必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he
attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著
名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。But he
became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people
exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到
很振奋。This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不
了解它的治疗方法。So many thousands of terrified people died every
time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯
诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。He knew that cholera would never be
controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无
法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how
cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。The first
suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas
floated around until it found its victims.一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖
着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。The second
suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。From the
stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected
person died.病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed
evidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。So when another
outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在
1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。As the
disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to
gather information.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯诺就开始收集资
料。In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行
的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。He was determined to find out
why.他决心要查明其原因。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people
had lived.首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。This gave him a
valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的
很有价值的线索。Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad
Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附
近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。He also noticed that some houses
(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had
no deaths.他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9
号）却无人死亡。He had not foreseen this, so he made further
investigations. 他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。He
discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.
他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，They had been given free
beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.而酒馆为他们免费提
供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。It seemed that the water
was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two
streets.接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。He found that it came
from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他发现，水是从河
里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。He immediately told the
astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump
so that it could not be used.他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把
手。这样，水泵就用不成了。Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久
疫情就开始得到缓解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germs
and not in a cloud of gas.他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two
other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一
个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。A
woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from
the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一
位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到
家里来。Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the
water.她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。With this extra evidence
John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water
carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污
染了的水携带着病菌。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the
source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，
约翰· 斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。The water companies were
instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司
也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。Finally "King Cholera" was
defeated.最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。
1.必修五Unit 1 COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
哥白尼的革命性理论
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.尼古拉·
哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。Although he had tried to ignore them, all his
mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth
was not the centre of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，
然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。Only
if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the
sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能
说得清楚。Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful
Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an
idea.他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受
到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。They believed God had made the world and
for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar
system.教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必
定要成为太阳系的中心。
The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets
in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a
loop.这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往
后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，Others appeared brighter at times and
less bright at others.而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。This was
very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all
planets went round it.如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的
话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried
to find an answer.哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答
案。He had collected observations of the stars and used all his
mathematical knowledge to explain them.他曾经收集过观察星球的数据，
并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。But only his new theory could
do that.但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。So between 1510 and 1514 he
worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was
complete.于是，他在1510 至1514 年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，
直到他感到完善时为止。
In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.1514 年，他把他的新理论私下
里给他的朋友们看。The changes he made to the old theory were
revolutionary.他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。He placed a fixed sun at
the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only
the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，
而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。He also suggested that
the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained
changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the
stars.他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运
动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。His friends were enthusiastic and
encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.他的
朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，He did not want
to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay
dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543 年临终之前才公
布了这一观点。
Certainly he was right to be careful.当然，他小心谨慎是对的。The Christian
Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people
who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理
论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。Yet Copernicus'
theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.
然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。His theory replaced the
Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God
created the earth as the centre of the universe.他的理论还改变了基督教对
地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正
是宇宙的中心。Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.哥白尼表明这
是明显错误的。Now people can see that there is a direct link between his
theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen
Hawking.如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。
2.必修五Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之谜
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four
countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人们也许觉得奇
怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太
一样。You can clarify this question if you study British history.但如果你学
过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。
First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.
首先是英格兰。威尔士于13 世纪同英格兰联合了起来。Now when people
refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今只要有人提起英格兰，
你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。Next England and Wales were joined to
Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to
"Great Britain".接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17 世纪联合了起来，名字就改
成了“大不列颠”。Happily this was accomplished without conflict when
King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.令人
庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和
平地实现了联合。Finally the English government tried in the early
twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland
connected in the same peaceful way.最后，英国政府打算于20 世纪初把爱
尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。However, the southern
part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own
government.然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府
So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to
become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new
flag called the Union Jack.因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合
起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg,
the currency and international relations), but they still have very
different institutions.值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作
例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是它们在制度上仍然存在很大的区别。For
example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different
educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for
competitions like the World Cup!例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体
制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的
足球队。
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is
divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方
便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。The zone nearest France is called the
South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one
nearest to Scotland is known as the North.最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格
兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。
You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the
industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.你可以看到英
国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。Although,
nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have
world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!尽管，英
国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足
球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。It is a pity that the industrial cities built in
the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.很遗憾，这些建于19 世纪的
工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。For historical architecture you have to go to
older but smaller towns built by the Romans.要找历史性建筑你得去更古老
的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。There you will find out more about
British history and culture.在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的
东西。
The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art
collections, theatres, parks and buildings.最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿
有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。It is the centre of national
government and its administration.它是全国的政治中心。It has the oldest
port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building
begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle
constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造
的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁——撒克逊人始建于11 世纪60 年代的最古老的
建筑，还有公元1066 年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。There
have been four sets of invaders of England.曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。
The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.最早的入侵者是
古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。The second, the Anglo-Saxons,
left their language and their government.接着是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，留下
了他们的语言和政体。The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary
and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans,
left castles and introduced new words for food.第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他
们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影响；第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的
食物名称的词语。If you look around the British countryside you will find
evidence of all these invaders.如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这
些入侵者的痕迹。You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make
your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果想使你
的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。
3.必修五Unit 2 SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON 伦敦观光记
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the
sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要
在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。Her first delight was going to the Tower.
It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066.她最先想参观的
地方是伦敦塔，它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066 年修建的。Fancy!
This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand
years. 真是太棒了！这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经在那儿屹立一千年了。
Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a
royal palace and prison combined.尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍
然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu
found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on
special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the
time of Queen Elizabeth I.让张萍玉很惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的
特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400 年前伊丽莎白一
世女王时代的制服。
There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London
in 1666.接着参观的是圣·保罗大教堂，它是公元1666 年伦敦大火以后建造的，It
looked splendid when first built!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。
Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting.伦敦威斯敏斯特大教堂也是
很有意思的地方，It contained statues in memory of dead poets and
writers, such as Shakespeare.里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作家的雕像，例如莎
士比亚的雕像。Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the
famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour.正当萍玉从大教
堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。She finished the
day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house
in London.她参观了女王伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。
Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！
The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and
famous clock that sets the world time.第二天，萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天
文台，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的时钟。What interested
her most was the longitude line.她最感兴趣的是那条通过天文台的经线。It
is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the
world and is very useful for navigation.这是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东
西两半球，从而有利于航海。It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a
photo taken standing on either side of the line.这条线穿过格林尼治，萍玉
就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。
The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery.最后一
天，她参观了伦敦海洛特公墓里的卡尔·马克思的雕像。It seemed strange that
the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in
London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且
在伦敦去世。Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading
room of the Library of the British Museum.不仅如此，他还在大英博物馆著
名的图书阅览室里工作过。Sadly the library had moved from its original
place into another building and the old reading room was gone.遗憾的
是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也没
有了。But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different
cultures displayed in the museum.但是她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出
的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。When she saw many visitors enjoying
looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show,
she felt very proud of her country.当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注
视着古老漂亮的中国陶瓷和其他展品时，心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。
The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle.再过一天，萍
玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。"Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she
wondered as she fell asleep.她边睡觉边想：“也许我能见到女王呢？”
4.必修五Unit 3 FIRST IMPRESSIONS 第一印象
Spacemall: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.com
太空邮件：liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceSation.com
15/11/3008 (Earthtime)(地球时间)
Dear Mum and Dad, I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize
that I won last year.亲爱的爸爸妈妈：我现在仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获
得的这个奖励。I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD
3008.我得不断提醒自己，我真的已经进入到公元3008 年了。Worried about
the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered
from “Time lag”.因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实，结果我得了
时间滞后症。This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it
seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.这就
与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎会不断闪现
以前的时光。So I was very nervous and uncertain at first.因此，我一开始就
感到神经过敏和心神不定。However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was
very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot.
但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴，给了我几粒绿色药片，倒是挺起作用的。
Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future
Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.他父母的
公司叫做“未来之旅”，以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个时间舱里，平
安地把我送入了未来。
I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us
all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening.我仍旧记得
我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱，爬上去进入一个小门。The seats were
comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our
eyes.座位是很舒适的，喝了点镇静剂后，我们的眼睛就闭上了，感到昏昏欲睡似
的。The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and
dreaming.时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃，我们放松地躺在那里做梦。A few minutes
later, the journey was completed and we had arrived.几分钟以后，旅程结
束，我们就到了。I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the
future. What would I find?我仍然在地球上，但是进入到了未来的一千年。我
们会看到什么呢？
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始新的环境让
我很难忍受。The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had
little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。Hit
by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。Just
as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang
Ping appeared.正当我想努力调整适应新环境时，王平出现了。"Put on this
mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better."他告诉我，“把这个面
罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。” He handed it to me and immediately
hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest.他把面罩递给我，敦
促我马上走进附近的一个小房间，叫我休息。I felt better in no time.我立刻就
感到舒服些了。Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to
collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.很快，我就又一次恢复过来
了，跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的气垫车。These carriages float above
the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can
move swiftly.这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的，只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯
或压下，你就可以迅速地移动。Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and
showed me how to use it.王平系紧了我的安全带，教我怎样使用它。Soon I
could fly as fast as him.不久，我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。However, I lost
sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market
because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.可是，当我们到达
一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了
He was swept up into the centre of them.他被卷入到这群车队里去了。Just
at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it
had been in the year AD 2008.就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回，
这样我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008 年的那个地区。I realized that I had
been transported into the future of what was still my hometown!我这才
懂得我被送到了未来，但却仍然在自己的家乡。Then I caught sight of Wang
Ping again and flew after him.就在这个时候，我又见到了王平，于是又跟在他
后面飞去。
Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright
clean room.到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大
房间。It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting.墙是绿色的，地板
是棕色的，灯光很柔和。Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees!突
然墙壁移动了——原来是树形成的！I found later that their leaves provided
the room with much-needed oxygen.后来我才发现，就是这些树的叶子为这
栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a
computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor
as if by magic.然后王平在电脑屏幕上的开关上闪了一下，于是一张桌子和几把
椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。"Why not sit down and eat a
little?" he said. “怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢？”他说道，"You may find this
difficult as it is your first time travel trip. “你第一次作这样的时间旅行，可
能会感到有些困难。Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the
timetable today.你可以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。Tomorrow
you'll be ready for some visits."明天你还要准备参观几个地方。” Having
said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from
the floor.说完这些，他把食物摆在桌子上，又从地板下取出一张床来。After he
left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath.他离开后，我简单吃了饭，洗了个热水
澡。Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.实在累坏了，我溜上床很快
就睡着了。
More news later from 以后再谈吧！
your loving son,你的儿子
Li Qiang 李强
5.必修五Unit 3 I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS
我看到了奇妙的东西
My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in
space.我首先参观的是一个太空站，这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。
Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to
imitate the pull of the earth's gravity.太空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在太空中缓
缓的旋转，以仿照出地球重心的引力。Inside was an exhibition of the most
up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century.太空站里展出了31 世纪一些最
前沿的发明。A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.有个
导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上，到各处参观。
G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008.导游：从2008 年来访的朋友
们，早上好！First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of
communication among our space citizens.首先，我们要查看一种我们太空
居民使用的最新的通讯方式。No more typists working on a typewriter or
computer!再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了！No more postage
or postcodes!再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了！Messages can now be sent
using a "thought pad".现在用一种“思想仪”就可以传递信息。You place
the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending
button, think your message and the next instant it's sent.你把金属带放在
头上，整理思路，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻功夫信息就发
送出去了。It's stored on the "thought pad" of the receiver.这个信息会储存
在接受者的“思想仪”里。It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly.
它快捷有效，而且环保。The only limitation is if the user does not think his
or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent.唯一的缺点是，如
果使用者不能想清楚要传递的信息，发送出去的信息可能是模糊不清的。But we
cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?但我们不能因为
使用者的使用不当而责备仪器，是不是？
During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called
"thought pads" on a table.在导游解说的时候，我观看着桌上这副被称为“思
想仪”的小东西。They just looked like metal ribbons.它们看上去像金属带子
So ordinary but so powerful!那么普通，但却那么神通广大！While I was
observing them, the path moved us on.正当我还在观察时，运送带向前移动
了。
G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area".导
游：女士们先生们，现在我们到了“环保地带”。People used to collect waste
in dustbins.以前人们习惯用垃圾箱收集废弃物，Then the rubbish was sent
to be buried or burned, am I right? (We nodded.)然后这些垃圾被送走埋掉
或烧掉，我说的对吧？（我们都点头。）Well, now there's a system where the
waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.可现在我们有一种装
置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。A giant machine, always greedy for
more, swallows all the waste available.一架巨大的机器，能把所有能获得的
废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。The rubbish is turned into several
grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for
deserts.然后垃圾被分解成了几种有用的物质，如庄稼地的“肥料”和沙漠中的
“ 土壤” 。Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is
recycled.什么都不浪费，所有的东西，哪怕是塑料袋也被回收利用了。A great
idea, isn't' it?伟大的创意，对不对？
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its
efficiency.我注视着缓缓移动的垃圾分解机器模型，为它的成效所吸引。But
again we moved on.但是，我们又开始向前移动了。
G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work
practices. 导游：第三站要展示给我们的是工作实践方面的一些变化。
Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations
like this one.批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是转移到了像这样的太空站里。A
group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space.在太空
里，一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工作。The robots produce
goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc.机器人生
产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车等东西。There is no waste, no pollution and
no environmental damage!没有废弃物、没有污染，也没有环境破坏。
However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and
work in space settlements.但是，这些公司必须培训他们的代表能在太空中生
活和工作。They have to monitor the robots and the production.他们必须
在此监控机器人和生产过程。When the goods are ready they're
transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.一旦货物齐备，就用工用
太空船运送到地球。
My mind began to wander.我的思绪开始漫游。What job would I do?我能
从事什么工作呢？My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful
world of the future.当我想到这个奇妙的未来世界时，我兴趣倍增、干劲十足
6.必修五Unit 4 MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT
我的第一项工作任务
"Unforgettable", says new journalist “难以忘怀，”新闻记者说
Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a
popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一
项工作任务。His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to
strongly influence his life as a journalist.他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者
生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first
job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这里首先就是当助理记者。有什
么问题吗？
ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?
周：我可以马上去采访吗？
HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual !
Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to
an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the
article yourself.
胡：（笑）真是勇气可嘉！不过恐怕这不太合乎常规，还是等到你比较有经验以后
吧。我们先要派你给有经验的记者作助理。以后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访并
提交自己的新闻稿。
ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a
notebook and camera.
周：太好了！我需要随身带些什么？我已经带了笔记本和照相机。
HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with
you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist
you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re
interested.
胡：不需要照相机！你们将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。你将发现你的同事们会
热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。
ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an
amateur course at university to update my skills.
周：谢谢你。对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新
我的技术。
HX: Good.
胡：那很好啊。
ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
周：我出去采访时还需要记住些什么事呢？
HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions
will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good
journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be
able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try
to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the
missing parts of the story.
胡：你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你需要知
道的信息。我们说，一个好的记者必须有一个对新闻非常敏感的“嗅觉“。那就
是说，在人们没有说出全部真相时，你必须能够判断出，并努力发现真相。记者必
须通过调查研究，来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。
ZY: What should I keep in mind?
周：我应该注意些什么呢？
HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline,
don't be rude, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the
interviewee carefully.
胡：下面是我的行为准则：不要延误任务规定的期限，不可对人粗鲁，不可自己说
得太多，务必认真倾听被采访人回答问题。
ZY: Why is listening so important?
周：为什么听人家讲话这样重要呢？
HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to
prepare the next question depending on what the person says.
胡：你得听清楚事实的细节。同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一
个问题。
ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
周：在我记笔记的同时，怎么能仔细倾听对方的答话呢？
HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a
recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to
challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.
胡：这就是我们职业的诀窍了。如果被采访人允许，你可以使用录音机，录下全部
事实。如果有人提出质疑，这也有用，你就有证据来支持自己的报道了。
ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your
journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
周：我明白了！你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实？
HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A
footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring
goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He
denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an
interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body
language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article
suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could
have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us
publishing it but later we were proved right.
胡：有的。不过这是很久以前的事了。事情是这样的：一位足球运动员被指控受贿
故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。我们去采访了他。他否认收了钱，但我们对此表
示怀疑。于是，我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访，而当我们看
到他们在一起时，我们就从足球运动员的体态语上猜到他没有说真话。我们写了
一篇文章，暗示足球队员有罪。这事有些为难，因为如果我们错了，他就可以向我
们索要赔偿。他竭力阻止我们发表这篇文章，但后来证实我们是正确的。
ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first
assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!
周：哇！那才是真正的独家新闻哩！我期盼着即将到来的首次任务。说不定我也
会搞到独家新闻呢！
HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.
胡：也许你会的，谁知道呢。
7.必修五Unit 4 GETTING THE "SCOOP"抢发独家新闻
"Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition
to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had
just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star.
周阳刚刚采访了一位著名影星回到办公室，编辑就说：“快点把那篇报道准备好
我们这一版就要用，这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了，这就是抢先的独家新
闻。"Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News
Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to
work.国际新闻编辑部有人提出问题：“他真的干了那种事吗？”周阳回答说：
“是的，恐怕是这样的。”接着他便着手准备报道了。
His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully.他的第一
件事就是写报道稿，他必须认认真真地写。Although he realized the man had
been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.尽管他认为
那个人一直在说谎话，但周阳懂得，他决不能直接指责那个人。He would have
to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that.他必须做到准确无误，
还要简明扼要。他知道该如何做。Months of training had taught him to
write with no wasted words or phrases.经过几个月的培训，他已经学会了写
文章，全然没有废话。He sat down at his computer and began to work.他在
电脑前坐下就开始工作了。
The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his
department.第一个看到这篇文章的人是他们部里的一位编审。He checked
the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.他核查
了文中的证据，阅读了整篇报道，然后递给技术编辑。She began to edit the
piece and design the main headline and smaller heading.她就开始了编辑
工作，设计了主标题和副标题。“This will look very good on the page,”
she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?"她说：“在版面上这会很好
看。这个人的照片该放在哪儿好呢？” Then as the article was going to be
written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker
employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来
写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行
润饰。She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story.这位雇员对周阳的报
道也很满意。"You are really able to write a good front page article," she
said.她评价说：“你确实能写很好的头版新闻了。” Zhou Yang smiled with
happiness. 周阳高兴地笑了。Last of all, the chief editor read it and
approved it.最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表了。"Well done," he said
to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've
got our facts straight.”他对周阳说：“文章写得很好，不过你还得拿出证据来
表明事实确凿。” “I’ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang
excitedly.周阳激动地说：“我马上拿来。”
The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the
stories and photos until all the pages were set.新闻文字编辑取走这篇报道，
开始对所有的报道和图片进行编排，直至把各版面全部编定。All the
information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.此后，所
有的报道材料就要被制成胶片。This was the first stage of the printing
process. 这是印制过程的第一道工序。They needed four negatives, as
several colours were going to be used on the story.由于这篇报道要用好几
种颜色，因此需要四张胶片。Each of the main colours had one negative
sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the
newspaper.每一种主色要用一张底片，四张底片结合起来就制成一张报纸的彩
页。After one last check the page was ready to be printed.经过最后一次校
对后，这个版面就可以准备印制了。Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first
copies to be ready.周阳兴奋地等待着第一批报纸的印出。"Wait till tonight,"
his friend whispered. “要等到今天晚上。”他的朋友轻声地告诉他说。"I
expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real
scoop!" “我期望电视新闻会对这件事作一点报道。真是独家新闻了！”
8.必修五Unit 5 FIRST AID FOR BURNS 烧伤的急救
The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.皮肤是身
体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。You have three layers of skin
which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful
rays.皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。The
functions of your skin are also very complex:皮肤的功能十分复杂。it keeps
you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water;皮
肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。it is where you feel cold, heat or pain
and it gives you your sense of touch.正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使
你有触觉。So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very
serious.因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。First aid
is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.在治疗烧伤的过程
中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。
Causes of burns 烧伤的原因：
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire,
radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or
chemicals.你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠
近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。
Types of burns 烧伤的种类：
There are three types of burns.烧伤有三类。Burns are called first, second
or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are
burned.根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
◎ First degree burns: These affect only the top layer of the skin. These
burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot
pan, stove or iron for a moment.
·一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。
例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer
of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.
Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
·二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重
的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any
tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by
electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns
cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
·三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的
烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常
严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。
Characteristics of burns 烧伤的特性：
First degree burns 一度烧伤：
◎ dry, red and mildly swollen 干燥、发红、微肿
◎ mildly painful 微痛
◎ turn white when pressed 受压时变白
Second degree burns 二度烧伤
◎ rough, red and swollen 粗糙、发红、肿胀
◎ blisters 起水泡
◎ watery surface 表层渗液
◎ extremely painful 极其疼痛
Third degree burns 三度烧伤：
◎ black and white and charred 黑、白和焦炭色相间
◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen 肿胀，可看到皮下组织
◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of
injured area. 若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或者在创面四周有疼感
First aid treatment 急救处理：
1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the
burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉（必要时可用剪刀帮助）。靠近创
面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place
burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water
stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and
reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的
自来水下冲洗大约10 分钟。（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼
痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度）。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the
pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by
putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and
placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour
until the pain is not so bad.
3、对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时
为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在
烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters
and the wound may get infected.
4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to
the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or
ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause
infection.
5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧
伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if
possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。
如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the
victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。
9.必修五Unit 5 HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD
英雄青年获奖记
Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the
Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on
his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.17 岁的青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里
弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上领奖，因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，
为邻居实施了紧急救援。
John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the
bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.在颁奖大会上，约
翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. (那天)约翰正在
房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫，When he and his father rushed outside, a
man ran from the scene.他和父亲赶紧冲出去，发现一名男子从现场逃跑，
They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed
repeatedly with a knife.而三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。She
was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.她躺在前花园的地上，
流血不止。Her hands had almost been cut off.她的双手几乎被砍断了。
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms
Slade's life. 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。He
immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when
nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels
and tape from their house.他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，当他们都找不到绷
带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。John used these to
treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.约翰就用这些东西把斯
莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。He slowed the bleeding by applying
pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他使劲地
按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
"I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,"
John said.约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，不过，我所做的都是以前别人
教会我做的事。”
John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.约
翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。When congratulating John, Mr
Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is
no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at
school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can
make a real difference."该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：
“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的
生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。”
Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life
Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime
Minister.约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖时，还出席了由首相主持的特殊的
招待会。
