay
B．Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C．Reflections on Deep Reading
D．The Wonder of Deep Reading
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从各角度就科技对阅读的影响阐述了自己的观点并推崇慢速阅读。
1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we
acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false
alarms. ‘Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,’ The
American author Selvin wrote. ‘But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ’(我们不应该
夸大这种危险。所有读者都会略读。略读是我们在学习更熟练地阅读时获得的技能。事实证明，对注意力
持续时间下降的担忧是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin写道，‘一些评论家担心注意力持续时间，认为短篇小
说是文化衰落的标志，但从来没有人说诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据’。)”可知，作者是赞成Selvin的
观点，诗歌就是注意力持续时间短但文化丰富的深度阅读，所以对阅读注意力持续时间下降的担忧是没有
必要的。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath.
Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.(一旦
发表，在线文章就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动和有趣的，但可能缺
乏深刻的反思。)”可知，作者认为在线写作和阅读往往忽视仔细思考。故选B项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing
oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of
pool laps he's done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.(对于一个慢读者来说，只有沉浸在他
们对单词的缓慢理解中，才能完全理解一篇文章。阅读速度慢的人就像一个游泳运动员，他不再计算自己
在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动。)”可知，一个游泳运动员不再计算自
己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动，作者提到游泳运动员是为了说明慢
速阅读是什么样的。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn't
killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and
carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(在实践中，旧技术可以与新技
术共存。Kindle并没有像汽车杀死自行车一样杀死印刷书籍。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心挑选
的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间慢慢阅读。)”以及上文可知，作者就科技对阅读的影响阐
述自己的观点并认为在快速发展的时代中，我们仍然可以享受慢速阅读。所以A项Slow Reading is Here to
Stay(慢读还是存在的)符文文意。故选A项。
2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题）
It’s unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For
some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的). The wheels of our luggage
paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks and public transportation.
While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health? According
to Phyllis Kozarsky, an expert travel health consultant, most public health professionals don’t consider luggage a
major transmitter (传播者) of disease.
“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage,” Kozarsky says. Travellers may benefit from
cleaning their luggage if they suspect that their hotel rooms are overrun with bedbugs. “Then they certainly would
benefit by cleaning it after they returned home,” Kozarsky says.
Even if your luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you, you might still be disgusted. After all, travel is an
experience full of bacteria. “You have people... carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and
you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that
makes antibacterial LED lights. Your fellow travellers have to touch all the same things you have to touch, from the
TSA checkpoint to the airplane, the train ticketing machine to the handrail in your train car.
For peace of mind, Costello recommends giving your bag a quick disinfection or storing it on a luggage shelf.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Of course, you could go beyond disinfecting your luggage wheels and clean thoroughly the rest of your travel
experience — the airplane tray table, hotel room door and remote control.
But Kozarsky doesn’t guarantee that lifestyle. “It’s hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,”
Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”
5．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．To predict the conclusion. B．To present the argument.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To describe the phenomenon.
6．What does Kozarsky convey by explaining the luggage-cleaning case?
A．Luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you. B．Luggage spreads disease through your bed.
C．It’s a must to clean your luggage after travelling. D．Travellers should be careful of on-way dangers.
7．How does Costello support his opinion?
A．By giving examples. B．By stating facts.
C．By making comparisons. D．By listing figures.
8．What does Kozarsky think of Costello’s suggestion?
A．It has gone too far. B．It’s absolutely worthless.
C．It sounds somewhat reasonable. D．It’s worth taking into consideration.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。跟随主人闯荡多年的行李箱放在床上是否对人体有害？专家对此观点不一。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still
wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的).
The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks
and public transportation.(你不太可能从旅行回到家，还穿着你的街头鞋站在床上。对一些旅行者来说，把
行李箱放在床上同样令人恶心。我们的行李轮子和我们的鞋子一样，在机场的浴室、人行道和公共交通工
具上滚动着)”以及第二段“While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful
to your health?(虽然把一个世俗的袋子放在床上听起来很可怕，但它真的对你的健康有害吗？)”可推知，第
一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage(我们还没有发现与脏
行李有关的疫情)”以及第四段“Even if your luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you, you might still be
disgusted.(即使你的行李碰在床上不会伤害到你，你也可能会感到恶心)”可知，科扎斯基通过解释行李清洁
案例传达行李碰你的床不会伤害你。故选A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】7．推理判断题。根据第四段““You have people... carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are
sick, and you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a
company that makes antibacterial LED lights.(“有人……携带各种不同的细菌。他们中的一些人生病了，现在
他们在这些公共旅行场所聚集，”生产抗菌LED灯的Vital Vio公司的首席执行官科琳·科斯特洛说)”可推
知，科斯特洛通过陈述事实支持他的观点。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Kozarsky doesn’t guarantee that lifestyle. “It’s hard to keep up with every
doorhandle, every railing,” Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”(但科扎斯基并
不能保证这种生活方式。科扎尔斯基说：“很难跟上每一个门把手、每一条栏杆。那样你会变得有点神经
质。”)”可推知，科扎斯基认为科斯特洛的建议有点太过分了。故选A。
3.（安徽省池州市贵池区池州市第一中学2023年高三试题）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief — they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief.
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
9．What’s the author’s attitude towards victors’ standards for joining the genius club?
A．Positive. B．Objective.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Skeptical. D．Unclear.
10．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
11．Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A．Because of improved global communication.
B．Because of less discrimination against women.
C．Because of acceptance of victors’ concepts.
D．Because of changes in people’s social positions.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius and the Future World
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius May Belong to Different Categories
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实
上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards
for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club — women, or people
of a different color or belief — they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，
而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做
出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置
的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的，故对此持批判态度。
故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they
start to avoid activities said to be for children who are ‘really, really smart.’(更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们的
行为也遵循这一信念。在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是‘非常非常聪明’的孩子才会做的活动)”可
推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned
to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】能看到天才的出现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才？)”和最后
一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not
determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with ‘intelligence, creativity,
perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.’(我们看得越多，就越会发现，
性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些‘拥有智
慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界的人’)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们
也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知D项“天才可能属于不同的范畴”为最佳标题。故选D。
4.（2023年河南省南阳高三模拟卷）
Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home
to her office, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldn’t enroll in after school activities because she
couldn’t get home in time to take them.
Then her employer adopted a policy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it
changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dropped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. That’s
the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy
which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working:
turnover was less than five percent last year—its lowest ever.
Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been
offering them. Studies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation because
there is still value in the relationships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of flexible
work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done.
The flexibility hasn’t hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues
don’t gather at the water cooler, but it’s outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that
require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficially appears to get better. Consumers
benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and suggest that even more
and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost?
Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago college summer job
waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seems to be a
human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects
this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have become immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】television’s truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engineers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs,
the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who
work with their hands.
Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part because
it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first
have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer, that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes.
No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physical labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do
not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced from—and, at the same time, dependent on—
labourers. Lawyers, accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a
supporting infrastructure of electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide
independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hired workers.
13．The author mentions the example of Arce to show that________.
A．she dislikes the present job for the long commuting time
B．she is having trouble balancing work and school life
C．people usually don’t work hard outside office
D．employers are facing the problem of staff drain
14．The practice of flexible working time is based on the belief that________.
A．it helps to increase job satisfaction for the employees
B．it improves harmonious relationship among colleagues
C．the decline in physical work gives employees more mobility
D．employees are entitled to request it according to their work
15．What is the possible reason for the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes?
A．They entertain those employees burned out with overwork.
B．People can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.
C．There’s an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesn’t possess.
D．They offer instructive information for both employers and employees.
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Emergence of Alternative Work Arrangements
B．The Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for Labour
C．Time to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of Work
D．New Challenges for Today’s Employers and Academics
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。灵活的工作制度和技术的发展带来了便利，减少了人们的体力劳动，但体力
劳动对人们也有重大意义。
13．推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“That’s the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes
to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in
hopes of improving employee retention.(这是Arce的老板在公司评估在家工作政策是否成功时喜欢听到的反
应。该政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高员工的留任率)”可知，Arce虽然喜欢自己的工作，但由于交通问题
想要辞职，老板允许她在家工作后，她更加喜欢这个工作了，这也是老板喜闻乐见的，因为这种政策留住
了员工，由此可推测出，列举Arce的例子是为了说明雇主们面临着员工流失的问题。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job,
and employers increasingly have been offering them.(灵活的工作政策是员工求职时的首要愿望，雇主越来越
多地提供这些政策)”可知，员工求职时的首要愿望就是灵活的工作政策，由此可推测，实施灵活工作可以
帮助增加员工的工作满意度。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The
proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need.(人类似乎有一种想做体力
劳动的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀节目的激增反映了这种明显的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到欢迎反
映了人类进行体力劳动的需求。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段借用Marilu Arce的例子讲述了灵活工作政策带来的好处，第四段
结尾用问句“But is something lost?(但是有什么东西失去了吗？)”进行转折，接下来讲述了人们离不开体力
劳动的原因。由此可推测出，本文围绕灵活工作政策减少体力劳动展开，讲述了其带来的好处以及并不适
用于所有情况，C项“面对工作的演变，是时候反思了”最能反映本文主题。故选C。
5.（重庆市四区2023年高三模拟试题）
Any image taken from space confirms that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our planet
“Earth,” derived from a Germanic word meaning “the ground,” when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered
by ocean.
We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected.
Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help
protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates
our climate, and supports much of the world’s economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.
Take Florida, for example, one of the United States’ recreational hot spots. It’s bordered by the Florida Reef
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Tract, North America’s only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500
species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshine State’s economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion
annually in tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a
wave’s energy. Three-quarters of Florida’s 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract
provides more than $650 million in combined economic activity and flood protection.
A November 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Florida’s coral reefs are
experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the good,
the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more
mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. “No one can do everything, but everyone can do
something,” Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying.
The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it’s never too late to start learning.
17．What does the sea do for our human?
A．The sea changes our climate.
B．The sea controls carbon dioxide for us.
C．The sea produces all the oxygen we need.
D．The sea provides economical benefits for us.
18．What does the writer suggest?
A．Travelling more, learning more.
B．Running our business creatively.
C．Raising awareness of conservation.
D．Doing some voting before actions.
19．Where is the passage probably from?
A．A scientific fiction. B．A news report.
C．A travel journal. D．A natural magazine.
20．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．To Hug the Ocean Tightly.
B．To Learn the Ocean Devotedly.
C．To Clean the Ocean Carefully.
D．To Love the Ocean Permanently.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是议论文。地球表面的70%以上都被海洋覆盖。作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide,
regulates our climate, and supports much of the world’s economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.(海洋为我
们提供了一半以上的氧气，吸收二氧化碳，调节气候，并支撑着世界大部分经济。比起它需要我们，我们
更需要它。)”可知，海洋为我们提供经济效益。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the
good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more
mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting.( 直接面对这些问题就是我所说的看海的意思
——好的，坏的，重要的。知识就是力量，我们可以用它来指导我们的选择，从更谨慎地旅行，到检查我
们如何经营我们的企业，再到投票。)”可知，作者建议我们面对所有的问题，用知识指导选择，谨慎旅游，
核查企业经营模式等，综上可推断，要提高环保意识。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the
ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的)
ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有
不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护
我们的健康和福祉。)”以及全文内容可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解海洋，保护海洋。因此推断
文章可能选择自然杂志，故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the
ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的)
ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有
不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护
我们的健康和福祉。)”和最后一段“The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it’s never too late to start learning.(
海洋是一位了不起的老师，开始了解永远不会太晚。)”可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带
来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。因此推断B项“一心一意地了解海洋”为最近标题，故选B。
6.（2023年四川省高三高考专家联测卷试题）
The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the
technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider
it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.
FOR
◆ Cloning is important for women who are single to have a child, using cloning instead of artificial
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】insemination (授精). Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child died.
◆ Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock (家畜) with ideal characters for agriculture and industry and
to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans.
◆ Cloning could be used in various ways to benefit the lives of humans.
◆ It may provide a way for completely sterile individuals to reproduce! It may provide a way for homosexual
couples to reproduce themselves, and it will probably provide a valuable basic research and possibly spin off
technologies related to reproduction and development.
◆ Cloning would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect organs for
transplant. This surely would be immensely beneficial to millions of unfortunate people who are expected to lose
their lives due to failure of a single organ or more organs.
AGAINST
◆ Cloning would intervene in the normal cycle of life. There would be a large number of identical (相同的)
genes, which minimizes (使减少到最低限度) the chances of mutation (变异), and, in turn, evolution—the
fundamental reason why living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment.
◆ With genetic engineering and human cloning it is possible to use these in the arsenal (兵工厂) of ethnic
cleansing (清洗) creating inequality in our society, which would be the beginning of many wars.
◆ Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would
increase social inequality.
◆ If the technology were to be so, scientists could transfer human genes into animals’ and vice versa, which
would heighten the danger of developing zoonoses, diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. It could
create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop.
◆ Genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness.
◆ Cloning dead loved ones will not bring them back; they may look like them, but they will have a different
personality.
21．If a single lady wants a baby but she does not accept artificial insemination, she might ________.
A．think about cloning technology to copy one
B．be against having a child from cloning technology
C．produce livestock with ideal characters
D．speak little of the cloning technology
22．The purpose of the writer writing the passage is to ________.
A．encourage us to support the ideas of FOR
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．advise us to accept the ideas of AGAINST
C．tell us to understand the ideas of FOR and AGAINST correctly
D．introduce us to remember the ideas of FOR and AGAINST
23．What’s the author’s attitude towards cloning?
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
24．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How many advantages are there? B．How many disadvantages are there?
C．Which side is wrong? D．Which side are you with?
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了支持和反对克隆技术的不同观点和意见。
21．细节理解题。根据FOR项第一条中的“Cloning is important for women who are single to have a child,
using cloning instead of artificial insemination (授精).(克隆技术对单身女性生孩子很重要，用克隆技术代替人
工授精)”可知，如果一位单身女性想生孩子但是不接受人工授精，她可以考虑用克隆技术克隆出一个孩子，
故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段“The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions
among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to
conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.(克隆技
术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺
陷的方法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，本文的写作目的就是让大家正确认
识人们对克隆技术所持的赞同与反对的观点。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者只是列举了对克隆技术的正反两种观点，所以对此持客观态度，故
选B。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions among
people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer
their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.(克隆技术引起
了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺陷的方
法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，文章从FOR与AGAINST两个角度陈述了
人们对克隆技术持有的不同观点，因此D项“Which side are you with?(你赞成哪一边？)”为最佳标题。故
选D。
7.（2023年广东省汕头市金山中学高考三模英语试题）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】We’ve all been there. It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge, cooking seems arduous and the
solution is obvious: takeaway. It’s easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some point, you have to
wonder: even if you don’t look different in the mirror, is it doing you any harm?
There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isn’t clear. A
2022 study found a connection between eating takeaway-style food in the 24 hours before taking the survey and
increased BMI in participants, although the researchers were careful to point out that they didn’t know whether
frequently eating takeaways made people overweight, or whether overweight people frequently eat takeaways.
There is, however, evidence that simply living near(or walking past)a takeaway outlet or two can have an impact on
body weight, with exposure to outlets near the workplace, most likely to tempt people.
But why? Well, takeaway food tends to be high in fat and salt - ingredients that are relatively cheap and taste
good, making you more likely to reorder. There is also some evidence that junk food can be addictive, as the
combination of salt, fat and sugar makes it hard to stop eating.
There is also the nutritional quality of the ingredients themselves. “Most takeaways contain highly processed
ingredients and additives, nutrient-poor carbohydrates and plenty of deep-fried foods cooked in oil repeatedly
heated to high temperatures, says Pearson.
So, what is the message? If you must place that order, consider the options:
The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces. If you
order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on
the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful and healthy.
Finally, try to cut your consumption: consider switching your daily routes, hide the menus, and delete the apps
on your phone.
25．What does the underlined word ‘arduous’ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Attractive B．Troublesome
C．Confusing D．Dull
26．What are researchers still unclear about?
A．The cause and effect relationship of takeaways and being overweight
B．Whether there is any connection between takeaways and being overweight
C．Which ingredients in takeaway food are the most addictive
D．Whether takeaways near the workplace are more likely to attract people
27．Which takeaway choice would the writer consider least harmful?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．Hamburgers and fries B．Indian main courses
C．Fried noodles D．Steamed dumplings
28．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Takeaways make you fat
B．Are takeaways harmful?
C．How to choose the best takeaway
D．How to avoid takeaways
【答案】25．B 26．A 27．D 28．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就外卖是否对人身体有害进行了讨论。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge(这是漫长的一天，
冰箱里什么都没有)”可知，冰箱里什么都没有，所以没法烹饪，即烹饪很困难，由此可推知划线单词
“arduous”意为“困难的”，与B项“Troublesome(困难的)”意思一样，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but
the relationship isn’t clear. (有一些证据表明，吃太多的外卖与体重增加有关，但这种关系尚不清楚)”可知，
吃太多的外卖与体重增加有关之间的关系尚不清楚，即研究人员对外卖与体重增加的因果关系尚不清楚，
故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything
covered in high-sugar sauces. If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are
going for Indian food, go heavy on the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful
and healthy.(在任何菜单上危害最大的可能是油炸食品，或任何上面浇着高糖酱汁的食物。如果你点中国菜，
可以点蒸饺、烤鱼或者汤。如果你想吃印度菜，那就多吃一些配菜，比如咖喱豆和土豆，它们通常更加美
味和健康)”以及结合选项推知，作者认为蒸饺是对人身体产生最小危害的外卖，故选D。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“It’s easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some
point, you have to wonder: even if you don’t look different in the mirror, is it doing you any harm?(外卖很容易成
为一种习惯。在某些时候，你不得不怀疑：即使你在镜子里看起来没有什么不同，这对你有什么害处
吗？)”可知，文章主要就外卖是否对人身体有害进行了讨论。B项“外卖有害吗？”适合作文章标题，故
选B。
8.（2023年辽宁省锦州市渤海大学附属中学高三试题）
What’s more important in determining life success-book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart
of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】intelligence (EI).
Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to
academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more
money, and tend to be healthier in general.
But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success.
Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now
provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research
has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting
that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey
of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence
more than his cognitive intelligence.
Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-
analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is
definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive
behaviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(感
同身受的)towards others.
All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play
roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a
prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to
strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and
emotional skills.
29．What can we know about people with book smarts?
A．They can debate with other people.
B．They can deal with various situations.
C．They can be outstanding in academic research.
D．They can be good at gaining real life experience.
30．Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3?
A．To indicate the strictness of the hiring process.
B．To prove the importance of emotional intelligence.
C．To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.
31．What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence?
A．Evaluating how others feel. B．One’s extreme behaviours
C．One’s academic performance. D．Controlling others’ emotions.
32．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Does book smarts matter? B．Is CI or El more important?
C．What counts most in life? D．Mental health or physical health?
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了一个问题，决定人成功的究竟是智商还是情商。最终得出了智商和
情商都在人的成功上发挥很重要的作用。但人的成功不仅仅是这两个因素决定的，同时还有很多其他方面
的因素。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of
success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement.(认知智力仍然被认为是成功的重要因素，尤其是
在学术成就方面)”可知，读书聪明的人往往在学术研究方面表现突出。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders
suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.(根据一项对
招聘经理的调查，几乎75%的应答者表示，他们更重视员工的情商，而不是他的认知智力)”可以推知，作
者在第三段提到数据是为了证明情商的重要性。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character
education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways
to be more empathetic (共鸣) toward others. (情商包括品格教育、教学策略建模积极行为，鼓励人们去思考别
人的感受，和他人产生共鸣)”可知，关于情商我们能学到评估别人的感受。故选A项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street
smarts? (在决定人生成功的过程中，哪一个更重要——书本知识还是街头智慧？)”以及最后一段“Both
cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and
happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to
improve skills in multiple areas.(认知智力和情商在整体成功，以及卫生、健康和幸福中都发挥着作用。与其
关注哪些因素具有优先影响力，学习提高多个领域的技能才是最有益的)”可知，文章一直在讨论情商与智
商谁更重要，故选B项。
9.（2023年天津市南开中学高三阶段性试卷）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】No business would welcome being compared to gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers of video
games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones.
Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” — in which
games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization
(WHO).
Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is
just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels
and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.
However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to
make them extremely attractive. For one thing, the business- model has changed: In the old days, games were
bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods,
which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theory and data,
which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent
Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to
encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos (赌场).
The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now
that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway,
being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.
33．What do we know from Paragraph 1?
A．It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.
B．Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling.
C．Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.
D．More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.
34．What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Unexpected addiction caused by science and technology.
B．Wrong judgment on how harmful something is.
C．Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior.
D．An astonishing claim of the unexpected panic.
35．What do games developers do to make games attractive?
A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．They keep players’ video game machines updated.
C．They reward big spenders with a unique title.
D．They adjust products based on received data.
36．In the last paragraph, the author aims to _______.
A．offer a suggestion
B．make a prediction
C．give a warning
D．put forward a solution
37．What is the best title for the text?
A．Addiction: A Warning to the Gaming Industry
B．Addiction: Not a Blame on Games
C．Games: A New Kind of Gambling
D．Games: The Cause of Mental Disorder
【答案】33．C 34．B 35．D 36．C 37．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇提到世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾
吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On January 1 this year, ‘gaming disorder’ — in which games are
played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).
(今年1月1日，‘游戏障碍’（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可，‘游戏障碍’指的是尽管会造成伤害，
但仍无法控制地玩游戏)”可知，游戏上瘾被权威机构WHO认定为疾病。故选C项。
34．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. (游戏真的会
让人上瘾吗？)”，划线词所在句“Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. (那些不这
么认为的人说，这只是又一次moral panic。)”，其中another指代众多类似当中的另外一个，根据下一句
“Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword
puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. (对于电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说，
甚至是填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，它们并没有人们想象的那么有害。)”可知，当
以上提及的电视、摇滚乐等出现在人们视野的时候，人们都认为它们对人类是有害的，并因此发出要抵制
这些东西的警告，但是事实证明它们没有预想的那么有害，属于一场虚惊，只不过是人们的moral panic，
可表达为“道德恐慌”，与B项“Wrong judgment on how harmful something is. (对某物危害性的错误判
断。)”。故选B项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】35．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the
means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. (然而，支持者认为，游戏开发者有动机和手
段来设计他们的产品，使其具有极大的吸引力。)”，以及“For another, games-makers combine psychological
theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their
permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly
adjusted to encourage players’ spending. (另一方面，游戏开发者将心理学理论和数据结合起来，这有助于他
们最大化游戏时间。智能手机和现代电子游戏机使用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据传回给开发者。
通过这种方式，游戏会不断调整产品以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者不但掌握游戏者心理，还实时
掌握着游戏者的游戏数据，并根据这些数据对游戏进行调整，使游戏有新鲜感，使游戏者玩得停不下手。
故选D项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a
problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而且这个问
题正在加剧。)”，以及最后一句“Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is
fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. (无论如何，在公众的心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，
都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中向游戏业发出了警示：在现实世界中，游
戏行业有着持续的问题，且人们将它与赌博业相提并论，这对这个行业发展无益。故选C项。
37．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this
year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition
from the World Health Organization (WHO).(然而今天，更多的医生在使用这个术语。今年1月1日，‘游戏
障碍’（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可，‘游戏障碍’指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游
戏。)”和文章最后一段“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that
problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become
more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry
any good.(游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而且这个问题正在加剧。既然游戏成瘾
得到了世界卫生组织的正式承认，诊断将变得更加普遍。无论如何，在公众心目中，将赌博与公平与否放
在一起，对这个行业都没有任何好处。)”可知，文章主要讲述了世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就
“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。由
此可知，A项：Addiction: A Warning to the Gaming Industry(上瘾：对游戏产业的警告)为合适的标题。故选
A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】10.（2023年哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三试题）
Even though people have been disabled playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole
ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going
downhill, over rocky or dirt zones, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip-up could be your
downfall.
Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train
for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply
because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme
thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it.
Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete’s way, not at all. Luck and
circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8, 000 meters or in a wood, going downhill.
In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get.
Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an
extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely
dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where
one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you
constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The
extreme part depends on the athlete.
To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport,
direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can
influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.
38．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports?
A．Extreme sports differ from one another.
B．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety.
C．Athletes’ luck is a key factor that influences safety.
D．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.
39．Why are several extreme sports listed in Paragraph 4?
A．To explain danger depends on the athlete.
B．To show free soloing is the most dangerous.
C．To compare which one involves the most skill.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．To demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport.
40．What is the author’s attitude towards the danger of extreme sports?
A．Objective. B．Doubtful.
C．Intolerant. D．Unconcerned.
41．Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage?
B．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned?
C．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?
D．Why Do We Take to Extreme Sports So Much?
【答案】38．B 39．A 40．A 41．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了作者对于极限运动危险性的认识。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more
skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily
routine. That does not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it.(对大多数人来说，极限运动之所以是极限运
动，仅仅是因为它们需要比普通人更多的技巧。一个运动员运用技巧和训练是一个极端的事情被提上日程。
这并不能完全消除危险，但可以大大减少危险)”可知，第二段主要讨论了在极限运动中，运动员的技巧在
保障自身安全的过程中是非常重要的。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around
and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to
do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is
absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is
relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can
get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.(一些人把跑酷（跑、跳、爬建筑物下面、周围
和穿过建筑物的运动）视为一种极限运动，但它更像是一种生活哲学，运动员不必做任何危险的事情。自
由独攀，也就是在没有安全装备的情况下攀爬岩石或冰面，绝对是致命的，一次滑倒几乎就意味着死亡，
当然，这取决于高度。滑板相对安全，但如果你经常找一些可笑的地方练习，比如桥的栅栏，那么事情就
会变得非常复杂。极限部分取决于运动员)”可推知，在第4段中，列举了几种极限运动来解释危险取决于
运动员。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on
the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.(总之，是的，极
限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情是我
们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”可推知，作者对极限运动的看
法是客观的。故选A。
41．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on
the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out
of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.(总之，是的，极
限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情是我
们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”及前文论述可知，作者认为极
限运动的危险和很多因素都有关，不能简单地把极限运动和危险等同起来。由此可知，Are Extreme Sports
Really That Dangerous?(极限运动真的那么危险吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
11.（2023年北京市第四中学高三保温测试试卷）
The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and
bonuses that seem to make it a job hunter’s market.
The concept sounds simple —American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet
some labor economists would argue the picture isn’t complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want
at the wages they’re willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road.
The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there
aren’t enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up.
Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling
(停滞) job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by
the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In
May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly
earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift
wages, they’re able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID
levels; they are not too high.
To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and
occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering.
Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending
on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】(at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in
Massachusetts.
The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can
come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be
counterproductive.
42．What does May’s rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us?
A．The leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.
B．Rapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.
C．The economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.
D．Employees are eager to work after the COVID-19.
43．Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5?
A．To explain an opinion. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
44．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Job market is expected to be stronger
B．Take wisdom to assess labor shortages
C．Competitors are eager to keep talent
D．Let the market fix labor shortages
【答案】42．B 43．A 44．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。五月份，“劳动力短缺”一词成为谷歌热词。然而，归根结底，在市场上，
短缺并不是普遍存在的。同时出现的短缺和盈余在任何时候都可能影响整个经济，这就是为什么笼统的政
策可能会适得其反。因此，劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控，不要制定笼统的政策。
42．推理判断题。根据第四自然段“Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is
seeing this trend alongside stalling(停滞)job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel
industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic,
we’re starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the
economy. (然而，工资增长的加快并不是短缺的唯一标志。迹象表明，这一趋势与就业增长停滞同时出现。
看看休闲和酒店业发生了什么，这是新冠肺炎疫情最严重的行业之一。在疫情期间就业岗位几乎消失后，
我们开始看到反弹：5月份，该行业创造了29.2万个就业岗位，远远超过了经济的其他领域。)”可知，5月
份休闲和酒店业就业岗位的反弹的例子是为了支撑本段的主旨句，即工资增长的加快并不是劳动力短缺的
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】唯一标志，换句话说，工资快速增长与就业增长停滞有关。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据第五自然段“The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage
of workers in engineering. (出租车排队模型被用来解决工程领域工人短缺的争论。)”可知，本段第2句用出
租车排队模型主要是解释在不同的地点，不同的行业可能会存在不同的人员短缺，即劳动力供求关系在不
同行业存在区别。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。文章第一段引出“劳动力短缺”话题；第二段讲述一般人和经济学家对劳动力短缺的不
同理解，不同的理解可能会导致今后的政策失误；第三段讲述在市场中，供求规律应该使发现劳动力短缺
相对简单，即当没有足够的工人时，雇主会支付更多的工资来雇佣工人，工资就会上涨。第四段进行反证，
工资快速上涨并不一定说明劳动力短缺，也存在别的可能性；第五段用出租车排队模型解释劳动力供求关
系在不同行业的不同情况；第六段是总结段，讲述劳动力短缺和盈余都可能在整个经济中出现，这就是为
什么笼统的政策可能适得其反，必须具体问题具体对待，和第二段主题相呼应。分析得出，文章主要讲述
劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控，不要制定笼统的政策。故选D。
12.（2023年天津市耀华中学高三年级第二次模拟考试英语试题）
Machines work well at a constant speed—and the faster the better. They are designed and built for it. Whether
they are spinning cotton or dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are what they excel at.
Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines, for machines. We adapt to machines and hold
ourselves to their standards: People are judged by the speed with which they respond, not the quality of their
response. Such ideas are being woven into our culture. “Always on” becomes something to boast of, or aspire to.
Most of us are busy most of the time, if not with work then with family, domestic tasks or our social networks
—real and virtual. When I ask people how they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”. Ticking things off
the “to do” list becomes a means of defining ourselves.
A few years ago, I became very interested in what it means to pause. I started to notice where pauses show up
in my own work and life. For example, I realized that when I was writing, a short walk was a more effective way to
break a creative block than concentrating harder.
I realized that a pause is not nothing. It acts as a kind of switch or opening. As Helene Simonsen, a classical
musician, says, “Whatever you are doing, if you want something else to happen, you need to pause.” It is not a
fixed unit of time. It might be taking a moment before you enter a room, but it could also be a “screen-free
Saturday”, a “Think Week” every two years (which works for Bill Gates) or a year-long vacation. However fast you
are moving, there is always the chance to pause—to rest, reflect or refresh of course, but also to appreciate, get
perspective, connect to others, or have new ideas.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】There is more to life than getting things done. Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-
cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a uniform raw material—as the physics of
Einstein shows. Try to let go of the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and objective, and think of it in the
same way we experience it. Instead of setting work and life against each other, use pauses to leaven (为增色) your
experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): you don’t need much, but it is a vital ingredient.
I want to give pauses more visibility, importance and status. My hope is that each of us can use pauses, great
and small, to avoid sliding into a mode where we act like poorly performing machines.
45．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．The widespread use of machines has destroyed our life.
B．People have become quite obsessed with response speed.
C．People always get pleasure from competing with machines.
D．It’s difficult for people to adapt to a highly mechanized life.
46．The underlined phrase “Ticking things off the ‘to do’ list” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．learning to slow down
B．concentrating on one thing
C．selecting what we should do
D．getting things done one by one
47．According to the author, how does taking a pause benefit us in a busy life?
A．It makes your life dynamic and delightful.
B．It improves our working efficiency greatly.
C．It helps develop interpersonal connections.
D．It enables people to do what they want to do.
48．Which of the following statements best sums up the author’s understanding of time?
A．Time can never get returned.
B．Time exists in the form of lines.
C．Time is precious that we all need to cherish.
D．Time is what everyone experiences uniquely.
49．What message does the author want to convey about “pauses” at the end of the passage?
A．They are useless if taken for short periods of time.
B．They are for those who have too much spare time.
C．They play a vital role in our well-being and creativity.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．They bring harm to our ability to perform efficiently.
【答案】45．B 46．D 47．A 48．D 49．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是在这个人人都忙的社会适时按下暂停键，可以避免陷入一种我
们就像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。
45．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Machines work well at a constant speed—and the faster the better.(机器以恒
定的速度运转良好——而且越快越好)”以及第二段中的“We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their
standards: People are judged by the speed with which they respond, not the quality of their response.(我们适应机
器，按照机器的标准来要求自己:人们的评判标准是反应的速度，而不是反应的质量。)”可知，我们人类像
机器一样，判断标准是反映的速度而不是质量，由此可知，人们痴迷于反应速度。故选B项。
46．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Most of us are busy most of the time, if not with work then with family,
domestic tasks or our social networks—real and virtual. When I ask people how they are doing, they almost always
answer “busy”.(我们大多数人大部分时间都很忙，如果不是忙于工作，那么就是忙于家庭、家务或我们的社
交网络——不管是真实的还是虚拟的。当我问人们近况如何时，他们几乎总是回答“很忙”。)”可知，大
多数人大部分时间都是很忙，忙工作、忙家务，各种忙，由此可知，本段讲述的内容与“忙”相关，所以
划线短语所在的句子所描述的内容应与本段主题“忙”相关，结合选项，“一个接一个地做事情”与本段
的主题吻合。故选D项。
47．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“However fast you are moving, there is always the chance to pause—to
rest, reflect or refresh of course, but also to appreciate, get perspective, connect to others, or have new ideas.(无论
你走得有多快，总有机会停下来休息、反思或刷新，但也要欣赏、获得视角、与他人联系或有新的想
法。)”可知，在忙碌的时候，按下暂停键，可以让我们得到休息，重新振奋精神，去欣赏，从不同角度获
得新的见解或不同的想法，由此推断，在忙碌的生活中按下暂停键会让生活充满活力和快乐。故选A项。
48．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-cream is
not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a uniform raw material—as the physics of Einstein
shows. Try to let go of the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and objective, and think of it in the same way
we experience it.(我们所经历的时间变化很大。一分钟吃冰淇淋和一分钟做俯卧撑是不一样的。甚至时间本
身也不是一种统一的原材料——正如爱因斯坦的物理学所表明的那样。试着放弃时间是线性的、有规律的
和客观的想法，以我们经历它的方式来思考它。)”可知，我们所经历的时间大不相同，时间本身也不是统
一的原材料，作者建议放弃时间是线性的观点，用我们自己体验它的方式来思考它，由此可推断，作者认
为时间是每个人独特的体验。故选D项。
49．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I want to give pauses more visibility, importance and status. My hope is
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】that each of us can use pauses, great and small, to avoid sliding into a mode where we act like poorly performing
machines.(我想赋予停顿更多的可见度、重要性和地位。我的希望是，我们每个人都能利用或大或小的停顿，
避免陷入一种像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。)”可知，作者希望人们不会像机器一样，做着有规律地重复
动作，我们应该利用好大大小小的暂停，结合倒数第二段中的“Instead of setting work and life against each
other, use pauses to leaven (为增色) your experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): you don’t need much, but it is a
vital ingredient.(不要把工作和生活对立起来，要利用停顿来丰富你的经历。暂停就像酵母：你不需要太多，
但它是至关重要的成分。)”可知，我们不是把工作与生活对立起来，而是使用暂停让生活充满色彩，暂停
像酵母一样，不需要很多，但是很重要，由此可推断，暂停在对我们的幸福和创造力起着至关重要的作用。
故选C项。
13.（2023届山东省烟台市高三二模英语试题）
“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”, English rock star David Bowie once confidently sang in his hit
single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I
disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order home delivery.
To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat
us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the
pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive
in-store music. To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that
simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus
better choice.
Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful. Whether it is because we
need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones,
going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.
We could take it as an opportunity for self-care—to treat ourselves by dressing up, arriving in style at a fancy
restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would
only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food
delivery app users reason it’s a trouble and less convenient to dress up and eat out.
However, it’s worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for
home delivery. There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t
be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes
more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】50．What does the author mainly talk about?
A．Dining options. B．Cuisine culture.
C．Consumption level. D．Food categories.
51．What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph 2?
A．Quality service. B．Comfort and convenience.
C．Sensory enjoyment. D．A reasonable mix of nutrition.
52．What does the author think of ordering home delivery?
A．It’s quite pricey. B．It may let consumers down.
C．It may cause food waste. D．It’s not environmental-friendly.
53．How is the text developed?
A．By providing examples. B．By following space order.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing mental processes.
【答案】50．A 51．C 52．B 53．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读
者“在外面吃饭”是更好的选择。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order
home delivery.”（我不同意这种说法，并认为在外面吃饭比点外卖送到家要好。）和最后一段关键句
“Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”（因此，
在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知，作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和
“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，认为在外就餐更有意义。由此可知，作者主要谈论了用餐选
择问题。故选A项。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately
greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal
decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on
competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music.”（首先，当我们走进一家餐厅时，迎接我
们的不仅是一位准备让我们就座的服务员，还有一种洪流般的身体感觉——眼睛注视着餐厅的内部装饰，
鼻子呼吸着精心烹制的食物的怡人气味，耳朵听到顾客相互竞争的聊天声和吸引人的店内音乐。）可知，
第二段强调了外出就餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受。由此可知，第二段强调了外出就餐的
好处是可以获得感官上的享受。故选C项。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being
inconvenient. Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home
delivery.”（收到的食品订单有丢失的风险，甚至是无法退回的完全错误的订单。我们为了方便而牺牲的东
西最终可能会变得不方便。因此，在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知，作
者认为点外卖面临着订单丢失或订单错误的风险，这会让我们感到失望。由此可知，作者认为点外卖送到
家可能会让消费者失望。故选B项。
53．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant.
Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery.”（外出就餐是为了体验每一
家餐厅特有的氛围。像这样特别的东西根本无法通过点外卖送到家来复制。）和第三段关键句“Eating out
becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful.”（当待在家里太痛苦时，外出就餐变得更
有吸引力。）可知，作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在
外面吃饭”的好处。由此可知，文章是通过比较发展起来的。故选C项。
14.（2023年山东省淄博市高三试题）
There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements
exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may
consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.
In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated
with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their
life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where
knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be
productive members of their communities.
In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the
political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over,
causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all
instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise
problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement
has become an increased concern for individuals and society.
Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people
in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with
their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with
formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their
families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive
generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring
new social accommodations.
54．What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?
A．Their status of respectability. B．Their value in productivity.
C．Their rich knowledge in education. D．Their extraordinary ability to work.
55．What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?
A．It has faded the elderly worries.
B．It means the end of productive ability.
C．It is considered beneficial in all distances.
D．It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.
56．What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Planning. B．Changing.
C．Extending. D．Canceling.
57．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A personal journal. B．A science research.
C．A social issue review. D．A community brochure.
【答案】54．B 55．D 56．A 57．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其
生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的
家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。
54．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life
experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where
knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be
productive members of their communities.(在农业社会中，老年人享有受人尊敬的地位。他们的生活经验和知
识被认为是有价值的，特别是在尚无文字的社会，知识是口头传播的。这些社会中的活动范围使老年人能
够继续成为社区中有生产力的成员)”可知，在农业社会老年人的生活经验和知识使他们依旧具有生产力价
值，从而获得尊敬。由此可知，生产力上的价值对于农业社会的老年人很重要。故选B项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】55．推理判断题。根据第三段中“… older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their
productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not
regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the
range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial
preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.(……越来越多的老年人在
他们的生产年龄结束之前就被迫退休，这给他们的老年心理适应带来了问题。退休并非在所有情况下都是
不利的，但其经济上的限制往往进一步使老年人远离影响的范围，并在延长闲暇时间和住房的使用方面产
生问题。因此，为退休做财务准备已成为个人和社会日益关注的问题)”可知，退休问题会引起老年人的心
理适应问题，并在经济上限制老年人的活动和影响力，使其不得不做好财务准备。因此，退休在心理和财
政两方面都影响着老年人。故选D项。
56．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child,
industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people
who function independently of their families.(虽然大多数老年人住在离他们最近的孩子不到一小时的地方，但
工业化社会正面临着……计划以容纳越来越多的独立于家庭生活的老年人的问题)”可知，此处前后有转折，
虽然大多数老年人的生活范围离子女很近，但是越来越多的老年人独立生活，这种情况需要社会制定计划
去解决。由此推知，formulating意思是“制定”，与planning意思一致。故选A项。
57．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从对老年人的定义的各种分歧引入话题，然后介绍了老年人的社会
地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人
被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。因此，文章聚焦
的是社会问题和现象，应该出自社会问题评论。故选C项。
15.（2023年山东省实验中学高三二模英语试题）
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he
would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy
from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But
Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market
only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an
experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded
some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on
“delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-
making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might
buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems.
Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is
ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in
part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry
alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving.
Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
58．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?
A．It ignored marketing strategies. B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly good taste. D．It focused on delight and pleasure.
59．What can be inferred about meaning seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stores. B．They think products extend their lives.
C．They hesitate to make decisions. D．They make more purchases with money.
60．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By giving some examples. B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasons. D．By making some comparisons.
61．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to Buy
C．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
【答案】58．B 59．D 60．C 61．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨
论。
58．细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of
purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，
他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Juntos是个失败
者。)”和第二段“What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option.
They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves”
and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less
expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事?为了找出
Juntos失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这
些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，
专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产
品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos失败的
主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。
59．推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked
participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking
about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what
else they could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢?为了找出答案，劳伦斯·
威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给
他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于
用钱买更多的东西，故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap
products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a
result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater
damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问
题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不
利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题
的原因来发展第四段，故选C。
61．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But
cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As
a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater
damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问
题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不
利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
(所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的
东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选
项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
