文档内容
专题 32 语法填空高频话题
(极端天气与气候)
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·广东梅州·高三丰顺中学模拟测试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Experts are working hard to provide accurate weather reports for the 14th National Games. This year, the
games are featuring 35 competitive sports, with most events 1 (schedule) to take place in 13 cities or zones
across Shaanxi. They 2 (open) on September 15 and will close on September 27, but some events had
already been completed before the opening ceremony, including the men’s soccer, men’s volleyball and seven
diving 3 (compete).
“Meteorology (气象学) and sports are inseparable,” said Cai Xinling, an expert from the Shaanxi Climate
Center. “Bad weather such as rainstorms and 4 (extreme) high temperatures can cause outdoor events to be
delayed. Other factors, including wind and humidity, also have an impact 5 the athletes’ performances,” she
said, 6 (add) that wind can have a great influence on certain events. “For example, in events such as the
javelin and discus (标枪铁饼), a light head wind can increase lift, 7 is beneficial to performances. ”
She noted that too much water vapor in the air can make 8 difficult for the athletes to breathe easily
and perform well. But for marathons, a little rain will make the runners feel comfortable and even can make them
get a 9 (high) mark.
In August 2019, a meteorological center and 65 staff members from across the province began operations in
Xi’an. And now the team 10 (support) by the work of other forecasters in the province.
2.（2023·浙江·舟山中学校考模拟预测）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Debates have been going on 11 the subject of carbon capture. Scientists, especially engineers and
geologists, have strongly criticized green groups who claimed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes are
costly mistakes.
The scientists insisted that such schemes 12 vital weapons in the battle against global heating. They
also warn that failure to set up ways to trap and store carbon would make it 13 (possible) to meet theemissions target by 2050. “CCS is going to be the only effective way in the short term 14 (prevent) our
steel industry, cement manufacture and many other processes from continuing to pour emissions into the
atmosphere,” said Professor Stuart Haszeldine, of Edinburgh University. “ 15 we are to have any hope of
keeping global temperature increases down below 2 degrees Celsius, we desperately need to develop ways to
capture and store carbon dioxide.”
Green groups claimed CCS would not make “a meaningful contribution to 2050 climate targets”. They say
CCS was not reliable to decarbonize the energy system and that CCS has 16 history of over-promising and
under-delivering. Instead, they urged the construction of more renewable energy plants 17 (give) priority.
But the claims 18 (dismiss) by engineers and geologists. “These claims are quite unfair,” said Michael
Stephenson, director at the British Geological Survey.
A government spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said, “We are committed to
meeting our climate change targets in a way 19 is affordable and provides secure energy to families and
businesses. We are considering the role that CCS could play in decarbonization of the UK. But we also need to take
government 20 (spend) into account. CCS had better come down in cost.”
3.（2023·广东汕头·高三统考测试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Owing to global warming, sea levels are rising and rain forests are dying. It’s clear that humans 21
(cause)most of the warming over the past century by releasing greenhouse gases, the levels of which are 22
(high)now than at any time in the past.
Global warming is causing a set of changes to the earth’s climate 23 vary from place to place. Many
people think that global warming is the same as climate change. However, scientists use “climate change” when
describing the complex shifts now affecting 24 (we)planet’s weather and climate systems—in part
because some areas 25 （actual）get cooler in the short term.
Climate change includes not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events and a range of
other 26 (consequence). All of them are appearing as humans continue to add greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere, 27 (change)the rhythms(节奏)of climate that all living things have come to rely 28
.
What shall we do and what can we do 29 (slow) this human-caused warming? How shall we deal
with the changes we’ve already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, 30 future of the
earth hangs in the balance.4.（2023·内蒙古阿拉善盟·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme
weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans 31
(occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than 32 from 1960-85.
Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air, 33 is why 93%
of global heating is taken up by seas.
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which 34 (lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also
causes seawater 35 (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by
the end of the century, 36 (threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming
marine (海洋的) life, with 37 number of ocean heatwaves increasing 38 (sharp).
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas
heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from
the 39 (deep).
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020, 40 a record drop in global
carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said
Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.
5.（2023·全国·一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The climate crisis has reached new levels of destruction this year for millions of people in poor countries that
didn’t cause the problem, 41 (lead) to losses so huge that it is hard for many in richer countries to even
understand. For nearly three decades, the countries most affected have asked wealthy countries to help them pay for
the damage, only 42 (pay) lip service.
At the annual United Nations climate conference this week, the issue is formally 43 the agenda, a
breakthrough in itself. 44 (encouraging), a small number of wealthy countries have promised to give
money despite small amounts.
These contributions are welcome, although they are not the kind of funding 45 (seek) — some
countries reallocate the funds from other pots of climate finance, or put money toward 46 (insure), or early
warning systems. What these countries 47 (call) for over the past decades, and urgently need, is a
collective funding stream within the United Nations 48 helps them recover from devastating losses fromdisasters, rising seas and other climate impacts.
It’s not 49 matter of charity. Taking action is firmly in rich countries’ own interests. As climate change
bears down,more factorries and ports around the world will close, devastating global supply chains. Food prices
will rise. More people will be displaced, which will cause additional migration crises. Conflict will grow more
likely as people fight over land and water. The consequences will destabilize even the 50 (strong)
economies. Preventing that outcome now, by financing recovery from climate damage, will ensure a more stable
future for everyone.
6.（2023·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Grain Rain (Chinese guyu) is the last solar term in the spring. It 51 (originate) from the old
saying, “Rain brings up the 52 (grow) of hundreds of grains”, which shows that this period of rainfall is
extremely important for crops to grow. The Grain Rain signals the end of cold weather 53 a rapid rise
in temperature. The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is 54 it is rainy, and the rainfall
increases after the Grain Rain solar term. With sufficient and 55 (time) rainfall, cereal crops grow
stronger.
There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Gran Rain. Spring tea during
Grain Rain is rich 56 vitamins and amino acids, 57 can help to remove heat from the body
and is good for the eyes. It is also said that drinking tea on this day would prevent bad luck.
58 (go) out to view the wonderful sight of peonies (牡丹) in bloom three days after Grain Rain
59 (become) a tradition in China. The peony coincides with Grain Rain so it is also known as the “Flower of
the Grain Rain”. 60 flowers are large and bright, with many layers of colored petals (花瓣). The
flower represents grace and dignity in Chinese culture. Chinese people also associate peonies with wealth and rank.
7.（2023·江苏苏州·高三统考期末）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Illegal ivory (象牙) hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya’s elephants. But now the giants of the
animal kingdom 61 (face) an even bigger risk: climate change.
In the past years, Kenyan 62 (official) have cracked down on hunting, 63 has targeted giraffes
for their meat, bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks. But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four
decades, the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants 64 hunting. In Tsavo National Park much wildlife
65 (flee) in recent years in search of water. To survive, elephants require vast landscapes for food. Adults canconsume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water 66 day. But rivers, soil and grassland are
drying up, 67 (result) in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year, at least 179 elephants have died of thirst, while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10,
Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC． “It is a red alarm.” he said of the crisis.
Balala suggested that 68 much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that 69
(environment) issues have been ignored. “We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity 70 (manage) and
ecosystems,” he said. “Something must be done to deal with climate change.”
8.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Glaciers occupy over 71 tenth of Iceland. As temperatures rise across the Arctic nearly faster than
any place on the planet, all of Iceland 72 (consider) the changing landscape and climate a matter of
national 73 (urgent), and trying to deal with the prospect of a future with no ice. Energy producers are
upgrading hydroelectric power plants and experimenting with burying carbon dioxide in rock to keep 74
out of the atmosphere. The fishing industry is reducing fossil fuel use with energy-efficient ships.The government is
budgeting $55 million over five years for reforestation, land conservation and carbon-free transport projects 75
(reduce) greenhouse gas emissions. More 76 (spend) by 2040, 77 Iceland expects businesses,
organizations and individuals to be removing as much carbon dioxide 78 the atmosphere as they put in.
“Climate change is no longer something to be joked about in Iceland or anywhere,” Gudni Jóhannesson, Iceland’s
president, said in an interview, 79 (add) that most Icelanders believe human activity plays a role. “We are
taking responsibility to seek 80 (practice) solutions. But we can do better,” he said.
9.（2023·安徽六安·高三统考期末）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Climate change has become an undeniable reality. It’s not just obvious in the poles 81 ice caps are
melting at an alarming pace, nor is it an issue of the future: It’s what’s happening now in our own backyards here in
Asia. In the summer of 2022, China 82 (experience) the strongest heat waves. Temperatures in central,
eastern and southern China reached above 35 degrees Celsius, 83 360 million people experiencing
temperatures above 40℃.
84 (current), we have “only” seen a temperature rise of about 1.2℃, but the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its latest report has warned that many of the climate impacts are
already becoming irreversible(不可逆转的). There will also be much 85 (great) limits to what people cando to tackle the effects.
While it has been difficult for many developing countries to accurately calculate the finance 86
(require) for them to build green societies, 87 is estimated in the Oxfam’s report that the countries in
South and Southeast Asia will require an average of $1,300 billion per year until 2030 to deal with climate impacts.
Governments and many 88 (provide) of climate finance must urgently ensure that scaled-up finance
reaches vulnerable(脆弱的) communities at the local level 89 (meet) their actual needs. Climate change is
90 urgent and severe threat to humanity. We need to see significantly more commitment and action.
10.（2022·安徽·高三校联考期中）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The summer of 2022 is certain to be an unforgettable memory for the Chongqing people, a summer 91
we were tested beyond measure and came together to adapt and overcome.
Long known 92 a stove of China, Chongqing experienced the summer temperature of 2022 up to
45℃ by day.
This brought about many problems, including dried—up rivers, lack of power, drought, and forest fires in 9
districts. The situation was difficult and complex. But the people became stronger than ever.
What I saw was that when things got hard, Chongqing 93 (rise) to the challenge. Without complaint,
the city began to save electricity, reducing hours for shopping malls to ensure critical power was safe for residents,
hospitals 94 schools.
95 (fight) the fire, professionals and volunteers came forward and gave all their 96
(strong). Firefighters and thousands of volunteers worked day and night to prevent the flames destroying several
mountainous districts in Chongqing. Motorcycle 97 (fan) rode through smoke and fire to deliver essential
fire fighting supplies on remote roads as the people of Chongqing united to prevent 98 (far) disaster.
Exhausted, sweaty, and tired, we rested but did not give up. We lost the fight only by 99 (quit). The
army came to help fight the fire, and 100 (thorough) put out the fire.
11.（2022·四川德阳·高三四川省绵竹中学校考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Since late July, there have been large-scale and high-intensity high temperatures in the middle and lower
reaches of the Yangtze River due to an 101 (normal) strong subtropical high pressure system in the western
Pacific,” Chen Tao said. “ 102 (base) on our analysis, the system will continue and high temperatures will
persist in those regions for the coming two weeks.”Chen Lijuan, chief forecaster at the National Climate Center said, high temperatures 103 (stay) in
many parts of southern China since June. “While this year’s duration of regional high temperatures is set to break
the record and become the 104 (hot) year since 1961,” she said. Shanghai, 105 entered its 41st day
of temperatures above 35℃ on Sunday, has experienced six days with high temperatures above 40℃ this summer.
The city’s temperature hit 40.9℃ on July 13, 106 (equal) the highest temperature in Shanghai since
records began in 1873.
Affected by the high temperatures, some areas in the Sichuan basin and the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River have already experienced drought and may continue or get 107 (bad), said Chen Tao. The
high temperature weather has a certain unfavorable impact 108 agricultural production in the southern
region, and continuous high temperatures are not 109 (benefit) to the 110 (grow) and
development of some crops.
12.（2022·湖北黄冈·高三校考期中）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
President Xi Jinping announced the country’s goal to make carbon dioxide emissions (排放) reach the highest
point before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060. Thus, active 111 (measure) will be
taken by China, such as expanding grasslands and forests. In the next five years, forest coverage and grassland in
China will be 112 a higher level.
“We will further promote a much 113 (green) project in the country and encourage people nationwide
to plant more trees,” an official said. 114 (survey) by the National Forestry Administration (国家林业局),
there are 115 (possible) 220 million hectares of forest in China. “China will build a conservation system on
its nature reserves, protecting 116 (variety) natural resources and keep 117 strong attitude toward
illegal activities that will harm nature,” the official said.
In March, the administration released a report 118 (show) that forest carbon storage in China was
about 9.18 billion metric tons last year, 119 achieved the country’s commitment (承诺) to the international
community.
China 120 (promote) its own approach to climate governance that highlights green recovery so far.
The forestry department will play to our advantage and strengthen our commitment to climate change.
13.（2022·全国·高三专题练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With a long drought this summer, the iconic Dutch flood control project, 121 (consist) of a majordam and a causeway, has kept its flood gates 122 (close) to prevent fresh water from flowing into the sea
and help Lake IJssel maintain its water level.
For hundreds of years, flooding has always been a problem for the Dutch people, 123 have built
infrastructures (基础设施) including dams and dykes 124 (protect) some 55 percent flood-prone areas in
the country.
This summer, the Netherlands has once again encountered 125 extreme drought, with the water level
of inland rivers and lakes declining to historical lows(最低点). Agriculture, shipping and nature are 126
(particular) affected.
At the same time, similar 127 (scene) of drought and water scarcity(水荒) have occurred in some
other European countries.
In Slovenia, water-saving measures 128 (take) since early July, including restrictions on beach
showers, lawn watering, car washes, swimming pool filling and private yard washing.
In Belgium, 18 cities in the southern French-speaking Wallonia region have also adopted water restrictions,
with 129 five cities closely monitoring the situation. In Spain, some supermarkets have started rationing
(定量分配) ice cubes, and several supermarket chains have limited customers 130 two bags of ice per
person.
Climate experts point out that climate change is behind the current extreme drought in Europe.
14.（2022·宁夏银川·高三银川一中校考阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, the life of many people in the world 131 (affect) by global warming. For example,
greenhouse gas has a bad effect 132 both people and environment. The earth’s surface temperature 133
(go) up by about 1 degrees centigrade in the past 100 years. As a matter of fact, we may feel that we can hardly put
up with the extremely hot summer and we can’t get 134 (accustom) to warm winter. The rise of the
earth’s surface temperature has affected human health, the existence of creatures 135 the balance of
ecosystems. There is no doubt 136 it is human activities that result in the bad environment. As a 137
(consequent), conditions permitting, all countries in the world should spare no effort 138 (improve) our
environment. Even if our effort is limited, it will 139 (eventual) make a great difference if we keep on
140 (work) together to deal with global warming. Without all people’s joint efforts, what would our future be
like?
15.（2022·湖南长沙·长沙一中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study, 141 was published by the Rapid Transition Alliance has revealed that climate change
will 142 (threat) global sports events over the next three decades. The report monitors climate change ,
development and global issues. Researchers said that 143 (near) all sports would be impacted by what
they called “an accelerating climate crisis”. They highlight how major sports events 144 (interrupt) by
the weather so far. Bushfires in Australia made playing conditions at risk at the Australian Tennis Open and heavy
rain from a huge typhoon mined last year’s Rugby World Cup in Japan. The report predicts that fires, floods,
heatwaves and 145 (rise) sea levels will cause greater damage.
Rapid Transition Alliance coordinator (协调员) Andrew Simms urged the sports industry 146 (do)
more to become carbon-neutral. He said, “Sport provides some of society’s most 147 (influence) role
models. If sport can change how it operates to act at the speed and scale necessary to prevent the climate
emergency, others 148 (follow).” He added that the carbon emissions from sports events worldwide are
equal to 149 produced by a medium-sized country. The report’s author, David Goldblatt, said sport
should be more active. He said, “Making a carbon-zero world the priority of the sports world would make a huge
contribution 150 the environment.”
