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微信：cs5311742016 主营各地名校期中期末真题卷及小初高全套教材教案讲义知识点总结
北京市西城区 2023—2024 学年度第二学期期末试卷
八年级英语
2024.7
注意事项
1.本试卷共12页，共九道大题，55道小题。其中第一大题至第八大题为必做题，满分90分。
第九道大题为选做题，满分10分，计入总分，但卷面总分不超过90分。考试时间100分钟。
2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校、班级、姓名和学号。
3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5.考试结束，请将考试材料一并交回。
听力理解
一、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选
项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍.（共12分，每题1.5分）
听对话，回答以下各小题。
1. What’s the boy’s hobby?
A. Flying kites. B. Painting pictures. C Building model planes.
2. Where does the girl keep her paintings?
A. In her room. B. At the park. C. In the classroom.
听对话，回答以下各小题。
3. When will the woman have a trip?
A. In three weeks. B. In two weeks. C. In one week.
4. What does the woman have to do before leaving?
A. Train her dog and cat to stay at home alone.
B. Find someone to look after her dog and cat.
C. Prepare her dog for a road trip with the man.
听对话，回答以下各小题。
5. What can we know about Sara?
A. She was late for school today. B. She hasn’t taken any medicine. C. She will finish the report with Tom.
6. What will Tom probably do next?
A. He’ll get some rest. B. He’ll collect some ideas. C. He’ll visit Sara tomorrow.
听独白，回答以下各小题。
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7. Why does the speaker give the speech?
A. To teach people how to read a story book.
B. To introduce some interesting ways to relax.
C. To encourage people to keep fit by doing sports.
8. What is good about the “color walk”?
A. You can work on what you like.
B. You can forget who and where you are.
C. You can give full attention to the present.
二、听独白，记录关键信息。本段独白你将听两遍。（共8分，每题2分）
听独白，记录关键信息。本段独白你将听两遍。
When to help
★Face problems
★Need someone to 9
Who can help
Teen Talk ★The university students going through more than
10 hours of special training
What it can do
★ 11 and work on the problems with you
★Offer 12 to improve your situation
知识运用
三、单项填空（共10分，每题1分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mrs. Smith has two kids and she often plays tennis with ________ on Sundays.
A. him B. them C. you D. her
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：史密斯太太有两个孩子，她经常在星期天和他们打网球。
考查代词辨析。him他；them他们；you你（们）；her她。根据“Mrs. Smith has two kids”可知，此处应用
人称代词的宾格them“他们”，指代史密斯太太的两个孩子。故选B。
2. During the winter holiday, my family traveled to Hainan ________ plane.
A. in B. on C. by D. to
【答案】C
【解析】
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【详解】句意：寒假期间，我们全家乘飞机去海南旅游。
考查介词辨析。in在……内；on在……之上；by通过；to到。by plane“乘飞机”，是固定搭配。故选C。
3. Betty and Lily ________ friends since they were 13 years old.
A. were B. are C. have been D. will be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：贝蒂和莉莉从 13 岁起就是朋友。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since they were 13 years old”可知，时态为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动
作，持续到现在。故选C。
4. — Dad, this black shirt ________ very soft. Would you like to try it on?
— No, thanks. I prefer light colors.
A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. feels
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——爸爸，这件黑衬衫摸起来很柔软。您想试穿一下吗？——不了，谢谢。我喜欢浅色的。
考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；smells闻起来；feels感觉到。空格后为“soft”，表达的是
触感，故应用动词feels，即摸起来很柔软。故选D。
5. —Tim, you need to go now, ________ you will be late for class.
—OK, mom. I’m leaving now.
A. or B. but C. and D. so
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Tim，你现在就得走了，否则你上课会迟到。——好的，妈妈。我现在就走。
考查并列连词辨析。or否则，不然；but但是；and并且；so因此。根据“you need to go now”和“you will
be late for class”可知，现在就得走，不然就会迟到，用or表示 “否则，不然”。故选A。
6. —________ do you cook for your family?
— About twice a week.
A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How many
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你多久为家人做一次饭？——大约一周两次。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久、多长；How much多少钱，询问价格；How often多久一次，询问频率；
How many多少，询问数量。根据答语“About twice a week”可知，题干是询问频率。故选C。
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7. I refuse ________ all the fried food because I want to keep fit.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：我拒绝吃所有的油炸食品，因为我想保持健康。
本题考查动词不定式。eat 动词原形； to eat动词不定式； eating 现在分词或动名词；ate 过去式。refuse
to do sth.表示 “拒绝做某事”。故选B。
8. —Sam, you ________ the table yet. It’s all messy!
—Sorry, I’ll do it immediately.
A. haven’t cleared B. weren’t clearing C. won’t clear D. don’t clear
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Sam，你还没有收拾桌子。它乱七八糟的！——抱歉。我会立即收拾。
考查现在完成时。根据yet可知，此处表示对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。故选A。
9. It ________ the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.
A. takes B. will take C. has taken D. took
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：1930年代，作者花了几个月的时间完成了《红星照耀中国》一书。
考查时态。takes一般现在时；will take一般将来时；has taken现在完成时；took一般过去式。根据“It…
the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.”句中时间状语in the 1930s可知，
的
句子时态为一般过去时，take 过去式为took。故选D。
10. —Do you know ________?
—Next Sunday morning.
A. when will we visit the Science Museum B. when we will visit the Science Museum
C. when did we visit the Science Museum D. when we visited the Science Museum
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观科学博物馆吗？——下周日早上。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句遵循“陈述语序”，可排除AC选项；根据“Next Sunday morning.”可知，事情发
生在将来，从句需用一般将来时。故选B。
四、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）
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阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最
佳选项。
Sam and his family were spending their holiday at the seaside. When Sam and his grandma stood on the beach
watching the sunrise, a perfect shell ____11____ ashore (上岸). Sam quickly picked it up and turned it over.
Inside, the shell was as pink as a rabbit’s ear!
“It is a gift from the sea,” said Grandma, “Take good care of it.” “I will,” said Sam.
Sam ____12____ showed his treasure to his family. His parents loved it, but his brother Vikram thought it
was nothing special.
The next day, Sam ____13____ the shell on the shelf in their cottage (小屋) and then went with his family to
the boardwalk. Vikram didn’t go with them, because he was busy taking pictures.
At the boardwalk, Sam saw shells on sale, but none were as ____14____ as his. Back at the cottage, he ran to
his room to admire (欣赏) the shell. But it was gone!
“Dad, where is my shell?” Sam cried.
“Where did you put it?” Dad asked.
“I put it on the shelf but it’s not there!” answered Sam. Then something caught his eye...under Vikram’s bed.
“Vikram took it,” he said.
“I did not!” shouted Vikram. “I was taking pictures at the beach. Who cares about your ____15____ shell?”
Sam didn’t say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer. He checked on his ____16____
twice before everyone went to the beach for the last time.
That afternoon, Sam and his family packed (收拾行李) to go home. Sam opened his drawer only to find his
shell gone again.
During dinner, Sam ____17____ his family. He thought someone was hiding his shell. Who? And why?
Suddenly, his missing shell walked into the room. “Look!” said Sam, pointing.
Everyone looked. The shell that was pink inside now had ____18____ that raced for the door. It turned out to
be a hermit crab. Everyone was amazed. Sam ran over and picked it up. “I’ll call you Sandy,” said Sam. “You can
live at my house.”
“He already has a home,” said Grandma.
Sam ____19____ how his shell had washed up from the ocean. That was Sandy’s real home. That was where
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he wanted to be.
“Grandma, will you come to the beach with me again? I have to ____20____ a gift.” Grandma smiled.
11. A. drove B. swam C. washed D. pointed
12. A. proudly B. shyly C. secretly D. politely
13. A. found B. left C. lost D. threw
14. A. special B. big C. clean D. strong
15. A. perfect B. valuable C. dangerous D. boring
16. A. shelf B. treasure C. surprise D. picture
17. A. expected B. noticed C. believed D. studied
18. A. legs B. hands C. ears D. eyes
19. A. regretted B. imagined C. remembered D. discovered
20. A. send B. receive C. offer D. return
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了萨姆在海边捡到一个漂亮的贝壳，等到萨姆带它回家后才发现它是一只寄居蟹，
萨姆最终决定将它放归大海。
【11题详解】
句意：当萨姆和他的奶奶站在沙滩上看日出时，一个完美的贝壳被冲到了岸上。
drove开车；swam游泳；washed冲刷；pointed指向。根据下文“Sam quickly picked it up”可知，此处指贝
壳被冲上岸。故选C。
【12题详解】
句意：萨姆自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。
proudly自豪地；shyly害羞地；secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地。结合选项和空后的“his treasure”可知，萨
姆很喜欢这个贝壳，把它当做宝贝，所以此处应指他自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。故选A。
【13题详解】
句意：第二天，萨姆把贝壳放在他们小屋的架子上，然后和家人去了海边的木板路。
found发现；left留下；lost丢失；threw扔。根据空后的“the shell on the shelf”可知，此处表示萨姆把贝壳
留在了架子上。故选B。
【14题详解】
句意：在木板路上，萨姆看到了出售的贝壳，但是没有一个像他的贝壳一样特别。
special特别的；big大的；clean干净的；strong强壮的。根据下文“Back at the cottage, he ran to his room to
admire (欣赏) the shell.”可知，此处表示萨姆认为出售的贝壳都没有他捡到的那个贝壳那么特别，所以他回
到木屋就跑去欣赏他的贝壳。故选A。
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【15题详解】
句意：谁在乎你无聊的贝壳？
perfect完美的；valuable宝贵的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据上文“shouted Vikram”可知，维
克拉姆很生气，所以他用于形容贝壳的词应该带有贬义，选项中只有boring符合语境。故选D。
【16题详解】
句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝贝两次。
shelf架子；treasure宝贝；surprise惊讶；picture图片。根据上文“Sam...showed his treasure to his family.”和
“Sam didn’t say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer.”可知，此处表示萨姆检查了他的
贝壳两次，是把贝壳当做他的宝贝。故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：晚餐时，萨姆研究了他的家人。
expected期待；noticed注意到；believed相信；studied研究。根据下文“He thought someone was hiding his
shell. Who? And why?”可知，萨姆认为是家里的某个人藏起了他的贝壳，他在思考是哪个家人以及他这么
做的原因，所以此处表示他在研究他的家人。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：里面粉红色的贝壳现在有了向门跑去的腿。
legs腿；hands手；ears耳朵；eyes眼睛。根据空后的“that raced for the door”可知，此处指腿。故选A。
【19题详解】
句意：萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。
regretted后悔；imagined想象；remembered记得；discovered发现。结合选项和“Sam...how his shell had
washed up from the ocean.”可知，此处表示萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。故选C。
【20题详解】
句意：我得归还一份礼物。
send寄；receive收到；offer提供；return归还。根据上文“It is a gift from the sea”和“Grandma, will you
come to the beach with me again?”可推知，萨姆打算把他捡到的寄居蟹放回大海，而他的奶奶曾说过这是来
自大海的礼物，所以此处表示归还一份礼物。故选D。
阅读理解
五、阅读选择（共22分，每题2分）
A
阅读下面每本书的内容介绍，根据人物的喜好为他们推荐图书，并将每本书所对应的A、B、C、D选项填
在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
___21___ I want A. SHOOT YOUR SHOT
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This book teaches you about the most important rules that
the best basketball players use in their lives. It explains how
to learn about the
the rules can help you get through life and make your dreams
great people in
come true.
human history who
have explored (探 B. SPACE
索) the universe. Only 628 people in the history of humans have been to space.
In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories.
Tony
They are all brave and amazing people who have made it
___22___ I enjoy possible for us to go to space.
stories about
C. LISTEN
friendship and
personal growth. Evelyn fell in love with music the first time she heard it. She
started playing the piano at the age of eight. Later, she began
Betty
to lose her hearing, but Evelyn didn’t give up. She discovered
___23___ I am a new way to hear and made beautiful music.
.
interested in music
D ROLLER GIRL
and love reading
stories about Astrid and Nicole are best friends. But things change when
musicians. Astrid chooses roller derby camp, and Nicole picks dance
camp. This situation tests their friendship. Luckily, by
Lily
summer’s end, they learn that true friends cheer each other
on while trying new activities.
【答案】21. B 22. D
23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于打篮球、太空、倾听和朋友关系这四本书，根据人物喜好来匹配书籍。
【21题详解】
根据“I want to learn about…who have explored (探索) the universe.”可知，Tony想要读的书是关于探索宇宙
的，因此“B. SPACE”中的“In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories.”与之相匹配。故选
B。
【22题详解】
根据“I enjoy stories about friendship and personal growth.”可知，Betty想要读的书是关于朋友之间的故事，
因此“D. ROLLER GIRL”中的“they learn that true friends cheer each other on while trying new activities.”与之
相匹配。故选D。
【23题详解】
根据“I am interested in music and love reading stories about musicians.”可知，Lily想要的书是关于音乐的，
因此“C. LISTEN”中的“She discovered a new way to hear and made beautiful music.”与之相匹配。故选C。
B
There is a busy street corner beside a bus station where kids change buses going to and from school. It’s not a
pretty place. There’s noisy traffic and the nearby buildings are gray and unloved. However, it has a patch (小块地)
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of beauty—a small garden called Pete’s Patch.
Pete is one of the kids who wait here to change buses for nine minutes each day. In the past, it wasn’t a fun or
pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾). Pete
had no choice because this was the only way.
He felt like he was wasting his life away. There was nothing to look at, nothing to keep him busy, and hanging
around like that each day drove him mad. He knew he couldn’t do anything to change the bus company’s timetable,
but he could make the nine minutes more enjoyable for himself and others.
He asked his mom for some trash bags. That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash.
On the weekend, he asked his dad to drive down and take the trash bags to the dump (垃圾场). On Monday
morning, the patch looked so much cleaner and nicer.
Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the patch was looking
good, but some dirty words on the walls of the bus station were really making him angry.
Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁画) to cover the dirty words. When he started to work, more of his
school friends joined him each day.
Now Pete and his friends are proud of that patch, and they sure aren’t going to let anyone mess it up. They
have even planted some fresh flowers. While waiting for their next bus, they walk through the patch and collect
trash.
One Monday, however, as he rode the bus to school, Pete looked, as usual, toward the patch. To his surprise,
there was a sign on it. His friends had painted it. It read: Pete’s Patch.
24. Why wasn’t the area around the bus station a pleasant place?
A. Because there were too many people. B. Because the flowers weren’t pretty.
C. Because the walls weren’t colorful. D. Because there was a lot of trash.
25. What did Pete do to make the patch look nicer?
A. He pulled weeds with his friend. B. He planted flowers with his mom.
C. He changed the bus company’s timetable. D. He took a picture of the bus station’s walls.
26. Which words can best describe Pete?
A. Hardworking and shy. B. Humorous and smart.
C. Helpful and creative. D. Polite and brave.
27. What does the story tell us?
A. Time flies but memories last forever. B. Good friends stick together like glue.
C. Parents should always help their kids. D. A little action makes the world better.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D
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【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了皮特利用等公交车的九分钟，和朋友一起在等车的地方捡垃圾、拔草和画壁画，把那
个脏的地方变成一个漂亮干净的地方。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In the past, it wasn’t a fun or pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch
next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾).”可知，公交车站周围不是一个令人愉快的地方，因为有很多
垃圾，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the
patch was looking good,”可知，Peter和朋友一起拔草，使那小块地方看起来更漂亮，故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash.”可知，皮特在那小
块地方捡垃圾，让那里看起来很干净，因此他是愿意帮忙的。根据“Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁
画) to cover the dirty words.”可知，皮特有了一个主意，他画了一幅壁画来掩盖那些脏话，因此他富有创造
性。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。本文讲述了皮特通过自己的行动让一个脏的地方看起来很漂亮，因此D项“一点点行动让世
界更美好”符合，故选D。
C
Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) has changed science fiction
(小说). Now, books and movies present these planets more exactly, making science fiction more important than
before.
Imagine learning about stars in a classroom. You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you
could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which
will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class?
Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired (激励) scientists to go for their dreams. For
,
this reason it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public, even complex ideas. To be sure that this is
a useful way, it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science.
Emma Johanna Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of
Sciences did some research, studying a lot of science fiction works, including novels, movies, TV shows, podcasts,
and video games to see how science fiction reflects (反映) real scientific discoveries about exoplanets. “Most
stories that are set in space will finally have a scene (场景) on an exoplanet,” explains Puranen. “The reason for
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using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet
around a sun-like star was discovered.”
“Traditionally in science fiction, mostly there have been Earth-like planets,” explains Puranen. “But what has
changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-
like.”
According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the “Goldilocks
zone”, where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it. “I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are
reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it’s raining diamonds, which you see in
the media,” says Puranen.
Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for
science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.
This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity. While exploring the
universe, science fiction can develop curiosity (好奇心) and make further research possible, making the subject of
exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other.
28. The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to ________.
A. explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way
B. present the result of the latest research about exoplanets
C. show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone
D. introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director
.
29 How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet?
A. It gives more attention to Earth.
B. It describes the Earth differently.
C. Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets.
D. Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth-like.
30. The words “Goldilocks zone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ________.
A. a space found on an exoplanet B. an important part of our solar system
C. an area which is good for scientific activities D. a place that provides living environment for life
31. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. science fiction has played an active part in communicating science
B. scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination
C. science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries
D. new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
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【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发
现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the
movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily
awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class?”可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电
影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展
示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional
exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like.”可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像
地球了。故选D。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段“According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often
not in the ‘Goldilocks zone’, where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it.”可知，Goldilocks zone是指一
种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilocks zone可能意为“为生命提供生
存环境的地方”。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This
makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting
and understandable way.”可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学
的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科
学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。
六、阅读表达。（共10分，44-46每题2分，47题4分）
阅读表达。
Did you know tomato ketchup, the most popular sauce (酱), was invented in China? It dates back thousands of
years. People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and
fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp. At first, this early ketchup was known only in southern China. After around 200
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B.C. (Han Dynasty), the fish sauce became popular in the whole country, especially in a place called Fujian. There,
the sauce got the name ketchup, which means fish sauce in Hokkien, the language of southern Fujian. Later, people
from Fujian began to travel to places like Indonesia, where they built factories for making traditional Chinese
sauces like ketchup—and that’s where the British first discovered it.
In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup. Their
food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better. Before long, they brought lots of ketchup home. But it
was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe
(配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices.
It was in the mid-1800s that the British started using tomatoes in ketchup. This was different from the fishy
ketchup. Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company, Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it
could be stored for a long time.
In the late 1800s, ketchup production and popularity began to rise in America. So, the makers in America
increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans’ taste. It was a bit sweeter and thicker than
British ketchup. By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald’s fries today.
However, there are also some differences between the ketchup of 1910 and today. In today’s ketchup, corn
syrup (玉米糖浆) is used, not sugar. What’s more, to meet people’s needs for a healthy lifestyle, some companies
also make healthier ones without sugar.
From a fishy sauce in ancient Asia to a “goes-great-with-everything” sauce, ketchup has a long history full of
changes.
32. Who made the first ketchup?
________________________________
33. Why did British sailors like ketchup?
________________________________
34. When did ketchup begin to look like the one we eat today?
________________________________
35. From a fishy sauce to today’s ketchup, what are the reasons for changing the ketchup recipe? (At least 3
reasons)
________________________________
.
【答案】32 People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
33. Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better.
34. By around 1910.
35. The ketchup recipe was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time,
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and satisfy different people’s tastes.
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了番茄酱的由来及发展。
【32题详解】
根据“People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and
fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp.”可知，生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾
来制作第一种番茄酱。故填People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
【33题详解】
根据“In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup.
Their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better.”可知，他们船上的食物单调无味，番茄酱让食
物味道更好。故填Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better.
【34题详解】
根据“By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald’s fries today.”可知，直到
1910年前后，番茄桨才开始看起来像我们今天吃到的样子。故填By around 1910.
【35题详解】
根据“But it was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a
ketchup recipe (配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices.”、“Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company,
Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.”和“So, the makers in
America increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans’ taste.”可知，番茄酱的配方被改变
了，使其对当地人来说更便宜，帮助人们储存更长的时间，并满足不同人的口味。故填The ketchup recipe
was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time, and satisfy different
people’s tastes.
书面表达
七、根据中文意思和英文提示词语写出句子。（共8分，每题2分）
36. 旅行之前做好准备很重要。（get ready）（汉译英）
_________________________________________
【答案】It’s important to get ready for the trip before traveling.
【解析】
【详解】为……做准备：get ready for；旅行之前：before traveling，根据句意可知，时态为一般现在时，It
is adj to do sth 表示“做某事是……的”，It 固定句型，to get ready for the trip 是主语，is 是系动词，
important是表语，故填It’s important to get ready for the trip before traveling.
37. 老师总是鼓励我们参加课后活动。(after-class activities)（汉译英）
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_________________________________________
【答案】Our teacher always encourages us to take part in after-class activities.
【解析】
【详解】本句陈述一般事实，需用一般现在时。(我们)老师：our teacher；总是：always； 鼓励某人做某事：
encourage sb to do sth，主语是单数，谓语动词用三单形式；我们：us，动词后用代词宾格；参加课后活动：
to take part in after-class activities，动词不定式作宾补。故填Our teacher always encourages us to take part in
after-class activities.
38. 到目前为止，《猫和老鼠》（Tom & Jerry）已经流行八十多年了。（so far）（汉译英）
_________________________________________
【答案】So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.
【解析】
【详解】到目前为止so far，流行be popular，八十多年for over 80 years。根据语境可知，句中有时间段状
语“for over 80 years”，故句子应用现在完成时，即“have been”结构，且主语为“Tom & Jerry”，故
have应用第三人称单数形式has，故填So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.
39. 好朋友不仅能分享你的快乐，还能帮你解决问题。（not only...but also...）（汉译英）
_________________________________________
【答案】Good friends not only share your happiness, but also help you solve problems.
【解析】
【详解】好朋友：good friends（此处泛指好朋友，所以应用friend的复数形式）；不仅……还能……：not
only...but also...；分享你的快乐：share your happiness；帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth.；你：you；解决
问题：solve problems（此处泛指问题，所以应用problem的复数形式）。结合语境可知，此处叙述的是客
观事实，应用一般现在时，主语good friends表示复数，所以谓语动词应用原形，not only...but also...用于连
接并列成分，所以share和help都是本句的谓语动词，应用原形。故填 Good friends not only share your
happiness, but also help you solve problems.
八、文段表达（10分）
40. 请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。
在我们的人生旅程中，“做更好的自己”是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊
到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。
假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以“Be a better me”为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享
一次经历。
内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。
提示词语：confident，experience，nervous，grow，improve。
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提示问题：
1. What made you “a better you”?
2. What happened?
3. What have you learned from it?
Be a better me
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Be a better me
There was an experience that helped me grow up. When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in
the school speech competition. I was so nervous and unsure of my abilities that I wanted to give up. However, with
the encouragement of my class teacher, I decided to take on the challenge and worked hard to prepare for it. During
the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly. Finally, I
gave it my best. Although I didn’t win first prize, I became more confident and improved my writing skills.
This experience taught me something about courage, and the spirit of not giving up helped me grow and
become a better me.
【解析】
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般过去时”；
③提示：根据提示问题，介绍自己的一次经历(如何成为了最好的自己)，并讲述自己从中得到的收获，可
适当发挥，注意行文连贯，表述清晰。
[写作步骤]
第一步，整体说明什么使自己成为了更好的自己；
第二步，具体介绍自己的一次经历；
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第三步，讲述自己从中得到的收获。
[亮点词汇]
①choose sb to do sth选择某人做某事
②take part in参加
③take on the challenge接受挑战
[高分句型]
①When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in the school speech competition.（时间状语从句）
②During the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly.
（比较级）
九、选做题（共10分，53题2分，54题3分，55题5分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
How to Work on Your Self-esteem (自尊心)
At about six years old, my mum was brushing my hair one morning before school when I asked her a question.
“Am I ugly?” I asked, looking at her and my reflection in the mirror before me. She said no, and asked me where
this question was coming from. I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground.
That was the first time I remember feeling bad about myself. But that was just the beginning of a very long
and troubled relationship with myself. That boy on the playground was for from the last person to call me ugly. He
was certainly not the last person to make me question my sense of self. I know I’m not alone in feeling this way,
and you might have a similar story about the first time you ever wondered aloud or quietly whether or not you were
“ugly”, whether you were “not smart”, or whether you were a “bad person”. So here are some tips (建议) to anyone
who has ever wondered what to do about long-lasting low self-esteem.
Challenge your negative thoughts
Negative (负面的) thoughts can make you believe that many of the terrible things you’ve thought about
yourself are true. Every time you think or say something negative about yourself challenge it by telling yourself of
something you did well or succeeded in.
You shouldn’t believe everything you think. If you often find yourself expecting the worst, you might form a
way of thinking that isn’t quite right. Researchers suggest paying attention to your way of thinking, and thinking it
over again if you notice you’re often too hard on yourself.
Keep an achievements journal
Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal. This could be anything
from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel proud of.
You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you’re experiencing, finally steering (引
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导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well. It may feel strange
at first, but you’ll feel more comfortable when you practise it more.
Avoid comparing yourself to others
It’s really hard to avoid comparing yourself to others—especially if you spend much time on social media. If
you’ re worried about social media’s influence on your self-esteem, unfollow what makes you feel bad about
yourself.
You should tell yourself that life isn’t a competition. Every person is valuable and has his own successes and
failings. The only person you need to compare yourself to is you.
41. Why did the writer feel bad about herself for the first time?
________________________________
42. What does the writer suggest writing in a journal to deal with low self-esteem?
________________________________
43. （1）Which tip do you think is the easiest one to follow?
________________________________
（2）Is the tip useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem? Why or why not?
________________________________
【答案】41. Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground.
42. The things I did well or achieved that day, different feelings I’m experiencing, and a few things I like about
myself.
43. ①. “Keep an achievements journal” is the easiest one to follow. ②. Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them
record feelings and thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more
confident, so I think it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem.
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了如何培养自尊的建议。
【41题详解】
根据“I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground.”和“That was the first time I remember
feeling bad about myself.”可知，因为作者班上的一个男孩在操场上说她丑，她第一次自我感觉不好。故填
Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground.
【42题详解】
根据“Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal.”和“You can also use
the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you’re experiencing,”和“You can write down a few things
you like about yourself as well.”可知，作者应对低自尊，建议在日记中写下：那天我做得很好或完成的事
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情，我正在经历的不同的感觉，以及我喜欢自己的一些事情。故填The things I did well or achieved that day,
different feelings I’m experiencing, and a few things I like about myself.
【43题详解】
根据“This could be anything from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel
proud of”可知，记日记是最容易遵循的建议，因为可以写任何事情，从完成工作任务到自己做午餐——
任何你感到自豪的事情。根据“You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you’re
experiencing, finally steering (引导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about
yourself as well. It may feel strange at first, but you’ll feel more comfortable when you practise it more.”可知，
这个建议对长期自卑的人有用，首先，它可以帮助他们记录自己的感受和想法。通过这种方式，他们可以
更好地了解自己。其次，他们也可以变得更舒服、自信，所以我认为这对长期自卑的人很有用。故填
“Keep an achievements journal” is the easiest one to follow；Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them record feelings and
thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more confident, so I think
it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem.
微信：cs5311742016 主营各地名校期中期末真题卷及小初高全套教材教案讲义知识点总结
