专题 02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】提示词为名词思维导图
【知能解读02】名词单数变复数归纳
【知能解读03】名词所有格归纳
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】名词转化为形容词归纳
【重难点突破02】名词转化为动词归纳
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】提示词为代词如何确定形式
【易混易错02】提示词为代词思维导图
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展01】含反身代词短语归纳
【用法拓展02】名词复数形式拓展01提示词为名词思维导图
02名词单数变复数归纳
(1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：
①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有one of、 among时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。
(2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s；
(3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等；
(4)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。
(5)可数名词变复数的规则变化
场合 用法 示例
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses
-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories
元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys
辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes
元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros
元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Pupils without umbrellas or raincoats crowded in (doorway) hoping to make it home between
showers.
2．In addition to our daily (expense), we have to spend quite a lot on our daughter’s further education.
3．Animal rights (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel.
4．Two (suspect) were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence.
5．It’s bad (manner) to break in while others are speaking.
6． (million) of soldiers lost their lives in World War Ⅱ.
7．One of the clear (feature) of modern banking is its dependence on computers.
8． (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful.
9．As he spoke, his nose, long though it was, became at least two (inch) longer.
10． (analysis) of these samples provide a different solution to the problem.
03名词所有格归纳
1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。
my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话
Jones’ room琼斯的房间
Nurses’ Day护士节
Teachers’Day 教师节
Woemn’s Day 儿童节
Women’s day 妇女节
2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。
Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms are both on the second floor. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间）
汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。
This is my father and mother’s bedroom. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室）
这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。
3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：
We bought bread at the baker’s. 我们在面包店买了面包。
The package is waiting for you at the dentist’s. 包裹在牙医诊所等你。
She stayed at Mary’s last night. 她昨晚住在玛丽家。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I have a toothache, and have to go to the (dentist) every other day.
2．It is unwise to underestimate your (opponent) strength and intelligence.
3．The main purpose of the course is to improve (student) reading ability.4．Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to (people) favourite
tastes.
5．The tourist center is far away from here indeed.It’s two (hour) walk.
01 名词转化为形容词归纳
1.提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
He bought an expensive watch. 他买了一块昂贵的手表。
2.提示词为名词，如果表语或者宾语补足语，则一般考查名词变形容词。
She looks healthy after exercise.运动后她看起来很健康。
This kind of music always makes me relaxed. 这种音乐总能让我感到放松。
3.名词后后缀变形容词
场合 示例
名词+y ice→icyy 结冰的 fur→furry 毛皮的
guilt →guilty 内疚的 health→healthy 健康的
spot → spotted 有斑点的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
名词+ ed
talent→talented 有天赋的 crowd→ crowded 拥挤的
pain →painful 痛苦的 beauty →beautiful美丽的
名词+ ful/less
value →valueless 不值钱的 fear→ fearless 不怕的
fashion→ fashionable时尚的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的
名词+ able
profit→ profitable 有利可图的 reason→reasonable合理的
courage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的
名词+ ous
mystery →mysterious神秘的 poison→poisonous 有毒的
innocence →innocent无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的
名词-ce结尾
ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 patience→patient 有耐心的
grammar→grammatical 语法的 globe→global 全球的
名词+-al
agriculture→agricultural 农业的 culture→cultural文化的
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
名词+-ly
day →daily 每日的 month →monthly 每月的
材料名词+-en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的gold →golden 金子般的 silk→silken丝质的
chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical 身体的
名词+-al
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
face→ facial 面部的 commerce →commercial 商业的
名词+-cial
finance →financial 金融的 benefit →beneficial 有益处的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的
其他后缀
self→selfish 自私的 science→scientific科学的
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He wanted his sons to become strong and (athlete) like himself.
2．Sometimes it’s hard to understand a person by his (face) expressions.
3．In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as one of the most (influence) celebrities of science.
4．In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy
days.
5．The new park is designed to be (access) to people with disabilities.
6．It was absolutely (essence) to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture.
7．He is going to make a (remark) achievement in his field.
8．It is true that the dog is the most useful and (faith) animal in the world.
9．Keeping a diary in English is one of the (effect) ways to improve English.
10．Inspired by the (fantasy) scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over
the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
02名词转化为动词归纳
场合 示例
名词+-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 加长
en+名词 courage →encourage 鼓励 danger →endanger使濒危
名词+ize/ise apology →apologize道歉 sympathy →sympathize同情
名词+ -ify beauty→beautify 使美化 class→classify分类；归类
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We need to _____________(strength) our team spirit through regular group activities.
2.The company plans to _____________(length) the product warranty to attract more buyers.
3.Teachers often _____________(courage) students to ask questions during class.
4.Overfishing continues to _____________(danger) many marine species in the ocean.
5.You should _____________(apology) to your friend if you hurt his feelings by mistake.6.People always _____________(sympathy) with those who face unexpected difficulties in life.
7.We can _____________(beautify) our neighborhood by planting more flowers and trees.
8.Workers need to _____________(clsss) these documents by their creation dates first.
9. This traditional dance form _____________(origin) in rural communities, where it was performed to celebrate
harvests.
10. The witness was able to _____________(identity) the thief from a lineup of suspects.
01 提示词为代词如何确定形式
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所
填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
02 提示词为代词思维导图
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It was full of ideas that were new to (I), so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that
book.1.
2．To save class time, our teacher has ( we ) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the
other half for homework.1.3．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours.1.
4．After communicating, I found that Jack’s world seemed so different from (I).1.
5．The young girl soon recovered (she) and stopped crying.1.
6．The teacher reminded us to behave (we) during the school trip.
7．I am proud of him, who is occupying (he) with his work and devoting himself to helping those in
need.1.
8．Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on (it) people and traditions.1.
9．He also had a gun with which he could defend (he).1.
10．The classes are different from in China. Each teacher has (they) own classroom and the
students move around every lesson.
01含反身代词短语
1.介词+反身代词
in oneself本身,本质上
of oneself 独自
to oneself供自己用
for oneself替自己,为自己
by oneself 单独地
between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)
2.动词+反身代词
amuse oneself自娱
excuse oneself自我辩解
enjoy oneself过得很快活
teach oneself自学
make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思
seat oneself坐下
behave oneself 举止得体
dress oneself 打扮
3.动词+反身代词+介词
help oneself to 随便吃；自取（食物、物品等）
devote oneself to 献身于speak to oneself自言自语
make yourself at home 别客气
apply oneself to 专心致志于
accustom oneself to sth使自己习惯某事
adapt oneself to sth使自己适应某事
02 名词复数形式拓展
一、外来词汇的复数形式
criterion → criteria 标准
phenomenon → phenomena 现象
analysis → analyses 分析
basis → bases 基础
crisis → crises 危机
bacterium → bacteria 细菌
medium → media 媒体
curriculum → curricula 课程
二、复合名词的复数变化形式
1.没有连字符，最后一个名词变复数
housewife → housewives, bookshelf → bookshelves
2. 有连字符，将复合名词中主要的名词变复数
passer-by → passers-by, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law
3.组合成复合名词的单词中没有名词，在最后加-s
go-between → go-betweens, grown-up → grown-ups
4.man，woman为复合名词第一部分时，两部分皆变为复数
a man cook → men cooks, a woman teacher → women teachers
5. 由 boy/girl等+名词构成的将第二个词变成复数
boy friend → boy friends girl friend → girl friends
lady driver → lady drivers maid servant → maid servants
三、特殊的复数形式
1. 单数形式代表复数含义的三个词：（谓语动词永远用复数）
people人们 police 警察 cattle 牲畜
2.只用复数形式表达的词汇服装类：
trousers裤子 pyjamas 睡衣裤 shorts短裤 jeans 牛仔裤
scissors剪刀 glasses 眼镜 scales 天平compasses圆规3.复数形式可以表示特别的意义
custom 习俗- customs 海关 look 看- looks 外表
force 武力- forces 军队 manner 方式- manners 礼貌
good 好处-goods 货物 paper 纸- papers 文件；资料
green 绿色- greens 绿叶蔬菜 sand 沙- sands 沙滩；沙地
hair 头发- hairs 几根头发 spirit 精神，灵魂- spirits 烈酒
iron 熨斗- irons 镣铐 time 时间- times 时期; 时代潮流
letter 信- letters 文学 water 水- waters 领海; 大片的水域
提示词为名词或代词综合能力提升
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．During the festival, we visit relatives to give our (greeting) and best wishes.
2．See how many cups and (saucer) we have but don’t count in the cracked ones.
3．It is believed that the (division) between races will disappear some day.
4．Peking University has educated many outstanding modern Chinese (figure).
5．In today’s game the Chinese basketball team played beyond (expect).
6．Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries.
7．He set to work again and made the snow fly in all (direction).
8．The novel written by the French writer has two (theme), one of which is about friendship.
9．The following are my suggestions on how to mind your table (manner) in China.
10．He hesitated but handed her the (princess) dress.
11．The milu deer, one of (China) most beloved animals, is also one of its strangest.
12．Chinese (people) love of nature and pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深
蒂固的) within.
13．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.
14． (Tom) representing our school at the English speech contest proved to be a success.
15．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of
between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
16．The fireman risked (he) life to save the baby from the burning building.
17．I have become popular in (I) own right, without my father’s help.18．At the party everyone sang and danced, enjoying (them).
19．Peter May is the story of Hemingway’s life in 1920s Paris, when he was trying to establish (him)
as a writer.
20．I suggest you take the forms away and read them at (you) leisure.
二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．These are ____ from other presses.They are having a meeting in one of the ___ office .
A．editor- in-chiefs , editor’s-in-chief B．editors –in –chief , editors-in-chief’s
C．editors –in-chief’s , editor’s –in-chief’s D．editor-in-chief’s , editors –in-chief
2．Mr. Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
3．These ______ took many ______ here.
A．German; photo B．German; photos C．Germans; photos D．Germany; photos
4．Look! Two ______are playing basketball on the playground.
A．man teacher B．man teachers C．men teacher D．men teachers
5．These___________ took many___________ here.
A．Germen, photo B．Germen, photos C．Germans, photos D．Germany,
photos E．Germany, photo
6．In the new semester, the school has launched a series of diverse and innovative courses to meet the various
interests of the students. These students may choose the courses that most interest .
A．them B．themselves C．us D．itself
7．The children have painted since could first pick up a brush.
A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
8．—What do you think of ________ Chinese teacher?
—She is an excellent teacher. I’ve improved a lot since she taught _____ Chinese.
A．our; us B．our; our C．ours; us D．ours; our
9．To make the computer work at full ______, the programmer has to think like the machine.
A．integrity B．dignity C．capacity D．liberty
10．—How long have you had this car?
—About five years. And it’s still in good ________ now.
A．condition B．experience C．research D．challenge
11．His first ________ to climb the mountain failed, but he decided to try again.A．effect B．attempt C．intention D．experiment
12．The blind boy playing the piano at the party left us a deep ________.
A．tradition B．encouragement C．improvement D．impression
13．It was after passing away that his works gained widespread ________ and immense popularity.
A．participation B．recognition C．genius D．peak
14．The young girl plans to pursue a career in the ______ of teaching when she graduates from university.
A．profession B．presentation C．reservation D．destination
15．More ________ between the teacher and the students is taking place in the classroom with the teaching
reform.
A．amusement B．interaction C．examination D．entertainment
三、名词、代词与语法填空
（一）
（25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining,
telling whether it is morning 1 night is impossible. At 7:30 a.m., I leave my tent and walk over to the
mountain edge, where spreading out before me, 2 (branch) of the Rapa River flow through the valley
below. This is a remote place 3 no roads or towns far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park.
In 1909, Sarek was made a national park 4 (keep) the land in its natural state. And all new
development is banned within park boundaries. For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was the 5
(centre) way of life for the Sami. Every spring, a number of Sami follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,
living in their well-equipped tents and embracing their cherished traditions.
I am not 6 Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my
breakfast is flat bread 7 (warm) over a fire, and some sweet berries that I found 8 (grow) near my
tent.
After breakfast, I carry all of my food and supplies with me and set out again. I cannot register a 9
(complain) about today being, much like yesterday, filled with toughness across this challenging land. Being in
such a beautiful and wild place 10 (make) me feel blessed to be alive.
（二）
（25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。Located in the Nujiang River Valley, the Xinzhai village has an annual average temperature of 25 degrees
centigrade and slightly acid soil, which make it 1 ideal place for growing high-quality coffee plants. As
one of the 2 (early) places to produce coffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began to plant coffee
trees in 1952, 3 the Chinese people were not used to drinking coffee. Consequently, the villagers ended
up growing rice and corn instead.
In the 1980s, when international brands 4 (introduce) to China, the villagers began to cultivate
coffee plants again. Since 2007, the Xinzhai village has been upgrading their coffee industry, selecting high quality
coffee plants to produce high-quality coffee professionally and cultivating 5 (they) own coffee brand.
Today, the coffee growing area is about 9 million square metres, with an annual output value of more than
100 million yuan. The “Baoshan Arabica Coffee” 6 (produce) here has won many international awards
and is sold all over the world. 7 addition, the Xinzhai village has also been developing local tourism.
When 8 (visit) here, you can pluck coffee beans, learn how to properly brew coffee from baristas, and
taste the 9 (fresh) ground (磨碎的) high-quality coffee. Every year, about 120,000 10 (tourist)
are attracted here, which further boosts the local economy.
