ARTICLE · 1272369
英语四级阅读理解历年真题(3)
英语四级阅读理解历年真题（3）
来源：2022年12月英语四级仔细阅读 Passage One，主题为《5-Factor World Diet》中观察到的各国健康饮食特征。
阅读原文
To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing. He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries. For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. “We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos of regional, seasonal produce. For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes. Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner. Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,” said Pasternak. “So really, regardless of what you’re eating, if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day, they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”
题目
46. What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?
A) Variety.
B) Flavor.
C) Color.
D) Naturalness.
47. What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?
A) They emphasize nutrition.
B) They tend to eat quite a lot.
C) They prioritize convenience.
D) They care about flavors.
48. What features are in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?
A) Fruits and vegetables.
B) Olive oil and red wine.
C) Seasonal local produce.
D) Unprocessed ingredients.
49. What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?
A) They get the whole family to eat at a table.
B) They eat their meals regularly and punctually.
C) They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.
D) They attach great importance to their meals.
50. Compared with the average American, people in healthy societies ___________.
A) walk at least 4 miles a day
B) do considerably more walking
C) pay more attention to body shape
D) consume a lot more organic food
答案与解析
46. A
细节理解题。原文提到日本人食用 “a wonderful variety of seaweeds”，中国人 “include at least five different colors in every meal”，两者共同体现的是食物种类的多样性。A 项 “Variety” 正确。
47. B
细节理解题。定位到 “Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries”。美国人的典型特征是食量更大。B 项 “They tend to eat quite a lot” 对应 “much bigger portions”。
48. C
细节理解题。原文说地中海、北欧和冲绳饮食 “all seem to stick to the ethos of regional, seasonal produce”。C 项 “Seasonal local produce” 与 “regional, seasonal produce” 直接对应。
49. D
推理判断题。原文说 “Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event”，例如家庭餐桌上的多道菜、长时间午餐等，说明这些文化把吃饭当作一件重要的事情。D 项 “They attach great importance to their meals” 概括准确。
50. B
细节理解题。原文最后说健康社会 “all walk way more than the average American”，并举例 “walking four miles more than you each day”。B 项 “do considerably more walking” 与 “walk way more” 一致，而 A 项 “at least 4 miles a day” 是具体举例，并非普遍标准，属于过度推断。
