高中英语阅读理解 C/D 篇高频动词分类总结

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说明：新高考 C/D 篇多为说明文、议论文，话题集中在科学研究、社会现象、心理认知、科技与环境等。以下动词在真题中反复出现，掌握其准确词义与搭配，是拆解长难句、推断作者态度与因果逻辑的关键。红色加粗为必背考点，蓝色为真题语境示例句。

温馨提示：下方示例句为仿新高考 C/D 篇语境编写，用于理解动词搭配；正式教学与命题请以教育部考试院公布的真题原文为准。

一、研究与发现类（描述实验、调查、结论）

C/D 篇常以科学研究、调查报告为素材。这类动词用于引出研究者动作与结论，是理解“研究做了什么、得出什么”的关键。

research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/  v. 研究；探究

搭配 / 用法：research into/on sth.

▸ Scientists have researched into the effect of sleep on memory for decades.

investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/  v. 调查；查明

搭配 / 用法：investigate how/why...

▸ The team investigated why some plants survive extreme drought.

examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/  v. 仔细检查；考查

搭配 / 用法：examine the role of...

▸ The study examines the role of social media in teenage anxiety.

analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/  v. 分析（英式 analyse）

搭配 / 用法：analyze data/results

▸ Researchers analyzed data from more than 10,000 participants.

explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/  v. 探索；探究

搭配 / 用法：explore the possibility of...

▸ The paper explores the possibility of using AI to detect disease.

discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/  v. 发现

搭配 / 用法：discover that...

▸ They discovered that music can lower blood pressure.

reveal /rɪˈviːl/  v. 揭示；显露

搭配 / 用法：reveal a link between A and B

▸ The findings reveal a strong link between diet and mood.

indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/  v. 表明；显示

搭配 / 用法：indicate that...

▸ The graph indicates that the number kept rising after 2015.

suggest /səˈdʒest/  v. 表明；暗示（非“建议”义高频）

搭配 / 用法：suggest that...

▸ The evidence suggests that regular exercise improves focus.

demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/  v. 证明；表明

搭配 / 用法：demonstrate how...

▸ The experiment demonstrates how birds navigate by the stars.

estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/  v. 估计；估算

搭配 / 用法：be estimated to be...

▸ The cost is estimated to reach two billion dollars by 2030.

observe /əbˈzɜːv/  v. 观察；注意到

搭配 / 用法：observe that...

▸ Observers observed a clear change in the animals' behavior.

document /ˈdɒkjument/  v. 记录；记载

搭配 / 用法：document the process

▸ The journal documents the whole process of the experiment.

二、变化与发展类（描述趋势、数据、演进）

说明文、报道类语篇大量使用此类动词描述数量、状态、技术的发展变化。读懂趋势词才能做对“数据推断”题。

increase /ɪnˈkriːs/  v. 增加；增长

搭配 / 用法：increase by/to...

▸ The use of electric cars increased by 40% last year.

decrease /dɪˈkriːs/  v. 减少；下降

搭配 / 用法：decrease significantly

▸ Smoking among teenagers has decreased in recent years.

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/  v. 下降；衰退

搭配 / 用法：decline sharply

▸ The number of wild bees has declined sharply since 2000.

grow /ɡrəʊ/  v. 增长；变得

搭配 / 用法：grow from... to...

▸ Online shopping grew from a small market to a huge one.

double /ˈdʌbl/  v. （使）翻倍

搭配 / 用法：double in size

▸ The city's population doubled in just twenty years.

expand /ɪkˈspænd/  v. 扩大；扩展

搭配 / 用法：expand into...

▸ The company expanded into the Asian market in 2018.

shrink /ʃrɪŋk/  v. 缩小；收缩

搭配 / 用法：shrink by...

▸ The glacier shrank by half over the past century.

shift /ʃɪft/  v. 转变；转移

搭配 / 用法：shift from A to B

▸ Attention has shifted from cure to prevention.

evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/  v. 进化；逐步发展

搭配 / 用法：evolve into...

▸ Simple tools evolved into complex machines.

develop /dɪˈveləp/  v. 发展；开发

搭配 / 用法：develop a method

▸ They developed a new method to clean polluted water.

improve /ɪmˈpruːv/  v. 改善；提高

搭配 / 用法：improve performance

▸ Good sleep improves learning performance in students.

enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/  v. 增强；提高

搭配 / 用法：enhance efficiency

▸ The app is designed to enhance reading efficiency.

reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/  v. 减少；降低

搭配 / 用法：reduce the risk of...

▸ Exercise reduces the risk of heart disease.

transform /trænsˈfɔːm/  v. 使转变；使改变

搭配 / 用法：transform A into B

▸ The internet has transformed how we learn.

三、影响与作用类（因果关系）

议论文、科普文常用此类动词表达“A 对 B 起作用/产生影响”，是因果逻辑题的核心信号词。

affect /əˈfekt/  v. 影响

搭配 / 用法：affect one's health

▸ Noise can affect children's ability to concentrate.

influence /ˈɪnfluəns/  v. 影响；左右

搭配 / 用法：influence one's choice

▸ Parents' reading habits influence their children's.

impact /ɪmˈpækt/  v. 影响（常用 impact on）

搭配 / 用法：impact on...

▸ Stress impacts on both body and mind.

contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/  v. 贡献；导致（contribute to）

搭配 / 用法：contribute to...

▸ Polluted air contributes to breathing problems.

lead to /liːd tu/  短语 v. 导致；带来

搭配 / 用法：lead to a result

▸ Lack of exercise may lead to obesity.

result in /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/  短语 v. 导致；造成

搭配 / 用法：result in change

▸ The policy resulted in cleaner rivers.

cause /kɔːz/  v. 引起；导致

搭配 / 用法：cause damage

▸ The storm caused serious damage to crops.

determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/  v. 决定；确定

搭配 / 用法：determine success

▸ Effort, not luck, often determines success.

shape /ʃeɪp/  v. 塑造；影响

搭配 / 用法：shape one's view

▸ Early experiences shape our view of the world.

drive /draɪv/  v. 驱动；推动

搭配 / 用法：drive growth

▸ Innovation drives economic growth.

fuel /ˈfjuːəl/  v. 刺激；加剧

搭配 / 用法：fuel debate

▸ The report fueled a heated debate online.

trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/  v. 触发；引起

搭配 / 用法：trigger a reaction

▸ A small event triggered a chain of changes.

四、观点与态度类（作者/专家立场）

C/D 篇常引述学者、报告的观点。此类动词后接 that 从句，是判断“谁持何种态度”的题眼。

argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/  v. 主张；论证（非“吵架”）

搭配 / 用法：argue that...

▸ Some experts argue that homework does little good.

claim /kleɪm/  v. 声称；主张

搭配 / 用法：claim that...

▸ The author claims that failure teaches more than success.

believe /bɪˈliːv/  v. 认为；相信

搭配 / 用法：believe that...

▸ Many scientists believe climate change is speeding up.

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/  v. 坚持认为

搭配 / 用法：maintain that...

▸ He maintains that reading widely builds character.

assert /əˈsɜːt/  v. 断言；声称

搭配 / 用法：assert that...

▸ The report asserts that screen time harms sleep.

hold /həʊld/  v. 认为（hold the view that）

搭配 / 用法：hold the view that...

▸ Critics hold the view that the plan is risky.

view /vjuː/  v. 看待（view... as...）

搭配 / 用法：view A as B

▸ The public views the technology as a double-edged sword.

consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/  v. 认为；考虑

搭配 / 用法：consider... (to be)...

▸ They consider the find to be of great value.

point out /pɔɪnt aʊt/  短语 v. 指出

搭配 / 用法：point out that...

▸ The writer points out that few noticed the trend.

note /nəʊt/  v. 指出；提到

搭配 / 用法：note that...

▸ The study notes that results may vary by age.

五、支持与质疑类（论证互动）

议论文中不同立场的交锋常用此类动词。识别“支持/反对/质疑”是态度推断与主旨题的关键。

support /səˈpɔːt/  v. 支持；支撑

搭配 / 用法：support the idea

▸ Evidence supports the idea of early language learning.

oppose /əˈpəʊz/  v. 反对

搭配 / 用法：oppose the plan

▸ Local people opposed the building of the factory.

reject /rɪˈdʒekt/  v. 拒绝；反驳

搭配 / 用法：reject the claim

▸ The review rejected the claim as unproven.

challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/  v. 质疑；挑战

搭配 / 用法：challenge a theory

▸ New data challenged the old theory of memory.

question /ˈkwestʃən/  v. 怀疑；质疑

搭配 / 用法：question whether...

▸ Some question whether the method is safe.

doubt /daʊt/  v. 怀疑

搭配 / 用法：doubt that...

▸ Experts doubt that the cure works for all.

criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/  v. 批评；批判

搭配 / 用法：criticize the policy

▸ The article criticizes the school's testing policy.

defend /dɪˈfend/  v. 辩护；维护

搭配 / 用法：defend one's view

▸ He defended his view with solid data.

confirm /kənˈfɜːm/  v. 证实；确认

搭配 / 用法：confirm a finding

▸ Later studies confirmed the earlier finding.

六、形成与创造类（技术、方法、理论）

科技、发明、理论类语篇高频出现，描述“建立/创造/产生”新事物或新方法。

establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/  v. 建立；确立

搭配 / 用法：establish a link

▸ The research established a link between air and lung health.

create /kriˈeɪt/  v. 创造；造成

搭配 / 用法：create a system

▸ Engineers created a system to save energy.

form /fɔːm/  v. 形成；组成

搭配 / 用法：form a habit

▸ Reading every day helps form a good habit.

build /bɪld/  v. 建立；构建

搭配 / 用法：build a model

▸ They built a computer model of the climate.

design /dɪˈzaɪn/  v. 设计

搭配 / 用法：design an experiment

▸ The team designed a clever experiment.

produce /prəˈdjuːs/  v. 产生；生产

搭配 / 用法：produce evidence

▸ The study produced strong evidence for the theory.

generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/  v. 产生；生成

搭配 / 用法：generate interest

▸ The discovery generated wide interest.

construct /kənˈstrʌkt/  v. 构建；建造

搭配 / 用法：construct a theory

▸ He constructed a theory of how language began.

七、应用与使用类（手段、工具、依赖）

方法、技术类说明文常用此类动词讲“用什么手段解决问题”。

apply /əˈplaɪ/  v. 应用（apply... to...）

搭配 / 用法：apply A to B

▸ The method can be applied to medical research.

employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/  v. 使用；采用

搭配 / 用法：employ a strategy

▸ The study employed a new testing strategy.

adopt /əˈdɒpt/  v. 采纳；采用

搭配 / 用法：adopt a policy

▸ More schools adopted the teaching policy.

utilize /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/  v. 利用；使用

搭配 / 用法：utilize resources

▸ The device utilizes solar energy.

rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/  短语 v. 依赖；依靠

搭配 / 用法：rely on sb./sth.

▸ We rely on the app to plan our study.

involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/  v. 涉及；包含

搭配 / 用法：involve doing...

▸ The project involves collecting field data.

八、理解与认知类（心理、思维）

心理、教育类语篇描述人的认知过程，此类动词常用于长难句主语或宾语。

realize /ˈrɪəlaɪz/  v. 意识到；实现

搭配 / 用法：realize that...

▸ He realized that practice matters most.

recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/  v. 认出；认识到

搭配 / 用法：recognize the value of...

▸ Schools recognize the value of art education.

perceive /pəˈsiːv/  v. 感知；认为

搭配 / 用法：perceive... as...

▸ People perceive the risk differently.

interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/  v. 解读；阐释

搭配 / 用法：interpret the result

▸ How we interpret the data matters.

grasp /ɡrɑːsp/  v. 掌握；理解

搭配 / 用法：grasp the meaning

▸ It took years to grasp the theory.

reflect /rɪˈflekt/  v. 反映；反思

搭配 / 用法：reflect a change

▸ The numbers reflect a deep social change.

九、出现与存在类

描述现象、问题“出现/存在/持续”，常作长难句主干或背景铺垫。

appear /əˈpɪə(r)/  v. 出现；似乎

搭配 / 用法：appear to be...

▸ A new problem appeared after the reform.

emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/  v. 浮现；显现

搭配 / 用法：emerge from...

▸ A clear pattern emerged from the data.

exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/  v. 存在

搭配 / 用法：exist in...

▸ Such differences exist among cultures.

occur /əˈkɜː(r)/  v. 发生；出现

搭配 / 用法：occur to sb.

▸ It never occurred to him to ask why.

arise /əˈraɪz/  v. 出现；产生（arise from）

搭配 / 用法：arise from...

▸ New questions arose from the discovery.

remain /rɪˈmeɪn/  v. 保持；仍然是

搭配 / 用法：remain unknown

▸ The cause remains unknown.

十、限制与阻止类

政策、环保、健康类语篇常用，表达“限制/禁止/阻碍”。

limit /ˈlɪmɪt/  v. 限制

搭配 / 用法：limit the use of...

▸ The law limits the use of plastic bags.

restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/  v. 限制；约束

搭配 / 用法：restrict access

▸ The app restricts access to children.

prevent /prɪˈvent/  v. 阻止（prevent... from...）

搭配 / 用法：prevent sb. from...

▸ Masks prevent the virus from spreading.

hinder /ˈhɪndə(r)/  v. 阻碍；妨碍

搭配 / 用法：hinder progress

▸ Noise may hinder children's reading.

block /blɒk/  v. 阻挡；阻塞

搭配 / 用法：block the path

▸ The fallen tree blocked the road.

ban /bæn/  v. 禁止

搭配 / 用法：ban smoking

▸ The city banned smoking in parks.

forbid /fəˈbɪd/  v. 禁止；不许

搭配 / 用法：forbid doing...

▸ School rules forbid using phones in class.

十一、替代与取代类

科技演进类语篇高频，讲“新技术取代旧技术”。

replace /rɪˈpleɪs/  v. 取代；代替

搭配 / 用法：replace A with B

▸ Robots replaced workers in the factory.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/  v. 替代（substitute A for B）

搭配 / 用法：substitute A for B

▸ We substituted sugar with honey.

take over /teɪk ˈəʊvə(r)/  短语 v. 接管；取代

搭配 / 用法：take over from...

▸ AI is taking over many routine tasks.

十二、测量与评估类

研究类语篇用于“测量/评估/排名”，常在数据题、实验题中出现。

measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/  v. 测量；衡量

搭配 / 用法：measure the effect

▸ They measured the effect of light on plants.

assess /əˈses/  v. 评估；评定

搭配 / 用法：assess the risk

▸ Doctors assessed the risk of the disease.

evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/  v. 评价；评估

搭配 / 用法：evaluate the program

▸ The school evaluated the new program.

calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/  v. 计算

搭配 / 用法：calculate the cost

▸ They calculated the total cost.

rate /reɪt/  v. 评级；评估

搭配 / 用法：rate... as...

▸ Users rated the app as helpful.

rank /ræŋk/  v. 排名

搭配 / 用法：rank first

▸ The city ranked first in clean air.

十三、解释与说明类

用于“解释现象/说明原因/下定义”，是段落内逻辑衔接词。

explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/  v. 解释；说明

搭配 / 用法：explain why...

▸ The text explains why the lake turned red.

account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː(r)/  短语 v. 解释；占（比例）

搭配 / 用法：account for...

▸ Cars account for most of the pollution.

illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/  v. 说明；阐明

搭配 / 用法：illustrate the point

▸ The example illustrates the main point.

clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/  v. 澄清；阐明

搭配 / 用法：clarify the concept

▸ The teacher clarified the difficult concept.

define /dɪˈfaɪn/  v. 定义

搭配 / 用法：define... as...

▸ The term is defined as a habit.

十四、比较与对比类

说明文常用比较结构，此类动词引出异同，是“细节比对”题的信号。

compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/  v. 比较

搭配 / 用法：compare A with B

▸ We compared the two teaching methods.

contrast /kənˈtrɑːst/  v. 对比；对照

搭配 / 用法：contrast A and B

▸ The study contrasted urban and rural life.

differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/  v. 不同（differ from）

搭配 / 用法：differ from...

▸ Results differed from earlier ones.

distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/  v. 区分；辨别

搭配 / 用法：distinguish A from B

▸ It is hard to distinguish fact from opinion.

十五、要求与需要类

建议类、对策类语篇常用，表达“需要/缺乏/呼吁”。

require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/  v. 需要；要求

搭配 / 用法：require sb. to do

▸ The task requires students to think.

demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/  v. 要求；需要

搭配 / 用法：demand attention

▸ The problem demands our attention.

call for /kɔːl fɔː(r)/  短语 v. 需要；呼吁

搭配 / 用法：call for action

▸ The report calls for stronger laws.

lack /læk/  v. 缺乏；不足

搭配 / 用法：lack the skill

▸ Some schools lack the needed resources.

附：一轮 / 二轮复习建议

• 一轮：按类默写动词词义与搭配，做到“见词知义、见义会用”，重点突破 red 标记的必背词。

• 二轮：在真题长难句中圈出上述动词，分析其后接成分（that 从句 / 介词短语 / 动名词），训练“动词—逻辑”对应能力。

• 态度题：锁定 argue / claim / support / oppose / challenge 等立场动词，快速定位作者或专家态度。

• 因果题：锁定 contribute to / lead to / result in / trigger 等，理清“因—果”链条。

• 数据题：锁定 increase / decline / double / shrink 等趋势词，比对图表与表述是否一致。

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