05 人物心理状态刻画技巧
心理描写概述
心理描写是在特定情境下对人物的内心活动、心理情感、情绪状态等进行的描写。心理描写渗透着现
实环境，读者能从人物的心理描写中感知角色视角下对生活的体验，从而领会人物的精神面貌、展现人物
的性格特征。“心理描写主要分为直接心理描写和间接心理描写，其中，直接心理描写包括客观心理剖析、
内心独白、梦境幻觉。
1.客观心理剖析
客观心理剖析是以第三人称的视角叙述人物心理活动，多用于小说、寓言、童话等文学体裁当中，如
《皇帝的新装》中皇帝、大臣的心理描写都采用了客观心理剖析，以“心里想”“他想”等作为标志，用
作者的口吻表现人物的心理状态。客观心理剖析以文外视角进行撰写，能够表达不同人物的不同情境下的
真实心理感受，能够使读者更加直观的理解角色心理活动。
2.内心独白
内心独白是以第一人称阐释的无声的人物内心语言，能最真实最直接的反映当前角色的内心状态和情
绪。相比较客观心理剖析，人物内心独白更偏向于理性和逻辑的思考，它可以作为一种内心的思考，比基
于特定情景下的意识心理的产生而言，更具逻辑性和哲理性。人物内心独白要置于文本大背景下考量，同
时结合事件、情感进行理性思考，挖掘其中的主题思想，在理解人物内心独白的真正认识人物。因此，在
进行人物独白的剖析时，要以理性的眼光综合人物独白出现的环境、情节，避免人物心理活动与环境的割
裂；在写作中对人物独白进行修改时，注意既要符合人物身份，又要表现人物真实情感，感悟人物心理描
写与语境的融入。
3.梦境幻觉
梦境幻觉是指通过梦境或人物在某种情绪状态下，视觉、听觉上出现虚幻的画面、声音，从而展现人
物内心世界、抒发情感的描写。
人物的心理描写是以角色视角渗透生活现实，细腻的心理描写能切实感受人物的情感变化、展现人物
内心，将读者代入把握人物行为动因，体会人物共情。心理描写是对人物内心活动的直接刻画，是将人物
的内心感触表现出来的一种重要方式。心理描写是一种叙述视角的调整，以人物的所思所感来表现作者在
文本中传达的思想，是以文本情境中的角色个人心理分析来审视历史、社会、人生的“独白”。从人物的
心理描写中，读者能直面人物的内心世界，或以人物的心理挖掘文本背后的内涵。
读者直接面对的不是赤裸裸的生活，而是被一层心理体验所浸透的生活，心理描写的边缘就是生活的边缘一一这是使读者对熟悉的生活环境产生陌生感的主要源泉。因此，分析人物的心理描写，应该将人物
置于文本情境中，以人物的角度考量心理活动产生的脉络。
心理状态刻画微观技巧
描写恐惧心理的方法
第一部分 表示恐惧
1.他心跳较快，想都没有想，他就开始跑了。His heart beat wildly and without thinking, he started to run.
2.他突然闪现一丝恐惧。 The thought of fear crossed his mind.
3.突然一阵恐惧控制了他，他吓得呆在原地。他试着移动，但是却不能，直到一个尖锐的声音唤醒了他。
A sudden rush of panic ruling him, he was frozen to the spot. He tried hard to move，but could not, until a sharp
sound awoke him.
4.Mac 心跳得很快，双手颤抖。他的脸变得惨白，眼里充满了恐惧。
Mac’s heart was beating wildly/violently /was pounding and his hands were shaking. His face turned pale and eyes
were full of horror.
5.他因恐惧而呆住，站在那儿一动不动。Frozen with fear, he stood rooted to the spot.
6.一看到凶猛的狼，我吓得僵住了，吓得一动也不敢动。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.
7.他被恐惧吓倒了，Mac 不知道要说什么？Overwhelmed by fear, Mac didn’t know what to say/do. (be
overwhelmed by 被...给压垮/吓倒/征服)
8.一种惊恐的感觉掠过他的心头。 A frightened feeling crept/ swept/ over his heart.
9.他心中涌起了一阵恐惧。/ 恐惧席卷了他。
A flood of fear welled up in him. /Fear flooded over him.
10. 她因恐惧而窒息。She was choked with fear.
11. 时间似乎停止了，尽管他们可能只在那儿二至三分钟。
Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes.
第二部分 应对恐惧
1.一股力量立刻取代了Jane不断增长的恐惧和焦虑。
A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in Jane's mind.
2.他的大脑又开始快速转动，尽力想着...
His mind began to race, trying to thinking...
3.他鼓起勇气...He plucked up his courage to do ...
4.(副词)立刻/马上; 突然 = immediately/ abruptly/instantly/promptly; suddenly=all of a sudden
5.（短语）立刻马上；= without delay/ without pausing;
6.毫不犹豫/迟疑 = without any hesitation
第三部分 历险后的心情\动作描写
1. They breathed a sigh of relief.
2. (心有余悸) Though Mac was safe, he still could feel his heart beating quickly. He was even having troubling
breathing, and he felt dizzy (眩晕). For a moment（有一会）, he was afraid he would faint (晕倒)
注： 对 “ adventurous experience” 总结性的句子
1. Never would they forget such a thrilling summer holiday in their whole life.
2. What a thrilling adventure!
3. Many years have passed, till now, I still remember the thrilling trip to the Wild West.
4. The vacation with my my forgetful mother would always stand out in my memory. 和妈妈一起的旅行总是
会让我记忆犹新。
心理状态描写常用升级策略
开心（通过心理、表情、动作来表达）
普通版：He was happy.
进阶版:1. Her eyes shone/glittered/sparkled /twinkled with joy.
2. Her face lit up with pleasure.（容光焕发）
3. Her heart was pounding with excitement. （砰砰直跳）
4. Happiness/joy/pleasure/delight took hold of him.(极度开心)
5. She was overflowing with happiness/joy/pleasure/delight.(幸福洋溢)
6. He shed tears of joy.（流下开心的泪水）
例句：
1. His eyes twinkled with pleasure when he saw the news.
当他看到新闻，他的眼里闪耀着快乐。
2. He grinned with delight when he saw us.
当他看到我们，咧开嘴开心地笑了。
3. The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪耀。
4. I couldn’t restrain my joy and jumped into the house.我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。
5. He cast us a look/glance,with his face wearing a broad/wide/radiant/warm smile.
她看向我们，面带灿烂/温暖的笑容。
6. When his mother kissed him on the cheek,it seemed as if the baby were on the top of the world.
当妈妈亲吻他的脸颊时，小婴儿开心极了。
伤心（心理、表情、动作）
普通版：He was sad.
进阶表达：
不同的哭：cry 哭（泛指，哭出声） sob 呜咽，啜泣 wail 嚎啕大哭 weep 小声/无声流泪
burst into tears 放声大哭 fight back tears 抑制住泪水
be close to tears / be on the verge of tears 快要哭了 be in tears 含泪
例句：
1. He sighed with disappointment.
他失望地叹了口气。
2. He struggled to fight back his tears.
他试图控制住自己的泪水。
3. His eyes brimmed with tears of sorrow.
他的眼里噙满了悲伤的泪水。
4. He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.
他静静地站着，眼泪流下他的脸颊。
5. I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.
我感觉自己漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
6. I saw an old lady wailing with fist beating her chest in the street corner. 我看到一个老奶奶在街角捶胸痛哭。
7. When he embraced me with his arms open wide, I felt my throat choke with sob. 当他张开双臂拥抱我时，
我觉得自己喉头哽咽。
8. Upon hearing the bad news, she felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly. 一听到这个
坏消息，她就被一股悲伤之感控制，忍不住哭泣。
紧张（心理、表情、动作）
普通版：He was nervous.
进阶版：
1. Standing in the classroom, I became increasingly nervous and could feel my heart beating wildly. 站在教室里，我越来越紧张，我能听见自己心跳加速的声音。
2. Her face turned pale, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
她的脸刷白，感觉如坐针毡。
3. Before the competition, his palms were sweaty and knees were soft.
比赛前，他手心出汗，膝盖发软。
4. At the sight of the fierce wolf, I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak. 看到恶狼，我
喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。
5. At the sight of the fierce wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch. 看到恶狼，我被吓呆到一动不
动。
6. At the sight of the fierce wolf, I was seized by a strong sense of horror and my palms were sweating. 看到恶
狼，我被一股强烈的恐惧感攫住了，掌心流汗。
尴尬/羞愧（心理、表情、动作）
普通版： He was embarrassed/ashamed.
进阶版：
1. His face flushed(通红)/burned(燃烧)with embarrassment/shame.
他因尴尬而满脸通红。/他窘得脸都红了。
2. He hung/dropped/lowered his head in shame.
他羞愧地低下了头。
3. She felt so ashamed that she could feel her face burning.
她感到羞愧难当，脸上滚烫。
4. So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.
她感到羞愧极了，血液涌上脸颊。
5. So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears.
她羞愧到快哭了。
愤怒（心理、表情、动作）
普通版： He was angry.
进阶表达：fly off the handle 勃然大怒 lose one’s temper发脾气
例句：
1. His voice trembled with anger/rage(愤怒).
他气得声音发抖。
2. He glared at me with burning eyes.他盯着我，眼里充满怒火。
3. Filled with anger/fury(狂怒)，Tom was unable to utter a single word.
Tom气得一句话也说不出。
4. Boiling with rage，Tom shook his fist at me.
Tom怒火中烧，对我挥舞拳头。
绝望（心理、表情、动作）
普通版：He felt hopeless/desperate.
进阶版：
1. Upon hearing the bad news, he was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.
听到这个坏消息，他突然被投入黑暗世界，陷入绝望。
2. He felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness.
他感觉被遗弃了，孤独使他感到绝望。
3. His beliefs in looking forward and seeing the positive in everything deserted him.（被信念抛弃）
他那种向前看、看到一切事物积极一面的信念抛弃了他。
感谢（心理、表情、动作）
普通版：I thanked my father.
进阶版：
1. I ran over to my father, reached out my hands and hugged/embraced him tightly/firmly.
我跑向父亲，伸出手，紧紧抱住他。
2. With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he kept extending（表达）his gratitude(感激）， “Thank you so
much!”
他眼中满是感激的泪水，不停地说：“非常感谢！”
鼓励（心理、表情、动作）
普通版： He felt encouraged.
进阶版：
1. Taking a deep breath, I managed to calm myself down and walked up to the platform confidently.
深吸一口气，我成功地让自己镇定，然后自信地走上了讲台。
2. I walked over to him, and patted him on the shoulder, encouraging: “Come on!”
我走向他，拍拍他的肩膀，鼓励道：“加油！”
震惊（心理、表情、动作）
普通版： He was surprised/shocked.进阶版：
1. His eyes grew wide/widened with surprise/astonishment(震惊)when he heard the news.
听到这个消息后，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
2. It ’ s hard to believe . He didn’t accept the job that he was long for.
真难以置信，他竟然没有接受那份期待已久的工作。
3. Grandfather’s death was really a bolt from the blue for me.
祖父去世的消息对我来说简直是晴天霹雳。
疑惑/迷茫（心理、表情、动作）
普通版： He felt confused.
进阶版：
1. With a confused look on his face, he had no idea what to do.
他露出困惑的表情，不知道该做什么。
2. He scratched his head, having on idea what to do.
他挠了挠头，不知道该做什么。
3. He scratched his head, not understanding a word.
他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。
写作策略实践与强化
1．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Lily was dressed and ready for her first performance. The hall was crowded with parents and grandparents to
see the students’ dance. It was a tradition for the school every year and Lily was going to dance in front of
everyone. It scared her.
Yesterday she practiced her dance on the stage and everything went on smoothly. With only several moms
watching, it wasn’t too bad. But it was different tonight. All the seats would be full and she felt nervous and
terrified.
“Don’t worry. When you go out on the stage, you just look right where I was siting yesterday I will still be
there. You just look at me and it will be just like yesterday!” Mom encouraged Lily.
What I should focus on is every movement in the dance. Just get lost in my dance and bring out the best, Lily
told herself.
When she came back sage, she took a quick look from behind the curtain (幕). Butterflies were flying inside
her stomach and she just wondered whether Mom would be there.
注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为80左右；
2.续写部分的开头已为你写好。
The music began to play.
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2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My struggles started in seventh grade when I began passing out. I had many medical check-ups and finally
found one that helped. My average blood pressure was about 80/60 on a good day. To this day, I continue to battle
this problem.
Then, two years ago, I was diagnosed (诊断) with fibromyalgia, a muscle disease that is not really helped by
medication. It’s like having a pulled muscle when the disease attacks. It can last as long as three months. I was
bedridden for a month. Cold weather, rain, or physical or emotional stress can cause the pain,
It’s hard enough to be a healthy teenager and go through the typical changes with friends, family, school, etc.
Add to that missing two to three months of school a year, and it can make things very difficult. The hardest part was
on the outside I looked normal like everyone else; however, on the inside, I was in horrible pain. Some classmates
had passed their comments on me thinking that since my physical appearance was fine, I must be OK. The
judgment hurt me more than anyone will ever know.
I battled with depression (抑郁) as well, because I felt like an outsider. I longed to be normal and healthy. I
even developed an eating disorder. In the beginning, I had lost a lot of weight. For the first time, I felt like I was
attractive because I was skinny. I was receiving more attention than ever. I would still feel depressed, though,
because of all that was going on in my life. I would eat a lot hoping the stress would go away. But then I would
throw up the food so I would still look good. Luckily, I overcame these problems with the help of my family and a
wonderful job.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My mother stuck by me and encouraged me in all my time of need.
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I found a purpose knowing I had something to give to these elderly people.
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3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语段续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应
为150词左右。
Doris was a 68-year-old woman who lived alone. Her children lived in a different city and her husband had
passed away. In order not to feel lonely, she would take daily walks at the nearby park. One afternoon she saw her
neighbor’s son, Martin. He sat alone on a park bench (长椅). Concerned, Doris approached him and asked where
his mother Lucy was. “She’s still at work,” Martin answered.
“She left you here so she could work? Have you been here the entire day?” Doris asked. Martin nodded,
explaining his mom had just got a new job that required her to be out from 9 am to 5 pm. Doris checked her watch,
seeing it was 2:30 pm. “Have you eaten?” she asked. Martin replied he had eaten some bread.
Doris felt bad for the poor boy. Not wanting to leave him alone, she sat with him and waited for Lucy to pick
him up. Later Martin felt his feet were so cold. Doris found his socks were thin and worn out. She took out a shawl
(披肩) from her bag and put it around Martin’s legs.
Finally, Lucy appeared. “Lucy, it’s dangerous for Martin to be out here alone the entire day, Doris said.
Ashamed, Lucy said that she wanted to take care of Martin, but she had to get a job because of their increasing bills
to pay.
“It’s my first day at my new job. I can’t leave Martin at home alone. If social services (社会服务机构) find it,
they won’t allow me to raise him anymore. I have no choice but to leave him in the park in order to work,” she
added. Doris knew Lucy was trying her best but also felt bad that Martin would have to stay out in the cold every
day. After all, winter was coming.
The following morning, when Lucy went to work, Doris met her outside her home. Lucy said that Martinwasn’t feeling well and was still sleeping. He had to stay home for the day. Doris understood Lucy was risking
being caught by social services leaving Martin alone at home. So, she offered, “I’d be happy to take care of Martin
at your home or mine.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lucy cried tears of joy upon hearing it.
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When Doris left, Martin said, “Mom, can I ask Doris to be my grandmother?”
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参考答案
1．
The music began to play. Taking a deep breath, she walked onto the stage. All she could see was a vast sea of
unfamiliar faces. Suddenly, her gaze was drawn towards a bright and familiar face in the corner of the room. It was
her mother, with a loving and encouraging smile. All the fear and nervousness drained away like water. She felt
instantly more confident and ready to show her best.
As the music went on, Lily felt like she was flying on the stage, so absorbed in her performance. She
performed so great that at the end of the performance, the audience gave a loud cheer, bringing Lily back to her
senses. The whole hall was filled with applause and excitement as Lily took her bow, arms wide open and with a
relieved and satisfied smile that she had done her best. She was now looking forward to getting reunited with hermother.
【写作指导】本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述了Lily为每年一次的舞台表演做了充分准备，但是临上台
前感到紧张的故事。
【解析】1.段落续写：
由首句内容“音乐开始响起”可知，本段可描写Lily上台后感到很紧张，但是当她看到妈妈的笑脸的
时候镇静下来，她认真地做着每一个动作，整场表演非常成功，以至于全场为她欢呼。
2.续写线索：深吸气上台——紧张——看见妈妈——镇静下来——专注表演——表演成功——观众欢
呼——期待见到妈妈。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走上……：walked onto/ stepped onto
②展示：show /present
情绪类
①表示爱意的：loving/affectionate
②自信的：confident/self-assured
【亮点】[高分句型1]. Taking a deep breath, she walked onto the stage.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型2]. All she could see was a vast sea of unfamiliar faces.（运用了省略了引导词的定语从句）
2．
My mother stuck by me and encouraged me in all my time of need.When I lost my temper, my mother silently
accompanied me. When I was in a better mood, my mother told me some interesting things, encouraging me to see
my strength and suggested that I do something meaningful, such as volunteering in the old people’s home to realize
my value by helping the old people.
I found a purpose knowing I had something to give to these elderly people.Accompanied by my mother, I often
went to the nursing home to send the calligraphy I wrote to the old people. The old people couldn’t put down the
blessing I wrote. From this incident, I realized that I was recognized by people and that I gathered up the courage to
face the future bravely.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者七年级时身体开始出现问题，得了饮食失调症的作者渴
望正常和健康，在作者需要帮助的时候，母亲总是支持她，鼓励她。
【解析】1. 段落续写：
① 由第一段首句内容“在我需要的时候，母亲总是支持我，鼓励我。”可知，第一段可描写作者母亲是
如何鼓励作者的。② 由第二段首句内容“我找到了一个目标，我知道我可以给这些老人一些东西。”可知，第二段可描写
作者给予老人们一些东西，以及最终生活步入正轨。
2. 续写线索：鼓励我——建议去养老院——送书法——受到欢迎——感到意义——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①陪伴：accompany/keep...company
②讲述：tell/narrate
③意识到：realize/be aware of
④面对：face/be faced with
情绪类
①心情更好：in a better mood/in a better temper
②勇敢地：bravely/courageously
【亮点】[高分句型1]When I lost my temper, my mother silently accompanied me.(运用了when引导的时间状
语从句)
[高分句型2] From this incident, I realized that I was recognized by people and that I gathered up the courage to
face the future bravely.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
3.
Lucy cried tears of joy upon hearing it. She thanked Doris and allowed Doris to stay at their apartment. As
soon as Lucy left Doris took out her knitting kit and started to make socks and a scarf for Martin. Later, she stopped
to prepare breakfast for him. When Martin woke up, he was glad Doris was there. Doris continued knitting as
Martin had breakfast. When she finished Martin put on the socks and scarf and felt very pleased. The two spent the
entire day together, exchanging stories. Finally, Lucy returned. And they said goodbye.
When Doris left, Martin said, “Mom, can I ask Doris to be my grandmother?” Lucy smiled and nodded. The
following morning, when Doris came to visit Martin he handed a card to her I made a card for you, “Martin said
shyly.” You’re so sweet! Doris smiled. She took the card and saw the words: Will you please be my grandmother?
Doris felt touched and hugged him tightly. Since then, Martin no longer had to wait for his mother at the park.
Instead he would stay home with Doris
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Doris是个68岁的独居老太太，每天都去附近的公园散步。
一天，她在公园里看到了邻居Lucy的儿子Martin独自坐在公园的长椅上。经询问得知，他的妈妈刚找到
一份工作，所以让他在公园里等着她下班。Doris为这个可怜的孩子感到难过，于是她坐在他旁边，等着Lucy来接他。后来Lucy来了，她解释道，如果社会福利机构发现Lucy将他独立放在家里，就不会再让她
抚养Martin了。为了工作，Lucy别无选择，只能把他留在公园里。第二天早上，当Lucy去上班时，Doris
在家门外遇见了她，她告诉Doris，Martin身体不舒服，还在睡觉，所以今天他不得不待在家里。Doris明
白Lucy正冒着被社会服务机构抓住的风险，把马丁一个人留在家里。于是她提出要照顾Martin。
【解析】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Lucy听了喜极而泣。”可知，第一段可描写Doris照顾Martin的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“Doris离开后，Martin说：‘妈妈，我可以请多丽丝做我的奶奶吗？’”可知，第二
段可描写Martin询问Doris是否当他奶奶，Doris同意，二人紧紧相拥。
2.续写线索：高兴——感谢——照顾Martin——离开——Martin想让Doris做他奶奶——Doris同意——二
人相拥
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：finish/complete
②回来：come back/return
③给：hand/give
情绪类
①高兴的：glad/happy
②感动的：touched/moved
【亮点】[高分句型1] As soon as Lucy left Doris took out her knitting kit and started to make socks and a scarf
for Martin.（运用了as soon as引导的状语从句）
[高分句型2] When Martin woke up, he was glad Doris was there. （运用了when引导的状语从句）
[高分句型3] When she finished Martin put on the socks and scarf and felt very pleased.（运用了when引导的状
语从句）
