必修四词汇表（含教材例句）_初高中资料库_高中资料库（转存避免链接过期失效）_高中英语

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   人教版高中英语必修四词汇表(1-5单元)(含教材例句及词汇用法讲解)
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人教版高中英语必修四词汇表（1-5 单元）（含教材例句及词汇用法讲解） 
本词汇表主要特色： 
1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。 
2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。 
3. 精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。 
4. 展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。 
5. 适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。 
Book4  Unit 1   
1.achievement / ə'tʃ i:vmənt/ n. 
①[C] 成就；功绩 
She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.  
她激励着那些为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩的人。(p2) 
They were proud of their children's achievements.他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 
②[U] 完成;达到;实现  
 Only the achievement of these goals will bring lasting peace.   
只有达成这些目标才会带来持久的和平。 
【拓展】 
achieve /əˈtʃi:v/ vt.  取得; 获得; 实现; 成功 
He had finally achieved success.他终于获得了成功。 
We must work hard to achieve our goals.  我们必须努力实现我们的目标。 
【高考链接】 
Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ______ (achieve) （2016
全国卷II） 
答案： achievement 句意：然后，先解决最重要的问题，因此你会有真正的成就感。介词
后应填名词achievement。a sense of achievement 意为“成就感” 。 
 
2. welfare /'welfeə/ n.[U]  福利；福利事业 
She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Istitute for women and 
children. 她非常关心福利项目，尤其是中国的妇女儿童福利基金会。
（p1） 
social welfare  社会福利 
 
3.project  
◎n.[C] /ˈprɒdʒekt/工程；项目；规划; 专题研究 
The total cost of the project would be more than $240 million.   
该项目的总成本会超过2.4 亿美元。 
a research project 研究计划 
a building project建筑工程 
a history project 历史科的专题研究 
◎vt. /prəˈdʒekt/ 计划; 估计 
The next edition of the book is projected for publication in March. 
本书的下一版计划于三月发行。 
The unemployment rate has been projected to fall. 据预测失业率将下降。 
 
2 
 
4. institute / 'ɪ nstɪ tju:t / n.[C] 学会；学院；协会 
She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Istitute for women and 
children. 她非常关心福利项目，尤其是中国的妇女儿童福利基金会。
（p1） 
5. △China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 
 
6. specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n.[C]专家；专业工作者 
  Lin Qiaozhi was a doctor who became a specialist in women’s illnesses. 
  林巧芝是一位妇女疾病方面的专家。(p1) 
 
7. △ specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ vi.专攻；专门从事；专注于 
  He decided to specialize in engineering after graduation.  他决定毕业后专攻工程学. 
  【拓展】 
（1）special  /ˈspeʃl/ adj.  特殊的; 专门的 
What are your special interests?你有哪些特别的爱好？ 
A special room is reserved for our foreign guests.为外宾预留了一个专门的房间。 
（2）specially  /ˈspeʃəli/ adv.  特别地; 专门地; 特意地 
The ring was specially made for her. 这枚戒指专门为她订做的。 
We came specially to see you.我们特意来看你。 
 
8. △chimp /tʃ imp/ n.[C] (非洲)黑猩猩 (口语)= chimpanzee |ˌtʃɪ mpænˈzi:| 
9. connection /kə'nekʃə n/ n.[C,U]连接；关联；关系 
 Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings. 
 她的研究表明了黑猩猩和人类之间是有联系的。(p2) 
My flight was late and I missed the connection.  航班晚点，我没赶上转机。 
a direct/close/strong connection with sth 与某事有直接的 / 密切的 / 牢固的联系 
in connection with sb/sth 与…有关（或相关） 
A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of the teenager. 
一名男子因与该谋杀少年案有关而被捕。 
【拓展】 
（1）connect  /kəˈnekt/ vt.&vi  连接; 联结; (使…)有联系 
Where do the two railroads connect ?  两条铁路在何处连接? 
connect…  with… 把……和……连起来 
You must connect this wire with that one.  你必须把这条电线和那条接起来。 
Operator, connect me with the Foreign Languages Department, please.   
接线员，请给我接外语系。 
connect… to … 把……连接到…… 
First connect the printer to the computer. 首先把打印机与计算机接通。 
（2）connected  /kə'nektɪd/ adj.  连接的，有关系的 
The two subjects are closely connected .这两门学科紧密相连。 
 
10. human being n.[C] 人类  (pl) human beings 
In the story human beings were replaced by robots.  在这个故事中,人类被机器人代替了. 
 
 
3 
 
11. campaign / kæmˈpeɪn /  
◎n.[C] 运动；战役   Jody Williams helped found an international campaign to stop the making 
of landmines. 乔迪.威廉斯帮助建立了一项旨在阻止地雷制造的国际性运动。(P1) 
 Today police began a campaign to reduce road accidents. 
警方今天开展了一场减少道路交通事故的运动。 
 an anti-smoking/ advertising / election campaign 
反对吸烟的运动/广告宣传活动/竞选运动 
◎vi.作战；参加运动 
 We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years. 
我们最近15 年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。 
12. △ landmine n.[C] 地雷 
 A landmine is a kind of weapon used in war. 地雷是一种运用于战争的武器.  
 
13. organization /ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.[C] 组织；机构；团体 [U] 组织工作 
 She and her organization were given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997. 
 她和她的组织于1997 年被授予了诺贝尔和平奖。 
Several projects have been delayed by poor organization.  几个项目都因组织不力而被推迟。 
 【拓展】 
（1）organize / ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ vt. 组织；筹备 
  to organize a meeting/party/trip 组织筹备会议 / 聚会 / 旅行 
organizer  /'ɔ:gənaɪzə(r)/ n.  组织者; 发起人 
she is a good party organizer. 她是一个很好的聚会主办人。 
 
14. behave /bi'heiv/ vt.&vi.举动；表现 
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how 
much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩
猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。(p2) 
He behaved like a true gentleman.他的行为像个真正的绅士。 
behave yourself  表现得体；有礼貌 
Did you behave yourself at the party?  你在聚会上举止得体吗 ? 
well-/badly-behaved children 表现好 / 差的孩子 
15.behaviour /bi'heivjə/ n.[U] (=behavior)行为；举止；习性 
 Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.  
在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。(p2) 
 His behaviour towards her was becoming more and more aggressive. 
他对待她的态度越来越蛮横。 
 
16. shade /ʃ eid/ 
◎ n.[U] 荫；阴凉处  
   Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and 
move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。(p2) 
◎vi.遮住光线 
shade sb/sth (from/against sth) 给…遮挡（光线） 
She shaded her eyes against the sun. 她遮住眼睛避免阳光直射。 
4 
 
17. move off 离去；起程；出发 
  The boat began to move slowly off toward the northwest.  船儿慢慢地向西北方向驶去. 
 
18. worthwhile /'wə:θ'wail/ adj. 值得的；值得做的 
 However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 
不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的(p2) 
It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.干某事是值得的 
It is worthwhile visiting/ to visit the Great Wall. 长城值得去旅游. 
【拓展】 
（1）worth adj.价值……的；值……钱的  
sth be worth sth 值得……；值……钱 
sth be worth doing 值得做…..（只能用doing 表被动意义） 
The museum is worth a visit.=The museum is worth visiting. 
这个博物馆值得参观. 
（2）worthy adj. 应得……的；值得的 
sth be worthy of sth 值得… 
sth be worthy of being done = sth be worthy to be done 值得做….. 
The museum is worthy of a visit.=The museum is worthy of being visited. 
= The museum is worthy to be visited. 
这个博物馆值得参观. 
 
19. nest /nest/ n.[C]巢；窝 
Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.  
我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。(p2) 
 
20. bond / bɒnd/ 
◎ n.[C] 联系；关系；结合；纽带 
  We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 
我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。(p2) 
  the special bond between mother and child. 母子间的独特关系 
◎vt.  使结合 与…紧密联系 
bond … to ….  把…紧紧地连接到 
It cannot be used to bond wood to metal. 这不能把木料粘贴在金属上。 
 
21. observe / əbˈzɜ:v / vt. 
①观察；观测 
She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.  
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。(p2) 
Our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals.   
老师带我们去野游，对动植物进行观察。 
 observe stars all one's life一生致力于观察星象。 
②看到；注意到（=notice） 
observe sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（被动形式：Sb be observed doing sth） 
observe sb do sth 看见某人做了某事（被动形式：Sb be observed to do sth） 
5 
 
The police observed a man entering the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进银行。 
被动句：A man was observed entering the bank. 
The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 
被动句：A man was observed to enter the bank. 
③遵守（法律、规则等）（= obey） 
Everyone should observe the law/ rules.  任何人必须遵守法律/规则。 
④庆祝；庆贺（= celebrate） 
 Do they observe Christmas? 他们过圣诞节吗？ 
【拓展】 
observation / ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. [C,U] 观察；观测 
The results are based on scientific observations.根据科学观测得来的结果。 
In hospital she is under observation all the time.  医院对她24 小时观察。 
 
23. childhood / ˈtʃaɪldhʊd / n.[C,U] 童年；幼年时代 
 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.  
从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。(p2) 
She had a happy childhood. 她有一个幸福的童年。 
 
24. outspoken / aʊtˈspəʊkən / adj. 直言的；坦诚的 
For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand 
and respect the life of these animals.  40 年来，简.古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动
物的生活。(p2) 
an outspoken person 一个直率的人 
 
25. respect / rɪˈspekt /  
◎vt. 尊重；仰慕 
We all respect our teacher.我们都尊敬我们的老师。 
She promised to respect our wishes.她保证尊重我们的愿望。 
respect sb for sth 因某事尊重某人 
She had always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. 
她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。 
◎n. 
①[不可数名词, 单数] 尊敬；尊重；敬意 
have respect for sb / sth 对某人/某事尊敬 
I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 
He has no respect for her feelings.他根本不尊重她的感受。 
②[C]（事物的）方面；细节 
In this respect we are very fortunate.在这方面，我们是很幸运的。 
in respect of sth（= with respect to sth）关于；就…而言 
The two groups were similar with respect to income and status. 
这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。 
His work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.   
他的工作质量很好,但数量很少。 
【拓展】 
6 
 
（1）respectful  [rɪ ˈspektfl] adj.  有礼貌的; 恭敬的 
The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.  
我们家的孩子对长辈总是恭恭敬敬的。 
（2）respectable  [rɪ ˈspektəbl]  adj.  可敬的； 品行端正的；体面的 
Go and make yourself look respectable.去把自己弄得体面点儿。 
 
26. argue / ˈɑ:gju: / vi./vt. 辩论；争论；争辩 
She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or 
advertisements. 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。(p2) 
My brothers are always arguing.我的兄弟们总是争论不休。 
argue with sb. about/over sth 就某事与某人争论 
We're always arguing with each other about money. 我们总是为钱吵嘴。 
argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对某事 
argue for/against doing sth. 据理赞成/反对做某事 
They argued for the right to vote . 他们据理力争投票权。 
argue sb into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做 / 不做某事 
They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。 
 
27. argument /'ɑ:gju:mənt/ n. [C,U]争论；争辩；争吵 
 The issue has caused heated political argument.  这个问题已经引发了激烈的政治争论。 
have an argument with… 与……争吵 
 We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。 
【辨析】debate，argue 和discuss 
debate 
意为“辩论” ，侧重在公开
和正式场合双方各自陈述
观点和理由。 
We debated on the question till late into the night ．我们
就这个问题辩论到深夜。 
 
argue 
意为“争辩” ，侧重用说理
的方式企图说服对方。 
We argued her into joining us in the dinner．我们说服她
和我们一起参加了宴会。 
discuss 意为“讨论” ”，侧重为了
解决问题或弄清对方的观
点而交换意见、进行商讨。 
We should discuss how to handle the issue ．我们应当讨
论如何处理这个问题。 
 28. entertainment / ˌentəˈ teɪnmənt/ n. 
①[C,U] 娱乐；娱乐表演；娱乐活动 
There will be live entertainment at the party.联欢会上将有现场表演节目。 
Local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.本地的娱乐活动刊登在报上。 
②[U]招待；款待 
She was busy with the entertainment of the guests. 她正忙着招待客人。 
The hotel is famous for its entertainment.  这家旅馆以殷勤待客而著称. 
for entertainment 为了娱乐 
This type of robot is designed only for entertainment.  这类机器人是为娱乐而设计的. 
【拓展】 
entertain  / ˌentəˈteɪn/ vt. 使娱乐；热情款待 
The games are intended to entertain children.  这些游戏是为了让孩子们快乐。 
They warmly entertained the visitors.  他们热情招待来访客人。 
7 
 
29. lead/live a...life 过着...的生活 
 She is leading/living a busy life 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的。(p2) 
The school aims to guide and help students to lead/ live a happy life.   
学校会引领并帮助学生如何快乐地生活。 
 
30. crowd / kraʊd/  
◎vt.挤满；使拥挤 
Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets. 成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不通。    
crowd in 涌上心头；涌入脑海 
Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，
所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩。 
crowd into sth 大批涌入（狭小的空间） 
We all crowded into her office to sing ‘Happy Birthday ’.
 
我们全都涌进她的办公室，唱“祝你生日快乐” 。 
◎n. [C]人群；观众;  the crowd [单数] 群众；民众 
I want to get there early to avoid the crowds.我想及早赶到那里，免得拥挤。 
As she finished each song, the crowd clapped wildly. 她每唱完一首歌，人群就拼命鼓掌。 
a crowd of/ crowds of 一大群，很多 
A crowd of people were waiting in front of the gate. 一大群人在门前等着。 
 【拓展】 
crowded  /ˈkraʊdɪd/ adj. 拥挤的；挤满的 
crowded streets 拥挤的街道 
be crowded with  挤满…… 
In the spring the place is crowded with skiers.春季这地方满是滑雪的人。 
The room is crowded with books.房间里堆满了书籍。 
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible_____ 
 ( crowd) on 
the roads above as they travelled to and from work.（2017 全国卷II 语法填空） 
答案：crowds 考查名词复数。句意：它（世界上第一条地下客运铁路）运行里程不到7 千
米，使人们上下班往返时避开了路上拥挤的人群。crowd 意为“人群”时，是可数名词，故
用复数形式crowds。 
 
32. inspire / ɪnˈspaɪə(r) / vt.鼓舞；激发；启示 
She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. 
她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。(p2) 
The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.演员以热情鼓舞着孩子们。 
inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 
Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible. 
他对我的信任激励着我尝试我本以为不可能的事。 
She inspired me to love maths. 她激起了我对数学的热爱。 
【拓展】 
inspiring   /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj.  鼓舞人心的; 激励的; 启发灵感的; 
She was one of the most inspiring people I've ever met.   
她是我曾见过的最能鼓舞人心的人之一。 
 
8 
 
△ inspiration / ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn / n.灵感；鼓舞 
 Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.  
梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。 
He was an inspiration to all who knew him. 他对所有认识他的人是一种鼓舞。 
 
34. support /s ə'pɔ:t/  vt.&n. 
①支持；拥护 
Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her. 简的妈妈来帮助她
后，她才得以开始她的工作。（p3） 
Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。 
②资助；赞助 
Several major companies are supporting the project. 几家大公司正在对这一项目提供资助。 
Local businesses have provided financial support .当地企业提供了财政资助。 
③养活；赡养；扶养；维持 
Mark has two children to support from his first marriage.  
马克得扶养他第一次婚姻生的两个孩子。 
She has no visible means of support (= no work, income etc.) .她没有明确的生计来源。 
④支撑  
The platform is supported by concrete pillars.  混凝土支柱支撑的平台 
The supports under the bridge were starting to bend. 桥下的支柱开始弯曲。 
⑤证实 
The witness's story was not supported by the evidence. 目击者的描述与证据不符。 
The statistics offer further support for our theory. 
这些统计数字为我们的理论提供了进一步的依据。 
 
35. look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 
 Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。（p4） 
I look down upon those who always rely on others. 我瞧不起那些总是仰仗别人的人。 
【拓展】 
look up to 抬头看（某人或某物）； 尊重[敬仰]（某人） 
My father certainly has a great influence on me. I always look up to him.  
我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直都很崇敬他。 
 People who look up to sky wheel are looking up to their happiness. 
他们说，每一个仰望摩天轮的人都是在仰望幸福。 
 
36. refer / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring)  vi.谈到；参考；查阅 
refer to 
①谈到；涉及；指的是 
If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. 如果这个单词“ group”指不同
的成员，用复数动词。（p5） 
In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 他在讲演中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。 
That remark does not refer to her.  那句话不是指她说的. 
②查阅；参考 
You may refer to your notes if you want.如果需要，可以查阅笔记。 
9 
 
Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.   
当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典. 
 
37. audience /'ɔ:djəns/ n.[C] 观众；听众；读者 
 The audience seem/seems to have enjoyed the concert. 公众好像很喜欢这场音乐会。（p5） 
 The audience was/were clapping for 10 minutes. 观众鼓掌10 分钟。   
audience 作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果强调各个成员，谓语动词
用复数。 
The audience was large. 观众很多。 
The audience are dressed in a variety of ways. 观众的穿着各不相同。 
  
38. by chance  (= by accident) 碰巧；凑巧 
By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's 
diseases. 很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是妇科专家。
（p6） 
 
39. come across  (偶然)遇见；碰见 
 I came across a group of children playing.  我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 
 I know it's hard work, and I'll come across many difficulties . 
我知道这是艰苦的工作，和我会碰到许多困难。 
 
40. △ career /kə'riə/ n.事业；生涯 
 It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as 
writing books and articles. 林巧稚似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，她去国外留学，
并写了很多书和文章。(p6) 
 
41. rate /reit/  n.[C] 比率；速度 
 It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.  
这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。(p6) 
Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour. 
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5 公里。 
His pulse rate dropped suddenly.  他的脉搏速率突然下降。 
a high/low/rising rate of unemployment  高 / 低 / 不断增长的失业率 
at any rate 无论如何; 不管怎样; 反正 
I may be away on business next week but at any rate I'll be back by Friday. 
我下周可能要出差，但无论如何，我最晚星期五回来。 
There were maybe 60 or 70 people there. At any rate, the room was packed. 
那里也许有六七十人吧。反正屋子里挤得严严实实。 
 
42. sickness / ˈsɪknəs / n.[U]  疾病；恶心 
She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. 
她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。(p6) 
The sickness passed after I lay down for a while. 我躺下一会后就不恶心了。 
 
43. intend /in'tend/ vt. 计划；打算 
10 
 
be intended for… 专为……而设计的，专供……使用的 
I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.  
我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。(p6) 
The newly-built school  is intended for the disabled children. 新建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 
intend doing/ to do sth. 打算做某事  
I fully intended to pay for the damage.我确实诚心想赔偿损失。 
I don't intend staying long. 我不打算长期逗留。 
had intended to do sth.= intended to have done sth. 原本打算做某事  
We had intended to see the film last night. 昨晚我们本打算看那部电影来。 
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事  
He intends his son to manage the company. 他打算让他儿子经营该公司。 
 
44. emergency / iˈmɜ:dʒənsi / n. [C,U] 突发事件；紧急情况 
 Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.
也许是她们在遇到紧急情况
时找不到医生。（p6） 
The government had to take emergency action. 政府只得采取紧急措施。 
This door should only be used in an emergency .这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。 
emergency room/ exit 急诊室/紧急出口 
 
45. generation / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn / n.[C] 一代；一辈 
   That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. 
那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年代。 
These stories have been passed down from generation to generation. 这些故事世代相传。 
generation gap 代沟 
the younger/older generation  年轻的一代；老一辈 
a new generation of iPhone 新一代的苹果手机 
 
46. △determination / d ɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn / n. [U]决心；果断 
Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle 
nature that got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性
使她走进医学院的大门。(p6) 
He fought the illness with courage and determination. 他用勇气和决心同疾病作斗争。 
【拓展】 
determine  /d ɪˈtɜ:mɪn/ vt.& vi.  （使）下决心；（使）做出决定 
determined  /d ɪˈtɜ:mɪnd/ adj.  坚定的; 坚决的；决心的 
 
47. kindness / ˈkaɪndnəs / n.[U] 仁慈；好意 [C] 友好（或仁慈、体贴）的举动 
 What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her 
patients. 后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。(p6) 
I can never repay your many kindnesses to me. 我无法报答你对我无微不至的关怀。 
 
48. considerate / kənˈsɪdərət / adj.考虑周到的；体贴的 
She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.  
她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。 
11 
 
I thanked her for her considerate arrangement for me.  我感谢她为我作了周到的安排。 
49. consideration / [kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn / n.[U]  考虑；体谅 
 She always shows consideration for others. 她总是体谅别人。 
 under consideration 在考虑中 
The proposals are currently under consideration. 那些提案目前正在审议中。 
 take sth into consideration 考虑到；顾及 
Taking everything into consideration, the event was a great success.  
总的说来，这项活动取得了极大的成功 
 
50. deliver /di'livə/ vt. 
①接生；生(小孩)   
There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to 
deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. 
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而
这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。(p6) 
be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子 
She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。 
②递送 
Do you have your milk delivered?你的牛奶是让别人送吗？ 
Leaflets have been delivered to every household. 传单已发送到每家每户。 
③发表(演说等) 
She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering. 
根据安排她要作一个关于转基因的演讲。 
 
51. carry on 继续；坚持 
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?  
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？ 
carry on (with) sth  继续做；坚持干 
Carry on (with) your work while I'm away. 我不在时你要接着干。 
carry on doing sth（= continue doing sth）继续做；坚持干 
Tom intends to carry on teaching.  汤姆打算继续教书。 
He carried on peeling the potatoes. 他不停地削土豆皮。 
 
52. modest / ˈmɒdɪst / adj.  谦虚的；谦逊的；谦让的  
 She's very modest about her success. 她对自己的成功非常谦虚。 
 
Book4  Unit2 
1.statistic / stəˈtɪstɪk / n.（常用pl  statistics）数据；统计；统计数字；统计学 
Read the statics below. 读读下面的统计数据。 
Statistics is a branch of mathematics. 统计学是数学的一个分支。 
 
2. sunburnt / 's ʌnbɜ:nt / adj.晒黑的（= sunburned） 
Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of 
12 
 
Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.  
的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万
中国农民一样，过去50 年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。（p10） 
Her shoulders were badly sunburned.她的肩膀严重晒伤了。 
【高考链接】 
We got a little_____（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. （2014
广东卷） 
答案：sunburned/ sunburnt   句意：我们有点晒黑了，但是这一天太放松了，我们都不介意。  
“get 是系动词，要接形容词 sunburned/ sunburnt 作表语。a little 修饰sunburned/ sunburnt ，
意为“有点晒黑了” 。 
 
3.struggle / ˈstrʌgl /  
◎vi.  
①斗争；奋斗；努力；争取 
They struggled just to pay their bills. 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。 
struggle for sth./to do sth. 为争取……而奋斗 
They were struggling for independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。 
They were struggling to gain independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。 
struggle against/with sb./sth. 与……斗争；与……抗争 
He struggled against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。 
②挣扎；艰难地做 
He struggled and screamed for help.他挣扎着，高声呼救。 
She struggled to her feet. 她艰难地站起来。 
The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.  
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。 
◎n. [C] 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事 
Life is a struggle for survival.  生活成了一场奋力求生的斗争。 
His sick mother was grateful for his struggle to support the family. 
他的生病的妈妈很感激他为了支撑这个家庭所做的努力。 
His goal was achieved through hard struggle.他通过奋斗实现了目标。 
Losing weight was a terrible struggle.  减肥是一件非常艰难的事。 
 
4. decade / ˈdekeɪd / n.[C]十年；十年期 
  the last decade of the nineteenth century.  19 世纪的最后 10 年 
In the past two decades , the company has gone from strength to strength.   
在过去的二十年里，该公司已经逐渐壮大。 
 
5. super / ˈsu:pə(r) / adj.特级的；超级的; 极好的 
  Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交
水稻的”的稻种。(p10) 
He has a super car.  他有一辆超级轿车. 
You look super in your new clothes! 你穿着这套新衣服漂亮极了! 
super market/ star/ scholar 超市/超级明星/学霸 
 
13 
 
6. △hybrid / ˈhaɪbrɪd /adj.混合的；杂种的 n. [C]杂交种；混血儿 
  super hybrid rice 超级杂交水稻 
hybrid cars混合动力车 
The music was a hybrid of Western pop and traditional folk song. 
这种音乐融合了西方流行音乐和传统民歌。 
 
7. output / ˈaʊtpʊt / n.[C,U]产量；输出 
  In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high 
output.1974 年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。(p10) 
the daily output of a factory 工厂的日产量 
8. △ strain / stre ɪn / n.[C,U] 植物的)品种；种类 
  This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same 
fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
（p10） 
 
9. crop / krɒp / n.[C] 农作物；庄稼；产量 
Sugar is an important crop on the island.糖料作物是这个岛上的一种重要作物。 
The US government says that this year's corn crop should be about 8 percent more than last year.  
美国政府称今年的玉米产量应该会比去年提高8%左右。 
 
10. hunger / ˈhʌŋgə(r) /  
◎n.饥饿；欲望 
At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.  
当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。(p10) 
Many people in this town die of hunger every year.  该镇每年有许多人饿死。 
He has a hunger for / after knowledge.  他有强烈的求知欲. 
◎vt.&vi.(使)饥饿 
hunger for/after sth./sb.  渴望得到；渴求 
The unemployed hunger for jobs.  失业者渴望得到工作. 
It is a good thing to hunger after knowledge. 渴求知识是桩好事。  
【拓展】 
hungry  / ˈhʌŋgri/ adj.  饥饿的; 渴望的 
Thousands of people are going hungry because of the failure of this year's harvest. 
由于今年粮食歉收，成千上万的人在挨饿。 
be hungry for sth 渴望得到；渴求 
The child is simply hungry for love.这个孩子只不过是渴望得到爱。 
 
11. disturbing / dɪˈstɜ:bɪŋ / a.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 
  a disturbing problem 一个令人烦恼的问题 
a disturbing piece of news一则令人不安的消息 
【拓展】 
disturb   /d ɪˈstɜ:b/ vt.  打扰；妨碍（休息等） 
He's having a rest. Don't disturb him.  他正在休息, 别去打搅他. 
Find a quiet, warm, comfortable room where you won't be disturbed.   
找一个安静、温暖、舒适且不会被打扰到的房间。 
14 
 
12. expand | ɪkˈspænd| vt. &vi.使变大；扩展；发展（业务） 
 Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.  
袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。(p10) 
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。 
【拓展】 
expansion | ɪkˈspænʃn| n.[C,U] 扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀 
a period of rapid economic expansion经济迅猛发展期 
The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year. 
本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。 
 
13. circulate / ˈsɜ:kjəleɪt / vt.&vi.循环；流传;传播 
Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed 
countries to increase their rice harvests. 袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播
提高水稻产量的知识。 
Blood circulates through the body  . 血液在全身循环。 
【拓展】 
circulation  /ˌsɜ:kjəˈleɪʃn/ n.  流通，传播; 血液循环 
in / out of circulation 在流通/停止流通 
the circulation of money/information/ideas 货币的流通/消息的传播/观念的流行 
Regular exercise will improve blood circulation.  经常锻炼会促进血液循环。 
 
15. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 
Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.  
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的办法。 
It was all a great success─thanks to a lot of hard work. 由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。 
 
16. battle /'bæ tl/  
◎n.[C] 战役；战斗；较量；斗争  
 the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 
 fight a long battle against cancer 同癌症的长期斗争 
 a battle for survival一场生死斗 
◎vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗 
He battled cancer for four years.他同癌症斗争了四年。 
She's still battling with his knee injury.她还在同膝部的伤痛作斗争。 
The two leaders are battling for control of the government.两位领导人正在争夺政府控制权。 
 
17. rid / rɪd / vt. （rid，rid，ridding）摆脱；除去  
rid...of…  摆脱；除去 
 The UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗
中有了更多的办法。 
Why couldn't he rid himself of those thoughts and worries?   
为什么他总是无法摆脱那些想法和担忧? 
 be rid of…  摆脱 
She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority. 她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。 
15 
 
get rid of sb./sth. 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉 
I can't get rid of this headache. 我这头疼老也不好。 
Getting rid of him will be a piece of cake. 摆脱掉他就是小事一桩。 
 
18. be satisfied with 对…感到满意 
Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life. 袁博士很满意他的生活。(p10) 
One shouldn't be satisfied with only a little success.   
一个人不应该只因一点小成就而感到满足. 
 
19. freedom /'fri:dəm/ n.[C,U]自由；自主 
However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his 
research. 但是，他对成名并不在意，并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。(p10) 
freedom of speech/thought/expression/worship 言论 / 思想 / 表达 / 信仰自由 
freedom of action/choice 行动 / 选择自由 
rights and freedoms 权利和自由 
【拓展】 
free  /fri:/adj. adj.自由的; 免费的; 免税的; 空闲的 
freely  /ˈfri:li/ adv.  自由地，随意地，免费地; 直率地 
 
20. would rather 宁愿；宁可 
would rather do … 宁愿做…… 
 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。(p10) 
I would rather have a cup of tea. 我宁愿喝茶。 
would rather do … than do … (= would do...rather than do …) 宁可做……而不做…… 
I'd rather stay at home than go out.= I'd stay at home rather than go out. 
我宁可呆在家里也不出去. 
would rather+从句 （从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来的虚拟,从句的谓语动词用一般
过去时; 表示与过去的虚拟, 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）  
They would rather I went there today/tomorrow. 他们宁愿我今天/ 明天去那里。 
I would rather that you hadn't gone to the cinema yesterday evening. 
要是你昨晚没去看电影就好了。 
 
21. therefore /'ð ɛəfɔ:/ adv.（置于句首、句中）因此；所以；因而 
  He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 
 于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。(p10) 
He was busy, therefore, he couldn't come. 他忙得很，所以没有来。 
 
22. equip /ɪˈkwɪp/ vt.  （equipped ，equipped ，equipping）装备；配备；使具备 
We must equip the army for the modern war. 我们必须装备军队打现代化战争。 
Your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你所受的教育将使你能过上好日子 
 equip … with … (for sth)  （为）用……配备/装备 
Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.  
 请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试.  
We want to equip our children with some special skills.  
16 
 
我们要使我们的小孩具有某些特殊才能。 
be equipped with … 用……配备/装备 
Our classroom is equipped with computers. 我们的教室配备了计算机。 
The more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.  
你学得知识越多，就越为生活打下基础。 
 【拓展】 
equipment  /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n.[U] 设备，装备; 器材 
office equipment 办公室设备 
First, he bought new equipment for the kitchen.首先他买了新的厨房设备。 
 
23. △sorghum /'s ɔ:gəm/ n.[U] 高梁 
24. grain /'greɪn/ n.[U] 谷物；粮食；颗粒 
Long ago Yuan Longping had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as 
big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.很久以前，袁隆平曾在梦里
看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。(p10) 
25. △peanut /'pi:n ʌt/ n.[C] 花生 
 
26. export /eks'pɔ:t, 'ekspɔ:t/  
◎vt.&vi. / ɪkˈspɔ:t / 输出；出口; 输出（思想或活动） 
 Now, many years later, Yuan Longping has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be 
grown around the globe. 在很多年后的今天，袁隆平还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻谷可
以出口并长遍全球。 
The islands export sugar and fruit.这些岛屿出口糖和水果。 
American pop music has been exported around the world.美国流行音乐已传播到世界各地。 
◎n. /ˈekspɔ:t / [U] 输出；出口 [C]出口商品 
Then the fruit is packaged for export .然后水果便包装出口。 
One of the country's major exports is cocoa.该国的主要出口产品之一是可可豆。 
 
27. nationality / ˌnæʃəˈnæləti / n.[C,U] 国籍; [C]（小部分的）民族 
to take/have/hold French nationality 获得 / 持有 / 拥有法国国籍 
All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or nationality. 
所有申请者，不论其年龄、性别、宗教信仰及国籍，都可考虑。 
The college attracts students of all nationalities. 这所大学吸引着各国的学生。 
China contains more than fifty nationalities. 中国有五十多个民族。 
【拓展】 
national  /ˈnæ ʃnəl/ adj.  国家的; 民族的 
nationally   /ˈnæʃnəli/ adv.  在全国范围内；全国性地 
nationalism   /ˈnæ ʃnəlɪzəm/ n.  爱国主义; 民族主义 
nation  / ˈneɪʃn/ n.  国家; 民族 
 
28. occupation / ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn / n.[C] 职业；工作；占领 
Please state your name, age and occupation below. 请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。 
The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas. 被占领地区拥有主要的工业区。 
【拓展】 
17 
 
occupy   / ˈɒkjupaɪ/ vt.  占领; 占用（空间、面积、时间等） 
The capital has been occupied by the army.军队已占领了首都。 
The cupboard will not occupy much space.  这个橱柜不会占很多地方. 
occupy sb/yourself with sth  (=be occupied with sth ) 忙于某事 
She occupied herself with her office work. 
= She was occupied with her office work. 
她忙于办公室的工作。 
 
29. △personality / ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti / n.[C,U] 性格；个性；人格 
 How would you describe Yuan Longping’s personality? 你如何描述袁隆平的个性呢？（p11） 
His wife has a strong personality.他妻子的个性很强。 
The children all have very different personalities.孩子们的性格各不相同。 
【拓展】 
personal   /ˈpɜ:sənl/ adj.  个人的; 私人的 
person   / ˈpɜ:sn/ n.  人 
 
30. confuse /kən'fju:z/ vt.使迷惑；使为难 
 It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 
再把这个问题解释一遍很重要，否则我们会使学生困惑的。
（p13） 
confuse A and/with B（将…）混；混同 
People often confuse me and my twin sister.   人们常常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。 
Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality. 注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。 
【拓展】 
（1）confused |k ənˈfju:zd| adj. 人感到糊涂的；迷惑的 
People are confused about all the different labels on food these days. 
人们如今被那些五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。 
I'm confused─say all that again.我被搞糊涂了，把那件事从头到尾再说一遍吧。 
（2）confusing |kənˈfju:zɪŋ| 难以理解的；不清楚的 
The instructions on the box are very confusing. 盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 
（3）confusion |k ənˈfju:ʒn| n. [C,U] 困惑; 混淆；混同 
To avoid confusion, please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes. 
为避免搞错，请在孩子所有的校服上写清楚他们的姓名。 
He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.他困惑地看着我，没有回答问题。 
 
31. regret /rɪˈgret/ 
◎vt.遗憾；惋惜；后悔  
 If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it . 你如果现在不做，以后一定会后悔的。 
regret + doing sth. /having done sth. 后悔做过某事（已做过了） 
 He bitterly regretted having mentioned it. 他非常懊悔提起那件事。 
regret + to say/tell/inform ……很遗憾地说/告知/通知（还没做） 
We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.  
我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。 
regret + that 从句  
I regret that I didn’t follow your advice. 我真后悔没听你的劝告。 
18 
 
◎n. [C,U] 痛惜；懊悔；遗憾；失望 
to one’s regret 让某人遗憾的是 
Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation. 
非常遗憾，我不能接受你的盛情邀请。 
He gave up teaching in 2001, much to the regret of his students.  
他于2001 年放弃了教学，这使他的学生深感遗憾。 
 
32. chemical / ˈkemɪkl/  
adj.化学的；关于化学的 
 Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. 
在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。
（p14） 
n.  化学药品; 化学制品 
The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals in agriculture.  
整个食物链因农业生产过程过多使用化学品而受到影响。 
【拓展】 
chemistry  / ˈkemɪstri/ n.  化学 
chemist  /ˈkemɪst/ n.  化学家; 药剂师 
 
33. △organic / ɔ:ˈgænɪk / adj.有机的；器官的；组织的 
With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic 
farming. 由于这些发现，一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。(p14) 
Organic farming is expanding everywhere. 有机农业正在各地迅速发展起来。 
organic fruit and vegetables.  有机水果和蔬菜 
 
34. △fertile /'fə:tail/ a.肥沃的；富饶的 
 Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.  
有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土地肥沃。
（p14） 
35. △fertilizer /'fə:tilaizə/ n.肥料；化肥 
What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? 
 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？(p14) 
 
36. production /prə'dʌkʃən/ n.[U] 生产；制造;  [u]产量 
Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.  
很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。(p14) 
The car went out of production in 2002.这种汽车已于2002 年停产。 
production costs 生产成本 
a decline/an increase in production 产量的下降 / 上升 
producer /pr ə'dju:sə/ n.[C] 生产者；制片人 
You are a producer of “green food”---your food is free of chemical fertilizers and is grown away 
from industrial areas and dirty water supplies. 你是一名绿色食品生产商，你的食品不用化肥，
并且远离工业区和污水排放区种植。（p15） 
 
37. bacteria / bækˈtɪəriə / n.细菌 (pl. bacterium / bæk'tɪərɪəm /) 
First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.  
19 
 
首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。(p14) 
38. pest /pest/ n.[C] 害虫；害兽；害鸟; 讨厌的人（或物） 
pest control 害虫防治 
plant/garden pests 作物 / 花园害虫 
That child is being a real pest. 那个孩子真讨厌。 
 
39. build up 逐步增强；建立；开发 
These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.  
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。(p14) 
You should build up your savings. 你应该攒点钱。 
We can build up the speed gradually and safely.  我们可以逐渐稳妥地提高速度。 
Doing well in your study can build up your confidence.学习好可以增加你的自信。 
Regular exercise can build up your strength.  有规律的锻炼身体可以增强体力。 
 
40. lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向 
Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.  
很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。(p14) 
Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion. 
 缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。 
All roads lead to Rome．条条道路通罗马。 
 
41. nutrition / njuˈtrɪʃn / n. [U] 营养；滋养；食物 
In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast 
to be full of much nutrition.  
另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
（p14） 
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.  均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养. 
【拓展】 
nutritionist  / njuˈtrɪʃənɪst/ n.  营养学家 
nutritious   /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ adj.  有营养的；滋养的 
 
42. mineral / ˈmɪnərəl / n. [C,U]矿物；矿石 
They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals. 
 它们表面上很好看，但里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。(p14) 
A glass of mineral water, please.  请给我来杯矿泉水。 
【拓展】 
mine  /maɪn/ n.  矿; 矿井vt.& vi.  在…中开采 
miner  /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ n.  矿工; 采矿机 
 
43. discovery / dɪˈskʌvəri / n. [C,U] 发现；发觉 [C] 被发现的事物 
With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic 
farming. 由于这些发现，一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。(p14) 
The drug is not a new discovery─it's been known about for years. 
这种药并不是什么新发现——多年前便为人所知。 
【拓展】 
20 
 
discover  /d ɪˈskʌvə(r)/ vt.  发现; 碰见 
discoverer/ dɪˈskʌvərə / n.  发现者 
 
44. focus / ˈfəʊkəs / 
◎ vi.集中；聚焦 
focus on (doing) sth  集中于（做）某事；聚焦于 
They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.  
农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。(p14) 
The discussion focused on three main problems. 讨论集中在三个主要问题上。 
In this scene, the camera focuses on the actor's face. 在这个镜头中，摄影机对准演员的脸部。 
focus sth on (doing) sth集中（注意力、精力等）于 
Please focus your attention on your studies and not on your hobbies. 
 请你把注意力放到学习上，而不是爱好上。 
He focused his blue eyes on her. 他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。 
 be focused on (doing) sth  集中于（做）某事 
He was focused on his lessons.  他把心思集中在功课上. 
All eyes were focused on him when he came in.  他进来时大家都注视着他. 
◎n. [C,U] 中心点（指人或事物）；焦点； 
 Her children are the main focus of her life.  孩子们是她生活的重心。 
【高考链接】 
Most of us are more focused _______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 
（2016 全国卷II 语法填空） 
答案：on  句意：比起一天中的晚些时候，我们大多数人通常在早上更能集中精力在工作
上。be focused on sth  集中于某事，为固定搭配。 
 
45. soil / sɔɪl / n. [C,U]  土壤；国土；领土 
A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.  
健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。(p14) 
poor/dry/acid/sandy/fertile soil 贫瘠/干旱/酸性/沙质/肥沃的土壤 
It was the first time I had set foot on African soil. 那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。 
 
46. reduce / rɪˈdju:s / vt.减少；减缩 
Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.戒烟会减少得心脏病的风险。 
reduce sth by …  减少了……（by 表示相差的比率） 
Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。 
reduce sth to …  减少到……（to 表示到达的数量） 
The skirt was reduced to £10 in the sale. 在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到10 英镑。 
reduce sth from… to …  从……减少到…… 
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数从40 人减少到了25 人。 
【拓展】 
reduction |r ɪˈdʌkʃn|n.[C]&[U]  减少；缩小；降低 
The flood resulted in a reduction in production.  这次水灾造成减产。 
You will have a reduction for cash. 付现金可以打折扣。 
There has been some reduction in unemployment. 失业人数有所减少。 
21 
 
47. keep...free from/of 使...免受；使...不含 
This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. 
同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 
Balanced diet and proper exercise keep you free from disease.  
均衡的饮食和适当的锻炼能让你远离疾病。 
free from  免受……的影响；挣脱……的束缚 
She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness.  
她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。 
Probably no one is free from mistakes, only some make more and some less.   
人大概没有不犯错误的, 多多少少要犯错误。 
【高考链接】 
At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from 
them.（2016 全国卷语法III填空） 
答案：freely--free 句意：有一段时间，我甚至感觉父母不能理解我，我也因此希望挣脱他 
们的束缚。 be free from 是固定搭配，意为“免受……的影响；挣脱……的束缚” 。 
 
48. △soybean / 'sɔɪbi:n / n. [C]大豆 
They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or 
wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. 在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作
物。 例如，种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。 
 
49. root /ru:t/  
◎n.[C] 根；根源 
Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that 
use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. 
 有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层
土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。 
Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。 
◎vi.&vt.  (使)生根成长  
Most plants will root in about six to eight weeks.  大多数植物都会在6 到8 周内生根。 
 
50. skim / skɪm / vt.浏览；略读 
Skim the passage to find its main idea.浏览这段文章，找出文章的大意。（p15） 
Skim through/over… 浏览；略读 
He skimmed through the article trying to find his name. 他浏览文章寻找自己的名字。 
 
51. underline / ˌʌndəˈlaɪn / vt.画底线标出；强调 
Find and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.  
找出每段的主题句并在下面划上横线。（p15） 
The report underlines the importance of pre-school education. 
这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。 
 
52. summary /'sʌməri/ 
◎ n.总结；摘要；概要 
22 
 
Write your summary. 写出你的概述。（p15） 
The following is a summary of our conclusions. 现将我们的几点结论综述如下。 
◎adj. 总结性的；概括的；概要的 
I made a summary report for the records. 我对记录内容做了扼要报告。 
【拓展】 
summarize |ˈsʌməraɪz|vt. 总结；概括；概述 
The results of the research are summarized at the end of the chapter.  
在这一章末尾对研究结果作了总结。 
I will summarize what I have done.  我将概述我所做的事情。 
 
53. comment / ˈkɒment /  
◎n.评论；议论  
 Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.  
与同伴交换一下概述，并且互相作出评论。
（p15） 
 She made helpful comments on my work.她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。 
 no comment 无可奉告 
◎vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论 
You really can't comment till you know the facts. 知道真相之前，不要发表任何意见。 
comment on/upon sth 表达意见；作出评论 
So far, he has not commented on these reports.  到目前为止，他仍未就这些报道发表评论。 
 
54. △ industrial / ɪnˈdʌstriəl / adj.工业的；产业的  
 The seven major industrial countries will have their yearly meeting in London.  
七个主要工业国家将在伦敦举行一年一度的会议。 
【拓展】 
industry  /ˈɪndəstri/ n.  工业; 产业 
service / computer / car / film industry 服务业/电脑/汽车/电影行业 
 
 
Book4  Unit3 
1.humour /'hju:m ə/（= humor） n.[U]  幽默；滑稽 
a taste of English humor 体味英语的幽默 （p17） 
I can't stand people with no sense of humour . 我无法忍受毫无幽默感的人。 
humorous | ˈhju:mərəs| adj. 滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的 
He gave a humorous account of their trip to Spain. 
 他饶有风趣地讲述了他们的西班牙之行。 
He was quite humorous, and I liked that about him.  他很幽默，我喜欢他这一点。 
2.△ punchline / ˈpʌntʃlaɪn /n.故事、笑话等中的妙语；关键语 
Do you know what a punchline is ?你知不知道什么是妙语？（p17） 
3.△verbal / ˈvɜ:bl / adj.口头的 
Which do you like better: verbal or nonverbal humor? 
你更喜欢哪一种幽默：有语言的幽默还是不用语言的幽默？ 
 
23 
 
4. △nonverbal [ˌnɒn'vɜ:bl] adj.不用语言的 
non-verbal communication 非语言交际 
5. △mime / maɪm / n.哑剧  
Charlie Chaplin is a mime artist查理.卓别林是一位哑剧表演艺术家。 
She performed a brief mime. 她表演了一小段哑剧。 
6. comedy / ˈkɒmədi / n.（c）喜剧；喜剧片 
a romantic comedy 浪漫喜剧 
 
7. up to now 直到现在 (多与现在完成时连用) 
As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face", and up 
to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.  
维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如同阳光，驱散人们脸上的阴霾”关于这一点，直到今天也没
有人比查理·卓别林做的更好。(p18) 
Up to now, the work has been quite smooth.  到目前为止, 工作很顺利. 
 
8. △brighten / ˈbraɪtn / vt.使更愉快；使更有希望 
He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in 
between. 在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。
（p18） 
A smile brightened her face.她的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。 
 
9. △ depressed / d ɪˈprest / adj.忧愁的；沮丧的 
He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with 
their lives. 在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到更加
满足。（p18） 
She's been very depressed and upset about this whole situation.   
她对整个情形感到极其沮丧和不快。 
 
10. content  
（1）  / kənˈtent /  
◎adj. 满意的；满足的 
feel/be content with 对...满足 
…so they could feel more content with their lives. 于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。
（p18） 
be content to do sth (=be willing to do sth) 愿意 
I was content to wait. 我愿意等候。 
◎vt. 使满意；使满足 
My apology seemed to content him. 
我的道歉好像使他感到满意。 
content oneself with sth 使自己满足于… 
You should content yourself with what you have.  你应该满足于你所拥有的一切. 
He contented himself with one glass of beer per day. 他每天喝一杯啤酒就心满意足了。 
◎n. 满足  
to one's heart's content 心满意足地;尽情地 
They could read to their heart's content. 他们可以尽情地阅读。 
（2） /ˈkɒntent/ n. 
24 
 
①[C] 所容纳的东西;所含之物  
 I emptied the contents of the bag onto the table. 我把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。 
②[U]  (书、演讲、电视节目等的)内容 
She hadn't read the letter and so didn ’t know its contents. 
她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容一无所知。 
③[U]  含量;成分 
He was astonished at the high gold content in the 340 million-year-old rock.   
他对这块有3.4 亿年历史的岩石的高含金量大为惊异。 
food with a high fat content 脂肪含量高的食物 
 
12. performer /p ə'fɔ:mə/ n.[C] 表演者；表现者 
He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers.  
他生于1889 年，出身贫寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。(p18) 
WW is the star performer of the motor industry this year. 
大众汽车在本年度汽车行业中出类拔萃。 
【拓展】 
perform   /pəˈfɔ:m/ vt.& vi.  执行; 履行; 表演; 扮演; 运行；表现 
performance /p əˈfɔ:məns/ n.  表演; 演技; 表现; 执行 
 
13. astonish / əˈstɒnɪʃ / vt.使惊诧 
Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world. 
这鸟不飞则罢,一飞就冲天;不鸣则罢, 一鸣就惊人. 
The news astonished everyone.这消息使大家十分惊讶。 
astonishing /əs'tɒniʃ iŋ/ adj.令人感到惊异的 
You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as 
soon as he could walk. 你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时
大人就教他跳舞。(p18) 
She ran 100m in an astonishing 10.9 seconds. 她以惊人的10.9 秒速度跑完了100 米。 
astonished /əˈstɒnɪʃ t/ adj. 感到十分惊讶的；吃惊的 
He was astonished to learn he'd won the competition. 他听说他比赛赢了，感到很惊讶。 
They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy.  
令他们吃惊的是，开车的居然是个6 岁的小男孩。 
astonishment / əˈstɒnɪʃ mənt/ n.[U] 惊讶；惊异 
To my astonishment , she remembered my name. 她竟记得我的名字，使我万分惊讶。 
He stared in astonishment at the stranger. 他惊愕地盯着陌生人。 
 
15. fortunate / ˈfɔ:tʃənət / adj.幸运的；吉利的 
I am fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer. 我很有福气，去过世界许多
地方作演讲。 
He was extremely fortunate to survive.  他能活下来真是万幸。 
I was fortunate in having a good teacher. 我很幸运，有位好老师。 
unfortunate   /ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənət/ adj.  不幸的; 令人遗憾的 
He was unfortunate to lose in the final round.他不幸在最后一轮输了。 
It was unfortunate that he couldn't speak English.可惜他不会讲英语。 
25 
 
fortunately  /ˈfɔ:tʃənətli/adv.  幸运地 
I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 
unfortunately / ʌnˈfɔ :t ʃə nətli / ad.不幸地; 遗憾地 
Unfortunately his father died. 不幸的是他的父亲去世了。(p18) 
【高考链接】 
Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car.（2012 浙江卷） 
答案：Unfortunate—Unfortunately 句意：不幸的是，我出了事故，撞了另一辆车。用副词作
状语，修饰整个句子。 
 
17. badly off adj.穷的；缺少的 
Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off. 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使
得他的家庭更加艰难。(p18) 
I am quite badly off recently.  最近我经济上很拮据. 
be badly off for sth. 某物短少；缺乏 
The school is badly off for books. 这个学校的确非常缺少图书. 
【拓展】 
 well off 富有的；富裕的 
Most of these people are very well off.  这些人大都很富裕。 
They are much better off than us. 他们比我们富得多。 
a well-off family富裕家庭 
 
18. △teens /ti:ns/ n. 十几岁 
By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in 
England. 在十多岁的时候，凭借着自己的幽默，查理已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。
 
 
19. ordinary / ˈɔ:dnri / adj.平常的；普通的 
He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.  
他能够不说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。(p18) 
The meal was very ordinary.这顿饭平常得很。 
 
20. bored / bɔ:d / adj. （人感到）厌烦的 
No one was ever bored watching him. 看他的表演没有人会感到无聊。(p18) 
There was a bored expression on her face. 她脸上有一种厌倦的表情。 
be/get bored with sb/sth （对某人 / 事物）厌倦的 
He is bored with life.他厌倦了生活。 
be/get bored with doing sth 对做某事感到厌倦的 
The children quickly got bored with staying indoors. 孩子们在屋子里很快就待不住了。 
【拓展】 
boring /ˈbɔ:rɪ ŋ/ adj. 没趣的；令人厌倦（或厌烦）的 
He is a boring man. 他是惹人烦的人。 
She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. 
他尝试了几分工作，但对她而言，都似乎是无聊的。 
a boring book/evening 无聊的书 / 夜晚 
bore |b ɔ:(r)| vt. （尤指因啰唆）使厌烦 
26 
 
Life in the city bores me.  城市生活令我生厌。 
I dropped out of high school. It bored me to death.   
我从中学退学了，那种学校生活令我烦得要死。 
 
21. △subtle /'sʌbtl/ a.微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的 
His subtle acting made everything entertaining. 他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。(p18) 
 
22. entertain / ˌentəˈ teɪn / vt.vi. 款待；使欢乐；使娱乐 
He made some delicious food to entertain the guests. 他做了一些美食招待客人。 
entertain sb to sth 请某人吃某物 
He entertained her to Beijing duck . 他请她吃北京烤鸭。 
entertain sb with sth 用…… 娱乐某人 
He entertained us with his stories and jokes.他既讲故事又说笑话，把我们逗得乐了。 
entertaining / ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/ adj.  有趣的，娱乐的，使人愉快的 
How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? 
 然而这个小流浪汉是如何把悲凉的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？(p18) 
an entertaining speech/evening 妙趣横生的演讲/令人开心的晚会 
entertainment / ˌentəˈteɪ nmənt/ n.[C]&[U] 文娱节目；娱乐活动; 款待 
There will be live entertainment at the party. 联欢会上将有现场表演节目。 
 
24. △charming / tʃɑ:mɪŋ / adj.迷人的；有魅力的 
charming character 可爱的角色 
To begin with he was Prince Charming. 首先，他是一个白马王子。 
 
25. △ tramp /træ mp/ n.[C] 流浪汉；行乞者 
26. throughout / θ ru:'aut/  
◎prep.遍及；贯穿  
He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known 
throughout the world.  
他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”角色开始闻名于世，而查理越来越受欢迎。(p18) 
The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。 
◎adv. 到处；始终；全部 
The house was painted white throughout.这所房子全都粉刷成了白色。 
The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout. 
仪式进行了两个小时，我们自始至终都得站着。 
 
27. homeless / ˈhəʊmləs / adj.无家的；无家可归的 
the homeless 无家可归的人们 
The project has been set up to help homeless people/the homeless.   
这个计划的目的是帮助无家可归的人。 
 
28. moustache /m əs'tɑ:ʃ / n.[C] 小胡子; 上唇的胡子；髭 
He was short and bald and had a moustache.  他个头不高，秃顶，留着八字胡。 
 
27 
 
29. worn / wɔ:n / adj.用旧的；用坏的；筋疲力尽的 
an old pair of worn jeans 一条破旧的牛仔裤 
 
The stone steps were worn and broken.这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。 
She looks thin and worn. 她显得憔悴不堪。 
 
30. △ worn-out  adj.磨破的；穿旧的；筋疲力尽的（常用来作定语） 
The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a 
small round black hat.这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，
头顶着黑色的小圆帽。 (p18) 
worn - out clothes/equipment 破旧衣服/设备 
worn-out horses 筋疲力尽的 
worn out adj.磨破的；穿旧的；筋疲力尽的（常用来作表语） 
Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn out.   
赛前他状态很好，赛后就筋疲力尽了。 
These shoes are worn out.  这双鞋破得不能再穿了。 
 
31. △stiffly / stɪflɪ / ad.僵硬地 
He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. 他手里拿着一根手杖迈着僵硬的步伐四处走
动。(p18) 
 
failure / ˈfeɪljə(r) / n. 
 ①[C]失败者; 失败的人（或事物） 
This character was a social failure.这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者。 
The whole thing was a complete failure.整个事情彻底失败了。 
He was a failure as a teacher.他当教师并不成功。 
②[U] 失败 
The success or failure of the plan depends on you.这项计划的成败取决于你。 
All my efforts ended in failure .我的一切努力最后都无济于事。 
I can accept failure, but I can't accept not trying.  我可以接受失败，但我不能接受从不去尝试。 
【拓展】 
success n. [C]成功的人（或事物）[U] 成功 
 
33. △ optimism / ˈɒptɪmɪzəm / n. [U]乐观；乐观主义 
be optimism about/for sth 对……乐观 
I am optimism about/for the future. 我对未来乐观。 
We may now look forward with optimism .我们现在可以乐观地展望未来。 
 
34. overcome / ˌəʊvəˈkʌm / vt. (overcame, overcome ) 战胜；克服 
He was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. 
他乐观的精神和战胜困难的决心使他受到人们的喜爱。(p18) 
She had overcome her fear of flying.  她克服了对飞行的恐惧。 
 
35. △ underdog / ˈʌ ndədɒg / n. [C]失败者；处于劣势的一方 
He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. 
面对并不善待他的
28 
 
人，这个弱者依然保持友善的态度。(p18) 
the underdog 弱势群体 
 
36. △snowstorm /'snəustɔ:m/ n.[C] 暴风雪 
Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with 
nothing to eat. 相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。(p18) 
 
37. leather /'leð ə/ n.[U]  皮革  
They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.  
他们饿极了，只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。(p18) 
The soles are made of leather.鞋底是皮革做的。 
a leather jacket 皮夹克 
 
38.pick out 挑出；辨别出 
Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.  
查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。(p18) 
See if you can pick me out in this photo. 看你能不能把我从这张照片上认出来。 
 
39. △ lace / leɪs / n.[U]  饰带；花边；n.[C] 鞋带 
a tablecloth edged with lace 镶有花边的桌布 
Your laces are undone.你的鞋带松开了。 
 
40. cut off 切断；断绝 
Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.  
然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，就像切下一块最好的牛排。(p18) 
Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。 
Their phone was cut off, so they was cut off from others. 
他们的电话被切断了，因此被切断了与别人的联系。 
 
41. chew /tʃ u:/ vt.&vi.嚼碎；咀嚼 
Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.  
最后他试着把鞋底割下来嚼着吃。(p18) 
 
42. △ mouthful /'mau θ ful/ n. [C]一口；满口 
He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. 他每一口都嚼得津津有味。(p18) 
She took a mouthful of water.她喝了一大口水。 
 
42. △enjoyment / ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt / n. [U]享受；快乐；乐趣 n.[C] 令人愉快的事 
Children seem to have lost their enjoyment in reading.孩子们似乎已失去阅读的乐趣。 
I get a lot of enjoyment from my grandchildren.我从孙子孙女们那儿得到很多乐趣。 
Children like to share interests and enjoyments with their parents. 
孩子们喜欢同父母一起分享各种兴趣和乐事。 
【拓展】 
enjoy   /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ vt. 享有; 享受; 喜欢 
29 
 
We are enjoying a high standard of living.我们享有很高的生活水平。 
Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. 
尽管美国的许多年轻人喜欢阅读，但是他们仍然有一些别的兴趣。 
They all enjoyed themselves at the party.他们在聚会上都玩得非常痛快。 
 
43. convince / kənˈvɪns / vt. 说服; 使信服 
It's hopeless trying to convince her.  想说服她简直是徒劳。 
convince sb/oneself of sth 使相信；信服 
You'll need to convince them of your ability to do the job. 
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 
We can convince the students of the need for wider reading.   
我们能让学生们认识到广泛的阅读的必要性. 
convince sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事 
I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 
convince sb/oneself + that 从句 
I'd convinced myself (that) I was right.我确信自己是正确的。 
convinced / kənˈvɪnst/ adj. 确信的; 深信的; 有坚定信仰的 
be convinced of sth/that+从句  坚信…… 
I am convinced of her honesty.  
=I am convinced that she is honest.  
我坚信她是诚实的。 
a convinced Christian虔诚的基督徒 
44.convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ adj.令人信服的 
The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever 
tasted!  
查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！(p18) 
She sounded very convincing to me  .我觉得她的话很有说服力。 
a convincing argument/explanation/case 有说服力的论点 / 解释 / 事例 
 
45. direct / dəˈrekt /  
◎vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥 
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. 查理·卓别林自编、自导、
自制他主演的电影。(p18) 
The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.这部电影是由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的。 
Could you direct me to the station?请问到车站怎么走？ 
A police officer was directing the traffic.一名警察在指挥交通。 
A new manager came to direct the project.一位新经理来管理这项工程。 
 ◎adj. 直接的；亲身的; 直率的；径直的 
His death was a direct result of your action.他的死是你的行为直接造成的后果。 
We are looking for somebody with direct experience of this type of work. 
我们在寻找对这种工作有过亲身体验的人。 
a direct answer/question 直截了当的回答；坦率的问题 
a direct flight (= a flight that does not stop)直飞航班 
◎adv. 直接地；径直地 
30 
 
We flew direct to Hong Kong.我们直飞香港。 
The 10.40 goes direct to Shanghai.  10:40 这班火车直达上海。 
【拓展】 
directly /dəˈrektli/  
◎adv. 直接地；径直地；坦率地  
He drove her directly to her hotel.他驾车直接把她送到了她下榻的旅馆。 
She looked directly at us.她正视着我们。 
He's directly responsible to the boss.他直接对老板负责。 
◎conj. 一…就…（引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as） 
I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。 
 
46. star in 担任主角；主演 
Who is to star in the movie has not been finally decided yet.  由谁来主演这部电影尚未敲定. 
 
47. outstanding / aʊtˈstændɪŋ / adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的 
In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. 
 1972 年他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。(p18) 
 outstanding player/achievement/success 杰出的运动员 / 成绩 / 成就 
 
49. △confidence / ˈkɒnfɪdəns / n.信心；信念 
He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence. 
人们热爱和怀念这位伟大的演员，因为他鼓舞人们并增强他们的信心。(p18) 
have confidence in sb/sth 对某人/某事有信心 
She has every confidence in her students' abilities.她完全相信她学生的能力。 
I have confidence in myself .我对自己有信心。 
with confidence 自信地；肯定地; 把握地 
He answered the questions with confidence.他有把握地回答了那些问题。 
【拓展】 
（1）confident  /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj.  确信的；深信的; 有信心的 
As time went by, he became more and more confident.   
随着时间的推移，他变得越来越自信。 
be confident of/about (doing) sth  对（做）某事有信心/把握 
 We are confident of victory/winning.  我们有信心取得胜利。 
be confident that… 对……有信心/把握 
I'm confident that you will get the job.我肯定你能得到那份工作。 
（2）confidently   /'kɒnfədəntlɪ/ adv.  确信地，肯定地; 自信地 
I can confidently promise that this year is going to be very different.   
我可以信心十足地保证今年将大不一样。 
You must act confidently. 你必须表现得自信。 
 
50. △ costume / ˈkɒstju:m / n.[C]&[U]  服装；戏装 
She has four costume changes during the play.她在这出戏里要换四次服装。 
He went to the party in a monkey costume.他是打扮成一只猴子去参加聚会的。 
 
31 
 
51. gesture /'d ʒestʃə /  
◎n.[C]&[U] 手势；姿势；示意动作 [C]（表明感情或意图的）姿态 
Chaplin starred in silent films so he had to make use of gestures and body 
language to tell his 
stories. 
卓别林主演了无声电影，因此他不得不使用各种各样的手势和身体语言讲述他的故事。(p19) 
They communicated entirely by gesture. 他们完全用手势交流。 
They sent some flowers as a gesture of love to the child.他们送了一些花表示对孩子的爱。 
◎vi.做手势 
gesture to sb  对某人做手势/示意某人 
He gestured to me that it was time to go. 他示意我该走了。 
gesture for sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 
She gestured for them to come in. 她示意让他们进来。 
 
52. particular / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /  
◎adj. [只用于名词前] 格外的；特别的；特指的 
We must pay particular attention to this point.我们必须特别注意这一点。 
I have to know exactly why you are doing a particular job.  
我必须明确知道你为什么要做特定的一项工作。 
Is there a particular type of book he enjoys?他有特别喜爱的哪一类书籍吗？ 
be particular about/over sth 对某物讲究/挑剔 
She's very particular about her clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。 
She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too particular about her job. 她已经尽了最大的
努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。 
◎n. [常用复数] 细节；细目 
The police officer took down all the particulars of the burglary. 
这名警察记下了窃案发生的详细情况。 
The nurse asked me for my particulars.护士向我询问了我的个人资料。 
 
53. particularly / pəˈtɪkjələli / adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地 
Children particularly would burst into laughter at Mr Bean’s behavior.  
尤其是孩子们会因憨豆先生的行为会突然大笑起来。(p20) 
The lecture was not particularly (= not very) interesting.讲座并不特别精彩。 
Traffic is bad, particularly in the city centre.交通状况很差，尤其是在市中心。 
 
54. occasion / əˈkeɪʒ n /  n. [C] 时刻；时机；场合 
On one occasion in a restaurant Mr Bean ordered a steak tartar.  
有一次，憨豆先生在一个餐馆里点了一份鞑靼牛排。(p20) 
on this/that occasion 这 / 那次 
I've met him on several occasions. 我曾见过他几次。 
I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises .有机会的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。 
Congratulations on your wedding . Let's all celebrate this special occasion.  
恭喜您结婚; 让我们一起庆祝这个特别的场合。 
Their wedding turned out to be quite a great occasion.他们的婚礼办得相当隆重。 
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们呆
32 
 
一天的机会很少。（occasion 指代抽象时间在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when） 
on occasion(s) 偶尔；偶然；有时 
They visit their teacher on occasion. 他们偶尔去拜访老师。 
【拓展】 
（1）occasional   /əˈkeɪʒənl/ adj.  偶尔的，不经常的 
That sort of thing is quite occasional and not regular.  那种事十分偶然,没有规律. 
She took an occasional glass of wine她偶尔喝杯酒。 
（2）occasionally   /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ adv.  偶尔; 偶然; 有时候 
We occasionally meet for a drink after work.我们下班后偶尔相聚小酌。 
 
55. budget / ˈbʌdʒɪt / n.[C]&[U]  预算；开支 
It was an interesting experience as it was clear that Chaplin did not keep to a strict budget. 
这是一段有趣的经历，因为很明显卓别林没有遵守严格的预算。
（p21） 
The hospital obviously needs to balance the budget each year.   
很明显，医院每年都要平衡其收支预算。 
a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月 / 年度 / 家庭预算 
the education/defence budget 教育 / 国防预算 
within / over budget 未超出/超出预算 
a big-budget movie 一部巨额预算的电影 
 
56. actress / ˈæktrəs / n. [C] 女演员 
That actress talking with our English teacher has acted in four films. 
正跟我们的英语老师谈话的那个女演员已经演了四部电影了。
（p21） 
【拓展】 
actor   / ˈæktə(r)/ n.  男演员; 行动者; 参与者 
 
57. slide / slaɪd / （slid, slid） 
◎vi.&vt.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 ；下滑 
I saw a man sliding on a banana skin. 我看见一个男子在香蕉皮上滑了一下。 
We slid down the grassy slope. 我们从草坡上滑了下来。 
He slid into bed. 他不声不响地钻进被子。 
She slid out while no one was looking. 她趁着没人看见溜了出去。 
The man slid the money quickly into his pocket. 那人很快把钱塞进自己的口袋。 
The US dollar continued to slide. 美元继续贬值。 
◎n. [C] 滑；下滑；幻灯片 
Her car went into a slide.她的车打起滑来。 
The economy is on the slide (= getting worse) . 经济日益衰退。 
a slide show/projector 幻灯放映；幻灯机 
 
58. amuse /ə'mju:z/ vt.使发笑；使愉快 
There are thousands of jokes which use “play on words” to amuse us. 有成千个使用双关语的
笑话使我们发笑。（p22） 
My funny drawings amused the kids. 我的滑稽图画把孩子们逗乐了。 
amusing / əˈmju:zɪŋ / adj.好笑的；有趣的 
33 
 
an amusing story/game/incident 逗人笑的故事 / 游戏 / 事件 
I didn't found the joke very amusing.我认为这笑话很可笑。 
amused   /əˈmju:zd/ adj.  被逗笑的; 愉快的 
There was an amused look on the President's face.总统面带愉悦的神情。 
He kept us amused with his stories.  他一直给我们讲故事来逗我们开心。 
We were all amused at his stories.我们都被他的故事逗笑了。 
He was amused to see how seriously she took the game. 
他看见她玩这个游戏十分认真的样子，觉得好笑。 
 
60. pancake / ˈpænkeɪk / n.[C]烙饼；薄饼 
Waiter, will the pancakes be long?服务员，煎饼还需要很久吗？（p22） 
 
61. explanation / ˌekspləˈneɪʃn / n.[C]&[U] 解释；讲解；说明 
The book gives a full explanation of how the machine works. 
这本书给出了关于机器工作原理的详细说明。 
explanation for（doing）sth 
I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.我想不出他缺席的任何理由。 
without explanation 未作解释 
She left the room suddenly without explanation .她未作解释就突然离开了房间。 
【拓展】 
explain  /ɪkˈspleɪn/vt.& vi.  解释; 
She tried to explain but he wouldn't listen.她试图说明一下原因，可他根本不听。 
First, I'll explain the rules of the game.首先我要说明一下游戏规则。 
explain sth to sb 对某人解释某事 
It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners.对初学者解释这个问题很难。 
Can you explain to me how the email system works? 
你能说明一下电子邮件系统的工作原理吗？ 
 
62. detective / dɪˈtektɪv / n.[C] 侦探 
The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend 
Doctor Watson.下面就是关于有名的侦探福尔摩斯和他的朋友华生医生的的一个笑话。
（p22） 
 
63. mountainous / ˈmaʊntənəs / adj.多山的；山一般的 
Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. 
福尔摩斯和他的朋友华生医生去一个山区野营。
（p22） 
This part of the country is very mountainous.  这个国家的这一地区山多. 
The plan is designed to reduce some of the company's mountainous debt.   
该计划旨在减少公司堆积如山的债务。 
【拓展】 
mountain  /ˈmaʊntən/ n.  山；山岳 （名词+后缀ous，构成形容词） 
 
64. whisper / ˈwɪspə(r) / 
◎vt.&vi.低语；小声说 
Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered 福尔摩斯看了看天上的星星，低声说。 
34 
 
'Keep your voice down,' I whispered. 我轻声说：“小声点儿。” 
What are you two whispering about?你们两人在低声说些什么？ 
◎n.耳语；低语 
She lowered her voice to a whisper.  她压低了嗓音，几乎成了窃窃私语。 
in whispers 低声说话 
They were talking in whispers.  他们在悄声地谈话. 
We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby.  我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿. 
 
65. vast / vɑ:st / adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 
Watson tried again, “I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.” 
华生又试着回答，“我在思考我是多么的渺小，天空是多么的辽阔。” （p22） 
a vast area of forest 莽莽苍苍的森林 
a vast crowd一大群人 
a vast amount of information 大量信息 
 
66. △ rhythm / ˈrɪðəm / n. [C，U] 节奏；韵律 
Pay special attention to the rhythm and intonation of what you say and try to bring out the 
humor.特别重视一下你说话的押韵和语调，尽量把幽默显示出来。
（p22） 
He is a dancer with a natural sense of rhythm. 他是一个天生节奏感很强的舞蹈者。 
dance to the rhythm of the music 随着音乐的节奏跳舞 
 
67. mess /mes/  
◎n. [可数名词, 常用单数形式] 脏乱；不整洁；脏或乱的状态；困境 
What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan? 
约翰认为玛丽应该如何处理锅里脏乱的食物？（p22） 
What a mess ! 真是一片狼藉！ 
The room was in a mess .这个房间杂乱不堪。 
The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。 
The economy is in a mess .经济陷入了困境。 
◎vt. 使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱 
Be careful─you're messing my hair. 小心——你弄乱我的头发了。 
 
68. react / riˈækt / vi.作出反应；回应; 起化学/过敏反应 
How do you think John will react to her? 你认为约翰将对她作出如何反映？ 
Local people have reacted angrily to the news.当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。 
 Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water. 氢和氧发生反应产生水。 
I react badly to seafood. 我对海鲜过敏。 
【拓展】 
reaction |ri ˈækʃ n| [C，U] 反应；回应；反应能力；化学/过敏反应 
What was his reaction to the news? 他对这消息有何反应？ 
He is a skilled driver with quick reactions.他是一个反应敏捷的熟练司机。 
Common foods which cause this kind of reaction are fish, eggs, and shellfish.  
引发这种不良反应的常见食物包括鱼、蛋和贝类。 
a chemical/nuclear reaction 化学 / 核反应 
35 
 
69. porridge / ˈpɒrɪdʒ / n.[U]  粥；麦片粥 
John said he thought the jam was porridge. 
约翰说他当时认为这些黏糊糊的类似果酱的东西
是粥。（p23） 
 
70. drunk /drʌŋk/ adj.醉的; 陶醉的;兴奋的 
 John said the chickens were drunk. 约翰说这些鸡醉酒了。（p23） 
 I got drunk and had to be carried home.我喝醉了，只好让人把我送回家。 
They are currently drunk with success .他们现在正陶醉于成功之中。 
A drunk driver knocked down and killed two girls 一个酒后驾驶的司机撞死了两个女孩儿。 
drunk driving酒驾 
 
Book4  Unit4 
1.statement / ˈsteɪ tmənt / n.[C]陈述；声明 
Read the following statements. 读读下列的陈述。（p25） 
Are the following statements true or false?下面的说法对不对？ 
According to his statement he was in London that day.根据他的陈述，那天他在伦敦。 
a formal/a public/a written/an official statement 正式 / 公开 / 书面 / 官方声明 
A government spokesperson made a statement to the press. 
政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明。 
【拓展】 
state   /steɪt/  vt.  陈述；声明 
Please clearly state your address and telephone number.  
请清楚地报上你的地址和电话号码。 
He stated that he wanted to marry her. 他声明要和她结婚。 
 
2. greet /gri:t/ vt.&vi. 迎接；问候 
There are many different ways to greet someone using words. 
有很多用语言问候别人的不同
的方式。（p25） 
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived. 客人到达时他都热情接待。 
greet sb with sth  和某人打招呼（或问好） 
She greeted us with a smile. 她微笑着向我们打招呼。 
greeting   /ˈgri:tɪŋ/ n.[U,C] 问候；招呼; [复数] 问候的话；贺词 
His greeting was familiar and friendly. 他的问候让人觉得随意又亲切。 
They exchanged greetings. 他们互致问候。 
Christmas/birthday greetings 圣诞/生日祝词 
My mother sends her greetings to you all.我母亲向你们大家问好。 
Season's greetings and best wishes for the New Year.  祝福您,新年快乐。 
 
3.represent / ˌreprɪˈzent / vt. 
①代表（个人，团体，国家或地区） 
Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the 
Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.  
昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。
（p26） 
36 
 
He represented Britain at the Olympics.  他代表英国参加奥运会。 
②体现 
The union represents over 200 000 teachers. 工会代表着20 余万名教师的利益。 
Those comments do not represent the views of us all.这些言论并不是我们所有人的看法。 
③象征；代表 
The flower represents a young girl.鲜花象征着年起女孩。 
Noodles should be uncut, as they represent long life.   
面条不能被切断, 因为他们代表着长寿。 
④展现，描述 
represent sb / oneself as … 描述为 
The king is represented as a cruel man in the play.剧中国王的形象是一个残忍的人。 
Never represent yourself as perfect.  永远不要把自己说得完美无缺. 
 
4.association / əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn / n.[C] 协会；社团；联盟；联系；联想 
student association 学生会 
the Olympic / Football Association 奥林匹克/ 足球协会 
The association between the two companies goes back to the last century.   
这两家公司的往来可以追溯到上个世纪。 
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 
海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。 
have an association with… 和…… 有联系 
They have a close association with a college in the US.他们和美国一所学院保持了密切联系。 
in association with… 和…… 联合 
The film was produced in association with a company.  
这部电影是和一个公司联合拍摄完成的。 
 
5.dormitory / ˈdɔ:mətri / n.[C]宿舍 
We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. 
我们会首先把他们带到宿舍，然后去学生食堂。
（p26） 
 
6.canteen /kæ n'ti:n/ n.(c)食堂 
a school canteen  学校食堂 
 
7.flight / flaɪt / n. 
①[C]航班；班机; 空中航行 
Flight BA 4793 is now boarding at Gate 17. BA 4793
航班现在正在17 号登机口登机。 
If we leave now, I can catch the earlier flight.我们要是现在动身，我就可以赶上早一点的航班。 
a smooth/comfortable flight 平稳 / 舒适的空中航行 
②[U]飞行；飞翔 
flight safety飞行安全 
a bird in flight 飞行中的鸟儿 
Flight is natural to birds.飞翔是鸟类的天性。 
③[C]一段楼梯；一段阶梯 
She fell down a flight of stairs/steps and hurt her back.她从一段楼梯上跌了下来，摔伤了背。 
37 
 
8.curious / ˈkjʊəriəs / adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 
Children are naturally curious.  孩子天生好奇。 
A curious child is a teacher's delight.老师喜欢有求知欲的孩子。 
be curious about  对……好奇 
Always be curious about new things and keep learning.  
永远对新事物抱有好奇心，让学习持续不断。 
She seemed to be curious about what he was doing.  
她似乎对他正在做的感到很好奇。 
be curious to do sth 好奇做某事 
You must be curious to find out how to decorate the Christmas tree.  
你一定很好奇想弄清楚如何装饰你的圣诞树。 
 
9. curiously / 'kjʊərɪəslɪ/ adv.好奇地 
After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting 
area looking around curiously. 在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇
地向四周张望。（p26） 
Curiously, the struggle to survive has greatly improved her health.   
奇怪的是，她拼命求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。 
【拓展】 
curiosity/ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n.  好奇心 
It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到新奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。 
 
10. approach / əˈprəʊtʃ /  
◎vt.&vi. 
①（在距离上）靠近；接近；走近 
Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! 
 托尼走进朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！
（p26） 
As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left. 
快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。 
When I approached, they grew silent.  当我走近时，他们就不说话了。 
②（在时间上）临近；来临；（在数额、水平上）近似；接近于 
Winter is approaching.冬天就要来临。 
Oil prices have approached their highest level for almost ten years...   
石油价格已接近近10 年中的最高水平。 
◎n. [C]（常和介词to 连用） 
①方法；途径 
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline. 
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。 
We will explore different approaches to gathering information.   
我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。 
To children , music activity is a kind of  approach to improving their confidence. 
对孩子来说，音乐活动是一种提高自信心的途径。 
②通路；路径 
38 
 
All the approaches to the village have been blocked. 
通往这个山村的所有通道都被堵住了. 
a new approach road to the port 去港口的一条新路 
③（距离和时间上的）靠近，接近 
She hadn't heard his approach and jumped as the door opened. 
她没有听见他走近的声音，所以门开时吓了一跳。 
the approach of spring 春天的来临 
 
11.cheek /tʃ i:k/ n.（c） 面颊 
They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French 
custom when adults meet people they know. 两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两
下。因为，法国成年人见到熟人通常就是这么做的。(p26) 
He kissed her on both cheeks. 他亲吻了她的双颊。 
 
12. defend / dɪˈfend / vt.  
①防御；保护；保卫 
Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 已派出部队去守卫边疆。 
defend …from/against…保卫...以免受 
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.   
我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 
②辩解；辩白; （为…）辩护 
How can you defend such behaviour? 你怎能为这种行为辩解呢？ 
He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.  
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。 
 
13. defence /dɪˈfens/ n. 
①[U]防御；保护；保卫 
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.  
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。(p26) 
The soldiers died in defence of their country.这些战士为保卫祖国而献身。 
The immune system is our main defence against disease.   
人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障。 
the Department of Defense 国防部 
②[C]辩护；辩词；答辩 
He has insisted on conducting his own defence.  他坚持自己进行辩护。 
③[U]防守；后卫 
I still prefer to play in defence.  我还是更喜欢打防守。 
He cut through the defence to score the winning goal.他突破防守踢进了制胜的一球。 
 
14. major / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /  
◎ adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 
I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.  
我猜想这里可能有个很大的误会。(p26) 
Personally, there are several major reasons. 我个人看来，有几个主要的原因。 
39 
 
The international relationship is a major concern of China.国际关系是中国最关注的一个问题。 
a major road 一条大马路 
◎n. [C]主修课程；专业；主修学生 
Her major is French. 她的专业课是法语。 
She's a French major.她是法语专业的学生。 
◎vi. 主修；专攻 
major in 主修……学科 
She majored in History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。 
 
15. misunderstand / ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd / vt.&vi (misunderstood, misunderstood )误解；误会 
Don't misunderstand me─I am grateful for all you've done. 
别误解我的意思——我对你所做的一切都很感激。 
In my eyes, these students totally misunderstand the true meaning of love.   
我觉得这些人误解了爱的真正意义. 
She felt very alone and misunderstood. 她觉得非常孤独，得不到别人的理解。 
 
16. misunderstanding / ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ / n. [C,U] 误解；误会 
I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. 我猜想这里可能有个很大的误
会。(p26) 
There seems to be a misunderstanding between us.  我们之间好像有些误解。 
Learning cultural differences between people can help you avoid misunderstandings. 
了解人们之间的文化差异有助于避免误会。 
 【拓展】 
understand  / ˌʌndəˈstænd/ vt.&vi (understood, understood ) 理解；了解; 谅解 
understanding  /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. [C,U]理解；了解; 谅解 
（mis 是表示“否定，反义”的前缀。） 
 
17. dash /dæ ʃ /  
◎vt.猛冲；飞奔；马上离开 
When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's 
smiling face. 
当来自法国的达琳?库隆匆忙走进门的时候，她认出了托尼·加西亚微笑的面孔。(p26) 
She dashed in from the garden.  她从花园里猛冲进来。 
 I'm sorry but I have to dash.  很抱歉，我得马上走。 
◎n. [单数] 猛冲；突进；急奔；短跑 
It began to rain and they made a dash for shelter.  
天开始下起了雨，他们跑着想找个避雨的地方。 
When the doors opened, there was a dash for seats. 门一开，人们便朝座位急奔去。 
the 100-meter dash 百米赛跑 
 
18. adult /'æ dʌlt/ 
◎ n. [C]成人；成年人 
They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French 
custom when adults meet people they know. 两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两
40 
 
下。因为，法国成年人见到熟人通常就是这么做的。(p26) 
Children must be accompanied by an adult. 儿童必须要有大人陪同。 
Why can't you two act like civilized adults? 
你们俩为什么就不能像有教养的成年人那样行事呢？ 
◎adj. 成年的；发育成熟的 
I've lived most of my adult life in London.  我成年之后的大部分时间都是在伦敦度过的。 
We were very adult about it. 在这件事上我们表现得很成熟。 
an adult movie 仅供成人观看的电影 
 
19. △simply /'simpli/ adv.简单地；只不过 
Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. 而艾哈迈德?阿齐兹却只是朝女孩们
点了点头。(p26) 
It was simply a question of time. 无非是个时间问题。 
Simply, we request freedom. 我们要求的只不过是自由。 
【拓展】 
simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj.（simpler, simplest）简单的;单纯的 
He ate a simple dinner of rice and beans. 他晚饭简单地吃了点米饭和豆子。 
The love between you and me is simple as a song. 我和你之间的爱，单纯的像一首歌。 
 
20. spoken / ˈspəʊkən / adj.口语的 
unspoken / ˌʌnˈspəʊkən/ adj.未说出口的；非口语的；默契的；心照不宣的 
In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings 
using unspoken "language" through physical distance, actions or posture. 用口头语言交流的同
时，人们还使用不出声的语言--身体间的距离、动作或姿态等，来表达情感。(p26) 
【拓展】 
written | ˈrɪ tn|  adj.书面的；笔头的 
a written test 笔试 
 
21. △ posture / ˈpɒ stʃə(r) / n. [C,U]姿势；体态 
a comfortable/relaxed posture 舒适的 / 轻松的姿势 
Back pains can be the result of bad posture . 腰背疼可能是不良姿势造成的。 
 
22. likely / ˈlaɪkli /  
◎adj.可能的; 有希望的 (反义词unlikely) 
be likely to do sth 可能做… 
However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others 
closely and are more likely to touch them. 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在
离别人很近的地方，而且很可能（用身体）接触对方。 
Unemployment is likely to go on rising this year 今年的失业人数可能会继续上升。 
It is ikely that… 很可能...；有希望... 
I think it is likely that he will arrive tomorrow. 我想他很可能明天到达。 
It is likely that it will clear up tomorrow. 很可能明天天气会转晴。 
◎adv.  可能;或许  
Profit will most likely have risen by about £25 million.利润极可能增加2,500 万英镑左右。 
41 
 
【辨析】likely, possible,和probable 
从可能性大小来看：likely 介于probable 和possible 之间。 
从搭配来看： 
1. likely 用作形容词，用于以下两个句型： 
①sb. / sth be likely to do sth. 
②It’s likely that 从句 
She is likely to win the match. = It’s likely that she will win the match.  
她可能赢得这场比赛。 
2.possible 用于以下两个句型： 
①It’s possible (for sb.) to do sth.  
②It’s possible that 从句. 
It’s possible for him to solve the problem. = It ’s possible that he will solve the problem. 他或许
能解决那个问题。 
3. probable 只用于下列一个句型： 
It’s probable that 从句. 
It’s probable that he will arrive before dusk.  
他很可能黄昏前到达。 
 
23. in general 总的说来；通常（= generally ；generally speaking ） 
In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's 
world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定
能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。(p26) 
In general, boys do better in maths and physics than girls. 
一般而言，男孩比女孩数学和物理学得好。 
 
24. crossroads n. [C] (单复数同形) 十字路口 
At the next crossroads, turn right. 在下一个十字路口向右拐。 
at a/the crossroads （人生或发展）处于关键时刻；在紧要关头 
He has reached a career crossroads .他的事业发展到了一个十字路口。 
 
25. △employee /'empl ɔi'i:/ n. [C]雇员 
A canteen is a small restaurant provided by a school for its students or by a company for its 
employees . 餐厅是学校为学生或者公司为雇员提供的一个小型餐馆。(p27) 
【拓展】 
employer/ ɪmˈplɔɪə(r) / n. [C]  雇主；老板 
employ  /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt.  雇用; 使用，利用 
employment  /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ n. [U]  雇用; 使用; 职业 
 
26. △ frown /fraun/ vi.皱眉；蹙额 
The frowning girl, Wang Jing, picked up her English book and threw it on the floor.  
这个皱眉的女孩，王静，捡起她的英语书扔在了地板上。(p29) 
 
27. △misread / ˌmɪs'ri:d /（misread，misread）vt.读错；误解；对…判断错误 
Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.  
42 
 
当然，身体语言可能会被误读，但是很多手势和动作都具有普遍性。(p30) 
I had completely misread his intentions.   
我完全误解了他的意图. 
【拓展】 
read   /ri:d/ vt.& vi. （read，read） 阅读，朗读; 显示（mis 是表示“否定，反义” 的前缀。） 
    
28. facial / ˈfeɪʃl / adj.面部的 
The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile. 
 最普遍通用的面部表情当然是微笑。(p30) 
Send a recent facial photograph of yourself with your application.   
随同申请寄一张正面近照. 
【拓展】 
face  /feɪs/ n. [C] 脸; 面容; 表面vt.& vi.  面对; 面向；面临 
 
29. function /'fʌŋkʃə n/  
◎n. [C,U] 作用；功能；职能 
Its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. 其作用是表示快乐和安人心境。(p30) 
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.  
心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。 
This design aims for harmony of form and function.这个设计旨在使形式和功能协调一致。 
◎vi. 起作用；正常工作；运转 
Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.  
尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。 
Many children can't function effectively in large classes. 许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。 
 
30. ease /i:z/ 
◎ n. [U] 安逸；舒适  
He passed the exam with ease . 他轻而易举地通过了考试。 
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease. 他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。 
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 
His mind was at ease and he felt confident in the future.  他心情舒畅,对前途很有信心. 
put sb at (their) ease 使舒适；使自在；使不受拘束 
He was nervous at first but her warm welcome soon put him at ease.  
起初他有些紧张，但是她的热情欢迎很快使他放松下来了。 
◎vt.减轻 
This should help ease the pain. 这该有助于减轻痛苦。 
It would ease my mind to know that she was settled. 知道她已安顿下来会使我放心些。 
The pain immediately eased. 疼痛立刻减轻了。 
 
31. truly /'tru:li/ adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地 
It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. 然而微笑并不总是意味着我们是真
的快乐。(p30) 
a truly democratic system of government 真正的民主政体 
Yours Truly（用于正式信函末尾署名前）你忠实的 
43 
 
 
32. false /fɔ:ls/ adj.错误的；假的 
Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. 
世界上的微笑可能是假的，用来掩盖其他情绪，比如生气、害怕或烦恼。(p30) 
A whale is a fish. True or false? 鲸鱼是鱼，对还是错？ 
She gave false information to the insurance company. 她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。 
He used a false name to get the job. 他用假名得到了这份工作。 
false teeth 假牙  
 
33. anger / ˈæŋgə(r) /  
n. [U]怒气；怒火 
He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated. 他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。 
●vt. 使发怒；激怒 
The question clearly angered him. 这个问题显然激怒了他。 
【拓展】 
angry  / ˈæŋgri/ adj.  生气的; 愤怒的 
 
34. lose face 丢脸 
There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone "loses face" and smiles to hide it. 
 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。(p30) 
It is the worst thing for a Chinese to lose face.  对于中国人来说，最糟糕的事莫过于失了面子。 
 
35. turn one's back to 背对；背弃 
In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.  
在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示发怒。(p30) 
One ought never to turn one's back on a threatened danger and try to run away from it. 
一个人绝对不可在遇到危险的威胁时，背过身去试图逃避。 
 
36. fist / [fɪst / n. [C] 拳头 
Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another 
person.把手握紧，朝着别人晃拳头几乎总是意味着愤怒并且威胁别人。(p30) 
He punched me with his fist. 他用拳头猛击我。 
He got into a fist fight in the bar. 他在酒吧与人挥拳斗殴。 
 
37. yawn /jɔ:n/ vi.打呵欠 
Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. 
在多数情况下，把眼光从人们身上移开或者打个哈欠，会使我看上去（对此人或此事）
不感
兴趣。(p30) 
He stood up, stretched and yawned. 他站起身来，伸了个懒腰，打了个哈欠。 
 
38. △ respectful / [rɪˈspektfl / adj.恭敬的 
The onlookers stood at a respectful distance. 旁观者站在一定的距离之外，以示尊敬。 
Children should always be respectful to their elders. 孩子对长辈应该恭敬。 
 
44 
 
39. subjective / [səbˈdʒektɪv / adj.主观的 
Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture.  
根据每一种文化，对人们表示尊重都是带有主观性的。(p30) 
We know that taste in art is a subjective matter. 我们知道艺术品位因人而异。 
【拓展】 
objective / əbˈdʒektɪv / adj. 客观的 
an objective analysis/assessment/report 客观的分析 / 评价 / 报告 
I believe that a journalist should be completely objective. 我认为新闻记者不应当有丝毫偏见。 
I would really like to have your objective opinion on this. 我很想听听你对此事的客观见解。 
 
40. hug /hʌg/  
◎n. [C] 拥抱；搂抱 
But in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.  
但是一般来说，拥抱你的老板或老师很可能是不妥当的。(p30) 
She gave her mother a big hug. 她热烈地拥抱了她的母亲。 
He stopped to receive hugs and kisses from the fans. 他停下来接受追随者的拥抱亲吻。 
◎vt.&vi.拥抱 
She hugged him tightly. 她紧紧地搂住他。 
 
41. rank /ræŋk/  
◎n. [C,U]等级；军衔 
In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.  
几乎在每一种文化里，站得离级别更高的人太近都不太好。(p30) 
She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. 
她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅和在一起。 
He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. 他很快被提升至上尉军阶。 
◎vt. 分等级 
The restaurant ranks among the finest in town. 
这家饭店属于城里最好的。 
rank sb as sth 把…分等级；属于某等级 
She is currently the highest ranked player in the world. 她是目前居全球榜首的运动员。 
Last year, he was ranked second in his age group. 他去年在他的年龄段排名第二。 
 
42. cassette /kɑ:'set/ n.[C] 磁带  
 Then listen to the story on the cassette tape and write down the correct order. 
然后听一听磁带录音并写下正确的顺序。(p31) 
 
                       Book4  Unit5 
1. theme / θ i:m/ n.[C]题目；主题(曲) 
 Can you guess which are parks and which are theme parks? 
你能猜出哪些是公园哪些是主题公园吗？（p33） 
2. central /'sentr əl/ adj.中心的；中央的 
She has been a central figure in the campaign. 她一直是这场运动的主要人物。 
45 
 
the central area of the brain 大脑中枢 
The flat is very central─just five minutes from Princes Street.  
这套公寓位于市中心，去王子街只需要五分钟。 
Central Park 中央公园 
【拓展】 
center  /'sent ə/（= centre）n.  中心；中央；（市镇的）中心区 
 
3. various / ˈveəriəs / adj.不同的；各种各样的 
There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, 
science, cartoons, movies or history. （世界上）有各种各样的主题公园，不同的公园有不同
的主题，但几乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影及历史。(p34) 
She took the job for various reasons.她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。 
There are various ways of doing this.做这一工作的方法有很多。 
【拓展】 
variety   /vəˈraɪəti/ n.  多样; 种类;多样化 
We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。 
a variety of/ varieties of = various各种各样的 
Our city has a variety of / varieties of/ various good shops and supermarkets. 
我们的城市有各种各样不错的店铺和超级市场。 
 
4. cartoon /kɑ:'tu:n/ n.[C] 漫画；动画片 
a Walt Disney cartoon 迪斯尼动画片  
a cartoon character 动画片人物 
 
5. be famous for 以...而闻名 
Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the 
famous sights and sounds of a culture. 有一些主题公园因为有最大或者最长的过山车而闻名，
有些则展示了文化中那些著名的声音和视觉景象。(p34) 
He became internationally famous for his novels.他以小说享誉国际。 
【拓展】 
be famous as 作为…而闻名 
She was more famous as a writer than as a singer. 她作为作家比作为歌手名声要大。 
 
6. △roller coaster n.[C] 过山车 
7. whichever / wɪtʃˈevə(r) / pron.无论哪个；无论哪些（一般用于给出内容或范围的句子） 
Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!  
不论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！(p34) 
As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. 提供
了五门课程，你可以随意选择最适合你的一门。 
Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 
你们当中无论哪个人打破了玻璃都要赔偿。 
8. △pirate / ˈpaɪrət / n.[C] 海盗；盗版 
It will bring you into a magical wo rld and make your dreams come true, whether traveling 
through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon 
46 
 
character. 无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡
通里的人物，迪斯尼会把你带入一个魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变成现实。(p34) 
9. △fairy / ˈfeəri /  tale n.
 
10. fantasy / ˈfæntəsi / n.[C,U]幻想；怪念头 
As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse 
in a parade or on the street. 当你在游乐园漫步时，你可能会在游行队伍中或者街上看到白雪
公主或米老鼠。(p34) 
Once he spoke of his childhood fantasies about becoming a famous football player. 有一次他谈
起他儿时想成为著名足球运动员的幻想。 
 
11. amusement / əˈmju:zmənt / n.[C]&[U]消遣；娱乐;娱乐活动 
amusement park 游乐园 
She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing. 她见他跳舞的姿势，忍俊不禁。 
To my amusement he couldn't get the door open. 使我感到好笑的是，他竟然打不开门。 
【拓展】 
amuse    / əˈmju:z/ vt.  使人发笑；逗乐 
amusing  /əˈmju:zɪŋ/ adj.  有趣的；好玩的；逗人笑的 
amused  /əˈmju:zd/ adj.  被逗笑的；愉快的 
 
12. swing /swiŋ/  
 vi.&vt.摇摆；摆动(swung, swung /swʌŋ/) n.秋千；摇摆 
Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall 
drops. 当然，迪斯尼还有很多颇具刺激性的游乐设施，比如巨大的吊船和可怕的自由落体（设
施）。(p34) 
His arms swung as he walked.他边走边摆着双臂。 
As he pushed her, she swung higher and higher. 随着他推她，她在秋千上越荡越高。 
He sat on the swing, swinging his legs. 他坐在秋千上，晃动着两条腿。 
 
13. attraction /ə'træ kʃə n/ n. [C ,U]有吸引力的事物；吸引 
With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.  
有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。(p34) 
She felt an immediate attraction for him.她对他顿生爱慕。 
The Temple of Heaven is a tourist attraction in Beijing.  天坛是北京的一个观光热点. 
【拓展】 
attract   /əˈtræ kt/ vt.  吸引；引起…的好感（或兴趣） 
attractive   /əˈtræktɪv/ adj.  有魅力的；引人注目的 
14. no wonder (=it's no wonder) 难怪；不足为奇的 
With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.  
有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。(p34) 
--Tom passed the exam yesterday. 汤姆昨天通过了考试。 
--No wonder (It’s no wonder) he looked so happy. 难怪他那么高兴。 
15. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm / n.[U]旅游业 
Tourism is up, jobs are up, so the local people’s income is up.   
旅游火了，工作机会多了，因此当地人的收入涨了。 
47 
 
Over the last few years tourism here has developed quickly.   
在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。 
 
16. wherever /wɛər'evə/ pron. 无论在什么地方；各处 
 Sit wherever you like. 你爱坐在哪儿就坐哪儿。 
Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。 
 
17. unique /ju:'ni:k/ adj.独一无二的；仅有的 
Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique 
theme parks in the world. 位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉中的多莱坞，是世界上最独特的
主题公园之一。(p34) 
Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。 
The koala is unique to Australia. 树袋熊是澳大利亚独有的。 
 
18. carpenter / ˈkɑ:pəntə(r) / n.[C]木匠 
Ask the carpenter to make a cupboard.  请木匠给做个橱柜。 
19. △ craftsman /'krɑ:ftsmən/ n. 匠人；能工巧匠 
People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and 
iron objects in the old-fashioned way. 美国各地的人们来到这里，是为了观看木匠或其他工匠
们用老式的方法制作木制品、玻璃制品和铁制品。(p34) 
 
20. engine / ˈendʒɪn / n.[C] 引擎；发动机 
Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years 
ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USADJ. 还可以
到糖果店品尝一下糖果，这些糖果和150 年前美国南方人制作的一模一样。或者乘一乘蒸汽
火车，这可是在美国东南部依然运转的唯一一辆蒸汽火车。(p34) 
a petrol engine 汽油发动机 
engine trouble 发动机故障 
I switched/turned the engine off.我关掉了发动机。 
【拓展】 
engineer   /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ n.  工程师，技师 
The engineer explained the main points of the technical problem over again.   
工程师把那个技术问题的重点重新讲了一遍。 
20. △bald /bɔ:ld/ adj.秃头的 
He started going bald in his twenties. 他二十几岁便开始谢顶。 
 
21. preserve / prɪˈzɜ:v /  
◎n.保护区 
You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve.  
你甚至可以在世界上最大的秃鹰保护区欣赏到美丽的秃鹰。(p34) 
◎vt. 保护；维护；保留 
We need to preserve the forest.  我们需要保护森林。 
Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力失败了。 
48 
 
This vase has been preserved well. 这个花瓶保存得完好无损。 
【拓展】 
preservation / ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ n.[U] 保护；维护；保存 
building/environmental/food preservation 筑物的保养/环境保护/食物的保藏 
The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.这些绘画保存得非常好。 
 
22. length /leŋθ/ n. [U,C] 长度；长 
It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.  
它因为在最小的空间内拥有最长的长度而闻名于世。(p34) 
This room is twice the length of the kitchen.这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。 
The road is 300 miles in length .这条路长300 英里。 
The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm. 蛇一般长达100 厘米。 
【拓展】 
long  /lɒŋ/ adj.  长的 
The table is six feet long/ in length.那张桌子长六英尺。 
 
23. deed /di:d/ n.[C] 行为；事迹 
If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes 
and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you. 如果你想体验远古时代并且感受
英国骑士、贵妇、王子和王后的高贵举止，那么英国的卡默洛特公园对你而言就再适合不过
了。(p34) 
a brave/good deed  勇敢的行为/善行 
 
24. be modelled after 根据...模仿；仿造 
Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the 
Round Table. 园内所有景区都是按照亚瑟王和圆桌骑士生活的时代复制的。(p34) 
The health care system will be modeled after the British one.  
这个医疗保健系统将模仿英国的。 
 
25. sword /sɔ:d/ n.[C] 剑 
If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to 
visit.如果你想观看剑术或马上格斗，格斗区是一个值得去的好地方。(p34) 
to draw a sword 拔剑；把剑插入鞘 
 
26. tournament / ˈtʊə nəmənt / n.[C] 锦标赛；联赛 
If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. 
如果你在那表现好的话，亚瑟王可能会挑选你参加大型的格斗联赛。(p34) 
a golf/tennis tournament 高尔夫球/网球锦标赛 
 
27. settler /'setl ə/ n.[C] 移民；殖民者 
Early American settlers were great carpenters--- they could build almost anything from wood. 
早期的美国殖民者是伟大的木匠，他们能用木头做出任何东西来。(p34) 
 
28. athletic /æ θ 'letik/ adj.运动的 
49 
 
They have been given college scholarships purely on athletic ability.   
他们完全是凭体育特长才获得了大学奖学金。 
a tall, slim athletic girl 修长健美的姑娘 
an athletic club/coach 运动员俱乐部 / 教练 
【拓展】 
athlete  /ˈæθli:t/ n.  运动员；体育家 
 
29. translator / trænsˈleɪtə(r) / n.[C] 译员；翻译 
He was placed in Xin Hua News Agency as a translator.  他被安排在新华通讯社当翻译. 
His love of languages made him a good translator.   
他对语言的热爱使他成为一个优秀的翻译工作。 
【拓展】 
（1）translate   /trænsˈleɪt/ vt.& vi.  翻译 
He translated the letter into English.他把这封信译成了英文。 
Her books have been translated into 24 languages.她的书被译成了24 种语言。 
（2）translation    /trænsˈleɪʃn/ n.  翻译; 译本 
You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.   
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。 
The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes.  
除却几处小错,翻译练习做得就是很好的了。 
 
30. minority / maɪˈnɒrəti / n.[C] 少数；少数民族  
Look at the names of the minority groups on the right. What do you know about their culture? 看
看右边少数民族的名字.关于他们的文化你了解什么？(p38) 
Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.  
目前，只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。 
The minority nationalities account for six per cent of the population.   
少数民族占人口的百分之六。 
【拓展】 
minor   /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj.  较小的，少数的 
She is known for a number of minor roles in films.  
她因在电影中饰演了一些配角而为人所知。 
major  /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj.  主要的; 重要的 
majority   /məˈdʒɒrəti/n.  多数 
 
31. cloth /klɔ:θ/ n. [U] 布 [C] （一块）布 
woolen/cotton cloth 毛料；棉布料 
the cloth industry/trade 纺织业；布业贸易 
a cloth bag 布袋 
Wipe the surface with a damp cloth. 用湿布擦拭表面 
 
32. △Futuroscope 观测未来 
I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. 在“观测未来”主题公园，我在一天之内就做完了
所有这些事情。(p38) 
50 
 
 
33. jungle /'dʒʌŋgl/ n.[C,U]丛林 
Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. 
 然后我游览了巴西，感受了坠机后在丛林中求生的滋味。(p38) 
Our garden is a complete jungle.我们的花园杂草丛生。 
 
34. △ diver / ˈdaɪvə(r) / n.[C]潜水者; 跳水运动员 
He is a deep sea diver.  他是深海潜水员. 
 
35. creature /'kri:t ʃə / n.[C] 生物；动物; 人 
strange blind creatures 奇怪的失明的生物 
strange creatures from outer space 来自外层空间的怪物 
She's charming, a sweet creature. 她很迷人，是个可人儿。 
【拓展】 
（1）create   /kriˈeɪt/ vt.  创造；创作；产生 
Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. 
科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。 
The main purpose of industry is to create wealth.工业的主要宗旨是创造财富。 
The government plans to create more jobs for young people. 
政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。 
（2）creative  /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj.  创造性的; 创新的 
She's very creative─she writes poetry and paints. 她极富创造力，既赋诗又作画。 
Like so many creative people he was never satisfied.   
像许多富于创造力的人一样，他从不满足。 
creative thinking创造性思维 
 
36. sunlight /'sʌnlait/ n.[U] 阳光 
After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind 
creatures that have never seen sunlight. 随后，我跟着一些潜水者潜入海底观看从未见过阳光
的奇怪的失明的生物。(p38) 
a ray of sunlight一束阳光 
The morning sunlight flooded into the room. 早晨的阳光泻入房间。 
 
37. advance / ədˈvɑ:ns / 
◎n.  [C,U] 前进；进步；改进 
recent advances in medical science 医学的最新进展 
We live in an age of rapid technological advance. 我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。 
This could be an advance on the present situation.  这样可能会改善当前状况。 
in advance 提前 
It's cheaper if you book the tickets in advance. 预订票要便宜一些。 
◎v. 
① vi.（为了进攻、威胁等）前进；行进 
They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall. 夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20 英里。 
② vi.&vt.（知识、技术等）发展；进步 
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