08 非谓语动词
[考点一] 非谓语动词作状语
1.分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news,they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的被动关系。
Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2.动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do,so as to do,to do等，但so as to do不能
置于句首。
In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well,his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷，59)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the
balcony,and climbed up____________ (see)them.
2.(2022·新高考I卷，56)____________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP
will be one of the first national parks in the country.
3.(2021·全国甲卷，44)After____________(spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
the wall,we decided it was time for some action...
4.(北京卷)Nervously____________(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.
5.(江苏卷，30改编)____________(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart
phones.
6.(江苏卷，34改编)A city is the product of the human hand and mind,____________(reflect)man's intelligence and
creativity.
7.Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set,____________(make)it easier for people
to learn and master.[考点二] 非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write?(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗?
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗?
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing,being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing;
当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为
被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water正沸腾的水 boiled water开水
3.动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick=a stick for walking手杖
a sleeping car=a car for sleeping卧铺车
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷，56)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台),Henry ran
one hundred meters,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the____________ (fall)child.
2.(2022·全国甲卷，61)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an,as a first
step____________(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.
3.(2022·全国甲卷，63)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation____________
(hold)in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road.
4.(2022·全国乙卷，66)“It can help to build a community with a____________(share)future for
mankind,”he said.5.(2021·浙江卷，63)Mary's sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over____________ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
6.(全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call ____________(say)she was short-listed,...
[考点三] 非谓语动词作宾语
1.动词不定式作宾语
She will attempt to beat the world record.她试图要打破世界纪录。
2.动词-ing形式作宾语
She likes drawing very much.她很喜欢画画。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.玛丽正考虑回纽约。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国乙卷，67)Minimize the impact of____________(visit)the place.
2.(2020·新课标卷Ⅲ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out____________(find)the well-known painter.
3.One learns a language by making mistakes and____________(correct)them.
4.Before leaving,we spent half an hour____________(play)with the students there.
5.You can imagine how excited I was when I saw ____________the bike,and I begged my uncle to teach me how(ride)it
right away.
[考点四] 非谓语动词作宾补
1.现在分词作宾补
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help?听!你听到有人正在呼喊救命了吗?
2.动词不定式作宾补
Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
3.过去分词作宾补
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
I consider the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。
4.with复合结构作宾补
With sb doing(表主动且进行，或表特征)
With sth.done(表被动且完成，或表状态)
With sth to do(表示将来)
With his work finished,he can watch TV.由于他完成了工作，他能去看电视了。对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2020·新课标卷I)They make great gifts and you see them many times____________(decorate)with red envelopes and
messages of good for-tune.
2.(2019·江苏卷，32改编)China's image is improving steadily,with more countries_________(recognize)its role in
international affairs.
3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph____________ (take).
4.Let those in need____________(understand)that we will go all out to help them.
5.When we saw the road____________(block)with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
6.I grow up with time____________(go)by.
[考点五]非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式
移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
2.动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。
下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
It is/was a waste(of...)/no use/no good doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有好处。
3.动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。
4.分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(天津卷，4改编)____________(learn)to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
2.(天津卷，改编)It took him a long time____________(acquire)the skills he needed to become a good dancer,
3.I felt hopeless and alone,and more____________(depress)than I knew was possible.4.____________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your
affection and emotions.
5.It was both ____________(excite)and frightening to be up there.
[考点六] 非谓语动词的时态和语态
1.动词不定式的时态和语态
时态形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 与句子谓语动词的动作时间同 to do to be done
时发生或在谓语动词的动作之
后发生
进行式 在谓语动词的总做发生时正在 to be doing /
进行
完成式 在谓语动词的动作之前发生 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 发生在谓语动词的动作之前并 to have been doing /
且持续到谓语动词的动作发生
时仍在进行
The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
2.动名词和现在分词的时态和语态
时态形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 与谓语动词的动作同 doing being done
时或稍后发生
完成式 先于谓语动词的动作 having done having been done
完成
Do you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗?
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
3.非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意
义。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。
(2)动词need,want,require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be
worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.你的试卷需要再检查一遍。
对点演练
单句语法填空1.(全国卷Ⅱ)Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when____________(attack).
2.____________(finish)his homework,Tom went home.
3.And finally he drew a conclusion that the water was____________(blame).
4.We will arrange the Badaling Great Wall for our guests today as it is more worthy of____________(visit).
高考对接
非谓语动词在语法填空中的命题点
1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能
①(2021·全国甲卷，43)It is possible____________(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
②(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth____________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2.考查固定搭配
①(2022·浙江卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans_________(continue)the
practice.
②(2020·新课标I卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4____________
(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
3.考查逻辑关系
①(2022·全国甲卷)____________(present)the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows,the
New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.
②(2021·浙江卷)...but even during his few years,he always had a sense of curiosity,_______(wonder)what new role or
challenge might be just around the corner.
专题语法练习
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷，68,69)___________(strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media,___________(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to
have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
2.In order to keep fit,the old man makes it a rule___________(go)for a walk after supper every day.
3.____________ (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
4.Under the environment of fierce competition,the only way John could imagine____________(handle)stress was to get
tougher by making greater efforts,
5.Listen!Do you hear someone____________(call)for help?
6.So far nobody has claimed the money____________(discover)in the library.
7.____________(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
8.The mother felt herself____________(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
9.(浙江卷)I still remember____________(visit)a friend who'd lived here for five years.10.(全国卷I)They are required____________(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other
bodily functions.
11.You lose weight for a while,only____________(gain)back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.
12.Of course, ____________(enjoy)a nice meal with friends,whatever we eat,can also impact our spirits.Being with friends
and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.
13._____________ ((think)that his solution might be wrong,I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a
different way.
14.The manager was satisfied to see many new products____________ (develop)after great efforts.
15.____________(finish)the painting in-tended to be a gift for her girlfriend,he had a deep sigh of relief.
一、单项选择
1．He found it difficult to make a choice because the advantages and disadvantages seem to ___each other.
A．respond to B．cancel out C．get a foothold in D．attach to
2．With objects from small pocket watches to clocks over one meter in height, each of these requires its own unique
method restoration.
A．to range B．ranging C．ranged D．having ranged
3．________ , I have no difficulty in finding the famous artist’s house.
A．Directing by B．I was directed by Jack C．With Jack directing me D．Jack directed
me
4．With the teacher ________ beside, she felt a little uneasy.
A．standing B．stood C．to stand D．was standing
5．With ice ______ gradually, the water in this river is becoming more and more.
A．melting B．to be melt C．melted D．to have melted
6．__________the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum.
A．To celebrate B．Celebrating C．Celebrated D．To have celebrated
7．___________in Wenchang, Hainan province, the spicy and sour dregs vinegar soup (糟粕醋) is a local traditional street
snack with a history of around 500 years, ___________back to the Ming Dynasty.
A．Originating; dating B．Originating; dated
C．Originated; dating D．Originated; dated
8．___________ a tiny bottle at the bottom of the writer’s case, the officer couldn’t conceal his excitement.
A．To spot B．Spotting C．Having been spottedD．Being spotted
9．Behind Chinese proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop________ it grow”, is based on the following story.
A．helping B．helped C．to help D．has helped
10．People of all ages can participate in this kind of exercise ________ get rid of garbage, which will make their
neighbourhood clean and beautiful.
A．helping B．to help C．helped D．having helped
11．There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating C．to indicate D．having indicated
12．Music _________ by the British musician attracts music lovers all over the world.
A．to write B．to be written C．written D．writing
13．Polly found herself _______ the face of an old man with a beard.
A．stare up at B．staring up at
C．to stare up at D．stared up at
14．David apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A．his being not able B．him not to be able
C．his not being able D．him to he not able
15．With prices ______ up so fast, the poor family can’t afford even necessities.
A．went B．goes C．going D．to go
16．He spent every minute he could spare on books ________ an entrance prize to a college.
A．to win B．won C．winning D．wins
17．The student had no choice but ________ his teacher ________ the mistake he had made.
A．to apologize to, for B．to apologize, for
C．apologizing for, to D．to apologize for, for
18．The new student was very slow to ________ the strict rules of the school.
A．adapt for B．adapting for C．adapt to D．adapting to
19．—Do you advocate ________ trucks from the city centre?
—I can’t agree more. After all, people’s health is the most important thing of all.
A．to ban B．banning C．to banning D．ban
20．He loves _____ the flowers and evergreens that he has planted in the garden.
A．treating B．tearing C．transforming D．tending
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21．To avoid (catch), he secretly slid into the classroom through the back door.
22．As far as I’m concerned, there are three factors (account) for it.
23．Which are you more likely (have) with you at any given moments, your telephone or your wallet?
24．The key to (build) a sincere friendship is not changing what you do, but changing your attitude towardwhat you do.
25．It is no use (argue) about the question with him for he won’t change his opinion.
26．We all hold the belief that the risk is worth (take).
27．With the situation becoming more and more complex, he was confused about to do next.
28．The past 20 years has seen a dramatic increase in the number of extreme weather events (cause) largely by
rising global temperatures.
29．Sir Edmund Hillary and Robert Falcon Scott were the first explorers (reach) the Antarctic continent.
30． (motivate) by the Olympic slogan “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and
female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.
31．Afterwards, this young man proceed (become) the world heavyweight champion in 1964.
32．A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, (leave) the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.
33． (base) on statistics collected from thirty different cities, the report is very reliable.
34．The film Wolf Warrior directed by Wu Jing, (release) in 2015, turned out to be a great hit.
35．You have to wait for the proposal (accept) by the principal.
36．He urged the young (take) the torch and accept responsibility for the future.
37．It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you (act) like an adult.
38． (claim) so many precious lives, COVID-19 serves as a constant reminder that countries must rise
above differences in geography, race, history, culture and social system.
39．Nowadays, the fine sharp needles (measure) between 15 and 75 millimeters in length are still used.
40．People fled into the neighboring country to escape the floods, only (trap) in a terrible war.
三、完形填空
Back in the days when I was just a young student, I was always absent from school 41 , too shy to step into the
public attention. My grades, though not absolutely good, was above the 42 . However, an unexpected incident
allowed me to 43 life lessons and gradually accept the challenges thrown at me.
One rainy afternoon, while walking home from school, an accident happened. A speeding car 44 me, leaving
me with a broken leg. Lying on my hospital bed, pain aching through my body, it occurred to me that this unforeseen
incident had set me back 45 , and I needed to 46 how to achieve my previous standing.
With the help of my parents and teachers, who 47 accompanied me through the healing process, I managed to
transform my 48 into a stepping stone. I began to acquire the will to push myself beyond my limits. After several
months, I returned to school. My teachers had made accommodations for me, which included access to 49 classes to
catch up on the lessons I missed. Fueled by a newfound 50 , I made every effort to engage in all activities and
tried very hard to stay active in both the academic and extracurricular fields.
In the end, my actions 51 fruit. Not only did my academic performance improve, but I also developed anability to adapt to unexpected situations. I realized the importance of being able to 52 my fears and overcome
them. The incident that I 53 viewed as a major discouragement was, in fact, a turning point in my life. It was an
opportunity to adjust my perspective and learn to admire the strength within myself.
The 54 did not happen overnight. It was a gradual process, just like adding a new piece to a puzzle every
day. But with each piece, I moved one step closer to the bigger 55 .
41．A．camps B．days C．facilities D．events
42．A．minimum B．maximum C．average D．majority
43．A．absorb B．forget C．teach D．avoid
44．A．approached B．hit C．lifted D．followed
45．A．visibly B．academically C．critically D．strategically
46．A．figure out B．roll out C．rule out D．lay out
47．A．occasionally B．casually C．constantly D．scarcely
48．A．shyness B．setback C．strength D．performance
49．A．practical B．optional C．basic D．extra
50．A．drive B．concept C．version D．skill
51．A．planted B．distributed C．sold D．bore
52．A．assess B．address C．monitor D．hide
53．A．initially B．actually C．suddenly D．eventually
54．A．inspiration B．assumption C．transformation D．exploration
55．A．space B．ambition C．picture D．capacity
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Art lovers in New Zealand 56 (enjoy) 2, 000 books from China and more than 200 paintings from both
countries at a China-themed book exhibition in Waipa on Sept. 15.
As one of a series of activities 57 (mark) the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic(外交的) ties
between China and New Zealand, the book exhibition included 217 pieces of artwork 58 have been collected from
40 cities in China. There were also 15 paintings from New Zealand.
Dandi Wang, curator(馆长) of the exhibition and president of Prime Media New Zealand, said the exhibition included
more than 2, 000 English language books with 59 (theme) ranging from political theory, medical information to
Chinese 60 (tradition) cultural practices.
Dave Bromwich, former president of the New Zealand China Friendship Society, who has visited China more than 50
times, said the exhibition represented “a very good insight into Chinese culture”. He encouraged New Zealanders to pick up
61 book and start to understand it.Ye Su, minister-counselor of the Chinese embassy in New Zealand, said he was 62 (deep) impressed by the works
63 display. Ye said that he believed the wide variety of books at the exhibition would enable more New Zealanders to
better understand China, which will help enhance understanding between the two countries.
The exhibition also included a range of children's books and a 64 (collect) of poems. It's expected that the
books 65 (donate)to local libraries and schools and the paintings will be given to local children's hospitals.
参考答案
考点一 对点演练
1.to see2.Covering3.spending 4.facing 5.To enjoy 6.reflecting 7.making
考点二 对点演练
1.falling2.to journey3.held4.shared5.to plant 6.saying
考点三 对点演练
1.visiting 2.to find 3.correcting 4.playing 5.to ride
考点四 对点演练
1.decorated 2.recognizing 3.taken 4.understand5.blocked 6,going
考点五 对点演练
1.Learning 2.to acquire 3.depressed 4.Understanding5.exciting
考点六 对点演练
1.being attacked 2.Having finished 3.to blame4.being visited
高考对接
1.①to walk ②coming
2.①to continue ②to find
3.①Presenting ②wondering
语法专题练习
1.To strengthen;inviting2.to go 3.Being exposed 4.to handle 5.calling6.discovered 7.Seen 8.grow
9.visiting10.to process11.to gain 12.enjoying 13.Thinking 14.developed 15.Having finished
参考答案
答案：1．B2．B3．C4．A5．A6．A7．A8．B9．C10．B11．B12．C13．B14．C15．C16．A17．A18．C19．B
20．D
21．being caught22．accounting23．to have24．building25．arguing26．taking27．what28．caused29．to reach30．
Motivated
31．to become32．leaving33．Based34．released35．to be accepted36．to take37．to act38．Having claimed39．measuring40．to be trapped
41．D 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．B 46．A 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．D
52．B 53．A 54．C 55．C
56．enjoyed 57．marking 58．that/which 59．themes 60．traditional 61．a 62．deeply
63．on 64．collection 65．will be donated
