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初中英语语法每日一讲|分数、百分数、年龄的英语表达

初中英语语法每日一讲|分数、百分数、年龄的英语表达
在中考英语试卷里,数字表达一直是单选、完形、阅读理解、书面表达的高频考点。
很多同学基数词、序数词背得滚瓜烂熟,一碰到分数、百分数、年龄就容易出错:分子分母什么时候加s?percent后面要不要变复数?“5岁的男孩”和男孩五岁写法有什么不一样?
今天我们一次性把这三类数字表达的规则、易错点全部梳理清楚。

一、分数的英语表达

✅ 核心口诀:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于1,分母加s

1. 分子用基数词(one, two, three…),分母用序数词(first, second, third…)

- 1/3 = one‑third
- 1/5 = one‑fifth

2. 当分子>1,后面的分母序数词必须加上‑s

- 2/3 = two‑thirds
- 3/7 = three‑sevenths

📌 特殊分数(固定写法,不能硬套公式)

- 1/2 不说 one‑second,常用 a half
- 1/4 = a quarter;3/4 = three quarters

📌 分数修饰名词两大句式(中考最容易丢分)

结构:分数 + of + 名词;谓语动词单复数由of后面的名词决定

1. Three fifths of the students are boys.
五分之三的学生是男生。(后面students可数复数,谓语用are)
2. Two thirds of the water is clean.
三分之二的水是干净的。(water不可数,谓语动词用is)

💡易错提醒:分数线的连字符可写可不写,two thirds = two‑thirds;但用作形容词定语时一般要加连字符。

二、百分数(percent / percentage)

1. percent(英式亦可写作per cent)

✅ 用法:数字 + percent,percent永远不加s!

- 50% = fifty percent
- 8% = eight percent
❌ 错误:fifty percents

✅ 百分数修饰名词:percent + of + 名词,主谓一致同样看of后的名词

- Forty percent of the land is covered by trees.
百分之四十的土地被树木覆盖。
- Twenty percent of the pupils like drawing.
百分之二十的学生喜欢画画。

2. percentage

percentage 表示“百分比、比例”,前面一般不直接跟数字,常搭配what、a high/low

- What percentage of students pass the exam?
多少比例的学生通过了这场考试?

✨写作加分句:A large percentage of teenagers love watching short videos.

❗高频误区区分

- ✅ 30 percent(正确,数字在前)
- ✅ a high percentage(正确)
- ❌ 30 percentage(错误)

三、年龄的多种英语表达方式(重中之重,写作必背)

年龄分两大类:作表语(描述人多少岁) 和 作前置定语(…岁的XXX,用来修饰名词)

① 表语:主语 + be动词 + 年龄

👉 结构:数字 + years old(数字>1,year加s);one year old

1. He is fifteen years old. 他十五岁。
2. She is one year old. 她一岁。

② 定语(放在名词前面,“XX岁的……”)

✅ 固定规则:数字‑year‑old,中间全部用连字符,year必须用单数,不能加s

- a five‑year‑old girl 一个五岁的女孩
❌ 错误:a five‑years‑old girl

③ “在某人几十岁的时候”固定短语 in one’s + 整十数复数

- in his twenties 在他二十多岁时
- in her thirties 在她三十多岁时

注意:必须用整十基数词复数(twenty→twenties,thirty→thirties),不能写序数词

其他年龄相关拓展(阅读经常遇见)

1. at the age of + 数字 = at age +数字,意为“在……岁时”

- At the age of 12, he began to learn English.
= At age 12, he began to learn English.
在12岁那年,他开始学习英语。

✅ 本章核心总结速记

1. 分数:分子基,分母序,分子大于1,分母加s;1/2=a half,1/4=a quarter
2. 百分数:数字+percent,percent无复数;主谓看of后的名词
3. 年龄
- 表语:… years old
- 定语:…‑year‑old(单数,带连字符)
- 在某人几十多岁:in one’s + 整十复数

📖 配套练习题

一、单项选择

1. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is  B. Two fifths; is  C. Two fifth; are  D. Two fifths; are
2. —How old is your sister?
—She is ______ girl.
A. eight‑years‑old  B. eight years old  C. an eight‑year‑old  D. a eight‑year‑old
3. About ______ of the students in our class ______ from the countryside.
A. 60 percent; comes  B. 60 percent; come
C. 60 percents; come  D. 60 percentage; comes
4. When my father was ______, he worked in this factory.
A. in his thirty  B. in his thirties  C. at his thirty  D. at his thirties
5. One ______ of the work ______ finished by Tom yesterday.
A. third; was  B. third; were  C. three; was  D. three; were

二、按要求改写句子

1. Three quarters of the books are mine.(同义替换 three quarters)

2. He is 14 years old.(改为定语形式:他是一名14岁的男孩)



三、翻译

1. 五分之二的沙子是湿的。

2. 在她二十多岁的时候,她环游了世界。



✅ 参考答案

一、单选

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A

二、改写

1. Three fourths of the books are mine.
2. He is a fourteen‑year‑old boy.

三、翻译

1. Two fifths of the sand is wet.
2. In her twenties, she travelled around the world.

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