读后续写原文的叙事分析
【要点释义】
一、语类、语体与语篇
【原理分析】
语类就是使用语言时所采取的被社会认可的方式。语类是语言表达的意义形式，这种
意义形式形成语篇。在特定的语境中展开交际的一段话语，根据交际目的自然地归属于同
一话语类型，在特定的文化语境中，这种话语类型具有一定的典型性，重复出现并被社会
普遍认可，形成某种语类。带有特定交际意图的语类，进而形成不同的语篇。语类的分析
框架如下：
图：语类的分析框架
语体是适应不同交际领域、目的、内容的需要在运用全民语言的言语行为中形成的语
言特点体系。就一定时期的语言特点来看，语体是相对稳定的。它是某类语言特点的综合具有规约性的特点。语体在语音、词汇、语法和句式等方面的特点是静态直观的，某个言
语社团的人可以从中挑选符合情景语境的语言特点，从而呈现某种语体特色。同时，语体
也具有开放性。语体随社会分工的变化而分化，在保持相对稳定性的同时，处于不断发展
的状态中。语体有渗透和交融现象，这会促进中间语体的形成。语体间的渗透并不改变原
始语体的属性，而语体间的融合则形成了新的语体类型。
语体研究的基本单位是各种语言实现形式，即语音、词汇、语法和句式等，而语类研
究的基本单位是“话语”，即有系统的、有目的性的话语。语体和语类都是属于语言层面
的。语体是话语交际的外在形式，语类是实现话语的意义方式。语体的表现特征是各种语
言形式，那些带有非语言特征的语类形式可以转而用语言特征来表现，但这就形成了不同
的语类，它们所蕴含的意义也会改变。语言是连接语类与语体的中介，语体关联的是具体
的语言表达形式，而语类关联的是语言形式的意义类型，它外在表现为一系列的实体特征
最终由语音和文字来体现。
语体和语类处于不同的地位，语体建立在语类之上，在更高的层面上运用语言，而语
类是对语体的细分，是对“言语”层的运用。语体与语类之间呈现一种交叉分布的状态。
语体在更高的层面上实现了对语类的宏观分类，具有共同语言特点的语类归属于同一语体
它们在彰显共性的同时，又突显了作为语类的个体性特征，从微观的层面上表现了语言的
不同意义形式。
【续写分析】
交际目的决定着语类的存在，形成了某类语篇的“图式结构 (即开头—中间—结尾)”，
影响了语篇的内容和语言风格的选择。《普通高中英语课程标准》 提出记叙文和说明文
语篇的主要写作目的包括再现经历传递信息、说明事实、想象创作。高中英语读后续写语
料多为故事语类。故事语类紧密地融入了日常生活之中，在社会团体中被用来解释生活的
构成和节奏、评估人物彼此的行为，也被用来教育我们的孩子，并起到娱乐的作用。根据
事件是否按时间顺序组织、主人公是否遇到曲折、曲折是否得以解决，以及主人公的反应
故事语类可以细分为讲述文、叙事文、观察文、说教文和轶事文。
表1：高考读后续写故事语篇的目的分析1
2021 年1月浙江卷讲述作者在万圣节将挖空南瓜套头上取不下来遇险的故事。
2020 年7月浙江卷卷讲述了一对夫妻在加拿大遇到北极熊遇险的故事。
2018 年6月浙江卷讲述了爸爸带儿子去朋友家农场附近 游玩迷路遇险的故事。
2017 年6月浙江卷讲述了和朋友一起骑车游玩， 野外遇 狼的遇险故事。2016 年10月浙江卷讲述了野外露营中因为吵架，妻子另寻营地过程中迷路遇险的故
事。
以上五篇故事语篇都再现了故事主人公遭遇险境的经历，情况危急，冲突明显，属于
纯故事无主题语篇，凸显故事冲突而不是某一特定主题。
表2：高考读后续写故事语篇的目的分析2
2020 年7月山东卷讲述妈妈和自己的孩子们帮助困难家 庭的故事，歌颂了乐于助人
的行为和精神，反映了人物品质。
2020 年1月浙江卷讲述了宠物狗 Poppy 与男孩分别又重 逢的故事，体现了人类和宠
物的深厚情感。
2017 年 11 月浙江卷讲述了妈妈一次旅途中几次健忘事件，体现妈妈忘事、甜美可爱
的形象以及家庭的温暖和和谐。
以上三篇故事语篇属于有主题故事语篇， 通过对所发生的事件的讲述和经历的再现，
实现主题的表达。
语类是语言使用者共同遵守的、程式化的社会交往工具，具有常规性、重复性和习惯
性，其基本原则不能被随意更改。语篇的结构是有条理、上下连贯、前后一致的有机的语
言整体。较大的语篇通常都有开头、中间、结尾等部分。不同语体的语篇通常用不同的结
构形式表示开头、中间、结尾等部分。其实，即便是同一种语类，也可能有一些语篇结构
的差异。因此，高考读后续写故事语篇结构也表现出一定的程式性：
表3：读后续写中的纯故事语篇结构
（1）2021 年1月浙江卷所给材料讲述万圣节将镂空南瓜套头上取不下来遇险的故事。
续写第二段段首句写这件事被视频录下来并发布网上， 反推续写第一段应该讲述南瓜最
终取下， 冲突得到解决。
（2）2020 年7月浙江卷所给材料讲述拍摄熊遇袭，续写第二 段首句讲述危机时刻，
救援直升机来了，出现转机， 情节下 降， 预示故事冲突即将得到解决。
（3）2017 年6月卷所给材料讲述骑行遇狼的故事。 续写第二段段首句讲述当狼要
扑上来的时候一辆车停在人与狼的中间， 出现转机， 情节下降， 预示故事冲突即将得
到解决。
（4）2018 年6月浙江卷所给材料讲述在叔叔家农场附近骑马迷路的故事。 续写第
二段起始句叙述了我们不知道自己在哪 里而且天黑下来了， 仅仅通过段首句不能推断最
终是否找到回去的路。 但是原文中 I spent a night in the guest room of the farm houselistening to the frogs and river rolling down 暗示找到河流就可以沿着河流找到回去的路。
（5）2016 年10月浙江卷所给材料讲在述森林迷路获救的故事。 续写第二段首句叙
述了当 Jane 醒来时天破晓了，不能推 断 Jane 是否找到回去的路，但是前文Jane began
to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake 暗示可以沿着溪流寻找湖面。
（1）~（3）这三篇纯故事语篇要么通过第二段段首句反推在续写第一段冲突得到解决，
要么续写第二段首句预示故事冲突即 将得到解决，其语篇结构模式可以概括为 “介绍---
发展----冲突---解决---结局”。
（4）~（5）这两篇纯故事语篇不能通过续写段落所给的首句推断 故事冲突是否得到
解决，但原文留下了问题解决的线索。遵循故事发展与原文逻辑衔接的原则，考生发展故
事情节应当结合原文， 推断冲突解决的合理途径。
表4：有主题故事语篇结构
（6）2020 年7月山东卷所给材料讲述自己在热心肠妈妈的引导下帮助有困难小男孩
的故事。
（7）2020 年1月浙江卷所给材料 讲述男孩家人帮助宠物狗适应小男孩不在家期间的
努力以及 宠物狗的反应。
（8）2017 年11月浙江卷所给材料记叙一次旅途中发生的一系列因妈妈忘事引发的
事件。
（6）~（8）这三篇故事属于有主题故事语篇， 通过对事件的讲述凸显主题。 情节发
展冲突性不强， 讲述按照事件发展的前后顺序展开， 因此以上三篇故事语篇结构可以概
括为“指向---进展---结局”。
二、原文语篇的风格及解读
风格是指能够引发读者的持久审美享受的、作者的创作个性在作品中的有机整体中所
显现出来的基本特色。作者的创作个性很大程度上体现在其对语言的选择与组合上，包括
对词汇、语法结构、修辞等的选择。风格的构建依靠语言符号手段（语音、词汇、语法）
和非语言符号手段（修辞、语体、文字标点、图表符号、篇章结构等）。语言风格是因语
言表达方式、美学效果等的不同而形成的一种语言风貌和格调；语体风格是在特定的交际
领域中语言社会功能变体所呈现的一种语言风貌和格调。语体风格是语言风格的一部分。
就语体功能而言，一个语篇的语体风格往往具有整体性，同一语篇单位里的每个语体要素
都要指向同一语体类型才有统一的语体风格与效果。
【语体与风格】
语体与风格的生存基础不同。语体的生存基础是语言运用的功能域。域场的性质决定体的类属。风格生存的基础是语体，语体所辖的具体语篇 是风格得以生成、存在的根基是
风格赖以生存的物 质基础没有语体就没有风格。风格则是附着在语体之上的美学形态对语
体的具体语篇起着一种修饰作用。这种修饰作用可以是正向的也可以是负向。
语体与风格在物化程度上存在着差别。语体的物化程度远高于风格，其物质上可把握
的形式标记使其具有可复制性、可重复性和可预测性。正因为其具有这三性才为语言运用
提供了广阔的空间人们才有可能以相同的语用模式创造出无限的语篇。而风格则不然，因
其物化程度较低无论从表达者或接受者的角度看都存在着个体的差异性。
语体对于言语社群具有公众的规约功能，凡处在同一个言语社群的成员，一旦进入特
定的交际领域就必须遵守约定俗成的语体模型进行交际。而风格对于语用者来讲却疏于这
种公众的规约性，它允许个体在语言运用中，充分发挥主观上的能动作用，创造出个性各
异的风格。
【风格与续写】
风格不仅反映在原文的语言形式上，如词汇选择、语法选择或修辞的使用等，还体现
在原文的思想观点、主题及语气等这些隐形的因素上。例如，在下面这篇读后续写任务中
原文的首句“A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one
day”中的“a funny thing”已经奠定了本文的欢快、幽默或轻松等文章表述风格，因此在
对文章结尾部分的续写中，我们也应考虑这种风格，这样才能在使原文的故事有个结局的
同时，在语篇的形式与内涵方面也实现连贯性。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked
along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a
car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at
the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got
a problem,” Arthur said.
“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two
suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble,
you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on
the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and startedwalking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.
It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the
alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers
joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone
had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young
woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me
like that?” He thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another
thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop,stop!”
Paragraph 2:
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur...
（材料来源：教育部考试中心.2015.普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明
[M].北京：高等教育出版社）
分析原文的风格必须从反复研读原文、并进而弄懂原文的语言表层含义和深层意蕴，
进一步领会其文化、艺术意境，感受其风格特征。因此，在续写结尾的过程中，除了要把
握记叙文这一语言表述风格之外，我们还要把握原文作者对语体的选择。在很大程度上，
除了保证续写的语言的规范性外，我们还需要在续写中保留原文的语体风格。例如，我们
可以从原文中的作者的语言表达的选择，推测出原文的风格与基调：表5：语言表述的风格分析举例
语言符号手段 原文所用材料列举 功能 对续写的影响
语音 例如，作者对一些形容词的选 (1)组发音比较短，给人以欢 在结尾的续写中，
用：（1）funny,big, young, loud； 快的感觉，（2）组发音低 需要交代最终故事
（ 2 ） worried, afraid, surprised, 沉，暗示了这个故事中人物 中的人物的心理变
frightened 的心理是比较沉闷的 化
词汇 例如，Arthur与那位年轻人的对话 这些纯口语化的表述，正好 越是平常的开场形
中 的 用 语 ： you’ve got a 与原文第一句中的“a funny 式，则越是需要一
problem/I’m in a big hurry/get these thing”相统一，因为这些话 个不平常的结尾，
suitcases into a car/No trouble at 语的选用让外人看来，故事 这 样 才 能 凸 显
all/I’d be glad to help 的开始及其发展都是日常生 “funny”的意味
活中非常常见的现象
语法 例如，表达 Arthur内心变化的两 原文用直接引语的形式突显 结尾部分必然要交
个感叹句：The suitcase! She thinks 了语篇的主人公的恍然大悟 代 Arthur 在 “ 醒
I’m the bank thief! 之意。 悟”之后该如何脱
身
三、原文的叙事结构与视角
叙事研究关注的是故事在叙事时的技巧，即故事是“如何写的”而不是“写了什么”。
叙事结构要素主要包括：（1）叙述者：叙述者与作者不同，作者是写故事的人，叙事者是
指说故事的人，这两者是有区别的。（2）叙事视角：即有谁来看待这个故事情节的发展---
作者在写故事时，一定会选择一个角度切入，从这个角度来观察事件的起因、经过、发展
和结果，并带有自身的情感因素，使得读者在阅读时跟谁着他们的角度去了解整个事件。
（3）叙事节奏： 故事文本中包含两种时间，即事件时间与叙述时间。常见的叙事节奏包
括概述、扩述、省略等。（4）叙事时序：一篇故事通常包含两种时序，一个是事件发生的
顺序，一般是由事件发生的原因、事件发生的经过、事件发生的结果构成，基本不会出现
颠倒的情况。另一个是故事叙述的顺序，可以与事件发生的顺序不相一致。
【结构与叙事】
通过结构分析来把握叙事的主题与意义是叙事分析模式的重要贡献。构建叙事分析模
式旨在为重建叙事文本的深层结构意义提供方法上的指导，这种研究不再从某个具体故事
出发，而是关注研究故事的结构特征，由此突出故事自身的抽象性质。常见的故事叙述模
式结构如下：
表6：故事语篇的叙事结构
（1） 故事山 (Story Mountain) 模式： 介绍--- 发展---冲突---解决---结尾。
（2）叙述图示 (Narration Schema) 模式： 引子---情节---高潮---尾声。
（3） 拉波夫 (Labov) 模式：点题---指向 ---进展---评议--- 结局---回应 (coda)
拉波夫结构模式中进展是故事按时间先后顺序的呈现，回答先发生了什么，后发生了什么，故事随着时间的推移不断地演变， 呈现出线性结构，让读者有一条清晰可循的思路
显然， 拉波夫结构模式中的进展部分概括了故事山结构模式中的“发展---冲突---解决”
以及叙述图式结构模式中的 “情节---高潮”，不同的是故事山结构模式和叙述图示结构
模式更强调冲突或者高潮，能更好解释纯故事语篇的结构程式性特征。 相较于叙述图式结
构模式， 故事山结构模式更加强调冲突的解决，更加适合解释冲突得以解决的故事语篇的
结构程式性特征。 因此以上三种结构模式分别适合解释不同类型故事语篇的叙事结构程式。
语篇的事件的发展是沿着一定的叙述结构与叙述角度展开的。特别是记叙类的文章，
作者在语篇中一定事先设定好叙述的视角，即站在谁的角度进行叙述。
表7：故事情节的叙述视角
从内部分析的实践 从外部观察的事件
叙述者作为人物在情节中 视角1：主人公自己讲述故事 视角2：见证人讲述主
出现 人公的故事
叙述者不是人物，不在情 视角3：心理分析，或人所不知的 视角4：作者从外部讲
节中出现 作者讲述故事 故事
【进程与续写】
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once upon a time, there was a beautiful town and a couple of lovers would often stay on the
top of the mountain, enjoying the sunrise and by the sea appreciating the sunset. Everyone who
knew them couldn’t help envying them for their happy love.
One day the man was seriously injured and lying in hospital for many days without any
consciousness. The woman guarded him by the bed in daytime calling his name nonstop and at
night, she would go to the church and pray to God until her tears ran out. A month passed by and
the man was still sleeping. Finally, God was so moved by her persistence that he would like to do
her a special favor.
God said, “I can help your lover recover on condition that you promise to be a butterfly for
three years. Do you agree with that deal?”She said excitedly and firmly, “Yes, I do! Never will I
regret doing that.”
The next day, the woman was transformed into a butterfly, flying hurriedly to the hospital.
It turned out that the man came to his consciousness and woke up, talking with a doctor.She could
not hear what they were talking about because she couldn’t fly into the room. What she could do
was to watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.
Another spring came and the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man, only to findthat there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that moment she was so shocked that she almost
fell down from the sky. She could hardly believe her eyes. It was said that the man was seriously
ill during Christmas and that that pretty female doctor took care of him and that finally they fell
in sweet love. The butterfly felt heartbroken. In the following days, she often saw the man take
the woman to the top mountain to enjoy the sunrise and to the seaside to appreciate the sunset. All
these should have belonged to her. But now they belonged to another woman.
注意：
1. 所续写的短文词数应为 150 左右；
3. 续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
The butterfly could do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on.
Paragraph 2:
God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly,
叙事进程分析及拓展策略举例：
1.定位故事主题，寻找点题主线
点题是文章作者在叙事之前对要讲的内容进行简短的 概述，会告诉读者到底发生了什
么故事。点题不仅能使文章中心突出，主题鲜明，而且能给读者留下深刻的印象。在上述
读后续写中，学生经过阅读能很快就能判断点题出现在文章的第一段并可能将其概括为：
Once upon a time,there was a couple of lovers whose love was envied by everyone who knew
them. 通过锁定文章的点题，学生就知道了作者要讲述的是一对恋人之间的爱情故事，从
而对语篇的整体概貌有了初步的整体感知。
2.分析叙事成分，明确目的指向
指向是叙事者对时间、地点、人物、活动或情景等故事 要素的交代。有时指向的部分
要素会连同点 题出现在文章的首段或首句。课堂教学中，教师要引导学生找出故事里所涉
猎到的各种要素。例如，上述续写中，故事中出现的人物有一对恋人、一位女医生和上帝
时间是很久以前；地点是在一个漂亮的小镇上；背景是男恋人病重后在医院住院看病。 指
向将故事的基本要素逐一呈现，能让学生对事件形成画面感和代入感，有利于他们对故事
的理解和体会。因此，厘清这些要素对于把握故事的发展走向具有 重大的作用。
3.推敲故事进展，推测发展方向进展是指故事中的情节是如何向前推进的，是决定故事精彩与否的最重要因素，是叙
事语篇的核心部分。例如，上述续写中表示进展部分的关键语句及其发展顺序：男恋人生
病住院寅女恋人日夜陪在身边寅女恋人 去教堂向上帝祈祷寅男恋人依然昏迷不醒寅上帝提
供帮 助寅女恋人变成蝴蝶寅男恋人恢复意识并清醒过来寅男恋人和女医生相爱了寅男恋人
带女医生去欣赏日出日落寅蝴 蝶心碎不已。通过分析故事的进展，可以看到情节不断地向
前发展演进，学生对于文章的理解也更加深入透彻。
4.感受叙事评议，合理拓展情感
评议是叙事者或者故事中相关的人物对事件的看法、态度和心理，包含对故事的起因、
结果以及过程中事件要点的评议。语篇的第四段有一处评议：“What she could do was to
watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.”作者用 helplessly 一词表现了蝴蝶对于不
能靠近自己为之祈祷守护的男恋人的百般无奈。第五段也有一处评议：“Another spring
came and the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man, only to find that there was a
pretty lady standing by him. At that moment she was so shocked that she almost fell down from
the sky. She could hardly believe her eyes.”作者用 only to find 这一短语表达了蝴蝶发现男恋
人已结新欢后的那种意外和天塌下来一样的绝望。分析故事中的评议，有助于学生感受主
人公的内心世界，理解作者的写作意图。
5.合理设置情节，推动故事进展
根据续写第一段首句 “The butterfly could do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off
and on. ”引导学生进行思考，听到曾经的挚爱和别人欢声笑语、莺燕呢喃，蝴蝶会做何感
想？蝴蝶是为了男恋人才变成现在的自己，而男恋人却爱上了别人。蝴蝶本身微小无力，
不能讲话，她是独自默默忍受这一切痛苦还是通过抗争来夺回自己的挚爱呢？因此续写第
一段，学生可以通过心理描写和动作描写把蝴蝶的内心矛盾淋漓尽致地展现出来，也可以
把蝴蝶勇敢夺爱的过程写出来，从而将原文的进展推向高潮。
6.基于叙述视角，合理设置结局
结局是指故事发展到最后是怎样的一个结果。它是对故事核心矛盾的一个交代，标志
着叙事的结束，包含人物的下场、目的的实现或失败。在续写尾段中，学生应该根据情节
发展创造出合情合理的结局，解决故事中 出现的主要矛盾。而回应是叙事者通过所述故事
揭示出一定的道理，是对故事主题的升华。为了使读者或听众对故事有一个完整的了解，
叙事者往往在故事的结尾用一两句话照应主题。但是有时候，叙事者会把故事的 意义留给
读者自己去体会和思考，因此并不是所有的记叙 文都有回应这一要素，学生可以根据自己的情况来选择写 或不写。续写尾段首句是 God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly,“Do
you regret for what you have done?”上帝看到蝴蝶悲伤欲绝、萎靡不振的状态，也感叹地问
她是否后悔为男恋人所做的一切？那么结局到底怎么设定呢？后悔还是不后悔？学生可以
进行头脑风暴，发挥想象，只要能自圆其说即可。
【提升练习】
1．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was still light outside and Dad wasn’t home yet. Mom told us we needed to wait for
dinner so all of us could eat together. I didn’t mind. Dad worked all day cleaning pools and if he
was late, it meant I could spend more time outside playing basketball with my brother.
Dad played basketball in an old-fashioned way. He always used two hands to hold the ball
and he was always careful to line up his body with the basket. Each of his shots is perfectly
measured so that the ball drops cleanly through the hoop (篮框). A few years before, when there
had been more money to spend, Dad had bought us a backboard and a hoop and had set up a tall
metal pole on the side of the driveway. It was primitive, but still, we could imagine it as a
basketball court.
We would play basketball all day if Mom let us. We practiced all sorts of shots and tried to
sharpen our skills by cutting around each other, sending the ball through each other’s legs and
passing it behind our backs. It felt like magic holding a ball, aiming at the basket, sending it into
the air and waiting for it to drop into the basket—all the problems of the world seemed to fade
away.
Lately Dad didn’t see magic anywhere. He’d lost more customers to job losses. Many of
Dad’s customers who had lost their jobs told him they couldn’t afford to pay Dad to clean their
pools anymore. I could tell Dad was worried each night.
I squeezed past my brother to put in another layup (带球上篮). That was when I heard Dad
arriving home. “Hey, guys!” Dad said as he got out of the car. His shoulders slumped forward with
tiredness. It was early and there was still a lot of light left in the sky. In the fading rays of the sun,
the light revealed a lot more wrinkles on my Dad’s face than I remembered.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。I thought maybe I can cheer him up.
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It was almost too dark to see the ball and the dinner was ready.
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2．（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写内段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I stood in the door of our flower shop, watching the staff work on arrangements and talk
with customers. Among the employees was Emily, my 25-year-old daughter. Together, my friend
Colleen and I had truly created an amazing space.
I first met Colleen 15 years ago, at an event for the Chester County Down Syndrome (唐氏
综合症) Interest Group, right after her daughter, Katie, was born. The group helped other families
like ours navigate the life of having a child with Down syndrome. “It’s such a challenge to help
our daughters find jobs,” I said to Colleen one day. She agreed. When we learned that only 20
percent of adults with special needs have jobs that pay a typical wage, we were determined to
make a difference. And not just for Emily and Katie.
In January 2021, we were approached by an organization that owned a flower shop, hoping
we could use it to further our goal. It was a dream come true. We created the Kati Mac Education
Foundation and reopened the shop as a nonprofit. Ten out of our 14 employees have special
needs. Colleen and I spent days planning, ensuring that our shop was a learning space for our
employees. We provided them with the training they needed, not just in floristry (花艺) but in
essential life skills — communication, money management, and customer service. Our dream was
slowly turning into reality, with Emily and Katie leading the charge.As I watched the busy flower shop around me, I listened to the spirit-lifting playlist Emily
had picked out herself. She greeted customers and answered their questions, while Katie worked
with her mom to create a wonderful arrangement for a customer’s special occasion. The aroma (芳
香) of roses, peonies and lilies was heavenly, but it was our employees who made the flower shop
a place for angels.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Suddenly, the bell above the door rang, announcing a new arrival.
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Paragraph 2: Watching them talk, I couldn’t help but reflect on the journey that brought us here.
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3．（2024·山西运城·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Peter sat at the kitchen table, having breakfast. It had been another bad night for his baby
sister, Lily, and his parents were arguing in the sitting room. He heard his mother mention Tom, an
old man who lived in the forest. Peter often explored the forest and knew Mr. Tom was a kind
herbalist (草药医生). Was it true that he could help Lily? Peter wouldn’t rest until he found it out.
After breakfast, Peter immediately set off. It was a short walk from his home to the forest’s
edge. Peter was so focused on his thoughts of his sister that he didn’t notice the strange cryingsounds in the distance until he got close enough. He followed the sounds until they led him to a
cave.
A flashlight lit up suddenly in the cave, and Peter saw a little boy lying on the dirt-covered
stone. Peter learned that the boy called Cliff came to this forest with his mother but ran off by
himself. Cliff was injured and didn’t see his mother. Peter decided to take Cliff to Mr. Tom. When
they saw Mr. Tom and told him everything, Mr. Tom treated the injury with a bandage (绷带) and
helped contact Cliff’s mother over the radio.
Peter moved closer to look at Cliff’s bandaged ankle and felt a sense of relief. Then Peter
turned to Mr. Tom and said, “Mr. Tom, my baby sister is very sick. I overheard Mom mention you,
so I came out here today to ask you for help...” Before Peter finished his words, Mr. Tom said, “I
had tried to help, but your sister needed to be sent to a big hospital and a lot of money...” Peter
realized his parents had argued because they couldn’t afford Lily’s treatment.
Mr. Tom was trying to comfort Peter when someone knocked on the door. Mr. Tom opened
it and saw a lady, who claimed herself as Cliff’s mother.
“It’s you!” Mr. Tom shouted excitedly.
“You’re a fan?” the lady said. “I came to this area to spend a holiday with my son.
Thankfully, you have saved him. Where is he?”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr. Tom nodded and led the lady to her son.
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The next morning, in his bedroom, Peter was woken up by a joyful scream.
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4．（2024·山东青岛·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Summer vacation was finally coming, and Rose couldn’t wait to have a trip with her
parents. She recalled the joyful experiences they shared last summer, which filled her with
excitement for the upcoming holiday.
“Girls!” Rose heard her father calling. She raced to her big sister’s room, telling her that
Dad was calling them, and they rushed downstairs log either. Dad put his arm around Mom and
told them that they were going on a trip to the Virunga Mountains of Africa. There were three
national parks that they would visit.
Rose and Gina looked at each other. “What?” they said with one voice. Mom told them it
would be really exciting to go there on a trip. At 12 years old, Rose would prefer going to an
amusement park or a beach. She thought it important to let her parents know she didn’t want to go
there but to the beach for a week or two.
“Well,” said Dad, “I have to go for an assignment for the paper. We’re covering the
mountain gorillas (大猩猩) because they’re critically endangered these years. So, I thought it’d
also be a great place to take a vacation. I’m sure it’ll be very educational for you girls.”
Gina let out a sigh, unable to contain her disappointment. She wanted to say something but
Mom interrupted and announced that the trip was set on the next Monday.
“Sit down, both of you.” Dad had on his severe look. “Girls, it’s important for you to know
about the world around you. This is a wonderful chance for you to experience and learn an
amazing place. Do you know anything about the mountain gorillas?”
The sisters shook their heads.
“Well, get your laptop computer, Gina. I want you to look them up right now,” said Dad,
“Rose, there is a book on the bookshelf about the cute mountain gorillas. Find it and read it.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The girls dragged their feet upstairs._______________________________________________________________________________
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The next Monday came and the family set out excitedly.
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5．（22-23高三上·江苏苏州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两
段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I lived in Portland, Oregon, I taught English as a Second Language at a local
community college. I had adult students in my class from Vietnam, Mexico, Russia and many
other countries. Although they came from many lands, fighting for a better life, they had one thing
in common: a desperate yearning(渴望) to learn English well.
Many of the students worked in a factory for twelve hours throughout the night and
hurriedly took a bus in the morning straight to our 8:00A．M. class. They attended my class on
time whatever the weather. And they waited until after class to go home and sleep. Sometimes I
would see them struggling to keep their eyes open in the beginning. However, their active
participation in class drove away their physical tiredness as well as livened up the atmosphere.
Some students even raised a bunch of questions by gesture after class. They were always there
working hard, earnest and eager to learn.
Despite their lack of sleep and long hours at work, the level of attendance and attentiveness
in class was always excellent. No one called in sick. No one was absent-minded. Some of the
students had as many as three jobs and took the bus everywhere they went because they couldn’tafford cars.
To teach the course, I needed to use a lot of pictures and hand gestures, since I didn’t know
all their respective languages. One of the things I taught was a simple dialogue called “Shopping
for a New Coat”. They enjoyed standing up and acting out the gestures that accompanied the text
of the story.
Sometimes I wondered if I was really teaching my students in the best way possible. But I
gave my all to this class, and they gave their all to me. If nothing else, they would always
remember what to say if they ever went “shopping for a new coat”. Soon, the language course
came to an end.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On the last day of class, they held a wonderful party that was filled with good food and
laughter.
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I lifted from the box a beautiful, new, full-length coat.
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6．（2024·河北·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Kris and Robin are sisters who grew up in Wisconsin. They work together and servetogether.
In 2017, Hurricane Harvey struck with strong force across Florence, bringing fierce winds
and record-breaking rainfall. The city was destroyed by the storm’s intensity, leading to
widespread damage and flooding. Emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those trapped by
the rising floodwaters, while power failure left entire neighborhoods in darkness.
In the face of such misfortune, both of Kris and Robin felt depressed and helpless, yet eager
to assist. Upon discovering Convoy of Hope’s volunteer program, they didn’t hesitate to sign up.
Soon after, they were invited to training, marking the start of their mission to serve together in this
fighting.
However, their initial response to the arrangement was filled with anxiety for Kris. “I am
kind of nervous before heading out. I wonder if I could remember my training?” said Kris
Logemann, her voice with uncertainty. “Don’t worry! You see the staff do such a great job. They
are incredibly supportive to us and will provide guidance and reassure every step of the way.”
Robin comforted. She also added, “I am right there for you, too, Kris, we are in it together, and
we’ll make it just like before.”
Robin Melcher remembered the first few rescues she and her sister went on. “We were
helping a woman who had just lost her husband,” said Kris. “We were taking things out of her
house, but also holding her hand and loving her. The ability to do that... it’s just really cool.”
“Obviously we love it because we come back,” added Kris.
Full of power, Kris and Robin put their whole hearts into the training. During the Convoy
of Hope’s detailed training program, they learned about disaster response, safety procedures, and
psychological first aid. Through hands-on practice and team-building exercise, they prepared
physically and mentally for the tasks ahead. As Kris and Robin continued their volunteer work,
they were faced with one of their most heart-struck and unforgettable challenges.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Word came that a school had been severely affected by flooding, with numerous students
trapped.
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After the rescue, the story of the sisters’ heroic efforts was reported.
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7．（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
At the time I was living in a small village about 25 miles from London. That was the
advantage of living there because you could get to London in half an hour. That was by train of
course. If you went by car, it’d take about three times as long especially if you travelled in the
morning rush hour. The reason why I was giving you this travel information in detail was that I
had to make a choice between the car and the train.
I’d seen an advertisement in a national newspaper, which had asked for someone who had
some knowledge of computing, had worked at least for two years in car sales and finally was not
afraid of travelling up and down the motorway to London every day from a place not far from
where I lived. It seemed interesting work and was quite different from the job I had at the time.
The interview was to take place at 10:00 a.m. on a Monday morning in January.
Throughout the weekend I couldn’t make up my mind whether to travel by car or by train.
At the end of Sunday I decided to drive my car because after all the job was to do with cars.
On the day of the interview I got up at 6:00 a.m. as I was terrified of being late. I usually
woke up early because of the loud noise of the traffic outside my bedroom window in the
morning. On this particular morning, everything seemed strangely silent. I looked out of the
window and realized why: There was a thick blanket of snow on the road and it was still snowing
heavily. I panicked. Clearly now I’d have to go by train. I telephoned the station and asked whattime the next train down to London would be. I was informed that all services had been cancelled.
I asked by whom they had been cancelled. I never knew the answer to that question because I’d
been cut off.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Obviously I would have to rethink of driving for the day.
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However, soon after, my car broke down because of the slippery road.
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8．（2024·吉林·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Jenny was fourteen years old and always wore a bright smile. This may not seem that
unusual except that she suffered from cerebral palsy (大脑性麻痹), a condition that left her
muscles stiff (僵硬的). Because she had trouble speaking, it was this bright smile that reflected
her true personality — a great kid. She used a walker (助行架) most of the time. A lot of times
people didn’t speak to her. Why? Who knows? Maybe it was because she looked different and the
rest of the students didn’t know how to approach her. Jenny usually broke the ice with people she
met with a big “Hi”.
The assignment was to recite three stanzas (诗节) of the poem “Don’t Quit”. I only madethe assignment worth ten points since I figured most of my students wouldn’t do it anyway. When
I was in school and a teacher assigned a ten-point homework assignment, I would probably have
blown it off myself. So I wasn’t expecting much from today’s teenagers either. Jenny was in the
class, and I noticed a look on her face that was different from the normal bright smile. The look
was one of worry. Don’t worry, Jenny, I thought to myself, it’s only ten points.
The day the assignment came due arrived and as I went through my roster (花名册)my
expectations were met, as one by one each student failed to recite the poem. “Sorry, Mr. Krause,”
was the standard reply. “It’s only worth ten points anyway... right?” Finally, in frustration and half
kidding, I announced that the next person who didn’t recite the poem perfectly had to drop on the
floor and give me ten push-ups. This was an old discipline technique from my days as a physical
education teacher.
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
To my surprise, Jenny was next.
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But she crawled (爬) back up with her walker and continued the poem.
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9．（2024·浙江金华·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Jeremy is a boy who loves to lend a helping hand to his family. He spends quality timeplaying with his baby sister while his mother busies herself in the kitchen, cooking dinner. And
after meals, he dutifully assists his father with drying the dishes. However, Jeremy’s favorite job is
feeding Fletch, the family’s pet cat.
Fletch is a handsome cat, his fur a mix of brown and black, adorned with tiger stripes
running across his back. When he’s hungry, Fletch has a unique way of communicating with
Jeremy. He gently bumps his head against Jeremy’s legs, a silent reminder that it’s time for his
meal.
One evening after dinner, Mom asked Jeremy to find Baby Suzy’s doll. “I think she might
have dropped it in the backyard this afternoon,” she said worriedly. “She won’t be able to sleep
without it. Can you take a look before it gets too dark?”
Without hesitation, Jeremy opened the back door and ran outside. The bright red doll stood
out among the grass, making it easy for him to spot. Grabbing it, he ran back inside, relieved to
have found it.
Later that night, as Jeremy prepared for bed, he remembered his usual routine. He always
said goodnight to Fletch before turning off the light, but the cat was nowhere to be found. Jeremy
searched the bathroom and hallway, but Fletch was missing. Worried, he went downstairs to go on
his search.
He checked the living room and dining room, but still no sign of Fletch. As he reached the
kitchen, Jeremy’s heart sank. Tears began to well up in his eyes. Mom, who was enjoying a cup of
tea, looked up and noticed his worry. “Jeremy, you should be in bed by now! What’s wrong?” she
asked, concern etched on her face.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
“The back door is open!” Jeremy cried, uneasiness creeping into his voice.
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______________________________________________________The next morning, Jeremy was awoken by a familiar sound — a loud “Meow”.
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10．（2024·河北保定·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Dear Jenny, I am really sorry to tell you that you didn’t get the position this time. The
interviewers had a discussion about you. You have a very good experience, but you are not
qualified for this position. The journalist we want is to communicate with people from walks of
life, so you should be more sociable and more energetic. So, sorry.” Actually, such was not quite
new to Jenny and this was the third time that she had been rejected for a job position after her
graduation from university as a top student.
Overwhelmed (淹没) with sadness, she lifted her hands to cover her face. Her heart was
broken with self-doubt whether she was never good enough to fit in with the highly competitive
adult world. It seemed that the excellence she displayed at school was nothing but illusion.
“Maybe I should quit applying for that demanding job,” Jenny whispered to herself.
Sensing something wrong, Jenny’s father, James, said to his daughter, “Congratulations on
your graduation, and time to enjoy your youth. In celebration of your new life, I’d like to give you
something special. Here is a car that I acquired many years ago. But before I give it to you, take it
to the used car lot downtown and tell them you want to sell it and see how much they offer you.”
Unwilling as Jenny was, she went to the used car lot and they offered her only one thousand
dollars because the car looked very worn out. With that offer, she returned back to her father and
out of her expectation, this time her father told her to take this car to a pawnshop (当铺).
Confused, Jenny went to the pawnshop where they should have offered her ten thousand dollars as
her father’s car looked a little bit old to them. “Maybe it is a perfect deal!” thought Jenny. But
then, the father advised his daughter to keep trying and go to a car club and show them the car.
The daughter took the car to the club, and then, breathtakingly, something magic happened.注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
People there willingly offered one hundred thousand dollars for the same car.
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Wearing a satisfied smile, James said, “They identified it as an expensive car.”
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11．（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was an extraordinary day in the heart of the Nepalese Himalayas, where nature’s grandeur
unfolded in every direction. The sun shone high in the sky, casting a golden glow over the grand
mountain range. The air was crisp and clean, filled with the smells of pine and earth, while the
views were breathtaking, with snow-capped peaks towering above us and thick green forests
spreading out below.
Our group, a band of adventurous souls bound by friendship and shared enthusiasm for
exploration, walked excitedly along the winding trails, all eager to explore the unknown and
embrace the challenge of the mountains. We were making our way through the forest, the sun
shining through the leaves cast dancing patterns on the ground, when we heard a scary cry for
help. Our hearts skipped a beat, and we quickly followed the sound, our footsteps becoming more
urgent as we realized the seriousness of the situation. We soon found a young woman strugglingon the edge of a steep cliff. She had slipped and was hanging insecurely by a branch, her face
filled with terror and desperation.
Without hesitation, I rushed to her side, ignoring the danger that lay before me. Grabbing a
rope from my backpack, which I had fortunately prepared before, I tied it securely around myself
and handed the other end to my friends, whose hands locked tight, forming an unbreakable human
anchor. I carefully edged my way down the cliff, feeling the sharpness of the rocks beneath my
feet.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Reaching the woman, I promised her that we would get her back to safety.
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Once on solid ground, we all hugged and celebrated our successful rescue.
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12．（2024·河北唐山·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have an older brother who suffers from cerebral palsy (脑瘫). For as long as I can
remember, his struggles with basic movements and speech caused me a deep sense of
embarrassment, I was afraid of the stares and the whispered questions from others, so I kept my
distance, thinking it would protect me from their judgment. This avoidance became a habit, a wayto protect myself from the discomfort I felt over something I didn’t fully understand. Eventually, it
became a barrier I built not around my heart, but around my life.
Even when I kept my distance, my brother would often offer me warm smiles, providing
comfort and help during my difficult moments. There were times when I directed my frustrations
towards him, perhaps because he was an easy target or because I hated his existence. His
reactions, however, often took the form of silent understanding. He wouldn’t demand explanations
for my behavior. Instead, he might reach out with a gentle gesture -- a touch, a smile, or simply his
presence-reminding me that, despite my unnecessary outbursts, I was not alone.
The more he cared about me, the more I hated him. I believed he brought me shame,
disgrace, and embarrassment. How I wished to stay away from him! But I had to choose a
university in our city in order to see my ill mother when convenient. My brother, however, would
prepare meals and have them delivered to my school, each time attaching a note filled with
concern, asking why I hadn't come home, if I was unwell, or if something was wrong. After my
graduation and the loss of my mother, I decided to distance myself from my city and, more
significantly, from my brother, to seek a fresh start in a different city.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1 : I was in my own world in the city when I was badly ill with COVID-19 and
had nobody to turn to.
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Paragraph 2: I returned to my city with a newfound purpose
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13．（2024·广西·一模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
I was anxious, sitting outside an operating theatre, worried about the fate of my son who
had had a very serious accident. We lived in the remote area, and there was only small hospital
nearby. My son was lying unconscious inside and waiting for the only surgeon in the hospital to
treat him. For me, every moment seemed longer than a year. Suddenly, a doctor rushed towards
the operation room while his assistant handed him a white apron (白大褂). I just could not control
my anger, starting shouting at the doctor. “I am shocked to see how casual you can be! My son is
lying in the operating theatre for so long and you can only manage to come and see him now?”
The doctor stared at me, and, holding his shoulder gently, said, “This is the earliest I could get
here. I was not in the hospital. Now, please let me do my work and you take a seat there.”
I became more furious. Although the doctor went inside the theatre, I continued expressing
my dissatisfaction. An hour passed. Still the red light outside the operating theatre was on. Three
more hours went by; I then began to think of all the frightening things that I might have to hear
once the doctor gave him the conclusion.
I looked up and suddenly realized that the light had gone off. The doctor came out of the
room, rushing as he handed over his apron to the nurse. Before I could ask him anything, the
doctor said, “Your son is safe now. Please talk to the nurse if you need to know anything more.
Excuse me.” Before I could ask him anything more, the doctor rushed away.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I lost my temper again.
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I was frozen on the spot, not uttering a word.
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14．（2024·安徽黄山·二模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
I’m used to people staring at me: Strange looks because of the strange sounds my brother
makes.
Public places have been difficult places for my family to deal with ever since Myles was
diagnosed with autism (诊断为自闭症) at the age of two. I built a wall around my heart, a shell to
protect my weakest parts from other people’s opinions about my family. It hurt too much when
they didn’t understand, so I told myself it didn’t matter.
So when I found myself at a restaurant with my brother, who started screaming and hitting
the table, I looked up with cautious eyes at the middle-aged woman approaching. Her face was
perfectly peaceful as she assessed the situation at the table with my brother and me. I readied my
comeback. If she had a complaint about my brother’s behavior, I was prepared to pull the trigger
and give her the piece of my mind I had held onto before.
“Hi, how are you doing?” she asked, her tone kind, her eyes steady. “I’m fine,” I said
carefully. “I hope you don’t mind me asking,” she continued. “But does your brother have
autism?” I was surprised. “Yeah, he has autism,” I replied to the lady, who was waiting patiently.
“Well, I raised a child with autism,” she began. Great. Now she really felt like she could tell me
how to take care of my brother. I didn’t want to hear it. “I know you don’t know me, but my name
is Pam,” she said, reaching to touch Myles’ shoulder.“Like I said, I raised a child with autism, and if you ever need any help, please call me.” I
looked at the hand she offered, holding a piece of paper with her name and number on it. “I can
help you,” she said. “If you ever want me to watch him for you. Give you guys a break.”
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I couldn’t speak because I got emotional and was about to cry.
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I did call her, and she became as close as family and taught us a lot.
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15．（2024·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Smith knew something was wrong with 7-year-old Miguel. He was one of her best
students and a very hardworking child. But Intely, he was failing his tests and no longer seemed
focused on his studies. Mrs. Smith couldn’t quite put her finger on what was wrong with the
young boy. She knew his family had immigrated to America from South Afrien, and she reasoned
they were probably in some sort of trouble.
One day, Mrs. Smith was walking back to her car after a long day at work and stopped in
her tracks to see a tired Miguel on the streets. It took her a while to realize that the boy was sitting
on a cardboard box with his homework spread out in front of him and studying. “Miguel!” shecried, approaching him. “What are you doing here, darling?” With tears streaming down his
cheeks, Miguel poured out everything happening to him and his family.
Mrs. Smith was heartbroken as Miguel began sharing his story with her. He said that when
they first arrived in the country, they were living with relatives, who had recently sold their house
and moved to another city. His parents were now living in a shelter. Miguel didn’t have a desk or
table to do his homework in the shelter, and it was too noisy. He said he couldn’t concentrate on
his studies there and didn’t know where to go until he found a spot on the street behind the school.
Mrs. Smith knew she had to do something to help this less fortunate student. She arrived at
school early the next day and arranged a small desk in the back of her classroom for Miguel. She
also got him extra school supplies and the permit to stay back after lessons and do his homework
in the classroom, for which Miguel was extremely grateful.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mrs. Smith later found that Miguel’s mother was deaf, and his father no longer had a job.
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The next day, Mrs. Smith approached the school headmaster and told him about Miguel’s
story.
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