应用文Passage 1 · 河畔科学博物馆「冬季天气与气候实验室」家庭活动通告

Winter 'Weather & Climate Lab' Family Program — Riverside Science Museum Notice · 基于河畔科学博物馆公开活动信息与气象科普内容编写 · 城市科普 / 博物馆活动 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）冬季，河畔科学博物馆推出「天气与气候实验室」家庭活动：含开放日期与时段、动手工坊（制作迷你气象站、瓶中云实验）、每日科普讲座、门票与预约规则、参观须知等。信息密集、时间地点条件明确，是典型的应用文体，适合训练细节定位。

🔤 生词表：explore 探索、探究　climate 气候　workshops 工作坊、手工坊　suitable 适合的、适宜的　booking 预约、预订　exhibits 展品　station 站、台（weather station 气象站）　track 追踪、记录

📖 阅读短文（约 148 词）

WINTER WEATHER & CLIMATE LAB — Family Program Notice (Riverside Science Museum) This winter, the Riverside Science Museum opens a special family program called the 'Weather & Climate Lab.' Visitors can explore how clouds form, why storms happen, and how scientists track our changing climate. 1. Dates & time: Open every Saturday and Sunday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., from 5 December to 18 January. Last entry at 3:30 p.m. 2. Hands-on workshops: Build a mini weather station and make a cloud in a bottle (suitable for ages 6 and up). A free climate-talk is held at 2 p.m. on each open day. 3. Tickets: Free for members and children under 5; others pay a small fee at the door. Online booking is required for the workshops. 4. Rules: No food, drinks or flash photography inside the lab; please touch exhibits only when signs say so. Hotline: 555-0172.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When is the free climate-talk held?

A. Every day at the museum, from morning until 4 p.m.　B. At 2 p.m. on each open day (Saturday and Sunday)　C. On Saturday and Sunday, at the very end of the day　D. Once a month, with online booking required

细节理解 2. What is required to join the hands-on workshops?

A. Visitors may simply walk in without any booking　B. A small fee must be paid at the door before entering　C. Online booking in advance　D. Membership in the museum is necessary for everyone

推理判断 3. What can visitors do at the Weather & Climate Lab?

A. Build a mini weather station and study storms　B. Take flash photos inside the lab freely, as the rules allow　C. Eat and drink inside the lab at any time they wish　D. Stay inside the museum after 4 p.m. without any booking

记叙文Passage 2 · 16 岁少年用 CPR 救回父亲，然后带队走上球场

A 16-year-old who saved his father with CPR, then led his team onto the field · 基于 Connecticut Post 2026 年 10 月 8 日关于 Madison 市 Daniel Hand 高中男生 Noah White 用 CPR 救回心脏病发作父亲的报道编写 · 美国康涅狄格州 / 成长励志 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）16 岁的 Noah White 是 Daniel Hand 高中的橄榄球防守球员。一天傍晚，父亲 John 突发心脏病倒在家里的厨房地板上，Noah 立刻对他实施 CPR，撑住了父亲的性命，直到急救人员赶到。十天后，他作为旗手带领队友走上主场球场，看台上还坐着正与癌症抗争的教练。故事讲述危急时刻的勇气、家人之间的爱，以及一支球队如何成为比生命更大的依靠——属于「人与自我」中的成长与责任。

🔤 生词表：collapsed 倒下、昏倒　paramedics 急救人员、护理人员　rushed 匆忙送往、急送　varsity （学校）主力队的、校队的　lifesaving 救生的、救命的　coaching 执教、当教练　bigger 更大的（bigger than yourself 超越自我）　hospital 医院

📖 阅读短文（约 169 词）

On a quiet Tuesday night in North Madison, 16-year-old Noah White came home from football practice, hungry and tired. His father, John, was in the kitchen. Then, without warning, John collapsed from a heart attack on the kitchen floor. Noah did not freeze. He pressed his hands to his father's chest and began CPR — the same lifesaving skill he had learned at school. He kept going until paramedics arrived and rushed John to the hospital. Doctors later said the CPR had kept John alive. Ten days later, Noah stood at the front of the Daniel Hand football team. As a junior player in his first varsity season, he had been chosen to lead his teammates onto Strong Field, holding the American flag. In the stands sat Coach Mike Ciotti, 59, fighting Stage 4 cancer yet still coaching. 'It's about heart,' his coach said. 'It's about becoming part of something bigger than yourself.' For Noah, saving his dad and standing with his team showed what growing up really means.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did Noah do when his father collapsed?

A. He was too afraid to act and left his father alone　B. He drove his father all the way to the hospital by himself　C. He called paramedics but refused to touch his father　D. He did CPR on his father until paramedics arrived

推理判断 2. What does the coach's words suggest about the team?

A. It makes young players part of something bigger than themselves　B. It cares only about football games and winning titles　C. It asks its players to forget their families and focus only on football　D. It believes football is less important than schoolwork

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to become a professional football star　B. Why sudden heart attacks happen so often across the country　C. A teenager's courage, love and growth through a crisis　D. The history of CPR training in schools

词义猜测 4. The phrase "did not freeze" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. did not panic and keep acting　B. became very cold in the kitchen room　C. took a quick photograph of the scene　D. went to sleep right away without moving

说明文Passage 3 · 巴西亚马逊大火激增：厄尔尼诺、气候与人为的叠加

Fires surge in Brazil's Amazon: El Niño, climate and human activity collide · Reuters，2026 年 10 月 13–14 日（巴西亚马逊州火情激增） · 巴西亚马逊 / 生态环境 · 人与自然

📌 导读：路透社报道，受厄尔尼诺、气候变化与人为活动叠加影响，巴西亚马逊州本月火情激增：10 月前两周发生 1,679 起火灾，较去年同期飙升 253%；浓烟笼罩居民区，至少 36 个市镇进入紧急状态，马瑙斯公立学校一度停课。官员怀疑部分火灾系故意纵火以清理土地。说明文客观解释现象成因与后果。

🔤 生词表：surged 激增、飙升　monitoring 监测（monitoring system 监测系统）　municipalities 市镇、市（复数）　emergency 紧急状态（states of emergency 紧急状态）　triggered 引发、触发　ranching 放牧、畜牧业　deliberate 故意的、蓄意的　arson 纵火

📖 阅读短文（约 156 词）

In mid-October, fires surged deep in Brazil's Amazon, choking residents with thick smoke. According to the country's Amazon monitoring system, Amazonas state recorded 1,679 fires in the first two weeks of October — a 253% jump from the same period last year. Officials suspect many of the blazes were set on purpose, often to clear land for farming or ranching. The smoke has triggered states of emergency in at least 36 municipalities, and poor air quality forced public schools in Manaus, a city of over 2 million, to close. Scientists and officials point to the El Niño phenomenon — predicted to be among the strongest on record — together with climate change and human activity, as drivers of the surge. 'Water stress and heat stress are hitting with extreme intensity,' one researcher said. Brazil's government has sent aircraft and fire crews to fight the flames, while the environment ministry has promised an investigation into deliberatearson.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How many fires were recorded in Amazonas in early October?

A. 365 fires, similar to the number last year　B. About 1,200 fires, only a small increase　C. 1,679 fires, a 253% rise from the same period last year　D. More than 3,000 fires were reported across the whole of Brazil this month

词义猜测 2. The word "surged" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. disappeared slowly over time　B. decreased sharply to nothing　C. moved quietly to another place　D. increased suddenly and strongly

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about the causes of the fires?

A. Climate, warming and human activity together drove the fires　B. The fires were caused only by natural lightning, never by people　C. Heavy rain this year made the Amazon forest wet and safe　D. Local governments ordered the fires to clear land

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to put out forest fires quickly with new tools　B. Why fires in the Amazon surged and what they caused　C. The complete history of Brazil's weather, climate and forest　D. Why foreign tourists should avoid the Amazon now

说明文Passage 4 · 睡够+控屏+运动：研究破解青少年心理「组合拳」

Sleep, screens and sport: a study cracks the code of teen mental health · 基于上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院朱静芬团队发表于《Journal of Affective Disorders》的 1.5 万余名中学生研究（2026）编写 · 中国上海 / 青少年健康 · 人与自我

📌 导读：上海交通大学团队结合上海 1.5 万余名中学生的调研发现：睡眠、屏幕时间与身体活动三者共同影响心理健康。屏幕时间+睡眠「双达标」对抑郁的防护效果，显著优于单独运动达标；三项全达标可降低抑郁风险 55%、焦虑风险 79%。但现实达标率低——仅约 2.7% 三项全达标，女生风险更高。说明文客观呈现研究结论与健康启示。

🔤 生词表：mental 精神的、心理的（mental health 心理健康）　depression 抑郁、抑郁症　anxiety 焦虑　loneliness 孤独感　target 目标（hit every target 达成全部目标）　scrolling 刷屏、滚动浏览（less scrolling 少刷屏）　package 整体、一揽子（as one package 作为整体）　guard 保护、守护

📖 阅读短文（约 152 词）

A new study from a university in Shanghai followed more than 15,000 middle- and high-school students to see how daily habits shape mental health. The researchers found that sleep, screen time and physical activity work together, not separately. Meeting two habits at once — limited screen time plus enough sleep — protected students from depression far better than exercise alone. Those who met all three lowered their risk of depression by 55% and anxiety by 79%. Yet few students hit every target. Only about 2.7% met all three, while nearly 40% failed all of them. The study also found girls faced higher risks: their rates of depression, anxiety and loneliness reached 18.8%, 38.5% and 53.7%. The authors advise schools and families to treat sleep, screens and sport as one package. Small daily changes — an earlier bedtime, less scrolling, more movement — may guard a teenager's mood more than any single fix.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did the study find about the three daily habits?

A. Exercise alone was the strongest protection against depression　B. Limited screen time plus enough sleep beat exercise alone　C. Screen time had no link at all to mental health　D. Only older high-school students benefited from the habits

推理判断 2. What can we infer about real-life adherence to the habits?

A. Most students already meet all three targets every day　B. Boys are clearly at higher risk of depression than girls　C. The habits matter only for primary-school pupils　D. Very few students actually meet all three in practice

词义猜测 3. The phrase "guard a teenager's mood" most probably means ______.

A. protect a teenager's emotional state　B. measure a teenager's intelligence and learning ability　C. record a teenager's daily food and eating habits　D. change a teenager's school grade

主旨大意 4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How to make a teenager's exercise more fun　B. Why teenagers should avoid all screens and phones completely　C. The history of teenage sleep and mood research in China　D. Sleep, screens and sport together protect teen mental health

说明文Passage 5 · 炽热「熔岩行星」HD 3167b 竟留住大气：给早期地球的一面镜子

A scorching lava world keeps its atmosphere — a mirror to early Earth · 基于 University of Chicago / ScienceDaily 2026 年 10 月报道及《The Astrophysical Journal Letters》论文（HD 3167b 大气证据）编写 · 太空 / 天文探索 · 人与自然

📌 导读：借助韦布空间望远镜，芝加哥大学团队在距地球约 154 光年的「超级地球」HD 3167b 上找到大气存在的强力证据。这颗熔岩行星每 0.96 天绕恒星一周、被潮汐锁定，向阳面温度可超 1700 K，按常理大气应被恒星辐射剥离；但观测显示其白昼面亮度低于预期，说明大气在反射星光并把热量输往背阴面。它被视为早期地球岩浆洋阶段的「镜像」，帮助理解幼年地球如何冷却、为液态水创造条件。

🔤 生词表：astronomers 天文学家（复数）　constellation 星座（constellation Pisces 双鱼座）　tidally 潮汐地（tidally locked 潮汐锁定）　radiation 辐射（star's radiation 恒星辐射）　dimmer 更暗的　reflecting 反射（reflecting starlight 反射星光）　molten 熔融的、熔化的（molten world 熔岩世界）　liquid 液态的（liquid water 液态水）

📖 阅读短文（约 169 词）

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have found strong evidence that a rocky 'lava world' called HD 3167 b has an atmosphere, even though it circles its star every 0.96 days under extreme heat. The planet lies about 154 light-years away in the constellation Pisces. HD 3167 b is tidally locked: one side always faces its star, where temperatures can exceed 1,700 kelvin — hot enough to melt rock. Scientists once expected such a close-in planet to lose its atmosphere to the star's radiation. Yet Webb's measurements show the planet's day side is dimmer than a bare rock would be. The best explanation is that an atmosphere cools the surface by reflecting starlight and carrying heat to the night side. The atmosphere may even be fed by the planet's own magma ocean. Because early Earth was also a molten world, studying HD 3167 b offers a rare window into how rocky planets keep their air — and how our young Earth may have cooled enough for liquid water.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What makes HD 3167 b unusual among rocky planets?

A. It keeps an atmosphere despite orbiting very close to its star　B. It has lost its atmosphere because it is too far from its star　C. It is the largest planet ever discovered by the Webb telescope　D. It is a planet completely made of liquid water

词义猜测 2. The phrase "tidally locked" most probably means ______.

A. completely frozen on both sides　B. moving slowly away from its star　C. one side always facing its star　D. spinning very fast like a top

推理判断 3. Why is the day side of HD 3167 b dimmer than expected?

A. The host star suddenly went completely dark during the whole observation　B. Its atmosphere reflects starlight and moves heat away　C. The planet has no rocks left on its surface　D. The night side is the only part that glows at all

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build a space telescope from scratch　B. Why Pisces is by far the brightest constellation in the night sky　C. Why the Earth is the only planet with liquid water　D. A lava world's surprise atmosphere and its link to early Earth

议论文Passage 6 · 欧盟严管 AI：安全护栏，还是创新枷锁？

Europe's strict AI rules: safety guardrails or a brake on innovation? · 基于 Reuters / AP 2026 年 8 月报道（欧盟 AI 法通用目的 AI 监管权限生效、AI 办公室扩编）编写 · 欧盟 / 科技治理 · 人与社会

📌 导读：2026 年 8 月 2 日起，欧盟 AI 法对先进「通用目的 AI」模型的监管权限正式生效：开发者须提交技术文档、制定版权政策、公开训练内容摘要；违规最高可罚 3500 万欧元或全球年营业额 7%。欧盟还为 AI 办公室新增 38 名工作人员，并设立举报与合规通道。支持者认为透明与监管能建立信任；批评者则担心规则已显过时、可能拖累创新。文章在呈现双方论据后主张：监管必要，但须紧跟技术演进。

🔤 生词表：enforcement 执行、执法（enforcement powers 执法权）　general-purpose 通用的（general-purpose AI 通用目的AI）　copyright 版权（copyright policies 版权政策）　turnover 营业额（global yearly turnover 全球年营业额）　whistleblower 举报人　compliance 合规（compliance channels 合规通道）　oversight 监管、监督　sensible 明智的、合理的

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

On 2 August 2026, the European Union's AI Act switched on its enforcement powers over advanced 'general-purpose AI' models. Developers must now prepare technical documents, adopt copyright policies and publish summaries of the content used to train their models. Companies that break the rules can face fines of up to 35 million euros, or 7% of global yearly turnover. To police the law, the EU added 38 staff to its AI Office and launched whistleblower and compliance channels. 'As enforcement begins, we are taking an important step towards AI that people can trust,' said the EU's tech chief. Supporters say clear rules and labelling build public trust and make powerful systems safer. Critics, however, warn that the rules may already be outdated and could slow innovation, since models improve faster than laws can be written. The sensible path lies in balance: oversight is needed, yet it must keep pace with technology, or regulation will protect no one.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can be inferred about the EU's goal in enforcing the AI Act?

A. To free AI companies from having to write any documents　B. To build public trust through clear rules and labelling　C. To ban the use of all AI systems made in Europe　D. To let each company write its own laws freely

观点态度 2. What is the author's attitude toward AI regulation?

A. Totally against any form of oversight　B. In favour of unlimited control over AI with absolutely no limits　C. Supportive of balanced, tech-paced rules　D. Uninterested in whether AI is regulated

细节理解 3. What must developers of advanced AI models now do under the Act?

A. Prepare technical documents and publish data summaries　B. Pay a large fine whenever their AI system breaks the rules　C. Close their AI Office in Brussels at once　D. Refuse to use any labelled AI content at all

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to design safer AI systems under new rules　B. The long history of European technology and law　C. Why the EU dislikes all modern technology and the internet　D. Europe's AI law: the debate between safety and innovation

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 河畔科学博物馆「冬季天气与气候实验室」家庭活动通告

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「A free climate-talk is held at 2 p.m. on each open day」可知免费气候讲座在每个开放日（周六、周日）下午 2 点举行，故选 B。A 把开放日讲座偷换成每日开放（扩大范围）；C 安到周末却篡改成闭馆前（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把每次开放日说成每月一次（偷换概念）。

定位：A free climate-talk is held at 2 p.m. on each open day.

2. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「Online booking is required for the workshops」可知工坊须提前在线预约，故选 C。A 说无需预约直接进（与原文相反，属偷换概念）；B 把「门口收小额门票」篡改为「须在门口付费」才能进工坊（部分真实关键篡改）；D 说必须入会（原文会员免费但他人购票即可，属缩小范围）。

定位：Online booking is required for the workshops.

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「Visitors can explore how clouds form, why storms happen」与「Build a mini weather station」可知参观者可在实验室制作迷你气象站并了解风暴成因，故选 A。B 把「馆内禁止闪光摄影」说成可随意拍（偷换概念）；C 把「馆内禁饮食」篡改成可随时饮食（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把闭馆 16 点说成可滞留（扩大范围）。

定位：Visitors can explore how clouds form, why storms happen

Passage 2 · 16 岁少年用 CPR 救回父亲，然后带队走上球场

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「He pressed his hands to his father's chest and began CPR ... He kept going until paramedics arrived」可知 Noah 对父亲实施 CPR 直至急救人员赶到，故选 D。A 把原文「没有僵住」篡改成「僵住不动、抛下父亲」（部分真实关键篡改）；B 把送医安到 Noah 自己开车（张冠李戴，实为急救人员送医）；C 虽提到急救人员却篡改「拒绝触碰」为错（偷换概念）。

定位：He pressed his hands to his father's chest and began CPR

2. 答案：A　推理判断题。由教练的话「It's about becoming part of something bigger than yourself」可推知球队让年轻人融入比自我更大的集体，故选 A。B 把「超越自我」说成「只在乎赢球」属偷换概念；C 说「完全不顾家人」与 Noah 救父情节相反、属答非所问；D 比较学业与橄榄球重要性，原文未提及（张冠李戴）。

定位：It's about becoming part of something bigger than yourself.

3. 答案：C　主旨大意题。全文围绕 16 岁 Noah 危急时刻用 CPR 救父、十天后带队登场展开，结尾点出「成长的真义」，故选 C。A 讲成为职业球星、B 讲心脏病普遍性、D 讲校园 CPR 史，均属细节或无关（A、B 偷换概念，D 答非所问）。

定位：For Noah, saving his dad and standing with his team showed what growing up really means.

4. 答案：A　词义猜测题。前文写父亲突然倒地，后文写 Noah 立即上手做 CPR 并坚持到急救赶到，可知「did not freeze」意为「没有吓呆、没有停下手」，即「没有因害怕而停滞」，故选 A。B 把 freeze 字面化为「变冷」、C 联想成「拍照」、D 说成「立刻睡着」，均为偷换概念。

定位：Noah did not freeze.

Passage 3 · 巴西亚马逊大火激增：厄尔尼诺、气候与人为的叠加

1. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「Amazonas state recorded 1,679 fires in the first two weeks of October — a 253% jump from the same period last year」可知亚马逊州 10 月前两周录得 1,679 起火灾、同比飙升 253%，故选 C。A、B、D 均篡改数字（365/1,200/3,000 均非原文数据，属偷换概念；D 还把范围扩大至全巴西）。

定位：Amazonas state recorded 1,679 fires in the first two weeks of October — a 253% jump from the same period last year.

2. 答案：D　词义猜测题。首句写 10 月中旬亚马逊深处「fires surged」并以浓烟窒息居民，后文给出「253% jump」的同比增幅，可知 surged 意为「骤然、强烈地增加」，故选 D。A 消失、B 骤减、C 悄然迁移，均为反义或无关（偷换概念 / 答非所问）。

定位：In mid-October, fires surged deep in Brazil's Amazon, choking residents with thick smoke

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「Scientists and officials point to the El Niño phenomenon ... together with climate change and human activity, as drivers of the surge」可推知此次火情是气候模态、变暖与人为活动共同驱动，故选 A。B 把原文「火灾少为自然成因、多为故意」篡改为「全由自然闪电引起」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把干旱高温说成「多雨安全」（偷换概念）；D 把纵火者说成政府下令（张冠李戴）。

定位：together with climate change and human activity, as drivers of the surge.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文解释巴西亚马逊大火为何激增（厄尔尼诺、气候、人为）及其后果（浓烟、紧急状态、停课、调查），故选 B。A 讲灭火工具、C 讲巴西天气史、D 讲游客避坑，均属无关或细节（A 偷换概念，C 答非所问，D 张冠李戴）。

定位：fires surged deep in Brazil's Amazon

Passage 4 · 睡够+控屏+运动：研究破解青少年心理「组合拳」

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Meeting two habits at once — limited screen time plus enough sleep — protected students from depression far better than exercise alone」可知「限屏+充足睡眠」对抑郁的防护显著优于单独运动，故选 B。A 把「运动仅对焦虑有益」篡改为「运动是抑郁最强防护」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把「相关」说成「完全无关」（偷换概念）；D 把覆盖初高中的样本说成「仅高年级受益」（缩小范围）。

定位：Meeting two habits at once — limited screen time plus enough sleep — protected students from depression far better than exercise alone.

2. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「Only about 2.7% met all three, while nearly 40% failed all of them」可推知现实中极少学生三项全达标，故选 D。A 把 2.7% 篡改为「大多数已达标」（部分真实关键篡改）；B 把「女生风险更高」反说成「男生更高」（偷换概念）；C 把覆盖初高中的研究缩小为「仅小学生」（缩小范围）。

定位：Only about 2.7% met all three, while nearly 40% failed all of them.

3. 答案：A　词义猜测题。前文讲睡眠、屏幕、运动「作为整体」可改善心理健康，本句说日常小改变「may guard a teenager's mood」，guard 与 protect 同义，意为「守护、保护情绪状态」，故选 A。B 测智商、C 记饮食、D 改成绩均为偷换概念或答非所问。

定位：may guard a teenager's mood more than any single fix

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文围绕「睡眠、屏幕、运动三者共同守护青少年心理健康」展开，结尾主张把它们当作整体，故选 D。A 讲让运动更有趣（答非所问）；B 把「限屏」极端化为「完全禁屏」（扩大范围）；C 讲中国心理健康研究史（答非所问）。

定位：sleep, screen time and physical activity work together

Passage 5 · 炽热「熔岩行星」HD 3167b 竟留住大气：给早期地球的一面镜子

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「has an atmosphere, even though it circles its star every 0.96 days under extreme heat」可知这颗岩质行星虽极近恒星却仍保有大气，故选 A。B 把「保有大气」反说成「因过远而失大气」（偷换概念）；C 说成韦布发现的最大行星（扩大范围）；D 把「存在液态水条件」篡改为「整颗水球」（部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：has an atmosphere, even though it circles its star every 0.96 days under extreme heat.

2. 答案：C　词义猜测题。后文以冒号解释「one side always faces its star」，即行星一面永远朝向恒星，这正是「潮汐锁定」的含义，故选 C。A 完全冻结、B 缓慢远离恒星、D 像陀螺飞快旋转，均为偷换概念或答非所问。

定位：HD 3167 b is tidally locked: one side always faces its star

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「an atmosphere cools the surface by reflecting starlight and carrying heat to the night side」可推知白昼面偏暗是因为大气反射了星光并把热量输往夜面，故选 B。A 说恒星变暗（偷换概念）；C 把熔岩世界说成表面无岩石（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把白昼偏暗归因于夜面发光（偷换概念）。

定位：an atmosphere cools the surface by reflecting starlight and carrying heat to the night side.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文介绍 HD 3167b 这颗熔岩行星意外保有大气，并点明它作为早期地球岩浆洋「镜像」的意义，故选 D。A 讲造望远镜、B 讲双鱼座最亮、C 讲地球唯一有液态水，均属无关或细节（A 偷换概念，B 扩大范围，C 张冠李戴）。

定位：studying HD 3167 b offers a rare window into how rocky planets keep their air

Passage 6 · 欧盟严管 AI：安全护栏，还是创新枷锁？

1. 答案：B　推理判断题。由科技主管的话「we are taking an important step towards AI that people can trust」及「Supporters say clear rules and labelling build public trust」可推知欧盟目标是通过清晰规则与标识建立公众信任，故选 B。A 把「要求写文档」反说成「免除写文档」（偷换概念）；C 把监管说成「全面禁 AI」（扩大范围）；D 说成「各公司自定法律」（张冠李戴）。

定位：As enforcement begins, we are taking an important step towards AI that people can trust

2. 答案：C　观点态度题。作者在呈现支持与批评双方后写道「The sensible path lies in balance: oversight is needed, yet it must keep pace with technology」，整体持「支持有度监管、且须与技术同步」的理性态度，故选 C。A 全面反对监管、B 赞成一刀切无限管控、D 漠不关心，均是把某方极端立场误当作者态度（A、B 偷换概念，D 答非所问）。

定位：The sensible path lies in balance: oversight is needed, yet it must keep pace with technology

3. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「Developers must now prepare technical documents ... and publish summaries of the content used to train their models」可知开发者须准备技术文档并公开训练内容摘要，故选 A。B 把「最高 3500 万欧元罚款上限」篡改为「随时犯错就交罚款」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把「增设 AI 办公室」反说成「关闭」（偷换概念）；D 把「内容须标识」说成「拒绝使用任何带标识内容」（偷换概念）。

定位：Developers must now prepare technical documents, adopt copyright policies and publish summaries of the content used to train their models.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文围绕欧盟 AI 法展开，呈现「支持者主张透明安全、批评者担忧拖累创新」的争论，并给出平衡结论，故选 D。A 讲如何设计更安全的 AI 系统、B 讲欧洲科技法律史、C 讲欧盟讨厌科技，均属无关或极端化（A 偷换概念，B 偷换概念，C 张冠李戴）。

定位：Supporters say clear rules and labelling build public trust and make powerful systems safer.