初中英语必考语法学习手册 -句法篇—宾语从句

【第9章　宾语从句】

一、核心定义

一个句子在另一个句子里当宾语，就是宾语从句。　I know（主句）　that he is a good student.（宾语从句）三要素：引导词、语序、时态。

 二、必考规则 

 1. 引导词怎么选 

（1）原句是陈述句，用 that 引导，口语中可以省略　He says (that) he is busy. 

（2）原句是一般疑问句，用 if 或 whether 引导，意思是“是否”　I don’t know if / whether he will come.　只能用 whether 的三种情况：后面有 or not；前面是介词；后面接不定式　　

I don’t know whether or not he will come. 

（3）原句是特殊疑问句，就用原来的疑问词　

Please tell me where he lives. / I don’t know when the meeting begins. 

 2. 语序：一律用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后） 

I don’t know where he lives.（对） 

I don’t know where does he live.(错）

 3. 时态呼应 

（1）主句是现在时（现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时），从句时态根据需要自由选择 

　I think he is / was / will be right. 

（2）主句是过去时，从句用过去的某一种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）　

He said he would come.（过去将来） 

She asked me if I had finished my homework.（过去完成） 

（3）客观真理永远用一般现在时　The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 

 4. 常用句型I think / believe / hope / suppose + that 从句否定前移：I don’t think he is right.（我认为他不对）　

注意反意疑问句的尾巴要和从句一致：I think he is right, isn’t he?

 宾语从句简化：I wonder how I can get there. = I wonder how to get there.

三、典型例句 

Could you tell me where the bank is? 

I don’t know whether he will come or not.

She asked me if I liked English.He said that he was watching TV at that time. 

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 

 四、背诵口诀 

引导词看原句：陈述 that，一般疑问 if / whether，特殊疑问用原词。语序一律用陈述，主语在前谓语后。时态跟着主句走，过去配过去。客观真理是例外，永远都是现在时。

 五、易错坑提醒 

1. 宾语从句的语序不能倒装，这是最常考的陷阱

2. if 在宾语从句里是“是否”，在状语从句里是“如果”，一定要注意区分

3. whether 后面有 or not 时不能换成 if4. I think 后面的从句否定要前移到主句：I don’t think...

5. 主句过去时，从句时态要跟着后退，但客观真理不变

6. 从句不要漏掉主语：I don’t know what he wants.

 六、自测5题 

1. I don’t know where he ________ (live).

2. Do you know where he ________ (be) from?

3. “Is she a teacher?” I want to know if she ________ a teacher. 

4. He said that he ________ (will) visit his grandma the next week. 

5. Our teacher told us that the sun ________ (rise) in the east.

 答案

 1. lives（陈述语序，三单加 s） 

2. is（陈述语序用 be 动词） 

3. is（一般疑问句变宾语从句，语序不变） 

4. would（主句过去时，从句用过去将来） 

5. rises（客观真理永远用一般现在时）