人教版高中英语必修1 课文原文及翻译
必修
1 第一单元
Reading
ANNE’S BEST FRIEND
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,
like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that
your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what
you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so
she made her diary her best friend.
安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或
者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?
弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋
友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World
War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would
be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away
for two years before they were discovered.
During that time the only true friend was her diary. She
said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as
most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and
I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being
in the hiding place since July 1942.
在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都
是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去
她和她的家人躲藏了25 个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成
了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水
账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”
现在，来看看安妮自1942 年7 月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。
Thursday 15, June, 1944Dear kitty,I wonder if it’s because I
haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown
so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well
remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song
of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me
spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.
… For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on
purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a
good look at the moon for once by myself.
But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’ t dare
open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to
be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t
go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy
evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in
their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d
seen the night face to face…
… Sadly… I am only able to look at nature through dirty
curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure
looking through these any longer because nature is one thing
that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne
1944 年6 月15 日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为
我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热
我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令
我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。 ……比如说，有一
天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11 点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独
自好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打开窗户。还有一
次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直
呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌
云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹
的夜晚…… ……不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮
的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然
是需要真正体验的东西。你的安妮
Using Language 语言运用
Reading and listening 读与听
1
Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for
Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening,
check and discuss her advice.
Dear Miss Wang,I am having some trouble with my
classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy
in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy
helping each other. We have become really good friends.
But other students have started gossiping. They say that
this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I
don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping.
What should I do?Yours,Lisa
1 读读琳达为青少年写给电台王小组的这封信，然后王小姐可能
会怎么说。听完录音之后，核对并讨论她的建议。
亲爱的王小姐：
现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直
相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成
了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男
同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人
家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
你的莉萨
Reading and writing 读与写Miss Wang has received a
letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read
the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.王
小姐收到小冬的一封来信。小冬是要征求一些意见。仔细阅读右边的信
然后帮王小姐回复。
Dear Miss Wang,I’m a student from Huzhou Senior High
School. I have a problem. I’m not very good at communicating
with people. Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it
hard to make good friends with them. So I feel quite lonely
sometimes. I do want to change this situation, but I don’ t
know how. I would be grateful if you could give me some
advice.Yours, Xiaodong
亲爱的王小姐：我是湖州高中的一名学生，我有一个难题，我不大
善于与人们交际。虽然我试着和班上的同学交谈，但是，我还是很难跟
他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分的孤独。我确实想改变这种
现状，但是我却不知道怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感谢
的。你的小东
2
Decide which are the best ideas and put them into an order.
Then write down your advice and explain how it will help. Each
idea can make one paragraph. The following sample and the
expressions may help you
Dear Xiaodong,I’m sorry you are having trouble in making
friends. However, the situation is easy to change if you follow
my advice. Here are some tips to help you.First, why not… ?If
you do this,… Secondly, you could / can …
Then / That way, …Thirdly, it would be a good idea if …By
doing this, … I hope you will find these ideas useful.YoursMiss
Wang
2 决定哪些是最好并把它们按顺序组织起来。然后把你的建议写
出来，并解释它为什么会有所帮助。每个想法可以自成一个段落。下面
的例子和表达可能对你有所帮助。
亲爱的小冬：很遗憾听说你在交朋友的过程中遇到了困难。但是，
如果你听听我的建议，这种情况是很容易改变的。这些建议会对你有所
帮助。第一，为什么不……呢？如果你这样做…… 第二，你可以……这样
的话……第三，如果……那将是个不错的主意。通过做……我希望你会发
现这些想法对你有所帮助。你的王小姐
LEARNING TIP 学习建议
It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. It can help you
remember past events. You can express your feelings and
thoughts in it. It will help you improve your English if you write
your diary in English. Why not have a try?
写日记对你来说是一个好习惯。它可以帮你记住一些过去发生的事
件。你还可以在日记中表达你的情感和思想。如果你用英语写日记的话
还可以帮助你提高英语水平。为什么不试一试呢？
第二单元Reading 阅读
English around the world
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of the 16th
century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century,
people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of
the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in
many other countries. Today, more people speak English as
their first, second or foreign language than ever before. 通向现
代英语之路在16 世纪末，大约有五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些
讲英语的人都住在英格兰。在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界
航海到了世界其他一些地方，结果世界的其他地方的人们也开始说英语
了。今天，把英语作为自己的第一语言、第二语言或外语来使用的人比
以往任何时候都多。
Native English speakers can understand each other even if
they don’ t speak the same kind of English. Look at this
example:British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?American
Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.以英语作为母语
的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。请看看这个
例子：英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你
的公寓吧。So why has English changed over time? Actually all
languages change and develop when cultures meet and
communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in
England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different
from the English spoken today. It was based more on German
than the English we speak at present.
Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English
became less like German because those who ruled England
spoken first Danish and later French. These new settlers
enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.
So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a
wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers
moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British
people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken
in both countries.那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？
实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化
开始，英格兰人在大约公元450 年到1150 年之间所说的英语与我们今
天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，不像我
们现在说的英语。后来，大约在公元800 年至1150 年之间，英语慢慢变
得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是说丹麦语，后来说法
语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。所以
到17 世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰富的
词汇。1620 年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18 世纪的时候，
一些英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国家使用。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At
that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first
Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster
wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The
latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后
到19 世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写发生
了两个很大的变化：先是塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚·
韦伯斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独
特的个性。English now is also spoken as a foreign or second
language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large
number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India
from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the
language for government and education. English is also spoken
in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South
Africa.
Today the number of people learning English in China is
increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of
English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity?
Only time will tell.现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。
比如，印度就有很多人说英语说得很流利，因为在1765 年到1947 年之
间英国统治着印度。在此期间，英语成了印度政府和教育所用的语言。
在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，人们现在也说英语。当今，在
中国学英语的人数正在快速增加，事实上，中国可能是学英语人数最多
的国家。中国式英语是否也能发展成一种具有自己独特个性的语言？这
还有待时间去证明。
Using Language 语言运用
STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard
English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India
and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as
standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on
TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early
days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to
speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will
hear differences in the way people speak.
When people use words and expressions different form
“standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English
has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African
American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA,
two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.
American English has so many dialects because people have
come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in
making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the
eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When
Americans moved form one place to another, they took their
dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the
southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people
in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which
many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans
move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s
dialects.
什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西
兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认
为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台
节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视
和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。 当人们使用不同于“标
准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别
是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即
使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。美
国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。
地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比
较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就
把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的
人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的
方言。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的
方言。
Reading and speaking 读与说
1 Amy and her American friends are visiting London. They
plan to visit Amy’ s aunt and decide to go there by
underground, but cannot find the nearest underground station.
So she asks directions and then tells her friends. Read the
dialogue and circle the words that mean the same.
1 艾米和她的美国朋友正在参观伦敦。她们计划去拜访艾米的姑
妈，并决定乘地铁去，但是她们找不到最近的地铁站。所以她问问了路，
然后告诉她的朋友。读对话，然后圈出意思相同的词。AMY: Excuse
me, Ma’ma. Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?
LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your
left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets. It’ ll be on
your right-hand side.AMY: Thanks so much.FRIENDS: What did
she say, Amy?AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the
left and keep going straight for two blocks. The subway will be
on our right.艾米：对不起，夫人，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走
吗？夫人：呃……地铁？哦，往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地
铁就是右边。艾米：多谢了。朋友：艾米，她说什么？艾米：她叫我们往左
边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边。【意思相同的词】
subway←→underground （地铁）right-hand side←→right （右边）
street←→block 街道，街区
第三单元
Travel journal
JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
沿湄公河而下的旅行
PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN
My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister
Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and
then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our
cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.
They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near
the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the
Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got them
interested in cycling too. After graduating from college.
we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my
sister, "Where are we going?" It was my sister who first had the
idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it
begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for
the trip.
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.
She can be really stubborn. Although she didn't know the best
way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip
properly. Now, I know that the proper way is always her way. I
kept asking her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming
back?"
I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course,
she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about details. So I told her
that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave
me a determined look— the kind that said she would not
change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin
at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be
excited about it.
When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it
would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting
experience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her
mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.
Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the
library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed
details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that
the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. At
first the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it
begins to move quickly.
It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys,
travelling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river
becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. We were both
surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves
China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide，
brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.
It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the
plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South
China Sea.
沿湄公河而下的旅行
第一部分 梦想与计划
我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的
自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说
服我也买了一辆。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟—在昆明读大学的刀伟
和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河
在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王
薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作
一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄
公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在，她正为这次旅行制订
计划。
我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。
尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排
的尽善尽美。现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我老是
问她：“我们什么时候动身？什么时候回来？”我问她是否已经看过地
图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是我告诉她湄
公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不
会改变主意的。当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000 多米的的高地出发时
她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，而且天
气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，
她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。
在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到了一本大
型的地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄
公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它
开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。有时，这条
河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷。我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半是在中国境
内。当流出中国，流出高地后，湄公河就变宽，变暖了。河水也变成了黄
褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到
了长着稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。
Reading and discussingPART
2 A NIGHT
IN
THE
MOUNTAINS
第
二部分 山中一宿
PART 2A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS
Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning
to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt
like blocks of ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?
That's what we looked like! Along the way children dressed in
long wool coats stopped to look at us.
In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water
bottles froze.However,the lakes shone like glass in the setting
sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as
usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage
her.
To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked
around us,we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able
to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found
ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down
the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much
warmer.
In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we
saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we
had to change our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts
and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make
camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang
Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I
stayed awake.
At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew
brighter. It was so quiet.There was almost no wind-only the
flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I
thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach
Dali in Yunnan Province soon,where our cousins Dao Wei and
Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!
虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就
像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样。一路上，
一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现
由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，
景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给
她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感
到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自
己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别
是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们
身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、
手套和长裤脱掉，换成T 恤衫和短裤。
一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，（于是），我们先把帐篷支起来，
然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。半夜里
天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。（夜晚）非常安静——几乎没有风，只有
篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。
我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航
将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
Unit 4 Earthquakes
第四单元 地震
Reading
A NIGHT
THE
EARTH
DIDN'T
SLEEP
地球的一个不眠之夜
A NIGHT
THE
EARTH
DIDN'T
SLEEP
Strange things were
happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days
the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers
noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas
came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even
the pigs were too nervois to eat.Mice ran out of the fields
looking for places to hide.
Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am
on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The
sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan
even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes
in some buildings cracked and burst.but the one million people
of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as
usual that night.
At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the
world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city
the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was
felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres
away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight
kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads
and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.
Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir.In fifteen terrible
seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was
extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without
parents.The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was natural?
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of
the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of
its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn
leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell
and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.
The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of
thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million
pigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the
wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that
afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the
first one shook Tangshan.
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped
under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and
electricity were hard to get.people began to wonder how long
the disaster would last.
All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent
150,000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
help
the
rescue
workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The
army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and
to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000
miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and
plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.
河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升
升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒
出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出
来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976 年7 月28 日凌晨
3 点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山
城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，
唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡
着了。
在凌晨3 点42 分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十
世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11 公里处发生了。100 公里以
外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1 / 3 的地方都有震感。一条8 公里长
30 米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。
石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15 秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片
废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3 的人在地震中死去或受伤。成
千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40 多万。
幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪
里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%
的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能
被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。
铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50 万头猪和几
百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下
午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生
和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难
弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15 万名战士到唐
山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将
受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的
煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避
难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市
又开始出现了生机。
Reading and speaking
Office of the City Government
Tangshan,Hebei
China
July5,2007
Dear____,
Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have
won the high school speaking competition about new
Tangshan. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all
of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents
and your school should be very proud of you!
Next month the city will open a new park to honour those
who died in the terrible disaster. The park will also honour those
who helped the survivors. Our office would like to have you
speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am. As you
know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.
We invite you to bring your family and friends on that
special day.
Sincerely,
Zhang Sha
唐山市政府办公室亲爱的______________：
恭喜你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比
赛中获得第一名。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演
讲是今年最好的。你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去
的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想
请你在7 月28 日上午11 点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十
（）年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来。
诚挚的
张沙
Unit 5 第五单元 纳尔逊·曼德拉—— 一位当代英雄
ELIAS ' STORY
ELIAS
' STORY
伊莱亚斯的
故事
My name is Elias. I am a poor
black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson
Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years
old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I
went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on
their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I
was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I
began school at six. The school where I studied for only two
years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my
family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus
fare. I could not read or write well.
After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this
was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in
Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born
there, and I worried about whether I would become out of
work.
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my
happiest. He told my how to get the correct papers so I could
stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I
never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the
ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:
“ The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of
laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have
reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their
leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of
town in which they had to live were decided by white people.
The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were
the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food
there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position in which we had either to
accept we were less important or fight the government. We
chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which
was peaceful; when this was not allowed… only then did we
decide to answer violence with violence.
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I
helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very
dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I
was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our
dream of making black and white people equal.
我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见
到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。（当时）我才12
岁，那是在1952 年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷
苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。
由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学，我
仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭
无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，
我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯
堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那
里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告
诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未
来又充满了希望。我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情，当他组织了非国大
青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30 年来所出现的
大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在
几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人
他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。
他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够
种庄稼。事实上，就像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现
实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式
来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们
才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，……但是在1963 年的时候，我帮助他炸
毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就
会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑
人和白人平等的梦想。
THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made
us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped. There I
spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelsom
Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began
a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us
during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have
been asleep.
We read books under our blankets and used anything we
could find to make candles to see the words. I became a good
student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed
to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join
us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their
degrees. They were not cleverer than me , but they did pass
their exams. So I knwe I could get a degree too. That made me
feel good about myself.
When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a
job. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.
However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been
in prinson for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my
job. I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and
the ANC came to power in 1994. All that time my wife and
children had to beg for good and help from relatives or friends.
Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job
taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd. I felt
bad the first time I talked to a group. All the terror and fear of
that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings and the
cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would
not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.
They said that the job and the pay from the new South
African government were my reward after working all my life for
equal rights for the Blacks. So now at 51 I am proud to show
visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in
their own land.
