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专题 22 阅读理解（推理判断题）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）
Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person's wellbeing. Researchers have found that
insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person's risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity
(being very overweight), high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting
sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship
between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the
professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection
between exercise and academic achievement.
While Gross's data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising.
As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the
average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final
exam.
Even more interesting, it was not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test.
Instead, it's the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the
morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. "When you go
to bed matters," Gross says, "If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your
performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same
seven hours. So, quantity isn't everything."
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students'
grades. The overall course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower
than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who varied their bedtime by even one
hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtimes.
Who knew getting A's just required some extra ZZZ's?1．Based on his original objectives, which best describes Professor Gross's research findings?
A．Accidental. B．Complete. C．Convincing. D．Doubtful.
2．Who were the people taking part in the study?
A．Middle school chemistry students. B．Volunteers from different universities.
C．Professor Gross's own students. D．University student athletes.
3．How did Professor Gross's team measure academic performance?
A．Making the students wear a special watch.
B．Using students' university entrance test results.
C．Giving the students regular after class quizzes.
D．Using the students' normal test and quiz grades.
4．Based on the study's findings, who is likely to perform best academically.
A．A person who has a good night's sleep the night before an important test.
B．A person whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.
C．A person who sleeps from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. each day.
D．A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.
2.（2023·广东·高三深圳市福田中学阶段练习）
A shocking news report has revealed that more than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction,
warning that 75% of the threatened species are “geographically restricted” in their native regions.
The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development, wood harvesting and
agricultural expansion. Time is running out for the world's biodiversity. Every recent survey of plants and animals
in the wild points to this. This is happening nearly everywhere rarer maples exist. And because of climate change,
the narrow habitats that support species at the edges of dry places and at the tops of mountains are quickly
disappearing.
The trees can be found in subtropical and tropical regions, as far south as Indonesia. The only species found in
the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only are the trees a popular attractive feature in parks and public
spaces, but they are a key part of the natural ecosystem in woodlands, as well as being an important wood crop in
several countries. Although the sugar maple in North America, which produces maple juice, is not endangered, two
of the closest relatives to the species are endangered.
The report notes that conserving at-risk species in their natural habitat is the best conservation tactic. But
collections in botanical gardens and seed banks-called "ex situ collections" can act as insurance policies againstextinction. There are currently 14 species of maple, including four that are critically endangered, which are absent
from these types of collections.
One species in Mexico, the Acer binzayedii, is in “desperate need of conservation"”despite only being
discovered in 2017. “It is at risk from climate change in its cloud forest habitat and threatened by logging and forest
fires while it is also absent from 'ex situ collections',” the report adds. The report recommends developing
conservation plans, monitoring species currently not at risk to ensure populations are maintained, and adding those
missing maple species to seed banks.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Action to protect maple trees. B．The dangerous situation of maple trees.
C．Various maple trees' habitats in the world.D．The conditions for diversity in maple trees.
6．What do the field maple and the sugar maple have in common?
A．They cannot produce juice. B．They are found in America.
C．They are not at risk of extinction. D．They have two endangered relatives.
7．What does the underlined word “tactic” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Topic. B．Approach. C．Result. D．Conclusion.
8．What's the main purpose of the report?
A．To offer a proposal. B．To recommend a product.
C．To introduce maple species. D．To warn people of disasters.
3.（2023·广东广州·统考三模）
In this most unusual year, the gift of giving will feel especially good. These tips can help make the season
merry and bright for everyone.
What’s Different This Year
Hot Ticket Items May Be Extra Hot: Some companies have scaled back their holiday ordering this year to trim
inventory, so popular products might sell out fast — in stores and online. So if you see a good price for an item on
your list, be sure to grab it. And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before Christmas Eve.
Online Sales Will Start Early
This year, it maybe more like Cyber Season, with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween.
With concerns about crowds, retailers will likely save a lot of their inventory for online sales. To avoid parking lot
chaos, try to pick up your purchases first thing in the morning or later in the evening, when wait times should be
shorter.
Outlets Are Online TooIf one of your holiday shopping traditions is a trip to the outlets, you can still experience the thrill of the
bargain hunt—from home. Shoppremiumoutlets.com is the virtual version of the country’s largest outlet company.
In someways, it’s even better than an in-person trip because you can shop by item or category and immediately see
what different retailers have in stock, rather than going store to store .
When to Shop
Not on Thanksgiving: Many stores that opened their doors on the holiday last year have announced that they
will be closed this year. One upside for shoppers is rock-bottom prices as some stores liquidate (清仓). The
downsides: They might not be around if you need to return something or use a gift card. In other words:
Bankruptcy buyers beware.
9．Which is the best time to send gifts?
A．October 30. B．December 9. C．December 15. D．December 24.
10．What can we learn about holiday shopping this year?
A．Shoppers can only buy items online.
B．Shopping on Thanksgiving is the best choice.
C．Popular products might sell out fast only in stores.
D．Shoppers may see a good price for an item right after Halloween.
11．Who will be most interested in this passage?
A．People who are money-less. B．People who like shopping at home.
C．People who are retailers. D．People who are fond of bargains.
4.（2023·湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）
One night in March, five years ago, during happy hour at a bar in my hometown, I made a surprise
announcement to my friends: I was going to shut down my law practice and attempt to travel around the globe in a
year. What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single advance reservation of any kind. My
announcement drew mixed reactions from my friends. Some offered support and encouragement, while others were
more doubtful.
Once I’d said the words, there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get
things in order. Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling without using planes was
not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12 months I planned) made
it even tougher. Even so, travelling overland was the most awe-inspiring way to truly understand the immensity of
our wonderful planet.I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s
southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. I would look out the windows for hours on end at the completely
unspoiled plains, as if humans had never touched it.
It took seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing, each day spent gazing out
the windows for hours as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Sometimes, I wouldn’t see a village or a human being
for 10 hours. Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand through the Panama
Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure.
It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city
on a bus with a backpack, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an
empty room was never much of a problem anywhere. It also kept me flexible and open about all my travel plans,
which is advice I give everyone who asks—plan far less than you think you should.
12．The author’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense of giving up his job B．it hardly cost him anything
C．he did not make advance booking or travel by air D．it was a global trip
13．The author most probably returned to the United States in .
A．June 2017 B．December 2018
C．October 2017 D．February 2018
14．What’s the correct order of the places that the author travelled to?
①Moscow ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buenos
A．⑤④①⑥③② B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③② D．⑤①⑥④③②
15．What does the author think of his around-the-world tour?
A．challenging but pleasing B．dangerous but wonderful
C．boring and disappointing D．costly and painful
5.（2023·辽宁大连·高三高中校考阶段练习）
When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Some pull
his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are
truly wild—wild monkeys to be exact.
Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist
hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism meanfewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael
Nyman's Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head.
But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument.
Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the
music as I was playing it.”
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special
protected areas. Barton hopes to raise people's awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hopes to
study their behavior as they react to classical music.
“Come together and don't let the pandemic stop the wild monkeys getting good nutritious food. We need to
make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-
old Barton.
16．Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?
A．To see the wild animals just being themselves. B．To study their behavior as they react to pop music.
C．To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger.D．To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
17．What kind of music does the musician play?
A．Contemporary music. B．Classical music.
C．Country music. D．Popular music.
18．What does the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer to ?
A．Stealing his music papers. B．Eating his music papers.
C．Disturbing his performance. D．Enjoying his playing
19．What can we infer from the text?
A．Wild monkeys like to play with the musician. B．People will start to protect the wild monkeys.
C．The COVID-19 has damaged much to the world. D．Music can make the wild animals more active.
6.（2023·吉林长春·高三校考阶段练习）
Japan's biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn't traveling at all. For the last month, a married
couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that's controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles
away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays
the daughter's face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she's really there.
“Virtual travel” is nothing new,of course.Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating thesenses of armchair tourists for centuries. It's only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available
to the non- wealthy.
Yet even as the world's middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs
of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release
much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for
alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these
trends.
Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn't plan to start selling Avatars until next
year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology
will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA's traditional travel business brought in more than
$19 billion last year.
But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical
distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA's robots may not replace its airplanes
any time soon, but they ll almost certainly be a part of travel's high-tech future.
20．Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot?
A．To show the Japanese are crazy about travel.
B．To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people's real life.
C．To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots.
D．To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter.
21．Which of the following is the possible reason for virtual travel's appearance?
A．Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries.
B．Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people.
C．People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines.
D．More and more people lose interest in travel.
22．What can we learn about Avatars from the last two paragraphs?
A．They will be put on the market soon.
B．They will bring ANA a lot of money,
C．They will replace ANA's airplanes soon.
D．They are almost unavoidable in travel's future.
23．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Your Next Travel May Be VirtualB．Easy Travel in the Future
C．Virtual Travel Benefits
D．Air Travel Disappearing
7.（2023·河南·校联考三模）
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，
the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
24．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.25．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
26．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
27．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
8.（2023·黑龙江·高三肇州第二中学校考开学考试）
Going green seems to be fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really
say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to be green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different
things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce
our energy, we had to think of 365 different things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to
educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all green things that
could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的)
stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have
given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no
chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office
anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green
and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planets.
28．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Going Green. B．Protecting the Planet.
C．Keeping Open-Minded D．Celebrating Our Green Year.
29．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because_________.
A．they were expected to follow the green fad
B．they didn’t know how to educate other peopleC．they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks
30．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B．They ignore others’ ungreen behavior.
C．They chose better chemical cleaners.
D．They sold their home-made food.
31．What can we infer form the last paragraph?
A．The government will give support to the green people.
B．The couple may continue their project in the future.
C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
9.（2023·北京·高三101中学校考阶段练习）
THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE
YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE
The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to
share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique
collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.
As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information
on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the
Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.
HERE TO HELP
Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the
information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to:
Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics
Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives
Lend you books and publications, even internationally
Give you online access: to our electronic documents
Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers
Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies
Join the academic community interested in Olympic studiesOne of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international
academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.
This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of
individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies.
Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic
knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to
universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.
Join our academic mailing list
University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our
future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description
of your academic status and your full contact details.
VISIT US
You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday,
9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the
study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our
collections, please fill out our visitor request form.
32．The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________.
A．give personalized guidance
B．provide resources on the Olympics
C．receive Olympic fans across the world
D．update information on Olympism for officials
33．What can be learned about the academic community?
A．It is organized by Olympic officials.
B．It launches projects at universities.
C．It promotes academic exchanges.
D．It provides electronic documents.
34．If you want to visit the center, you have to ________.
A．fill out a visitor request form B．enter the Olympic Museum
C．make an appointment D．arrive on workdays
10.（2023·上海·高三专题练习）
Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it apoint to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicised visits
to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane
Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not
otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising
funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in
poorer countries to attend school.
But in spite of these successes there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be
overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to
donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously thought. When shown a list of well-known
organisations and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity
with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way.
The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the
presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or
money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which
make a charity important to them.
In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their
main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a
particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems
to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible
explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are
the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might
actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent.
So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for
alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for
more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential.
This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really
matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
35．What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean?
A．Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
36．According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________.A．they gain benefit from the charities
B．they are forced to finish a necessary task
C．they believe in the famous people they like
D．they are inspired by the people around them
37．The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．what celebrities achieve in doing charities
B．How young people react to celebrity culture
C．why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities
D．who is to blame for taking attention away from charities
38．What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities?
A．Objective. B．Positive.
C．Negative. D．Unclear.
11.（2023·重庆·高三重庆八中校考开学考试）
When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on
the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at
his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his
dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry,
taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan
said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got
bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together
— both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time
they drove the 1. 5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the
planet: running the 1. 5 miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨
眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was
particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. “And Simon said, ‘Well then we’re going to
get wet!’ He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.”
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, NicoleSin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
39．What makes Simon different from his classmates?
A．Washing his clothes by himself. B．Taking many classes after school.
C．Raising strange questions in class. D．Taking green measures to protect the environment.
40．How did Simon usually go to school in second grade?
A．By car. B．By cycling. C．By running. D．By school bus.
41．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A．Simon has trouble with his eyesight. B．Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C．Simon is much tougher than expected. D．Simon didn’t get support from his father.
42．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Best Way to Go to School
B．Father and Son Run for the Environment
C．A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father
D．Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
12.（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中阶段练习）
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year
and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because
they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more
heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and
rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：
land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the
environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the
rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more
than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they
can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply
of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from
plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is
extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.43．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
44．What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain.
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C．People have a strong desire for resources.
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
45．It can be inferred from the text that
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
46．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How to Save Rainforests
B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment
D．Rainforests and Medical Development
13.（2023·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new
research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a
used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would
produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important
impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health
influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actualcigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that
were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals
commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions.
When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at
higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time,
especially in the heat.
47．What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?
A．They contain little nicotine.
B．They produce no nicotine five days later.
C．They give off nicotine for days.
D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
48．What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?
A．First-hand smoking does most harm.
B．The findings are within his expectation.
C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
49．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Puzzled.
50．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B．Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C．Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D．Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
14.（2023·四川成都·高三树德中学校考测试）
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme
sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.
But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the highelement of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he
would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a
behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young
age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were
upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re
up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in
the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the
height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy
said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were
in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are
many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many
athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try
doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what
you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to
adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,”
Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
51．By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A．extreme athletes must learn special skills
B．extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C．many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D．many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
52．What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?
A．They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B．They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C．They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D．They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.53．What main point is made in Paragraph 5?
A．Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B．Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C．Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D．A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
54．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B．those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C．extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D．taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
15.（2023·河南·许昌高三高中校考开学考试）
Your child is unique, but what all children have in common is natural curiosity and an ability to learn they are
born with. Our brains are active all the time, and a baby’s brain is the busiest of all. Research has shown that babies
begin to understand language about twice as fast as they actually speak it. By showing children other languages at
an early age, you are giving them the opportunity to make use of their natural ability to hear and recognize between
the sounds of other languages, and their ability to make sense of what they are hearing.
Communication is something that children do to help them achieve something else, and they are unaware of
the large amount of learning taking place. They take everything in through their senses, making connections
between what they hear, see, smell, taste and touch. As long as we provide the right conditions, their learning and
development will take place in a natural way.
In your child’s early years, the emotional environment is just as important as the physical environment.
Children learn when they feel safe, happy, valued and listened to. This is central to any learning experience in a
child’s early years, including learning an additional language. Your child has a trial-and-error approach to its
development, and making mistakes is a valuable part of the learning process. When children learn an additional
language at an early age, they get the benefits of experimenting with that language as a natural part of their
development. Their progress isn’t prevented by a fear of getting it wrong, and very young children are simply
working their way towards getting it right.
The long-term benefits of learning another language go beyond being able to communicate with others.
Studies suggest that children learning an additional language tend to score better on standardized tests because
learning languages develops listening, observation, problem-solving and critical (批判性的) thinking skills. Theseare skills that are of life-long benefit, both personally and professionally. Encouraging in children a love of
language at an early age prepares them well for school and for life.
55．What do we know about Children according to Paragraph 1?
A．Children are busy playing.
B．Children are born to speak.
C．Children are good at speaking native language.
D．Children have a better ability to learn other languages.
56．While learning a language, children __________.
A．speak to themselves B．need to have language classes
C．make use of their different senses D．notice how much they have learned
57．Children learn when they __________.
A．are in bad emotion B．do not make mistakes
C．learn from their mistakes D．are taught by their teachers
58．In fact learning another language helps children to _________.
A．take more tests
B．have a good time
C．encourage themselves
D．develop life-long skills
