新人教版高中英语选修一课文原文及翻译(word 精校版)
Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 卓有成就的人物
Reading and Thinking
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖
6 October 2015 2015 年10 月6 日
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu
Youyou
(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new
treatment for
malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to
improved
health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get
malaria each
year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of
the treatment for
malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)。她的研究使青蒿素这种至
关重要
的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成干上万人的生命,改善了很多人的健康状
况。
全世界每年有2 亿多人感染疟疾,其中约60 万人死于该种疾病。青蒿素成了抗疟疾药
物的关
键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10 万人的性命。
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on
30 December
1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she
graduated,
she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
In 1967, the
Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of
discovering a new
treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
In the
beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to
study malaria
patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided
to review
ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the
disease. Her
team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants
for their medical
properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct
ancient Chinese
medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930 年12 月30 日出生于中国宁波,1955
年毕
业于北京大学医学部(原北京医学院)。毕业后,她就职于北京的中国中医研究院。1967
年,中
国政府成立了一支科学家团队,旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法, 屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。
起初,
屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。1960 年,她在北京成了该项目的负责
人,并决
定从中医药古方中寻找应对疟疾的传统植物疗法。她的团队研读了2000 篇(个)中医药
古籍
(古方),评估了28 万种植物的药学属性。通过研究,他们发现并测试了380 种不同的有
望战胜
疟疾的古代中医疗法。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from
sweet
wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood
leaves but
found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid
obtained from
this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck.
However, Tu
Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again,
and by chance,
she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
She concluded
that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
Using a lower
temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After
failing more
than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team
members even
insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
Later, the
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medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This
medicine，which was
called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
一本四世纪的医学文献建议采用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一组干
青蒿
叶，但是发现无效。之后,他们尝试水煎新鲜青叶,用熬出的液体治疗疟疾,但是依旧无
效。他
们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。她再次分析医学文献,碰巧发现其中有
一句
话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学
属性,
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。经历了190 多次的失败之
后,团
队终于在1971 年获得了成功。屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安
全性。
随后,该药物试用于疟疾患者,其中大多数人康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成
为治
疗疟疾的标准疗法。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon
hearing that
she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just
mine. There is a
team behind me，and all the people of my country. This success proves the
great value of
traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific
research and
Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是团队共同努力的结果。当获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她
说：“这
份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。这项成功印证了传统中医
的巨大
价值。中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。”
Using Language
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
改变我们对宇宙认知的人
Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is
often considered
one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to
the world, the
most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous
formula E=mc2.
Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by
many people.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位或许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家——被公认是有史
以
来智商最高的人之一。他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名
的方
程式E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才,而且是一位广受爱戴的勇敢、善良的人。
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16，
he tried to
enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general
part of the
entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.
After studying for
another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and
graduating in
1900.
1879 年3 月14 日,这位性情温和的天才出生于德国。16 岁时,他报考瑞士的大学。尽
管入
学考试中的数学和物理成绩十分优异,但是因为通识部分的成绩低而未被录取。再学习
了一
年后,他终于通过了考试,于1896 年进人大学,1900 年毕业。
After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk
in the Swiss
patent office. While working there, out of of a strong passion for knowledge,
he continued to
study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later
recorded as a
miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers.
Following this, he
gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.
After four years,
he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at
a university. In
2
1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of
the
photoelectric effect.
寻找教师的工作岗位两年无果后,他在瑞士专利局觅得一份职员的工作。工作期间,出于
强烈
的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905 年获得物理学博土学位。同年——这一年后来被称为
科学上
的奇迹年——他发表了四篇非同寻常的物理学论文。此后,他渐渐闻名于世,被誉为第
二个艾
萨克・牛顿。四年后,他辞去了专利局的工作,进入一所大学做全职研究。1922 年,他因
解释光
电效应而荣获1921 年度的诺贝尔物理学奖。
Circumstances changed in 1933, When Hitler came to power in Germany.
Einstein, who was
Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a
consequence, he had to
flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a
researcher at
the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he
continued to make
great achievements in physics and mathematics.
1933 年，希特勒在德国上台,形势发生了变化。身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构
纷纷对
他关上大门。因此,他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲度过一段时后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高
等研
究院谋得研究员一职。此后,他继续在物理学和数学领域获得重大成就。
To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.
He had a thick
moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he
had just
received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot
things, like his
friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and
neighbours.
There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his
door and asked
for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the
street who
would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such
occasions, he finally
started saying, "Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor
Einstein!"
在大众眼中,爱因斯坦是一个外表有点古怪但生性善良、风趣幽默的人。他胡须浓密,头
发又
长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。虽然他是个天才,但他有时也会忘记一些事情,
如朋
友的生日。尽管怪癖不少,他仍然深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至有一件轶事,说的是他如
何为
一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。事实上,爱因斯经常遇到有人当街拦住他,请他解
释各
种事物。这样的情形多次发生之后,他最后只好开始说:“请原谅!抱歉!我老是被误认为
是爱因
斯坦教授!”
On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the
whole
world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955 年4 月18 日,噩耗传来,爱因斯坦与世长辞,全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。
Unit 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE 展望未来
Reading and Thinking
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER 智能的家让生活更便利
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever
forgotten to
switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the
time, waste
resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-
distant future, we
will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away
and remember
to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure,
save us energy,
and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
3
你忘记过锁家门吗?或是你忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗?诸如此类的事情经常发生在我们
身上,
浪费资源,有时还会引发问题。然而在不久的将来,我们将生活在智能的家里。智能的家
会在
我们外出时锁好家门,会在我们忘记关掉电视的时候替我们关上。这样的智能家居将保
障我
们的安全,节省我们的能源,为我们提供一个更为舒适的居住环境。
Intelligent Controls 智能控制
Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and
remote controls
for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced
technology every
day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future
home will use
integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go
into an
energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about
turning switches
on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and
preferences, so
everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights
will come on
the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV
programmes, and you
will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will respond to
voice commands,
so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and
the home
system will obey.
今天,我们必须使用开关来控我们的电灯,使用旋钮来控制我们的家用电器,使用遥控器
来控
制我们的电视机和空调。未来,我们每天都能使用先进的技术来自动控制家里几乎所有
的东
西。未来的住宅将使用集成传感器来感应你每天早晨何时出门,然后自动进入节能模式。
你
再也不用想着自己打开或关闭各种开关。你的住宅还能了解你的日程安排和喜好,所以
每天
晚上你回到家时,一切都已经准备就绪。在你步人家门的一刹那,灯光亮起,你最喜爱的
音乐或
电视节目随即开启,而且你会发现晚餐也已备好。所有的控制器都将响应语音指令,因此
如果
你要改变日程安排,你只需大声说出你的想法,家居系统就会照办。
Regular Health Checks 定期健康检查
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day.
Your bed, for
example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking
your body weight.
If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your
phone. It will also
give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets
will be
keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if
there is
something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and
potentially save your
life.
此外, 你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床铺会记录你每晚的睡眠
状况。
还能检测你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题,它会将警告发到你的手机上。此外,
就如
何实现更加健康的饮食和更好的睡眠,它还会给予你建议。智能马桶也会持续跟踪你的
健康
状况。如发现异常情况,或是你得了癌症等重大疾病,智能马桶会提前警告你，并有可能
挽救
你的生命。
No More Disasters 不再有事故
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For
example, if a water
pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart
home will detect it
and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix
the problem
before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
4
智能家居将能够防止事故造成严重损害。例如,如果水管漏水或者发生电线短路,你的
智能家
居会检测出来,并给你提供相关的信息。这样一来,你就够在家里水流满地或着火前及时
解决
问题。
This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are
already available
and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is
already the home of
today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to
use this new
technology.
这种智能技术不是幻想。这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得,并且正在一些住宅中
使用。
从这个意义上说,明日之家已经是今日之家。然而,还需要过些年大多数新住宅才会开始
使用
这种新技术。
Using Language
SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY? 我们应该抗拒新技术吗?
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car
Crashes in Driverless
Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the
idea of
developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were
unnecessary
and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology
just because it
is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised
for the
accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough.
Nevertheless, the company
still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day
soon.
今天早晨,我看到了这条令人震惊的新闻标题:“乘客死于无人驾驶模式下汽车的撞车事
故”。
在这篇报道中,多位人士表示公众应该反对发展无人驾驶汽车这一想法。他们说,有些技
术进
步是不必要的,甚至可能造成危验。所以,我们应停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它,该
报称汽
车公司已经为此次事故道歉，但是死者家属表示这还不够。然而，该公司仍然声称,不
久的
将来,大多数人都会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world
who live
happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are
the Amish, a
group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars,
watch TV, or use
the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and
they will probably
be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with
an emphasis on
hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about
luxuries or
following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the
Amish’s quality of
life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather
than living in
large, polluted cities.
一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人,在没有新技术的情况下依然过着幸福的生活。也
许最
广为人知的要数阿曼门诺派——生活在美国乡村的一个基督教群体,他们既不拥有汽车,
也不
开车;不看电视,也不使用互联网。自十八世纪以来,他们基本上过着农夫的生活,而且在
遥远的
将来,他们的生活方式可能依然如此。他们提倡简朴的生活,强调实干、家庭和社区。他
们认
为,这样的生活要好过关注奢侈品或追随富人和名人的生活。甚至有人认为, 阿曼门诺
派的生
活质量更高,因为他们生活在自然的环境中,怡然自得,而不是生活在污染严重的大城市
里。
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with
many benefits
over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer
programmes give people
lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives.
Moreover, the
Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily
even if they are on
5
opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life
much easier, as it
allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
另一方面,多年来,新技术给世界各地的人们带来了种种好处。例如,最新的追踪天气的
计算机
程序为人们提供潜在自然灾害的种种预警,挽救了许多生命。此外,互联网使朋友和家人
即使
天各一方也能轻松保持联系。互联网还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会,因为它让人
们能
够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found
my career as an
AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear
all the time,
has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new
technology
changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always
look on the
positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
就个人而言,技术进步让我受益匪浅。我通过一个社交网络找到了现在从事的人工智能
设计
师的职业。我一直随身佩戴的健康监护仪也帮助我达到了生活中的最佳状态。当然,当
新技
术改变我们的生活方式时,它可能会产生出一个让人担惊受怕的前景。然雨,我将始终着
眼于
变革的积极一面，接受变革，而不是抗拒变革。
UNIT 3 FASCINATING PARKS 引人入胜的公园
Reading and Thinking
SAREK NATIONAL PARK—EUROPE’S HIDDEN NATURAL TREASURE
萨勒克国家公园——欧洲隐秘的自然瑰宝
1 A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps 没有日落的夏天
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even
though the sun is
brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m
above the Arctic
Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is
7: 30 a.m. I
leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me,
branches of
the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I’m in the remote far north of
Sweden in Sarek
National Park, a place with no roads or towns.
风噼里啪啦地拍打着我的帐篷，我在这声响中醒来。尽管外面艳阳高照,我也分不清是
早上
还是夜晚。我身处北极圈之内,这里的夏天没有日落。我看了一下手表,现在是上午7 点
30
分。我迈出帐篷,走向山边,展现在我眼前的是拉帕河的支流在下边的山谷中逶迤而过。
我身
处瑞典北端偏远的萨勒克国家公园,一个既没有公路也没有城镇的地方。
2 A Land of Mountain and Ice 高山冰封之地
Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9, 000
years ago, this ice
melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to
arrive. Following
the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home.
Getting here is quite
difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In
1909, Sarek was
made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the
Sami are
allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can
live here, and all
new development is banned within park boundaries. At the far side of the
valley, an ancient
Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.
萨勒克的山脉过去被大片冰层覆盖。大约九千年前,冰层消融,留下了约一百座冰川。不
久驯
鹿开始出现。跟着驯鹿之后来的是萨米人,他们在这片土地上安家落户。这里交通极为
不便，
6
因此,除了萨米人,很少有人见过萨勒克。1909 年, 萨勒克被列为国家公园,以保持这片
土地的
自然状态。只有萨米人可以在园内继续其传统生活方式,其他人不能在此居住,而且公园
边界
内禁止一切开发活动。在山谷的另一边,可以看到一间古老的萨米人的小屋,旁边有几只
驯鹿
正在吃草。
3 Man at Peace with Nature 人与自然和谐相处
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
They used the
reindeer’s meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making
clothes and tents.
Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents
and accompany
them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern
life just like
their neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their
reindeer into the
valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I
am not a Sami,
but in Sarek I’ve adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my
breakfast is flat
bread warmed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour
berries that I found
growing near my tent.
几百年来,照料驯鹿是萨米人的一种生活方式。他们用驯鹿的肉制作食物,用其骨头制作
工具,
并用其皮毛制作衣服和帐篷。由于驯鹿不断迁移,萨米人会收起帐篷,跟随而去。如今,
大多数
萨米人在萨勒克附近的村庄里都有自己的房屋,过着与他们的邻居一样的生活。但是每
年春
天,少数萨米人仍会跟随驯鹿进入萨勒克的山谷,居住在帐篷或旧屋里,享受他们的传统。
我不
是萨米人,但是在萨勒克,我养成了萨米人的一些生活习惯。例如,今天早晨,我的早餐是
火堆上
烤热的大饼、驯鹿肉干以及在帐篷周围长的一些酸甜莓果。
4 A Land of Adventure 冒险之地
After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my
food and
supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like
yesterday, it
will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my
destination on the
other side of the valley. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful
and wild place
makes me feel blessed to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky,
breathing the fresh
air, and enjoying this great adventure. What could be better?
早餐之后,我收拾行囊再次出发。由于我必须带上所有的食物和用品,我的背包重约30
千克。
如果今天和昨天差不多,那将会充满汗水和艰辛,因为我要徒步跨越这片地形艰险的土地
到达
山谷另一端的目的地。然而,我没有怨言。置身这般美丽的荒原,我感到活着是如此幸福。
苍
穹之下,我独自一人,呼吸着新鲜的空气,享受着这场伟大的冒险。还有什么比这更好的
呢?
Using Language
THEME PARKS 主题公园
FUN AND MORE THAN FUN 好玩,不仅仅是好玩
Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme
parks, with
different parks for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies,
history, and so
on. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters,
others for
showing famous sights and sounds. Whichever and whatever you like, there is
an incredible
theme park that will appeal to you!
你想去哪家主题公园呢?主题公园种类繁多,应有尽有:美食、文化、科学、卡通、电影、
历史
7
等等。有些主题公园因拥有最大或最长的过山车而闻名,另一些则因展示著名的声色
景象而
广为人知。无论你喜欢哪一个,无论你喜欢什么,总有一个奇妙无比的主题公园会让你流
连忘
返！
The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, which can
be found in
several parts of the world. Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and
make your
childhood dreams come true. Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship,
or meeting an
adorable fairy tale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland. As you
wander around
the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a
parade or even
on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse
you, from
enormous swinging ships to scary free-fall drops. If you want to have fun and
more than fun,
come to Disneyland!
你最熟悉的主题公园很可能就是迪土尼乐园了,世界上好几个地方都有迪士尼乐园。迪
士尼
乐园会带你进入一个魔幻世界,让你儿时的梦想成真。无论是遨游太空、参观海盗船,还
是邂
逅可爱的童话或卡通人物,在迪士尼乐园都能实现。漫步于奇幻的迪士尼乐园里,你可能
会看
到白雪公主或米老鼠出现在游行队伍中甚至在大街上。当然,迪士尼还有很多十分刺激
的游
乐项目,如巨大的秋千船和恐怖的跳楼机。如果你想要的是好玩,而且不仅仅是好玩而已,
那就
来迪土尼乐园吧!
Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is
unique because it
shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Famous
country music
groups put on performances there all year round, indoors and outdoors.
People come from
all over America to see skilled workers make wood, glass, and iron objects in
the
old-fashioned way. Visiting the candy shop and trying some of the same kind
of candy that
American southerners made 150 years ago is a rare experience. Riding on the
only steam
engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat. And
for those who
like rides, Dollywood has a superb old wooden roller coaster, Thunderhead. It
is
world-famous for having the longest track in the smallest space. Come to
Dollywood to have
fun learning all about America’s historical southeastern culture!
多莱坞主题公园位于美国东南部风光秀丽的大烟雾山中,是一家独一无二的主题公同,展
示和
庆祝的是美国东南部的传统文化。著名的乡村音乐团体一年四季都在这里演出,有室内
的,也
有室外的。全美各地的游客前来观看能工巧匠以古老的方法制作木头、玻璃和铁器物
品。去
糖果店品尝150 年前美国南方人制作的那种糖果,也是难得的一次体验。乘坐美国东南
部唯
一一辆至今仍在运转的蒸汽火车,也別有一番趣味。对于那些喜欢游乐项目的人来说,
多莱坞
拥有超酷的木制老式过山车——雷暴云砧;这是世界上场地最小但轨道最长的过山车,
全球闻
名。来多莱坞游玩吧,了解美国东南部历史文化的一切！
Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in Zhuhai, China, is one of the leading ocean-
themed parks in
the world. Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium —the world’s
largest—and
see up to 20, 000 fish, in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length.
Watching the dolphin
and sea lion shows is both educational and fun. Of course, you can also see all
kinds of
interesting animals, including polar bears. The park has more rides than you
can imagine:
join a water fight against pirates, get turned upside down by an exciting roller
coaster, or get
wet in one of the water rides! Then at night, see the splendid Journey of Lights
Parade and
fireworks display. Hungry? The park has plenty of restaurants with tasty food
for every
appetite —you can even eat while watching the fish swim by. If it is ocean
entertainment that
you are looking for, come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom!
8
位于中国珠海的长隆海洋王国是世界领先的海洋主题公园之一。在这里,你可以漫步
于全球
最大的鲸鲨水族馆;除了一条长达68 米的鲸鲨,你还可以观赏两万条之多的各种鱼类。
观看海
豚和海狮表演,既可以长知识,又十分好玩。当然,你还可以看到各种各样有趣的动物,包
括北极
熊。公园内的游乐项目比你想象的还要多:参加水战,与海盗博斗;乘坐刺激的过山车,让
你的头
脚颠倒;或者在一个水上项目中玩个浑身湿透!夜晚时分,你可以观赏到绚烂的灯火游行
和烟
花表演。肚子饿了?游乐园内设有许多餐馆,有满足不同口味的美食——你甚至可以边
吃东西
边观看鱼儿游过。如果你想要的是海洋类娱乐,那就来长隆海洋王国吧!
Unit 4 BODY LANGUAGE 肢体语言
Reading and Thinking
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK 听听肢体是怎么说话的
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions
in our
interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are
thinking by
watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people
stand, hold their
arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
在与他人的交往中,我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。通过观察人们的
肢体
语言,我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语十分重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的
姿势
也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The
crucial thing is
using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For
example,
making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a
way to display
interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
For example,
in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted
to make eye
contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an
older person.
不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言,这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时,最重要的是要符
合你
所处的文化。例如,在一些国家,眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是表示兴趣的一种方式。
相反,
在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如,在许多中东国家,社交上不允许男性和
女性进
行眼神交流。在日本,与年长者交谈时,目光下垂表示敬重。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan,
someone who
witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
In France, a
person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
However, you
should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not
considered polite.
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有着不同的含义。在日本,一个人看到另外一个人使
用这手势,
可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国,看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而，
在巴西
和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势,因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In
many countries,
shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By
comparison, in Bulgaria and
southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also
differences in how
we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and
how we act
when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss
their friends on
the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing
from the waist,
or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家,摇头表示
否定,
9
点头表示肯定。相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区,这两个身势语的含义截
然相反。
在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面,也有很多差异。在
法国、
俄罗斯等国,朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、
弯腰
鞠躬或点头。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your
hands together
and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means
“sleep”. A good
way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach
after a meal.
有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧,同时闭上你的眼睛,意
为“睡
觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式,就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is
smiling. A smile
can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of
strangers. A smile
can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone,
to ask for help,
or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to
make yourself
feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is
nothing better than
seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们
摆脱困
境,在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、
寻
求帮助或主动攀谈。专家建议,我们应该对着镜子微笑,让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。当
我们
感到沮丧或孤单时,最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
Using Language
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS? 我是如何了解我的学生的?
As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the
minds of my
students. Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that much. At the
same time, in a
classroom of more than forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one
conversations
with each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick?
作为一名教育工作者。人们经常问我,我是怎么知道学生的脑子里在想什么的。许多学
生生
性腼腆,沉默寡言。同时,班上的学生有四十多人,想与每位学生一对一谈话不是那么容
易。那
么,我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样(或那样)的呢？
My answer? I look at their body language.
想知道我的答案吗?我观察他们的肢体语言。
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to
look up and
make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about
something difficult,
they look confused. I know when students are really interested, however,
because they lean
forward and look at me. People have a tendency to lean towards whatever
they are
interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it
implies he is bored
and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning
their heads
together, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, not
everyone who looks
up is paying attention in class. Some students look up，but there is an
absence of eye contact.
Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on
their faces. It is
as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
学生对一堂课感兴趣时,很容易就可以看出来。大部分学生会抬头看,并且有眼神交流。
我开
玩笑时,他们露出笑容。我讲到难点时,他们一脸茫然。然而,学生兴趣盎然时,我也看得
出来,
因为他们会身体前倾,注视着我。人们在对某个事物感兴趣时,往往会身体前倾。所以,
如果一
10
名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,数着时间,只盼早点下课。如果两个好朋友把
头靠在
一起，那么他们很可能是在互相写纸条。当然,不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。
有
些学生虽然抬着头,却没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动,脸上表情疏远呆滞,好像睁
着眼睛
在睡觉。
Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time
looking anywhere
but at me. Then again, some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming.
With their chins on
their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the
ceiling. They
are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is
reminding
distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.
有些学生在自娱自乐。整节课他们始终盯着别的东西,没看我一眼。此外,有些学生最喜
欢的
活动就是做白日梦。他们托着下巴,全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。一定是什么东西吸
引了
他们的注意力,但是谁也不知道到底是什么。重要的是提醒走神的学生专心听讲。
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted,
it is sometimes
much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students who are
angry, afraid, or
experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and
their legs
closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or
worried will
nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like
they are
embarrassed or ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are
afraid of
being called on by the teacher. However，if a student does not bother to
brush her hair and
her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues
at work. It could
be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.
Whatever it is, I know I
need to inquire and assess what is going on.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学
生何时
有因扰有时会难得多。愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前,双腿并拢或交叉，
像
是在保护自己的身体。伤心或优虑的学生几乎总是皱着眉头,也会双手捂住脸,一副尴尬
或羞
愧的样子。有些学生这副模样,只是因为他们害怕老师提问。但是,要是学生都懒得梳头,
并且
两眼因哭泣而发红,那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。极有可能她与同学或家人
发生
了很大的冲突。不管是什么,我知道我必须去探个究竟,搞明白发生了什么事情。
Ultimately, my duty is helping every student to learn. Their body language lets
me know
when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students
individually,
so they can all get the most out of school. Reacting to body language is an
important
component of being a teacher.
最后,我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、
何
时干预、何时与学生单独谈话,从而让他们在校收获最大。对肢体语言作出反应是教师
职责
的重要组成部分。
Unit 5 WORKING THE LAND 耕耘
Reading and Thinking
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE 造福全人类的开拓者
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most
famous scientists.
Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his
research.
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,
to whom he
has devoted his life.
11
被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而,他把自己看作
是一位农民,
因为在研究过程中他不断耕耘土地。确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯,与其为之奉献毕生的
千千万
万的中国农民无异。
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue
a career in
science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers
often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle
this crisis, he
chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest
Agricultural College in
Chongqing.
袁隆平1930 年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学职业,然而,他最关心的是
农民经
常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。为了应对这一危机,他选择学习农业,在位
于重庆
的西南农学院接受教育。
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised
that larger
fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the
fields they had.
How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was
convinced that
the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross
between two or
more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually
attain a higher
yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a
hybrid of
self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common
assumption
then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame
enormous
technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for
farming in 1974.
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
1953 年大学毕业后,他成为一名科研人员。袁隆平意识到,解决问题的办法并不是扩大
农田面
积,而是农民们需要提高他们已有士地上农作物的产量。如何实现这一目标成为当时一
个具
挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交指的是两个或者
两个以
上品种的交叉。杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。然
而，是
否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种,仍众说纷纭。当时普遍认为这是不可能
实现
的。历经千辛万苦,袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题,在1974 年开发出了可用于耕作的第
一代杂
交水稻。这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in
China is
comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains
have allowed
China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s
innovation has
helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as
well, such as
India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping
has received
numerous awards both in China and abroad.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,
这些品
种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅养活
了中国,
也养活了以稻米为主食的许多其他国家,如印度和越南。袁隆平凭其不可估量的贡献,在
国内
外获奖无数。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he
would retire to a
life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very
much a farmer
at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he
makes large
donations to support agricultural research.
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。但是,
事实
远非如此。实际上, 袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。身为土地之子,他不在乎名利,
反而
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捐赠巨资支持农业研究。
What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to
fulfill his dreams.
Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as
big as a
broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in
producing a kind of rice
that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for
“seawater rice” has
also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square
kilometres of
salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan
Longping is still
young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will
dream up next.
袁降平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很早以前,他就设想水稻长得与高
粱一
样高。每支稻穗如扫帚一样大,每粒稻米与花生一样饱满。他成功培育出能够养活更多
人的
水稻品种,甚至出口海外。他新近的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实,有望在中国开辟近
100 万
平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。虽年事已高,但袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态,而且满怀
憧憬,
大家都在期待他的下一个不同寻常的想法。
Using Language
CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING 化学耕作与有机耕作
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in
farming since the
middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers
welcomed them
as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time,
however, what some
scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the
land and
people’s health.
自二十世纪中叶以来,化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。引入之初,二者被许多农
民说
为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法,因而颇受欢迎。然而,随着时间的推移,一些科学
家发现,
长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful
bacteria and insects,
but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and
underground
water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in
turn, the
animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these
chemicals may make
them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been
prohibited in
most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the
environment. As for
chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in
nutrition. They
may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than
essential
minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.
例如,农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时,也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫,从而破坏土地。
此外,
这些化学品会长期残留于土壤和地下水源中。这会影响土里种植的作物,继而影响消化
这些
作物的人。很多人担心这些化学品会致病,甚至引发癌症。事实上,由于对人类和环境有
害,“滴
滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而
营养不
足。此类作物外表靓丽,而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,并且往往口感较差。
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many
customers have
turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming
is simply
farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their
soil rich and
free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use
natural waste
from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It
also keeps the
air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.
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作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机耕作,而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时,
也转
而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过
天然的
方法保持土壤肥沃,没有病害。例如,许多有机耕作的农民使用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料,
使农
田土壤富含矿物质,也避免化学品进人空气、土壤、水源和作物。
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often
change the
kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn
or wheat in a
field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are
grown is
because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready
for the next
batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different
depths of soil to
help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but
many other
vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming
methods is to
grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s
health.
有机耕作的农民也采用许多其他方法维持土壤肥沃。他们通常每年更换每块农田种植
的作物
种类。例如,他们可能一年在田里种植玉米或小麦,第二年改种豆类。种植不同作物的原
因,是
为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。有机
耕作的
农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物,以保持土壤肥沃。例如,花生长在土壤表层,
而许
多其他蔬菜则扎根于土壤深处。采用不同的有机耕作方法,目的在于生产优质食物,同时
避免
损害环境和人类健廉。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in
agriculture entirely.
What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the
high demand for
food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that
need. Therefore,
there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on
the dinner table
while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
有些人宁愿在农业中彻底停止使用人工化学品。他们不能如愿的原因是化学耕作满足
了全世
界对食物的高需求,而有机耕作还远远不能满足这一需求。因此,想要找到一个合适的解
决方
案,使人类和环境尽可能保持健康,又让人们有足够的食物可吃,这还有很长的路要走。
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