2021长沙英语试卷+答案+解析(word整理版)_12.2026年4月全国各地高考模拟卷_2026版初中金考卷•45套中考试卷汇编系列合集_全国版中考真题(1)_各省市《历年中考真题》2013-2024(10)

年长沙市初中学业水平考试
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分20分)(略)
第二部分 阅读(共三节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列材料,从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Hotel Workers Wanted
Isabella Hotel is a top hotel in the center of Queensland. We􀆳re looking for
experienced waiters and waitresses. You are expected to work from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.
You should
be healthy
be well-dressed
be reliable(值得信赖的)
If you join us, you will get
$400 every week
all meals for free
a separate room
one free day every week
If you are interested in this job, you can write to jobhunt@scottoday.com.21.How
long should the workers at Isabella Hotel work in a day?
A.For three hours.B.For seven hours.
C.For eight hours.
22.What will Isabella Hotel provide for the workers?A.400 dollars a month.
B.Two free days a week.
C.All meals for free.
B
When we talk about the UK, what will you think of? Big Ben, Downing Street and
Tower Bridge are always our hot topics(话题). But there are many other facts about the
UK. Come and see!
the British Museum in London. Over six million people visit it every year. It is open from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. But on Friday, the
Wales and flows(流) through western England. It􀆳s well known for the Severn Bore—a tall wave(波浪) of water that regularly(定期地)
tasty, fruit and vegetables are healthy, and sandwiches are simple. Short of money? The cheapest food is fish and chips(炸鱼薯条). And
23.When can we visit the British Museum?
A.At 9:00 a.m., Monday.
B.At 10:30 a.m., Tuesday.
C.At 9:30 p.m., Friday.
24.What is the River Severn famous for?
A.Its tall wave of water.
B.Its beautiful riverbank.
C.Its deep river bed.
25.The reading material(材料) above is most probably .
A.a business plan B.a travel guide
C.a science report
C
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to
study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing
jobs they don􀆳t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?
In some parents􀆳 eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are
many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy
person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to
say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people
who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that
some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs,didn􀆳t do very well at school
or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who
are successful in life without finishing school. They seize(抓住) every chance to learn and
finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can􀆳t define(界定) a person􀆳s success
by just one section(部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning becausewhat you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are
still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don􀆳t take your school results too
seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of
your talents(天赋). That􀆳s how you can live a happy and successful life.
26.What􀆳s the writer􀆳s main purpose of writing Paragraph(段落) One?
A.To introduce a topic. B.To give examples.
C.To provide a solution.
27.In some parents􀆳 eyes, what􀆳s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph
Two?
A.Being happy. B.Staying healthy.
C.Getting good grades.
28.What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?
A.好学生B.神枪手C.大人物
29.According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer􀆳s idea?
A.It takes money to be successful.
B.School grades aren􀆳t everything.
C.Successful people never finish school.
30.What can we infer(推断) from the text?
A.Old habits die hard.
B.Learning is a lifelong journey.
C.Good grades always promise a successful life.
D
Martin Strel is a swimmer, best known for swimming the world􀆳s big rivers. He
was born in 1954. He taught himself to swim when he was six and became a
professional(职业的) swimmer in 1978. Martin holds Guinness World Records for
swimming the Danube River, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River and the Amazon
River.
Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim. The Amazon is
known as the largest and most dangerous river in the world. Several swimmers had tried
to swim it, but all failed. Martin decided to go all out and make history. He wanted to
show the world that people could achieve their dreams with hard work and
perseverance(毅力).
On April 7th, 2007, Martin Strel completed his Amazon River all the way from
Atalaya(Peru) to the Atlantic Ocean at Belem(Brazil). He struggled(奋战) with the river
for 66 days and swam 3,274 miles in total. He became a worldwide hero.Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far, so that is why they
sometimes describe him as “Fishman”, “Human Fish” or even “the Craziest Man in the
World”.
In 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary(纪录片) called Big River
Man. And the book, The Man Who Swam the Amazon, has been sold in many countries.
It tells us an inspirational story of perseverance and hard work, which has encouraged
many people.
Martin doesn􀆳t swim for money. Instead, he swims to teach people about the
importance of keeping water clean.
Martin has always been looking for the challenges(挑战)of the impossible. What is
his next?
31.How did Martin learn to swim when he was little?
A.By watching his partners.B.By learning from a coach.
C.By teaching himself.
32.What is Martin􀆳s greatest achievement so far?
A.Swimming the Yangtze River.
B.Swimming the Amazon River.
C.Swimming the Mississippi River.
33.What does the underlined word “inspirational” mean in Paragraph Five?
A.鼓舞人心的B.心灰意冷的C.栩栩如生的
34.According to the text, which is the purpose of Martin swimming the big rivers?
A.To make a lot of money for a good living.
B.To teach people the importance of keeping water clean.
C.To produce exciting documentaries and best-selling books.
35.What can be the best title(标题) of the text?
A.Swim for Fun
B.Challenge the Impossible
C.Fight for Jobs
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
Living with Less
These days, it seems that many people are trying to live more with less. They throw
away all the less-used things, or some things that are not necessary. They are discovering
the pleasure of spending their time and money on the things that matter most. 36 .
◆More free time
The more things you own, 37 . Just keep the things you use or enjoy. You􀆳ll be
surprised at how much time you􀆳ll have to do what you really want to do. Care for
fewer things, and spend more time with friends and family.
◆Money saved
As you stop buying things you don􀆳t need, your finances(经济状况) will be better.
38 . Learn to reward(奖励) yourself with rich experiences.
◆Changed values
39 . You will realize that things don􀆳t bring lasting happiness. True happiness
comes from making memories(回忆) with loved ones.Living simply lowers your stress(压力), betters your health and allows you to find
out what􀆳s important. Try to discover the peace and happiness this way of living can
bring. Don􀆳t wait for a holiday to start living simply. Start today, 40 .
A.and you will find that less is more
B.Here are some advantages of living simply
C.Once you break the habit, your values will change
D.the more time you will spend keeping them in order
E.You can save some money and take a special trip instead
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
As an exchange student, I studied in France for two years. The first time I took a class
in the chemistry lab, I was surprised to find that students were fully “armed”. Everyone
was wearing goggles(护目镜) and gloves. Safety comes first for science lab class.
My chemistry teacher Mrs. Louise usually gave us the instruction paper the night
before the lab class and let us read it. During the class, she first went over the steps and
then put us into groups of two to do the experiments(实验). What was special was that
for every lab class, Mrs. Louise changed everyone􀆳s lab partner to make them work with
different classmates.
The class was often filled with laughter and screams(尖叫). We once tried to burn
the chemicals and watch the colors of the flames(火焰). Different chemicals produced
different colors of flames,including bright orange and dark green. Many students in my
class were surprised. “Wow! That􀆳s so beautiful!” they screamed. Then they excitedly
took pictures, posted them online and sent them to their friends. Mrs. Louise didn􀆳t get
angry with us at all for our “noises”. She herself even took photos with us!
After finishing an experiment, we had to write a lab report. If we had a big mistake
in the experiment, we needed to analyze(分析) why it happened and what we should do
to avoid it next time. The lab reports were very important. They made up around 25% of
our term grade.
41.How did the writer feel when he first took the chemistry class in the lab?
42.Why did Mrs. Louise change everyone􀆳s lab partner in every lab class?
43.Was Mrs. Louise angry with the students for their “noises”?
44.What did the students have to do after finishing an experiment?
45.What do you think of Mrs. Louise􀆳s lab class?第三部分 语言运用(共三节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I looked at the words on the page. I knew how to say them, but my 46
wouldn􀆳t work. It was my first class in this new school, so nobody here knew me. My
teacher just asked me to read some text out loud. The whole class was waiting for me
47 . I could even hear my heartbeats.
I just sat there. Seconds passed. Some students started to 48 . “What􀆳s wrong
with her?” one boy said. “Maybe she can􀆳t read at all!” said another student.
“Just open your mouth and speak!” I told myself. I tried to get the words out. But
the first was always the 49 . The teacher was waiting. More of my classmates were
making fun of me. I wanted to hide under my desk. I soon felt tears(眼泪) running
down...
I often faced situations like this during my grade school. 50 ? I had a
stuttering(结巴) problem. Because of this, I often felt embarrassed(尴尬的) at school.
Thankfully, I met a great teacher, Mrs. Brown. She never 51 me when I was
trying to talk. She helped me to relax when I was speaking, and would always wait 52
for me to finish my sentences.
Mrs. Brown offered me the most encouragement. She always let me know that my
stuttering problem didn􀆳t mean I wasn􀆳t smart. She said, “Your brain is moving too
fast, and your mouth just can􀆳t keep up!” Those simple words made me feel 53 and
encouraged.
Great changes happened to me. When I entered high school, I almost 54
stuttering. In college, I had no trouble at all. As a child, I never imagined that I would
become a 55 just like Mrs. Brown, passing love and care on to my students.
46.A.eyesB.hands C.mouth
47.A.noisily B.silentlyC.proudly
48.A.suggest B.encourage C.laugh
49.A.hardest B.easiest C.funniest
50.A.What B.Why C.Where
51.A.praised B.rushed C.comforted
52.A.sadly B.angrilyC.patiently
53.A.loved B.hated C.refused
54.A.started B.stopped C.doubled
55.A.student B.manager C.teacher
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry is 56 American businessman. One day, when he was sailing(航行) on a
boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind. 57 (luck),
he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound(开往伦敦的) ship. So he 58
(land) in London by accident. Alone and 59 (hunger), he walked on the streets of the
city. Unexpectedly, he 60 (call) into a big house. There two rich 61 (brother),
Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told 62 (he) not to open it until twoo􀆳clock of the day. Henry didn􀆳t know it was a million-pound(百万英镑) bank note. He
left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was
impolite and impatient to him. Why? 63 he was in rags(衣衫褴褛) and looked dirty.
Then, 64 everyone􀆳s surprise, he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to
pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and
tried their best 65 (please) Henry. Don􀆳t you think it􀆳s the most unbelievable story
in the world?
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,将画线部分译成英文或中文。
Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk(民间的) dance. The performers(表演者) dance
to music with handkerchiefs(手帕) or fans in their hands. 66. It􀆳s a very popular festival
activity in north China .
Yangge may have different forms from place to place, but all of them express
happiness. 67.很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women.
Some are even old ladies. Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge
teams. 68. They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year .
During the Spring Festival, the yangge teams pay New Year􀆳s calls from house to
house.
69. They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets . Some
young men often play the drums, and the performers wave red silk bands(挥舞红绸带).
People set off firecrackers(鞭炮) to welcome the dancers. 70. 他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物 。
The sounds of songs, drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares, and it has
developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
第四部分 写作(满分15分)
71.最近,你班召开了一次以“What Are Good Parents Like?”为主题的班会。请你综合以下
同学的观点,并发表你自己的看法,写一篇短文,向学校校刊投稿。
要求:(1)80词左右(标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)文中不得出现真实人名和校名。What Are Good Parents Like?
Recently we have had a lively discussion about what good parents are like. Different
students have different ideas.
26 2021年长沙市初中学业水平考试(参考答案)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B A B A C C B B
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C B A B B B D E C A
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
C B C A B B C A B C
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文,文章是Isabella酒店的一则招聘广告。
21.C 细节理解题。根据文章中关于工作时间的描述You are expected to work from 7
a.m. to 3 p.m.可知,工作人员每天工作时间为8个小时,故选C。
22.C 细节理解题。根据文章中关于工作人员待遇的描述all meals for free可知,选C。
B
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文,文章介绍了英国的两个著名景点及英国著名的美食。
23.B 细节理解题。根据第一行表格里的有关信息It is open from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00
p.m. But on Friday, the closing time is 8:30 p.m.可知,周二上午10:30可以参观大英博物
馆,故选B。
24.A 细节理解题。根据第二行表格里的有关信息It􀆳s well known for the Severn Bore—
a tall wave of water可知,塞文河因为浪高而出名,故选A。
25.B 推理判断题。本文介绍了英国的两个著名景点及英国著名的美食,很可能是一个旅游
指南,故选B。
C
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文,作者认为我们是否幸福和成功并不只取决于在校成绩,而是
需要我们在生活中不断地学习去提升自我,因为学习是一辈子的事。
26.A 主旨大意题。本段话的主要目的是引出一个话题:好的在校成绩能决定一个人最终的
幸福和成功吗? 故选A。
27.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In some parents􀆳 eyes, school grades matter most
for their kids.可知,在一些父母眼中,成绩对孩子来说是最重要的,故选C。28.C 词义猜测题。前一句提到了Thomas Edison和Steve Jobs, 来说明学校成绩不好不代
表不会成功。画线部分所在句表示“事实上,并不是只有这些big shots才属于这种情况”,
由此可知,这里的big shots 指的就是前面提到的名人,也就是大人物,故选C。
29.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者认为一个人是否幸福和成功并不只取决于他/她的在
校成绩,也就是说成绩并不代表一切,所以B选项和作者的观点一致,故选B。
30.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者认为我们是否幸福和成功并不仅仅取决于我们的在
校成绩,而是需要我们在生活中不断地学习,不断去提升自我,由此可知,作者认为学习是终身
的事情,故选B。
D
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述Martin Strel从小喜欢游泳,他通过自己的坚持和
努力征服了世界上很多河流,特别是当他征服亚马孙河后,更是闻名遐迩,成了人们心目中的
英雄。他的事迹被制作成了纪录片,也被写进了书里,这些书销往世界各地,他的精神鼓舞了
很多人。
31.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的He taught himself to swim when he was six可知,他通
过自学学会了游泳,故选C。
32.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Of all his achievements, the greatest is his
Amazon River swim.可知,目前他最大的成就是成功游过亚马孙河,故选B。
33.A 词义猜测题。根据后面的which has encouraged many people可知,他的事迹是鼓舞
人心的,故选A。
34.B 细节理解题。根据第六段Martin doesn􀆳t swim for money. Instead, he swims to
teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.可知,他游泳不是为了钱,而是教
育人们保持水清洁的重要性, 故选B。
35.B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,Martin一直在挑战不可能的事。故选B。
第二节
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,文章向我们介绍了几种简约生活的优点。
36.B 结合前一句和下文内容可知, 此处承上启下,引出下文内容,故选B。
37.D 根据本段的小标题More free time可知,此处与time有关,再结合比较级的特殊结构
“the+比较级,the+比较级”可知,D项中的the more time和本空前面的The more things相
对应,故选D。
38.E 根据本段的小标题Money saved可知,此处应该与省钱有关,因此E选项提到的You
can save some money与本段的主题相对应,故选E。
39.C 本段的小标题为Changed values, 而C选项中your values will change与之相对应,故
选C。
40.A 文章最后号召我们Start today,A选项不仅在结构上与start today相对应,而且与本文
的主题living with less相对应,故选A。
第三节
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者在法国做交换生时上化学实验课的情景。
41.He was surprised. 根据第一段第二句可知答案。
42.Because she wanted to make the students work with different classmates. 根据第二段
最后一句可知答案。
43.No./No, she wasn􀆳t. 根据第三段倒数第二句可知答案。
44.They had to write a lab report. 根据第四段第一句可知答案。
45.It􀆳s special and interesting/surprising/educational. (最好答2点) 根据文中对路易丝老师
的化学实验课的描写,可知路易丝老师的化学实验课非常有趣、特别,学生们能学到很多东西。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者因为结巴问题经常受到同学们的嘲笑,作者
感到非常苦恼和自卑,但幸运的是,作者遇到了布朗老师。在布朗老师的鼓励和帮助下,作者
不仅克服了结巴问题,而且也做了一名老师。
46.C 本题考查名词。根据下文可知,作者从小结巴,故此处应是“张不开嘴”,故选C。
47.B 本题考查副词。根据下一句I could even hear my heartbeats.可知,全班都在静静地
等着我(读课文),故选B。
48.C 本题考查动词。上文提到我因为结巴没有读课文,下文提到同学们的议论,由此可知,
有些同学开始嘲笑我,故选C。49.A 本题考查形容词。根据上文可知,作者尝试开口读,但还是不成功。本句表达的意思是
“万事开头难”,故选A。
50.B 本题考查疑问副词。后一句I had a stuttering problem.解释原因,故此处选B。
51.B 本题考查动词。根据上下文可知,布朗老师是一个非常好的老师,她对我非常有耐心,
从不催促我,故选B。
52.C 本题考查副词。根据前面的She helped me to relax when I was speaking可知,布朗
老师在我发言的时候会帮我放松,由此可知,她非常有耐心,故选C。
53.A 本题考查过去分词。根据前一句She said, “Your brain is moving too fast, and your
mouth just can􀆳t keep up!”可知,布朗老师一直在安慰我,鼓励我,她的话让我有被爱的感觉,
故选A。
54.B 本题考查动词。根据上文可知,作者在布朗老师的鼓励和帮助下,慢慢克服了结巴问题,
进入高中后就几乎不再结巴了,stop stuttering停止结巴,故选B。
55.C 本题考查名词。 根据空后的just like Mrs. Brown可知,作者后来也做了一名像布朗
老师一样的老师,故选C。
第二节
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国商人亨利因为一次海上事故,变得身无分
文,衣衫褴褛。当他进入一家餐馆就餐时,每个人都看不起他,但当他拿出两个富人兄弟给他
的百万英镑时,饭店里所有的人都立刻对他肃然起敬。
56.an 本题考查冠词。此处表泛指,设空处应用不定冠词,American为以元音音素开头的单
词,故填an。
57.Luckily 本题考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,位于句首,单词的首字母大写,故填Luckily。
58.landed 本题考查时态。本文属于故事题材,主体时态为一般过去时,故填landed。
59.hungry 本题考查形容词。设空处与形容词alone并列,所以此空也应该用形容词,故填
hungry。
60.was called 本题考查时态和被动语态。根据语境可知,他被叫进一所大房子,主语he和
call之间存在被动关系,谓语应用被动语态,时态为一般过去时,故填was called。
61.brothers 本题考查名词。根据空前的基数词two可知,brother应该用复数形式,故填
brothers。
62.him 本题考查代词。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事,设空处作tell的宾语,要
用宾格,故填him。
63.Because 本题考查连词。根据空前的疑问副词Why及此处位于句首可知,填Because。
64.to 本题考查介词。to one􀆳s surprise意思是“令某人惊讶的是”,为固定短语,故填to。
65.to please 本题考查非谓语动词。try one􀆳s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事,故填
to please。
第三节
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了中国传统民间舞蹈——秧歌。
66.它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节日活动。
67.Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much.
68.甚至在中国新年前一个月, 他们就开始准备秧歌了。
69.他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。
70.They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves./They invite performers
to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves./They invite performers to taste/try
self-made/home-made food.
第四部分 写作
71.写作提示
1.体裁:说明文;
2.主体时态:一般现在时;
3.观点要清晰。
参考范文
What Are Good Parents Like?
Recently we have had a lively discussion about what good parents are like. Different
students have different ideas. Sam thinks good parents are understanding. They never push
us too hard when we get poor grades. Bob says good parents always bring out the best
in us. Ann agrees that good parents are like stars in the sky. Sometimes we can􀆳t see
them, but they are always there.In my opinion, good parents should be good teachers as well as good friends of us.
They should also set good examples for us.