2027 年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升
练）
专题 02 冠词
目录
第一部分 必备知识结构化清单
梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力
第二部分 必备能力题型强化练
必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力
◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单
一、基本概念与分类
类别 形式 基本含义 核心作用
不定冠词 a / an 一个、某一个（泛指） 修饰单数可数名词，表泛指、类别、数量
定冠词 the 这个/那个/这些/那些（特 修饰各类名词，表特指、独一无二、双方熟知
指） 的人/物
零冠词 无冠词 泛指、抽象、统称 名词前不加任何冠词，多用于复数名词、不可
数名词、固定搭配
二、不定冠词 a / an 的用法（高考重点）
1.区分规则
a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an 用于元音音素（a/e/i/o/u）开头的单词前（看发音，不看字母）。
2.主要用法
用法分类 规则说明 例句
1. 表数量“一” 强调单个，相当于 one I have a new pen. 我有一支新钢笔。
This is an orange. 这是一个橙子。
2. 表泛指“某一个” 泛指同类人/事物中的任意 A student is waiting for you. 有个学生在等
一个 你。
3. 表类别（一类人/物） 泛指整个类别，相当于 any A dog is a pet animal. 狗是一种宠物。
4. 用于首次提及的单数名 第一次提到某人/某物，下 I saw a girl. The girl was tall. 我看到一个女
词 文再次提改用 the 孩，那个女孩个子很高。5. 固定搭配 / 抽象名词具 部分抽象名词前加 a/an， a surprise 一件意外的事
体化 表“一阵、一场、一种” a heavy rain 一场大雨
It's a pleasure to help you. 很高兴帮你。
6. 表“每一”= every 用于时间、度量单位前 We have meals three times a day. 我们一天吃
三餐。
▲易混发音特例（高频易错）
an hour（h不发音，元音开头）
a university （u 发辅音 /j/，用 a）
an honest boy（h不发音）
三、定冠词 the 的用法（考点最多）
用法分类 规则说明 例句
1. 表特指（双方都知道） 谈话双方都明确 Close the door, please. 请把门关上。（双方都知道哪扇
所指的人/物 门）
2. 上文已提及的人/物 前文出现过，再 I bought a book. The book is interesting. 我买了一本
次提及 书，这本书很有趣。
3. 世界上独一无二的事物 天 体 、 自 然 景 the sun 太阳、the moon 月亮、the Great Wall 长城
观、专有名词 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运转。
4. 用于序数词、形容词最 排序、最高程度 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男
高级前 必须加 the 生。
This is the first time I come here. 这是我第一次来这
儿。
5. 用于乐器、球类特指 乐器名词前必加 play the piano 弹钢琴
the She likes playing the violin. 她喜欢拉小提琴。
6. 用于姓氏复数前 表“一家人、夫 the Greens 格林一家
妇” The Wangs live next door. 王家住在隔壁。
7. 用于江河湖海、山脉、 地理专有名词 the Yellow River 黄河、the West Lake 西湖
群岛
8. 用于形容词前 the + 形容词 = the poor 穷人、the old 老人
一类人（复数含 The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老
义） 人。
9. 固定句型：the + 比较 越 … … ， 就 The more you practice, the better you will be. 练习越
级, the + 比较级 越…… 多，你就会越优秀。
四、零冠词（名词前不加 a/an/the）用法核心规则：复数名词、不可数名词表泛指；固定短语、学科、三餐、球类等不加冠词
用法分类 规则说明 例句
1. 三餐、饮食名称 breakfast / lunch / dinner / I have breakfast at 7:00. 我七点吃早餐。
supper
2. 球类、棋类运动 球类、棋牌名词前零冠词 play basketball 打篮球play chess 下棋
（区分乐器）
3. 学科、语言名称 科目、语言类名词 I study English and math. 我学习英语和数
学。
4. 星期、月份、节日、季 泛指的时间名词 Summer is my favourite season. 夏天是我最
节 喜欢的季节。Today is Monday. 今天周一。
5. 人名、地名、国家名 普通人名、城市、单一国 Li Ming is my friend. 李明是我的朋友。
（单数专有） 家 China is a great country. 中国是伟大的国
家。
6. 交通工具（固定搭配） by + 交通工具（单数） by bus 乘公交、by train 坐火车He goes to
school by bike. 他骑车上学。
7. 复数名词/不可数名词表 泛指一类人/事物 Books are our good friends. 书籍是我们的良
泛指 友。
8. 固定短语（高频必考） 固定搭配，约定俗成 go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 at
home 在家on foot 步行
▲零冠词特例（易混对比）
go to school 去上学（零冠词，表功能）
go to the school 去学校（地点，不一定上学）
in hospital 住院（零冠词）
in the hospital 在医院（地点）
五、高考高频易混对比
结构 含义 例句
play + 球类 打球（零冠词） play football
play + the + 乐器 演奏乐器（加 the） play the guitar
by + 交通工具 乘坐（零冠词） by plane
take a / the + 交通工 乘坐（加冠词） take a bus
具
in front of 在物体外部前面 A tree is in front of the house.
in the front of 在物体内部前部 He sits in the front of the classroom.▲冠词解题口诀（方便记忆）
单数可数要用冠，泛指 a/an 特指 the；
元音开头用 an，辅音开头 a 上前；
独一无二序数级，乐器山河都加 the；
三餐球类学科季，交通by后无冠词；
特指双方都明白，再次提及也用the；
固定搭配记心间，改错单选不丢分。
◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练
一、单项选择
1．Olives are technically ______ stone fruit, which means that they have a pit in ______ middle — similar to
cherries, peaches, and mangoes.
A．a; 不填 B．不填; the C．a; the D．the; 不填
2．—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
—Yes. As you saw, ________party went on in ________most pleasant atmosphere.
A．the,a B．the,the C．a,the D．a,a
3．Mr Smith, there is a man at ________ front door who says he has ________ news for you of great importance.
A．the; / B．a;/ C．/; the D．the; a
4．Nicknamed ‘Dr. Doll’ Deng Jiaxian obtained his doctorate at 26, and returning to China right after he
graduated from Purdue.
A．/... persisted in B．as... insisted on C．as…persisted in D．/…insisted on
5．It is ________ tradition for people in this country to pay in________ cash when buying items.
A．the；/ B．a；/ C．/；the D．a；the
6．—I know ________ family is moving to Guangzhou.
—Yes, it’s said they’ll join ________ Charity Club there.
A．Brown; Charity Club B．the Brown; Charity Club
C．Brown; the Charity Club D．the Browns; the Charity Club
7．________Dalian you see today is quite ________ different city from what it used to be.
A．The; / B．/; the C．The; a D．A; a
8．In order to find ________ better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language from that day.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
9．He saw ________ useful book and ________ interesting film last week.
A．a; an B．an; a C．a; a D．an; an
10．It’s ________ to play with them in the training camp. How I wish I could come here ________ second time.
A．a great fun；a B．great fun；aC．a great fun；the D．great fun；the
11．Take your time, it’s just ________ short distance from here to ________bakery.
A．不填；the B．不填；a C．the; a D．a; the
12．Technological innovation (创新) is not only ________ matter of development, but also one of survival in
________ current economic (经济的) environment.
A．a; the B．/; the C．the; a D．the; the
13．If however hard you study you can only score _______ above average grade, don’t worry. Your talent lies
somewhere else. Not everyone is _______ A-student.
A．/; an B．an; an C．an; a D．/; /
14．As we can see, the public have________ strong appetite for scandal.
A．the B．a C．/ D．how
15．If you have _______ chance of studying abroad to research about the local customs and culture, I think living
with a host family will be _______ smart choice.
A．a; a B．the; the C．the; a D．a; the
16．Of her plays, three were _______ and one was _____ failure.
A．success; / B．successes; / C．success; a D．successes; a
17．There was _____ time _____ I was addicted to using the smart phone, unwilling to spend time on study.
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the; when
18．As a film star she was success, but as a wife she was ________failure, so their marriage ended
in________failure.
A．a;a B．a;/ C．the;the D．/;a
19．All the applicants will have ________ second try if they fail________ interview test this time.
A．a; the B．a; an C．an; the D．the; an
20．You should keep ________ open mind. Don’t throw the baby out with ________ bath water.
A．不填; the B．an; the C．the; 不填 D．the; the
21．To tell ________ truth, Tracy’s room is really ________ mess.
A．/; a B．the; / C．the; a D．/; /
22．Almost all sorts of fruit are sold by _______ weight. Eggs are sold by _______ dozen.
A．/ ... the B．/ ... / C．the ... / D．the … the
23．Of the two _______ I’d like to choose _______ expensive one.
A．handkerchiefs ... a less B．handkerchieves ... a least
C．handkerchiefs ... the less D．handkerchieves ... the least
24．“Well,” said the Coach as he hit Paul on shoulder, “you’ve just earned your place on the team.”
A．a B．an C．his D．the
25．China is seeing ________ growing trend in the number of people owning pets and ________ recent survey
finds that one in 13 Chinese now keep animals.
A．the; the B．a; the C．a; a D．the; a26．We’ve made ________ appointment with them to meet at the gate of the museum.
A．the B．an C．/ D．that
27．He is _______ as a leader but he hasn’t _______ in teaching.
A．a success; much experience B．success; many experiences
C．success; an experience D．a success; a lot of experiences
28．—Did you see the new TV show “House of the Dragon”? It’s said to be ______ great fun.
—No, I’ve been busy repairing all the office ______ these days.
A．/; equipment B．/; equipments
C．a; equipment D．a; equipments
29．These days a stable job plays ________ useful part in a single woman’s life.
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
30．—Are you free on weekends?
—Yes, I am going to have picnic on Sunday.
A．the; an B．a; the: C．a;/ D．an;/
31．As an old saying goes, “He who has never been to________ Great Wall is not a true man.”
A．a B．an C．the D．/
32．—America had another 160,000 new COVID-19 cases yesterday.
—But ________ news is not ________shock to many Americans, they’re used to it.
A．the; a B．the; the C．a; a D．a; the
33．It’s wise to keep on ______ good terms with neighbouring countries, which will be mutually beneficial in
______ long term.
A．/; a B．the; a C．/; the D．the; the
34．—My daughter seldom has _________dinner.
—It is __________unhealthy habit. You must ask her to change it.
A．/; an B．the; an C．/; a D．the; a
35．Ryan really had made __________ difference to these children. He broke into __________ joyful smile.
A．the; the B．the; a C．a; the D．a; a
36．He was on ________ phone when I paid ________ visit to him yesterday.
A．the; a B．the; the C．不填; the D．the; 不填
37．Soon after an earthquake ________ 7.4 struck northeastern Japan on March 16, experts on emergency rescue
were called in to give those victims ________ first aid.
A．measured, / B．measured, the C．measuring, / D．measuring, the
38．—Are you in ______ favor of the plan?
—No, but my opinion will not make ______ difference.
A．a; a B．/; a C．a; the D．/; the
39．I couldn’t remember ______ exact date of the Picasso exhibition, but I knew it was ______ Saturday.
A．the; a B．the; the C．an; a D．an; /40．—What were you doing at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
—I was playing ________ football.
A．a B．the C．an D．/
41．—Well, I’d rather play ________ violin.
—And I’d prefer just to ________ with the crowds.
A．the; help out B．\; help of C．the; help of D．\; help out
42．Paris is ______ most beautiful city, where you can see ______ famous Eiffel Tower.
A．/, the B．a, / C．the, an D．a, the
43．The enemy took ________ control of the city. In other words, all the city was under ________ control of the
enemy.
A．the; the B．the; / C．/ ; the D．a; the
44．Going from junior high school to senior high school is ________ really big challenge. The first week was
________ little confusing.
A．the; the B．a; a C．a; / D．/; /
45．—How about _____ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was ______ success.
A．a;a B．a;/ C．the;/ D．the;a
二、阅读理解
1
A new kind of stethoscope (听诊器) that uses artificial intelligence (AI) can detect three different heart
conditions in 15 seconds. Stethoscopes are devices that medical experts use to listen to most sounds in the body,
such as a heartbeat.
In the US, more than 6.5 million people have a condition called heart failure, which occurs when their heart
muscle is not pumping blood properly. There are signs of the condition, including shortness of breath, but estimates
show that 70% of people have the condition confirmed only after they have gone to the hospital for serious
symptoms. Early detection by using this new stethoscope enables patients to receive life-saving treatment sooner.
The new device, which was developed in the UK, is the size of a playing card. Doctors put it on a patient’s
chest, where it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the heart.
This information is then sent to an AI system, which compares it to data from thousands of other people to see if
there’s a problem. The results are immediately sent to a smartphone.
The device was tested in a study with more than 12,700 people over the course of a year. The results showed
that the AI stethoscope was able to detect unusual heart activities that a doctor might miss with a traditional
stethoscope. Patients examined with the AI stethoscope were also twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted.
And the device was 3.5 times more likely to detect atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better
at detecting when one or more of a patient’s heart valves were not working properly.
The AI stethoscope does require some caution, however. The study found that the device often detected heart
failure in patients who did not actually have it. The researchers who designed it said it should be used only when
doctors suspect that a patient has heart problems, not for routine checks on healthy people.46．What can we know about the new kind of stethoscope?
A．It can be used to access all body sounds.
B．It helps save people’s lives effectively.
C．It can figure out people’s shortness of breath.
D．It is able to spot many kinds of heart failure.
47．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A．The new stethoscope’s using process.
B．The new stethoscope’s disadvantages.
C．The new stethoscope’s wide application.
D．The new stethoscope’s hidden principle.
48．How does the author prove the new stethoscope’s effectiveness?
A．By quoting experts. B．By providing data.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By offering comments.
49．What is the author’s attitude towards the new stethoscope?
A．Unfavorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Objective. D．Subjective.
2
Traditional methods of studying and protecting wildlife are often slow, costly, and inefficient. Researchers
usually spend days traveling through natural areas, facing safety risks while collecting limited information. Now, a
new AI-powered drone (无人机) system is changing how scientists monitor and protect endangered species
worldwide.
The system uses high-resolution cameras and a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to identify animals from the
air. It can recognize different species, count their numbers, and record positions with about 95% accuracy. Unlike
human researchers, the drones can operate both day and night, covering more land in hours than people could in
weeks.
One important use is monitoring natural habitat loss caused by climate change and human activities. In a
recent project in the Amazon rainforest, the AI drones discovered 12 new groups of rare monkeys that had not been
recorded before. They also mapped forest damage more accurately than traditional methods, helping environmental
organizations take targeted measures.
“The greatest value of this technology is its speed and scale,” said Professor Mark White, leader of the
research. “By the time we finish a traditional field survey, the situation may have already changed. AI drones
provide real-time data so we can act quickly.”
Critics warn that widespread use of drones might disturb wildlife and influence animals’ natural behaviors.
However, the research team states that their drones fly at a height and speed that cause no noticeable stress. They
also reduce the need for humans to enter sensitive environments.
Future plans include connecting the drone system with satellite images and building a global AI wildlife
database. The team hopes this technology will lead to more scientific and effective conservation.
50．What is a disadvantage of traditional wildlife research?A．It costs little money B．It takes much time
C．It is highly efficient D．It causes serious pollution
51．What can the AI drone system do according to paragraph 2?
A．Treat injured animals B．Identify different species
C．Control climate change D．Change animals’ behaviors
52．What is Professor White’s attitude toward AI drones?
A．Supportive B．Doubtful C．Uncaring D．Negative
53．What can we infer from the text?
A．Traditional surveys are completely useless B．Drones will replace all human researchers
C．AI makes protection work more effectiveD．All wildlife shows fear of flying drones
三、完形填空
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam, I noticed something odd. Customers coming in
for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter, preferring to 54 through a
smartphone.
What was the crazy thing about this? They were just several 55 apart! In fact, they were so close that
the staff member took a quick 56 at his phone screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all
without any words 57 . Now, I get it: modern technology allows us to be more 58 , but I might be
witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment. When was the last time you naturally 59 a conversation with somebody
you didn’t know? The chances are that you don’t even 60 ! Likely either you or the other person was “busy”
with other things like 61 with a smartphone. Now, with the 62 of digital technologies, one can’t
help but pay the 63 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers.
We shop, 64 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app. 65 with random strangers is
becoming rarer and rarer. Yet there are surprising 66 of having even a short and simple conversation with
strangers. You might learn something 67 , and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your
understanding of others and 68 a special bond in our modern world.
54．A．talk B．call C．order D．deliver
55．A．metres B．millimetres C．miles D．centimetres
56．A．chance B．step C．glance D．breath
57．A．spoken B．identified C．deleted D．mentioned
58．A．efficient B．committed C．ambitious D．critical
59．A．sped up B．engaged in C．turned to D．went on
60．A．complain B．dream C．remember D．approve
61．A．recording B．studying C．playing D．budgeting
62．A．lack B．intention C．decline D．rise
63．A．cash B．price C．debt D．bill
64．A．decorate B．reserve C．recommend D．purchase65．A．Interacting B．Cooperating C．Arguing D．Wandering
66．A．interests B．benefits C．warnings D．barriers
67．A．unavoidable B．unnecessary C．uncertain D．unexpected
68．A．serves as B．refers to C．accounts for D．consists of
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With silver hair, 80-year-old Cai Gao, China’s first illustrator to win the Hans Christian Andersen Award, the
highest international 69 (recognize) given to an author and an illustrator of children’s books, has wild
imagination that refuses 70 (age). This imagination comes from observing life itself. Over the past 50
years, be it nature’s wind and stars, traditional heroes, Chinese folklore, or even war, Cai 71 (frame)
them all into stories a child can grasp. It is this wide range of subjects and her diverse forms of expression 72
gave Cai a nickname among readers: “Treasure Nanny.”
73 (open) Cai’s treasure chest reveals her early work The Fox Spirit in the Abandoned Garden,
an extraordinary work and the one that made her 74 household name. The book tells the story of a
child who outwits (智取) a fox to save his mother, the true intention of which goes 75 the visual as Cai
hopes it can teach children that fearlessness and love always overcome hardship.
Cai’s artistic practice is highly diverse and integrative, deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, blending
ink-wash aesthetics with vivid folk art, 76 centered on a warm, healing childlike perspective-
reinterpreting folklore, classical literature, and everyday life.
The Andersen Award jury 77 (particular) praised her ability to “make cultural heritage dance
with contemporary childhood sensibilities”. Yet, Cai herself said that these honors have never belonged to her
alone. “When I learned that I had won the 2026 award, the first image that came to my mind was a group of
creators of my generation. This award is not 78 (my) but ours,” she said.
