专题 02 活用方法，题眼精读
通过第一步的通览文章，明白文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空
80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”便可在文
章的通读环节预判解答一部分，但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，所以对于这些题目，学生应
做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利
选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查
生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地
加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做
出正确的判断。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
解析 根据生活常识及本句中的 They
However, we all witness that preschool children are
often cover only their eyes with their hands
remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only
可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their
住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都
bodies 43 .
暴露在外。
43.A．exposed B．examined
自主解答 A
C.untouched D．imbalanced
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形
成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而
推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－ 解析 We then asked the child if she could or hear the
4 into our Minds in Development Lab adult.
at USC. Each 47.child sat down with 从上述分析可以看出，第 49题所填词应与or后面的
an adult who covered her own eyes or hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句
48.ears. We then asked the child if 中的eyes or 48.ears 与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即
she could 49 or hear the adult. 眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
49.A．see B．help 自主解答 A
C.reach D．fool
方法(三) 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together.
解析 根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，
It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our
作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，
48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he
因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's
proposing ( 求 婚 )? I liked him too, but so
breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
49.soon？
自主解答 A
48.A．breath B．balance
C.attention D．imagination
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题
型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near 解析 上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系
to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He 上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连
was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the 词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩
whole campground know it. So 45 tying 子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着
him up, I just kept a close eye on him. 他。
45.A．due to B．instead of 自主解答 B
C.apart from D．as for
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段
际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito
Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed 解析 根据本空前的 storms move in fast in
off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴
and this one quickly 48 our peaceful 风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
morning trip. 自主解答 B
48.A．arranged B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需
瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出
现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解
文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷) 解析 根据本段中的 We brought
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our young children ...及空后一句中的the
Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加
原词 sat down with an adult who covered her own 实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”
复现 eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she 和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空
could 49.see or hear the adult. 前一句中的 children及空后一句中
47.A．parent B．child 的child是原词复现。
C.researcher D．doctor 自主解答 B
【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like
an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 解析 根据下文中的After letting go
16 when he discovered the theft of his of his anger and frustration, he found
同义
mountain bike last September. But soon enough, himself on a road to sympathy可知，
词复
his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of 空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义
现
his anger and frustration, he found himself on a 词，由此可知正确选项。
road to sympathy 18.instead． 自主解答 B
16．A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place 解析 尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles
cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) in the factory were simple，但根据下
ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove 文中的 the cakes pile up 和 a little
反义 bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it more high-pressure可知，要完成一
词复 sounds. 51 ． Slow down a bit and the cakes pile 系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋
现 up. As I told my parents at dinner that first 糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比
night, it was all a little more high-pressure than 听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上
I'd 52.expected． 文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
50．A．harder B．better 自主解答 A
C．longer D．cheaper
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的
重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮
助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats
解析 根据第二段中的 For many years, I
his dogs.
enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs,
可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只
Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly
宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让
enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
作者远离孤单。
41 ． A ． ownership B ．
自主解答 C
membership
C．companionship D．leadership
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
解析 根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method
藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全
was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are
“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空
hopelessly “egocentric” ( 自 我 中 心 的 )
前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，
creatures. But our 45 research results in
此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面
child developmental psychology
的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，
46.contradicted that idea.
由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
自主解答 C
C．surprising D．desired
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确
答案。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考) 解析 根据下文的“Nobody
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar chooses to talk about it because it
problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in seems so 41 ． insignificant ，”
40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so she said.可知，她发现他们很大
41 ． insignificant ，” she said. “But more and more are 程度上都保持沉默，因为他们
suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．” 认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道
40．A．turn B．peace 的。
C．vain D．silence 自主解答 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语
篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题【典例】 (2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for
完形填空的文章或段落存在
my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry
首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和
everything we needed and walk three miles to
尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题
where we worked.It may not seem like a
目。
44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy
解析 根据文章末尾的 the project可知，本
pack, my legs were on fire.
篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of
文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去
rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the
Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天
side of a mountain inhabited ( 栖 息 ) by
的“项目(工程)”。
mountain lions, although I should say they were
自主解答 B
only heard, never 47.seen.
… 叙事类的完形填空往往通过
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I 讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，
know whatever I have to face in my life I was 作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾
there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼
55.stronger for having taken part in the project. 顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题
42．A．tour B．project 目。
C．campaign D．course
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats 叙事型完形填空在行文结构
his dogs. 上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮
… ——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. 脉络，理清行文结构。
It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 解析 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如
48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he 何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下
proposing ( 求 婚 )? I liked him too, but so 文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友
49.soon? He poured water from a bottle into his Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过
hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that 程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打
moment，I began to fall for him. 动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve
… 的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man 婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给
produced a little box with a ring and proposed to 那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做
me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 的。
59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 自主解答 D
to the dogs that brought us together.60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water
Test 1
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测)Outside the back of the supermarket was an elderly lady, holding a basket of
flowers in the cold.“Would you like some flowers？They are $3，”she asked me as I was walking past and I 1
responded，“No, thank you.” I walked away and went inside.
Searching for what I needed, I thought of that lady, standing in the cold. 2 the beautiful flowers I had
admired, her 3 voice and kindness, I wondered about her unknown 4 of standing there.
I 5 my own personal struggles, I had to 6 for everything and I must 7 even $3 was a lot for
me at that time, and probably for her too. 8 ， it wasn't my first thought when she had asked me about buying
her flowers.My first thought was that I didn't have the 9 but that should not be an excuse.
When I went to the 10 to pay with my card, I asked for $3 cash out first.The staff member 11 me
about the$3.Feeling 12 ， I tried to remember the money I had in my account when she pressed the button to
process it.It was such a 13 to see it had been accepted by the machine and that the staff member 14 me
$3.I walked out to the lady.“Hi, sorry. 15 ， I didn't have the cash on me then.Yes, I would like to buy some of
your flowers，” I said.I gave her $3 as she handed me the flowers.I was 16 that she then randomly asked
me if I wanted 17 ．I guessed she was embarrassed and said，“No.They are worth the money.Thank you.”
As I walked away, I was second-guessing I could have offered her more.But when I turned back to her, she
18 and thanked me again.
I'm thankful for this valuable 19 — we're all going through our own problems but 20 is free and no
matter how little we can do for others, it will always be appreciated!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。看到在寒冷中卖花的老奶奶，作者花了 3美元买了她的花。作者的善
意得到了老奶奶的感谢。
1．A．seriously B．politely
C．confidently D．impatiently
解析：B 根据下文答句No, thank you.可知，作者礼貌地拒绝了老奶奶的售卖请求。
2．A．Ignoring B．Buying
C．Picturing D．Discovering
解析：C 根据句中的the beautiful flowers ... voice and kindness可知，此处表示作者想起漂亮的花和老
奶奶的善良等。
3．A．angry B．cold
C．hesitant D．gentle
解析：D 根据上文老奶奶说的话和句中的voice and kindness可以推知，老奶奶是一位善良的人。
4．A．story B．secret
C．effect D．purpose
解析：A 根据语境可知，作者不知道老奶奶站在寒冷中卖花背后的故事。5．A．benefited from B．gave up
C．put down D．went through
解析：D 根据句中的my own personal struggles和$3 was a lot for me at that time，再结合最后一段中的
going through可知，作者历经困难。
6．A．search B．wait
C．budget D．prepare
解析：C 根据语境可知，作者历经困难，不得不把每件事情都列入预算，作者必须承认那时即使3
美元对他来说就很多了。
7．A．admit B．believe
C．pretend D．imagine
解析：A 参见上题解析。
8．A．Instead B．Therefore
C．However D．Otherwise
解析：C 根据下文中的My first thought was that可知，此处表示转折关系。
9．A．right B．courage
C．chance D．cash
解析：D 根据下文中的I didn't have the cash on me then可知，作者先想到的是他没有现金，但那不应
成为借口。
10．A．receptionist B．cash register
C．bank clerk D．door
解析：B 根据句中的to pay with my card，再结合首段第一句中的the supermarket可知，作者在超市
的收银机上用银行卡付款。
11．A．informed B．questioned
C．reminded D．warned
解析：B 根据上句可知，作者要求从卡里取出3美元；结合常识可知，店员会对作者的举动提出质
疑。
12．A．anxious B．happy
C．proud D．desperate
解析：A 根据下文可知，当店员按下按钮进行处理时，作者尽力去想自己账户里的钱；据此可推知，
作者应是感到焦虑。
13．A．pity B．relief
C．burden D．coincidence
解析：B 根据句中的see it had been accepted by the machine ... $3可知，看到自己的卡被机器接受，店
员给了作者3美元，作者如释重负。
14．A．fined B．charged
C．lent D．handed
解析：D 根据下文我去买花可知，店员递给作者3美元。15．A．Strangely B．Seriously
C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully
解析：C 根据句中的I didn't have the cash on me then可知，不幸的是，作者那时没有现金。
16．A．ashamed B．surprised
C．excited D．worried
解析：B 根据下文可知，她随意问作者是否需要找零；结合语境可知，作者感到惊讶。
17．A．truth B．help
C．change D．permission
解析：C 根据下文中的They are worth the money.可知，作者回答说这些花值这些钱。据此可以推知，
她问作者是否需要找零。
18．A．wandered B．admitted
C．whispered D．declined
解析：D 根据句中的and thanked me again可知，她谢绝了作者。
19．A．lesson B．principle
C．adventure D．challenge
解析：A 根据语境可知，作者很感激这宝贵的人生经历和启迪。
20．A．kindness B．forgiveness
C．trust D．respect
解析：A 作者获得的启示是：我们都正在经历着自己的困难，但善良是免费的；我们无论能为别人
做多小的事，我们的善行总会被人感激的。
Test 2
It was her son's first day of second grade, and April Crites worried that he would feel upset.
Conner, 8, was 1 the doors to open at his school when he started to 2 ．His autism (自闭症)
sometimes makes him sad, Crites said.While Conner stood alone in a corner crying, his classmate Christian Moore
3 to glance over at him.
“Instead of 4 him like most kids would have, Christian just reached over, held his hand and made my
son's day 5 ，” Crites, 29, said on Tuesday in an interview.
Christian's mom, Courtney, took a photo of the act of 6 and posted it on her Facebook.“It is an honour to
7 such a loving, compassionate (有同情心的) child！”Courtney wrote.
When Conner came home that afternoon, Crites said, he told her that he had a 8 first day.He liked his
new friends and teachers, she said, and he didn't 9 he had gotten upset at the start of the day.Crites said she
didn't even 10 about her son's communication with Christian until she saw the 11 a few days later.
The Crites family has been touched by the 12 the photo has received, Crites said.Conner gets 13
when his classmates tell him they saw his picture on TV.Crites said her husband, who 14 cries, shed a few
tears when he saw the photo.
The 15 ， Crites said, is to remember that everyone is 16 with something that may be invisible to
those around them.“You could 17 to see someone who's having a really bad day and say something 18 to them and
make their day even worse，”Crites said.“Or you could do the 19 and make their day better.Your choice will
make a great 20 to someone's life.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Conner是一个患有自闭症的男孩。一天，当他在校门口默默流泪时，
Christian走过来伸出了温暖的手。
1．A．waiting for B．looking for
C．finding out D．making out
解析：A 根据上下文可知，这是开学的第一天，Conner应该是等待校门打开。
2．A．talk B．sing
C．smile D．cry
解析：D 下句提到Conner的自闭症经常让他难过，因此这里应该是他哭了。
3．A．happened B．expected
C．determined D．requested
解析：A 当Conner开始哭的时候，他的同班同学Christian Moore正好看到了这一幕。happen to do
sth意为“正好(碰巧)做某事”。
4．A．approaching B．overlooking
C．contacting D．greeting
解析：B 大部分同学都忽视了Conner，只有Christian Moore来到他身边。
5．A．longer B．shorter
C．better D．worse
解析：C 由于Christian Moore过来伸出援助之手，Conner的那一天自然是更好了。
6．A．devotion B．kindness
C．honour D．courage
解析：B Christian Moore所做出的是一个非常友善的举动，因此这里选择kindness。
7．A．keep B．develop
C．grow D．raise
解析：D 他的母亲认为，能够抚养出Christian Moore这样的孩子是一件很荣幸的事。
8．A．great B．common
C．boring D．tiring
解析：A 根据下文可知，Conner对母亲报喜不报忧，因此开学第一天自然是很美好的。
9．A．realize B．imagine
C．mention D．believe
解析：C Conner回家后选择报喜不报忧，没有跟母亲提及学校里不开心的事。
10．A．hear B．know
C．tell D．ask
解析：B 由于Conner没有跟母亲提及学校里发生的那件事，因此母亲对此一无所知。11．A．magazine B．newspaper
C．book D．photo
解析：D 根据下文可知，Crites后来看到了儿子跟同学的那张照片。
12．A．comments B．presents
C．money D．attention
解析：D 根据下文可知，Conner和Christian Moore的那张照片上了电视，可见它赢得了广泛的关注。
13．A．excited B．confused
C．disappointed D．shocked
解析：A 当同学告知Conner他的照片上了电视时，Conner应该是很兴奋的。
14．A．constantly B．rarely
C．regularly D．naturally
解析：B Conner的父亲平时很少流泪，看到照片后也流泪了。
15．A．concept B．theory
C．lesson D．information
解析：C 本段是Crites总结出的一条人生启示，应该用lesson一词比较恰当。
16．A．working B．struggling
C．running D．carrying
解析：B Crites告诫我们，每个人在生活中都会有一些不为人知的不幸或问题，他们在苦苦地与其抗
争。
17．A．refuse B．choose
C．devote D．demand
解析：B Crites认为，面对别人的不幸，我们可以做出不同的选择。
18．A．amazing B．different
C．horrible D．positive
解析：C 当别人不开心时，如果我们说一些糟糕的或充满负能量的话，这只能给别人雪上加霜。
19．A．opposite B．ordinary
C．unusual D．interesting
解析：A 当然，我们也可以做出相反的选择，让别人的一天变得更好。
20．A．change B．effect
C．influence D．difference
解析：D 我们的选择会对别人产生极大的影响。make a difference是固定短语，表示“产生影响，发
生改变，有所作为”。
