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人教版高中英语必修一词汇表(1-5单元)(含教材例句及用法讲解)
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人教版高中英语必修一词汇表（1-5 单元）（含教材例句及用法讲解）
本词汇表主要特色：
1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。
2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。
3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。
4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。
5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。
Book1 Unit1
1. △ survey
◎/'s ə:veɪ / n．[C] 调查；测验
Do the following survey．做以下调查。（P1）
do/conduct/carry out a survey 进行调查
We had better make a survey of the market. 我们最好做个市场调查。
A recent survey shows that most of the students love football courses.
最近的调查显示，大多数学生喜欢足球课。
◎/sə'veɪ / vt. 做（民意）调查
lt was surveyed that 45 percent of people supported Donald Trump last month．据调查， 上个
月45%的人支持唐纳德·特朗普。
Half of the people surveyed in 16 countries said they go first to their closest friend to share their
feelings. 在16 个国家里，被调查的那些人中有一半说，他们首先找他们最亲近的朋友诉说
自己的情感。
2. add up
合计，加起来
Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的得分加起来，看着你得了多少分。
（P1）
【辨析】add, add up, add up to, add to 和add…to
1.add vt. 增加；补充说
The fire is going out, could you add some wood?
火要灭了，你能加些木头吗？
He added that they would return soon. 他补充说他们很快就回来。
2.add up 合计，加起来
Add up the expenses, and see if we could afford it.
把费用加起来，看看我们能否负担得起。
3.add up to 总共是，总计为（后多跟合计起来的数目）
My income adds up to 6000 yuan a month.
我的收入每月共计6000 元。
His education added up to no more than one year.
他只接受了一年的教育。
4.add to 增加（= increase, 宾语多为difficulty，pleasure，trouble 等抽象名词）
The engine of the bus was out of order, and the bad weather added to the worries of the
passengers. 公交车的引擎出了问题，糟糕的天气增加了乘客的担心。
The boss said that the financial crisis added to the difficulty.
2
老板说金融危机增加了困难。
5.add…to 把……加到……里/上（add 为及物动词）
lf you find the coffee too strong, add some water to it．如果你觉得咖啡太浓，就往里面添点水。
Two added to three is/makes five. = Two plus three is/ makes five. 2 加3 等于5
3.upset / ʌp'set/
◎adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
Your friend comes to school very upset．你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。（P1）
be/feel upset about sth ．为……心烦意乱/难过
He felt upset about losing the money. 丢了钱，他感到难过
I was greatly upset about the news．听到那个消息，我感到很难过。
◎vt. (upset, upset, upsetting)
①使不安；使心烦
It upsets us that she is always complaining．让我们心烦的是她总是在抱怨。
upset one's stomach 使某人的肠胃不适
Eating fish sometimes upsets my stomach．吃鱼有时让我的胃不舒服。
②打翻；打乱
He stood up suddenly, upsetting the soup．他突然站起来，结果把汤打翻了。
The sudden change of the weather upset our plan. 天气的突变打乱了我们的计划。
4.ignore
/ ɪɡ 'n ɔ:/ vt. 不理睬；忽视
She will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm him down. 你会不顾铃声，去个安静的
地方让你的朋友平静下来。（P1）
The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore him.
对付无理的人的最好办法是不理睬他。
I said hello to him, but he ignored me completely．我向他问好，但是他完全不理我。
Ignoring the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you
make. 忽视了这两个研究发现之间的差异是你犯的最严重的错误。
ignore traffic rules / one's advice 忽视交通规则/某人的建议
【拓展】
（1）ignorant /ˈɪgnərənt/ adj. 无知的；愚昧的
Never make your students feel ignorant.
千万别让你的学生感到自己一无所知。
be ignorant of/about sth ． 对……无知, 不知道
He is ignorant of/about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。
（2）ignorance /ˈɪgnərəns/ n．无知；愚昧
ignorance of/about sth ． 对……无知, 不知道
There is so much ignorance of/about mental illness.
人们对精神疾病很不了解。
in ignorance of sth．不知道某事
He is in ignorance of his serious illness now. 他现在不知道自己严重的病情。
out of ignorance 出于无知
Children often behave badly out of ignorance. 儿童往往出于无知而不守规矩。
6. calm
/k ɑ:m/
3
◎vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定
calm sb．/sth. down 使……平静、安静或镇定下来
He took a deep breath to calm himself down．他深吸了一口气使自己平静下来。
calm down 平静；安静；镇定
After I calmed down, I played the piano better．我镇定下来后，钢琴弹得好多了。
◎adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm．天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。
keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇静
He can always keep calm, whatever happens．不论发生什么事情，他总能保持镇静。
【辨析】calm, quiet, still 和silent
1.calm （人）情绪镇静的；（天气，海洋等）平静的
He remained calm in the face of danger and led all the people to a safe place. 面对危险，他保持
镇静，把所有人带到了安全的地方。
The weather was fine and the lake was calm. 天气很好，湖面很平静。
2.quiet 安静的（强调既没有动作，也没有声音）
Keep quiet! Father is sleeping. 保持安静! 爸爸在睡觉。
3.still静止不动的（强调没有动作）
Keep still while I take photos of you.我给你照相时你不要动。
4.silent 沉默的（强调没有声音）
Later he kept silent over his brave behavior.后来他对自己的勇敢行为保持沉默。
7.have got to
不得不；必须
You will tell your friend that you've got to go to class. 你会告诉你的朋友你得去上课。（P1）
【辨析】have got to 和 have to
① 用于肯定句时用法相同。
My parents never remember my telephone number, and always have( got) to look it up.
我父母从来记不住我的电话号码，总是不得不查阅它。
②用于疑问句和否定句时，形式不同。
have got to 的否定形式是haven't got to ，而have to 的否定形式是don’t have to；have got to
的疑问句形式，直接将have 提前，而have to 的疑问句形式，要借助于助动词do 的形式。
He hasn’t got to work tomorrow. = He doesn't have to work tomorrow．他明天不用上班了。
Have you got to go there now? =Do you have to go there now? 你现在必须去那里吗?
8. concern
/k ən's ɜ:n/
◎ vt.
①（使）担忧；（使）关心
The boy's poor performance at school concerned his parents.
这个男孩在学校很差的表现使他父母很担心。
②涉及；关系到
Don’t interfere in what doesn ’t concern you. 别管与自己无关的事。
concern oneself with / in / about sth. 关心某事 / 参与某事
She concerns herself with social welfare. 她从事社会福利工作。
4
◎ n.
① [U] 关心；挂念；担心；忧虑
Thank you for your concern. 谢谢你的关心。
concern about/for/over 对……的关注（关心、担心）
More TV programs will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety.
为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。
Now more and more people show much concern for our environment.
现在越来越多的人关心我们的环境。
There is growing concern about the effects of pollution on health.
对于影响健康的污染的关注越来越强烈。
② [C] 关心的事
What are your main concerns as a golf player? 作为一个高尔夫球员，你最关心的是什么？
Whether they are interested is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
学生在
选择专业时，是否感兴趣是他们最关心的事。
【拓展】
（1）concerned /kənˈsɜ:nd/ adj. 担心的；有关的
be concerned about … 关心； 担心
You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and
talk then. 你会告诉你的朋友你很担心他/她，下课后你们会见面交谈。（P1）
Now people are concerned about cell phone addiction. 现在人们担心手机依赖。
be concerned with… 涉及……，与……相关
We could not prove he was concerned with the crime, so we had to release him.
我们无法证明他与此罪行有关, 因此不得不释放了他.
as far as sb．is concerned 就……而言
As far as I am concerned, educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned
with the healthy growth of children.在我看来，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问
题。
（2）concerning /kənˈsɜ:nɪŋ/ prep ．涉及，关于
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个关于公司未来的
问题。
9.walk the dog
遛狗
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 你遛狗的时候，
不小心让它挣脱了绳子，并且被一辆汽车撞了。 （P1）
While walking the dog = While you were walking the dog。
有些时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致（或从句的主语
是it），且从句的谓语动词又包含be 动词时，那么从句中的“主语+be”部分可以省略。
The machine is of no use unless (it is) repaired. 这台机器如不修理便毫无用处。
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。
Come tomorrow if (it is )possible.有可能的话明天来。
10. loose /lu:s/
adj. 松的；松开的；不坚固的；宽松的
5
One of the tigers broke loose from the cage. 一只老虎从笼子里跑掉了。
I have got a loose tooth．我有一颗牙齿松动了。
She wears a long and loose coat today. 她今天穿着一件长而宽松的大衣。
11. △ vet /vet/
n. 兽医
You will take the dog to the vet and pay the bill yourself.
你会带狗去看兽医并自己付账。（P1）
12.go through
经历；经受
①经历，经受（苦难等）（= experience）
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are
going through? 或者你担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，不理解你目前的处境呢？（P2）
However, she knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family. 然而她知
道她必须和她的家人经历所有的困难。
②浏览，仔细检查
I always start the day by going through my email. 我每天第一件事就是看电子邮件。
I went through all my pockets but I couldn’t find my wallet. 所有的袋子我都找遍，就是找不到
我的皮夹。
③经过，穿过
Go through the gate and you will get there. 穿过大门你就会到达那里。
13. set down
①记下，写下（= write down）
I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do． 我不愿像大多数人那样
在日记中记下一系列的事实（记流水账）。（P2）
1 wanted to set down my feelings．我想把我的感想写下来。
②放下（= put down）
They set the piano down carefully on the floor.他们把钢琴小心地放到地上。
Set the heavy bag down to have a rest．把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿吧。
14. series
/'s ɪə ri:z/ n. 连续；系列 (单复数同形)
Every night he sat on the sofa, watching the TV series．每天晚上他都坐在沙发上看电视连续剧。
a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
a series of facts 一系列的事实
At the end of every term, the students have to take part in a series of exams.每到期
末，学生们都不得不参加一连串的考试。
I bought a series of Harry Potter. 我买了一套《哈利·波特》丛书。
15. outdoors
/a ʊtˈdɔ :z/ adv.
在户外；在野外（反义词为indoors）
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy
about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对
一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。（P2）
【拓展】
outdoor / ˈaʊtdɔ:(r)/ adj. 户外的； 野外的（反义词为indoor）
6
an outdoor sport/game 户外运动 indoor flowers 室内花卉
16. on purpose
故意地（= by design）
For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven
in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意
熬到晚上11 点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。
（P2）
Sorry, I didn’t break the plate on purpose. 对不起，我不是故意打碎盘子的。
【拓展】
by accident/chance 偶然地
I met her by accident/chance. 我遇到她完全是偶然的。
17. in order to
以便…， 为了…
For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven
in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意
熬到晚上11 点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。
（P2）
【用法】
①“in order to+动词原形”在句中作目的状语，可放在句首或句中，相当于“动词不定式to+
动词原形”， 作目的状语。否定形式是“in order not to+动词原形”。
She arrived early in order to /to get a good seat.
= In order to /To get a good seat, she arrived early.
她到得很早,是为了占个好位置.
②“in order to+动词原形”放在句首时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary. (正确)
To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed. (错误)（不定式的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语
不一致）
【辨析】
in order to, so as to, in order that 和so that
①in order to 和so as to 都表示“以便，为了”，后接动词原形，作目的状语。放在句中时
两者可以互换，但放在句首时，只能用 in order to。
He decided to study harder in order to/so as to catch up with the others.
In order to catch up with the others he decided to study harder.
他决定更加努力地学习，以便赶上其他人。
②in order that 和so that 都表示“以便为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动
词can, may, could, might 等，当主句和从句的主语一致时，in order that/so that
也可以和in
order to/so as to 互换。
He decided to study harder in order that/so that he could catch up with the others.
= He decided to study harder in order to/so as to catch up with the others.
他决定更加努力地学习，以便赶上其他人。
18.dusk
/d ʌsk/ n. 黄昏；傍晚
at dusk 在黄昏时刻
Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.
还有一次，就在五个月前的一个傍晚，窗户是开着的那时我碰巧在楼上。
（P2）
7
When the street lights go on at dusk, they make a beautiful picture, so different from the daytime.
当街灯在黄昏时刻亮起时，构成了一幅美丽的画面，和白天时的景象大不相同。
【拓展】
at dawn/ daybreak/ noon/dusk/night/midnight 在黎明/破晓/正午/黄昏/夜晚/午夜
19. thunder
/'θʌ nd ə /
◎vi. 打雷；雷鸣
The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。
（P2）
It was thundering and lightning. 雷电交加。
◎n. 雷；雷声
We see the lightning before we hear the thunder.
我们先看见闪电，后听到雷声。
【拓展】thunderstorm n. 雷暴
20. entire
/ ɪn'ta ɪə / adj. 整个的；全部的（仅用于名词前）
the entire staff 所有职员
We spent the entire afternoon chatting. 我们整个下午都在聊天。
entirely
/ ɪn'ta ɪə lɪ/ adv. 完全地；彻底地
Although Tim and Mike came from entirely different background, they became close friends.
尽管蒂姆和迈克来自完全不同的背景，他们成了亲密的朋友。
He devoted himself entirely to his research. 他全身心地投入到了研究中。
21. power /pa ʊə / n.
①[U] 力量；威力
The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。
（P2）
As is known to us，knowledge is power. 众所周知，知识就是力量。
②[C,U] 能力；本领
After the accident, he lost the power of speech. 那次事故之后，他失去了说话的能力。
It is beyond my power to finish the task in two hours．两个小时之内完成这项工作超
出了我的能力。
③ [C,U] 职权；权利
The police have been given special powers to help them in the fight against terrorism.
警察被授予特殊权利以帮助他们同恐怖主义作斗争。
I am sorry it's beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. 很抱歉这个项目我没有
权利做最后的决定。
④[U] 政权
He's been in power for eight years．他当权已有8 年了。
The Republican Party came to power in 2016. 美国共和党是在2016 年上台执政的。
⑤[U] 能源动力；电力
We can use the power of the wind to make electricity．我们可以使用风力来发电。
nuclear/wind/solar power 核能/风能/太阳能
8
power cut/failure 断电/停电
【拓展】
powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的；很有效的
His grandfather once was a rich and powerful man.
他的爷爷曾经是一个有钱有势的人。
You're a powerful man — people will listen to you.
你是有影响力的人，大家会听你的。
China is wealthier and more powerful than ever before.
中国比以往任何时候都更加富有和强大。
22. face to face
面对面地
…it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
…… 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
His wish was to meet his favorite film star face to face.
他的愿望是能面对面地见到他最喜爱的影星。
【拓展】
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 heart to heart 坦诚地 back to back 背对背
arm in arm 臂挽臂 hand in hand 手牵手
side by side 肩并肩 step by step 逐步地
【辨析】
face to face 和face-to-face
1.face to face 意为“面对面地”，常用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。
They had a talk face to face at the meeting.
他们在会上面对面地交谈。
2.face-to-face 意为“面对面的”，是复合形容词，常用来修饰名词，作定语。
They had a face-to-face talk at the meeting.
他们在会上进行了一次面对面的交谈。
23. curtain n
．[C] /'k ɜ:tn/ 窗帘；门帘；幕布
I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。
（P2）
Please draw the curtains; the sunlight is too bright. 请拉上窗帘；阳光太明亮了。
24.dusty
/'d ʌst ɪ/ adj. 积满灰尘的
I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。
（P2）
The old man lives in a dirty and dusty room.
这个老人住在一间脏兮兮且布满灰尘的房间里。
【 拓展】
dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘；尘土（名词+ y构成形容词）
The books were all covered with dust.书上积满了灰尘。
A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.卡车开过时扬起一片尘土。
25. no longer / not … any longer
不再……
9
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be
experienced. 只能隔着窗户看大自然不再有乐趣，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。
（P2）
Why did Anne no longer just like looking at nature out of the window? 为什么安妮不再仅仅喜
欢去看窗户外面的大自然了呢？（P3）
【用法】
no longer 通常位于实义动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。强调时间上“不再”
，
表示状态不再延续，多修饰延续性动词，如wait，live，work 等。如果用not 否定谓语时，
则用any longer，而且any longer 要放在句末。
Tom no longer works here.= Tom doesn't work here any longer.汤姆不再在这儿工作了。
I'm no longer a student．=I'm not a student any longer．我不再是学生了。
26.partner
/'p ɑ:tnə/
n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
With a partner brainstorm some adjectives to describe her feelings.
和搭档想出一些形容词来描述她的感受。
（P3）
"Changing Partners" , a pop song in the 1950s, is now still loved by many people.
“交换舞伴”是二十世纪五十年代的一首流行歌曲，现在仍然被人们所喜爱。
a marriage partner 配偶
27.settle
/'setl/
① vt. & vi. （使）定居；（使）安定；（使）平静
She found it difficulty to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was
concerned about whether they would be discovered. 她发现在藏身处安顿并平静下来很难，因
为她担心他们是否被发现。（P4）
They settled in North America in the sixteenth century. 他们于16 世纪在北美洲定居。
settle down 定居；安顿下来；安静下来
Parents would like to see their children settle down, get married, and have kids. 父母想看到孩子
安顿下来，结婚生子。
The teacher told the students to settle down and study the text ．
老师让学生们安静下来,学习课文。
settle down to (doing) sth．专心做某事（to 是介词）
Having settled in the beautiful mountainous village, he settled down to his research．在美
丽的山村安顿下来后，他专心进行他的研究。
②vt.安排；解决
settle a quarrel/a dispute/differences 解决纷争/争端/分歧
They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他们以友好的方式解决了纷争。
We can settle /solve the problem easily. 这个问题很容易解决。
【拓展】
（1）settler / ˈsetlə(r)/ n．殖民者；移民；定居者
This restaurant is owned by an Italian settler.
这家餐馆由一位意大利移民所有。
（2）settlement / ˈsetlmənt|/ n ．定居点；协议；解决
The village is a settlement of just fifty houses. 这个村子里只住了 50 户人。
They have reached a settlement over new working conditions.
10
他们就新的工作条件已经达成协议。
28.suffer
/'s ʌfə/
①vt.遭受；忍受 ；经历
suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries 承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
Having suffered a heavy pollution, it may be too late to clear the river.
河流受到严重污染后，要清理它已经为时已晚了。
②vi. 遭受痛苦；受损害
At least he died suddenly and didn’t suffer.
起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。
suffer from 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
她深受孤独之苦，但在那里她不得不学会喜欢这种孤独。
（P4）
All children will suffer from separation from their parents .
所有的孩子和他们的父母分开后往往都会难过。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
【拓展】
（1）sufferer /ˈsʌfərə(r)/ n．受苦者；受难者；患病者
This new cancer treatment offers hope to many sufferers.
这新的癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。
（2）suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ n.[C,U] 痛苦；苦难
We must bring suffering and hunger to an end in the world.
我们必须结束世界上的苦难和饥饿。
A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.
害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。
29. △ lonel iness
/'l əʊ nlɪn ɪs/ n. 孤单；寂寞
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
她深受孤独之苦，但在那里她不得不学会喜欢这种孤独。
（P4）
【拓展】
lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的；荒僻的
alone / əˈləʊn/ adj. 独自地
He lives alone in a lonely village, but doesn’t feel lonely.
他独自住在偏僻的村里，但并不感到孤独。
30.highway
/'ha ɪwe ɪ/ n. 公路；大路
When the man saw the car accident on the highway, he stopped in order to offer help.
当这个男人看到公路上的车祸时，他停下来帮忙。
（P4）
31.recover
/r ɪ 'kʌvə/
①vi. 痊愈；恢复（健康/常态）
With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.在我的精心照料下，我妈妈很快就康复了。
The global economy is beginning to recover. 全球经济开始复苏了。
recover from 从……中恢复过来
11
How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty?
在这么一间落满灰尘的脏屋子里，琳达怎能痊愈呢？（P4）
②vt. 恢复(视力,知觉等）；重新获得（某物）
She didn't see anything suddenly but quickly recovered her sight．她突然什么都看不见
了，但很快恢复了视力。
He lost his new bike, but he recovered it in the school．他丢了新自行车，但又在学校找到了。
【拓展】
recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n．[U,C] 恢复；痊愈
The economy is showing signs of recovery.
经济呈现出复苏的迹象。
make a quick/slow recovery恢复很快／缓慢
make a full recovery完全康复
To our joy, the boy made a quick recovery after the operation. 令我们高兴的是，这个男孩很快
从手术中康复了。
32.get/be tired of
对……厌烦
“I've got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.” Anne said to her
father.“我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然。
”安妮对父亲说。
（P5）
Many people are tired of the city life now. 现在很多人厌倦了城市的生活。
His mother is tired of living abroad. 他妈妈厌倦了住在国外。
【拓展】
get/be tired with/from( doing) sth ．因（做）……而疲倦（身体上）
You must be tired with/from that long walk. 走了那么长的一段路，你一定累了。
33.pack
/pæ k/
◎vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；把……打包/装箱
The workers packed the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.
工人们把玻璃杯打包装箱，并给每个箱子上贴上“此面朝上”的标签。
pack (sth) up 将（东西）装箱打包
I need to pack up my things into the suitcase very quickly. 我需要快速把这些东西放到手提箱
里。（P5）
◎n. 小包；包裹
Give me my pack. 把包给我。
a pack of cigarettes/clothes 一包香烟/衣服
34. suitcase
/'su:tke
ɪs/ n. 手提箱；衣箱
I need to pack up my things into the suitcase very quickly. 我需要快速把这些东西放到手提箱
里。（P5）
35.overcoat
/' əʊ və kəʊ t/ n. 大衣；外套
Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat.
玛格问她在大衣下面还藏了什么东西。（P5）
36.teenager
/'ti:n eɪ dʒə / n. 十几岁的青少年
12
Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang
will say. 读这封丽萨写给Radio for Teenagers的王小姐的信，并预测王小姐会说什么。 （P6）
37.get along with
与……相处；进展
I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. 我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好。（P6）
【用法】
①get along with 中的along 可换成on，后接sb.时表示“与……相处”，后接sth．时表示“某
事进展……”。
I found it hard to get along /on with other boys. 我发现很难与其他男孩相处。
②get along with 可以用副词well，nicely，badly 等来修饰，不可以用good 修饰。
He gets along/ on very badly with his parents．他和父母相处不好。
③get along with 在特殊疑问句中常与how 连用，且不能再出现well，nicely，badly 等
副词。
How are you getting along/on with your study?你的学习怎么样？
④如果不涉及具体内容，with 以及后面的内容可去掉。
How are you getting on/along? 你近况如何？
She and her sister have never really got on．她与妹妹一直合不来。
38. △ goss ip /' ɡɒ sɪ p/
◎vi. 说闲话, 闲聊
But other students have started gossiping. 可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来。（P6）
The whole town was gossiping about them. 全镇的人都在议论他们。
I can’t sit here gossiping all day. 我不能整天坐在这里闲聊吧。
◎n. 闲话；闲谈
He likes having a gossip with his friends.
他喜欢和朋友闲聊。
39.fall in love
相爱；爱上
They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. 他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱。（P6）
fall in love with sb．/ sth ． 爱上某人/某物
ln the film, a beautiful girl fell in love with a beast．在这部影片中，美女爱上了野兽。
【辨析】
fall in love with sb．/ sth ．和be in love with sb．/ sth．
1.fall in love with sb．/ sth．强调动作，是结束性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
They fell in love with each other last year.
他们去年相爱的。
2.be in love with sb．/ sth．强调状态，是延续性动词，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
They have been in love with each other for ten years. 他们相爱十年了。
40.exactly
/ ɪɡ 'zæ ktl ɪ/ adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地
After hearing the advice given by the boss, he said, “Exactly, we agree.”
听完老板提出的建议，他说：“确实如此，我们同意。”
exactly speaking严格地说，确切地说(=to be exact)
Exactly speaking, I can't remember what she said．确切地说，我不记得她说了什么。
13
not exactly（纠正对方刚说过的话）不完全
--So you gave her your Walkman?那么你把随身听给她了？
--Not exactly．I lent it to her．不完全是。我借给她了。
【拓展】
exact /ɪgˈzækt|/ adj. 精确的，准确的
We need to know the exact time the accident happened. 我们需要知道事故发生的准确时间。
She gave an exact description of the accident. 她对事故作了精确的描述。
to be exact 准确地说
It was at seven fifty, to be exact. I happened to be passing by at that time.
准确地说，是七点五十分。我碰巧在那个时间正路过那里。
41.disagree
/ d ɪs ə'ɡr i:/ vi.
①不同意；有分歧
I disagree. 我不同意。（P6）
disagree with sb．( on/about/over sth ．)（就某事）与某人意见不合
They failed to reach a settlement, because they disagreed too much with each other.
因为他们意见太不合，所以他们没能达成解决问题的一致意见。
disagree with what sb. says/one’s opinion 不同意某人的话/某人的看法
His expression suggested he disagreed with my opinion．他的表情表明他不同意我的看法。
②不符；不一致；不合适。
disagree with sth．与某事物不符/不一致
What he said disagreed with what he did．他言行不一。
disagree with sb.（食物，气候等）对某人不适合；使不舒服
Seafood disagrees with me. 我一吃海鲜就不舒服。
The climate here disagrees with me. 这里的气候不适合我。
【拓展】
（1）agree / əˈgri:/ vi. 同意；相符；一致
—Measures must be taken to stop air pollution. 必须采取措施阻止空气污染。
--- I couldn’t agree more. 我非常赞同。
agree with 同意（某人或某人的看法、观点等）
；（食物，气候等）对某人适合；与……一致
To tell the truth, I don't agree with you/your opinion.
说真的，我不同意你的意见。
I agree with what you say. 我同意你说的。
You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.
你看上去很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定很适合你。
The verb of this sentence does not agree with its subject.
这个句子的动词和它的主语不一致。
agree to 同意（计划、安排、建议等）
He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。
agree on 双方一致同意某事，就某事达成共识
Both sides agreed on the price. 双方就价格达成了一致意见。
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我们去。
（2）agreement n. 同意；一致
14
An agreement was finally reached between management and employees.
劳资双方终于达成了协议。
（3）disagreement n. 分歧；不符
I hope this disagreement does not divide us.
我希望意见不同不至于使我们分道扬镳.
42.grateful
/' ɡreɪtf l/ adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。（P7）
be grateful to sb．for sth. 因某事而感激某人
I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.
我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
I’m so grateful to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。
be grateful to do sth 因做某事而感激
She seems to think I should be grateful to have a job.
她似乎认为我有份工作就该谢天谢地了。
43.dislike
/d ɪs'la ɪ k/
◎ n. 不喜欢；厌恶
To ask people their likes and dislikes 询问人们的好恶 （P7）
Make a list of all your likes and dislikes. 把所有的好恶列一个清单。
◎vt. 不喜欢；厌恶
I enjoy learning English, but I dislike remembering new words.我喜欢学英语，但不喜欢记生词。
【拓展】
like vt. 喜欢 ---- dislike不喜欢
like prep.像----unlike 不像
Unlike many actors, he never likes being famous . 和许多演员不同的是，他从不喜欢出名。
44.join in
参加；加入
You should join in discussions and show interest in other people ’s ideas. 你应该参加讨论并且
对其他人的观点表示感兴趣。（P7）
join in参加活动
join sb．in (doing) sth．加入某人一起做某事
Will you join us in playing football now? 现在和我们一起踢足球，好吗？
【辨析】join和join in
1.join 表示“加入到某人或某个组织中，成为其中的一员。
”
She wants to join the army. 她想参军。
He joined our club last year. 他去年加入了我们的俱乐部。
2.join in 表示“参加一些活动。”
I am glad to join in the game. 我很高兴参加这个游戏。
45.tip
/t ɪ p/
◎ n.[C]
15
①建议；忠告；提示；技巧
Here are some tips to help you. 这些建议会对你有所帮助。（P7）
He gave me some tips on how to take good pictures.
就如何拍好照片，他给了我一些建议。
②尖；尖端
The tip of his nose was red. 他的鼻尖是红的。
the tip of the pen 钢笔尖
③小费
He gave the waiter a 10% tip. 他给了服务员10%的小费。
◎vi. & vt.倾斜；翻倒
The boat tipped to one side. 船向一边倾斜。
He tipped some water into a bowl. 他往碗里倒了一些水。
46. △ secondly
/'sekə ndl ɪ/ adv. 第二；其次
Secondly, you could / can … 第二，你可以……（P7）
Firstly, we haven't enough money, and secondly we’re too busy.
首先我们的钱不够，其次我们没时间。
47.swap
/sw ɒp/ vt. 交换
Swap your letter with your partner and look at his work and help to improve it.
和你的搭档交换书信，看看他的作业并帮助改正。
（P7）
Can you swap seats with Joan? 你能和琼换换座位吗？
48.item
/'a ɪtəm/ n. 项目；条款
a new grammar item 一个新的语法项目 （P8）
We saved over ten thousand yuan on this item alone.
仅此一项，我们便节余了一万余元。
Book1 Unit2
1. △ subway /'sʌ bwe ɪ / n. 地下人行道；< 美> 地铁（=underground）
2.elevator
/'el ɪve ɪtə/ n. 电梯；升降机 (=lift)
3.petrol
/'petr əl/ n. < 英> 汽油（=<美>gasoline/gas）
4.gas
/ ɡæs/
n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气
5.official
/ ə 'fɪʃ l/
◎adj. 官方的；正式的; 公务的
16
With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language 和你的搭档，列举出
把英语用作官方语言的国家。 （P9）
The President made a four-day official visit to Mexico.
总统到墨西哥进行了为期四天的正式访问。
◎n. （政府）官员；公务员
His grandfather is an officer in the army while his father is an official in the government.
他的爷爷是部队军官，而他的爸爸是政府官员。
【拓展】
officially adv. 官方地；正式地
The college is not an officially recognized English language school.
那所学院不是官方认可的英语学校。
【高考链接】
The title will be ____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
（2016 全国卷I 语法填空）
答案：officially 句意：在伦敦举行的一个仪式上，这个头衔将正式授予给我。修饰动词用
副词形式。
6. voyage
/'v ɔɪɪ dʒ/ n. 航行；航海；航天
Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world
and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，正因如此，世界的
其他地方的人们也开始说英语了。（P9）
The ship sank on its long voyage . 在漫长的航行过程中，轮船下沉了。
They planned to go a voyage to the moon. 他们计划登月。
7. △ conquer
/'kɒŋkə
/ vt. 征服；占领
There is always one thing to conquer another .
一物降一 物。
8. beca ʊse of 因为；由于
Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world
and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，结果世界的其他地
方的人们也开始说英语了。（P9）
【辨析】because of 和because
1.because of 为介词短语，后接名词，代词，动名词或引导的宾语从句。
Because of missing the last bus, we had to walk home.由于错过了末班车，我们只好步行回家。
She left angrily because of what I said.因为我说的话，她气愤地离开了。
2.because 为连词，后接原因状语从句。
Because we missed the last bus, we had to walk home.由于错过了末班车，我们只好步行回家。
The open-air celebration has been put off because the weather was bad.
= The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，户外庆典被推迟了。
17
9.native
/'ne ɪ tɪv/
◎adj. 本国的；本地的
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of
English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。
（P10）
China is our native country, and Chinese is our native language.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
be native to... 原产于某地
The panda is native to China. 大熊猫产于中国。
◎n. 本地人；本国人
a native of 当地人/产于……的动/植物
He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。
10. come up
①走近；走上来
Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment. 好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。（P10）
The little boy came up to the policeman to ask for help. 小男孩向警察走去，寻求帮助。
② 被提出，被谈到
Many questions came up at the meeting. 许多问题在会议上被提出来了。
come up with （人）提出……
They came up with many questions at the meeting. 他们在会上提出了很多问题。
③上升，升起
It was six, and the sun was just coming up.
时间是六点，太阳刚刚升起。
④靠近，即将发生
Danny, I heard your birthday is coming up.丹妮，我听说你快过生日了。
11. apartment
/ ə'p ɑ:tmənt/
n. < 美> 公寓住宅；单元住宅（=flat ）
Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment. 好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。（P10）
Even though the company is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to arrive on
time. 尽管公司靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时到达的话，还是必须快点。
12. actually
/'æ kt ʃʊə lɪ/ adv. 实际上；事实上（=in actual fact
）
Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。
（P10）
－Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students?
你认为和自己的学生做朋友好吗?
－Actually, I do. I think it’s a great idea.
事实上，我认为是个很棒的主意。
13.base
/be ɪs/
◎ vt. 以……为根据；以……为基础
18
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多的是以德
语为基础的，不像我们现在说的英语。（P10）
base… on/upon
be based on/upon 以……为基础；以……为根据
My opinion is based on facts.
我的看法是以事实为根据的。
His uncle is going to make a film based on his story in his childhood.
我的叔叔打算拍一部以他的童年故事为基础的电影。
Based on a true story, the film deeply moved us.
以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深打动了我们。
◎n. 基部；基地；基础
the economic base 经济基础
Plants are the base of the food chain.植物处于食物链的最底层。
14. at present
现在；目前（=at the present time=now
）
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多的是以德
语为基础的，不像我们现在说的英语。（P10）
The world market price of coal is relatively low at present, but it is certain to change in the future.
目前世界煤炭的市场价格相对较低，将来一定会变化的。
15.gradual
/' ɡrædʒʊəl/
adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
There has been a gradual change in climate. 气候有了逐渐的变化。
There has been a gradual increase in the number of people owning cars. 拥有汽车的人数在逐渐
增加。
gradually
/'græ d ʒʊə lɪ/ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those
who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.
后来，大约在公元800 年至1150 年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的
那些人开始是说丹麦语，后来说法语。（P10）
The girl used to be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work and is more willing to express
herself. 那个女孩过去很害羞，但逐渐对团队合作变得积极，并且更愿意表达自己的想法。
【高考链接】
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _______ (gradual) turned into
chopsticks.（2016 年全国卷III语法填空）
答案：gradually考查形容词、副词的正确使用。句意：小块的食物很容易用树枝夹着吃，这
些树枝慢慢演变为筷子。修饰动词短语 turned into，应用副词形式gradually。
16. △ enr ich / ɪ n'r ɪtʃ/ vt. 使富裕；充实；改善
These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. 这些新来的定居
者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。
（P10）
The study of science has enriched our lives. 科学研究丰富了我们的生活。
【拓展】
rich adj. 丰富的；富裕的
19
形容词加前缀或后缀-en，构成及物动词，表示“使变得……” 。
able adj. 有能力的— enable vt. 使能够
short adj. 短的— shorten vt. 缩短
17.vocabulary
/v ə'kæ bj ʊlərɪ / n.[C,U] 词汇；词汇量；词表
These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. 这些新来的定居
者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。
（P10）
He has a poor vocabulary , so he can't express himself correctly.
他的词汇量很少，因此无法准确表达自己的想法。
We read to improve our vocabularies. 我们阅读以便扩大词汇量。
18. make use of
利用；使用
So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以
到17 世纪的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。
（P10）
You must make use of any opportunity to practice English.你一定要利用任何机会来练习英语。
【用法】
①make use of 意为“利用，使用”。use 前可用表示程度的词修饰。
make good/ full use of好好/充分利用 make the best/ most of 充分利用
We should make good/full use of the Internet.我们应好好/充分利用互联网。
②若把make use of 的宾语提前，句子用被动语态。注意保留介词of，并且后面
常用动词不定式作目的状语。
Every opportunity should be made use of to look for a job．应该充分利用每个机会去找工作。
③若把use 提前，句子用被动语态；若use 提前且作先行词，其后要接定语从句。
Good use should be made of time to study．应该充分利用时间来学习。
It deals with the use that the body makes of food．它涉及身体对食物的利用。
④注意句式…what use can/should/will be made of sth 。
The scientists are now trying to discover what use could be made of such material. 现在科学家
们正努力去发现这种材料的用途。
19.spelling
/'spel ɪŋ/
n. 拼写；拼法
At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: 当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大
的变化：（P10）
Learn the new words taught today. Be sure that you know their spelling, pronunciation and
meaning. 学会今天教的生词，要掌握拼法、发音和词义。
【拓展】
spell / spel/ vt.拼写；拼法
He gave his name and then helpfully spelt it.
他说出自己的名字，然后又热心地将它拼了出来。
20. latter /'læ
tə/
20
◎ n．（两者中）后者；（系列中）最后一位
常与定冠词the 连用，用于结构：the former… the latter … 前者……，后者……
The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性。
（P10）
Lucy and LiIy are twins. The former is a model; the latter is a teacher. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。前
者是一名模特，后者是一名老师。
◎ adj．（两者中）后者的；（系列中）较后的；后半期的
The latter point is the most important．后面提及的那一点是最重要的。
He spent the latter years of his life in France．他在法国度过了他的晚年。
【辨析】
latter, Iater, late, latest 和lately
1.latter ①n．（两者中）后者; ② adj．（两者中）后者的 (反义词是former)
Of the two possibilities, the latter seems more likely.
在这两种可能性中，后者似乎更有可能。
Personally, I agree with the latter opinion．就个人而言，我同意后者的看法。
2.later ①late 的比较级 ②adv. 以后，随后
Two years later, he came back.两年后，他回来了。
Later, Tim came to join us, too.后来,提姆也参加到我们中间来了。
3.late ①adj. 晚的，迟的 ②adv. 晚，迟
The busy couple had a late supper. 那对忙碌的夫妻很晚才吃晚餐。
Tom is in his late fifties. 汤姆快60 岁了。
The wedding took place late in May.婚礼是五月底举行的。
4.latest ①adj. 最新的 ②n. 最迟，最晚
You can find the latest fashion magazines．你可以找到最新的时尚杂志。
at the latest 最迟，最晚
5.lately adv. 最近 （=recently）
I haven’t written to her lately．最近我没给她写信。
【高考链接】
1. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. （2017 全国卷I 短文改错）
答案：late—later 句意：几分钟后，教练让我停下车。表示“以后，随后”
，用later。
2. I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late
music albums. （2017 全国卷III 短文改错）
答案：late—latest 句意：我喜欢研究各种各样的汽车和飞机，玩流行音乐，以及收集最新
的音乐专辑。表示“最新的”，用latest。
21.identity /a
ɪ'dent ətɪ/ n. 本身；本体；身份
Will Chinese English develop its own identity? 中国式英语是否也能发展成一种具有自己独特
个性的语言？（P10）
an ID card =an identity card 身份证
He had lost his identity card and was being questioned by the police.他丢了身份证，正在被警察
询问。
22. fluent /'flu:
ə nt/ adj. 流利的；流畅的
21
For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India
from 1765 to 1947. 比如，印度就有很多人说英语说得很流利，因为在1765 年到1947 年之
间英国统治着印度。（P10）
She speaks fluent though not very correct French.他讲法语虽然不是很正确，但很流利。
fluently /'flu:
ə ntl ɪ/ adv.
流利地；流畅地
Though he is not a native English speaker, he can speak English very fluently. 虽然他的母语不是
英语，但是他的英语讲的很流利。
23.such as
例如……；像这种的
English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 在
新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，人们现在也说英语。
（P10）
There are many animals such as horses, cattle and deer in that country
．在那个国家有很多像
马、牛和鹿这样的动物。
Chances such as this did not come every day．这样的机会不是天天都有的。
【辨析】
such as，for example 和that is
1.such as 用于列举事物，常用于被列举的事物之前，但是所列举的事物只是前面所提事物的
一部分。
He knows several foreign languages, such as English, French and German. 他懂几门外语，例如
英语、法语 和德语。
2.for example 用于说明某种现象中的一个事例，常用逗号和其他成分隔开， 位置灵活，可
置于句首，句中或句末。
A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China for example.许
多国家在太空技术方面取得了杰出成就，例如中国。
3.that is 也可以说that is to say，相当于namely，意为“即，也就是说”
， 列举前面所提到
的事物的全部。
He has three good friends in this school, that is, John, Jack and Tom. 他在这所学校有三个好朋
友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
24.frequent
/'fri:kw ə nt/ adj. 频繁的；常见的
He is a frequent visitor to this country．他常常访问这个国家。
Drunk driving, which was once a frequent occurrence, is now under control.
醉驾，曾经是经常发生的事，如今得到了控制。
frequently
/'fri:kw əntl ɪ/ adv. 常常；频繁地
Languages frequently change.语言经常变化。（P10）
He frequently visits Hong Kong．他经常去香港参观。
Air pollution is discussed quite frequently in the news. 新闻里经常讨论空气污染问题。
25.usage
/'j ʊ :s ɪdʒ/ n. [U] 使用；用法；（语言的）惯用法
22
It also has different usage in different English speaking countries.在不同的讲英语的国家，它的
用法也不同。（P11）
Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the usage of English.任何一个想学好英
语的人必须记住英语语言的惯用法。
26. command
/k ə'm ɑ:nd/
◎ n. 命令；指令；掌握
Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能从“阅读”中找到下列表
示命令和请求的表达方式吗？（P12）
under one ’s command 由某人指挥
The army is under the king’s direct command.军队由国王直接统领。
have / take command of… 指挥……
The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达了并控制了局面。
have a good command of… 精通……
He has a good command of English. 他精通英语。
◎ vt. 命令；指挥
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人干某事
command+ that 从句（从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should 可以省
略。）
The officer commanded his soldiers to start off immediately.
=The officer commanded that his soldiers (should) start off immediately.
那名军官命令士兵们立刻出发 。
27. request
/r ɪ'kwest/
◎ n. [U]请求；要求
Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能从“阅读”中找到下列表
示命令和请求的表达方式吗？（P12）
make a request for sth 请求得到某物
Finally they had to make a request for help. 最后他们只好请求帮助。
at one’s request 应某人的请求
He went there at their request. 他应邀前往。
◎ vt. 请求；要求
request sb to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request + that 从句（从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。）
Visitors are requested not to smoke here. 参观者请勿在此吸烟。
They requested that help (should) be sent at once. 他们请求立即施以援助。
28. △ dialect /'da ɪə lekt/
n.[C] 方言
When people use words and expressions different form “ standard language”, it is called a dialect.
当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。
（P13）
I can fluently speak different dialects of Chinese.
我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。
29. expression
/ ɪ k'spre ʃn/ n.
23
①[C] 词语；习惯用语
When people use words and expressions different form “ standard language”, it is called a dialect.
当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的单词和习惯用语时，那就叫做方言。
（P13）
② [C,U]表达；表示
His anger is beyond expression. 他的愤怒无法表达。
③ [C]表情
The expression on his face told me that he was angry.他脸上的表情告诉我，他很生气。
【拓展】
express vt. 表达；表示
Words can’t express how excited I was.我当时激动的心情无法用语言表达。
I’d like to express my thanks to those who have helped me.我想对帮助过我的人表示感谢。
30. midwestern /mɪd'westən/ adj. 中西部的；
eastern /'i:stən/ adj. 东方的；东部的
southeastern / saʊθ'i:stən/ adj. 东南方的；
northwestern / nɔ:θ'westən/ adj. 西北方的；
American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and
Spanish dialects. 美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑
人和西班牙人的方言。（P13）
So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as
people in the northwestern USA. 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就
几乎相同。（P13）
31. play a part (in)
扮演一个角色；起作用（= play a role in
）
Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。（P13）
China is playing an important part/role in the world today. 中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。
The part that electricity plays in our daily life is very important.
电在我们的日常生活中起的作用是很重要的。
【拓展】
take part in 参加
take an active part in 积极参加
How many countries will take part in the World Cup? 有多少国家要参加世界杯赛？
She takes an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。
32.recognize /'rekəɡnaɪz/ vt.
①辨认出
Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。
（P13）
Though they hadn’t met for many years，they recognized each other at the first sight. 虽然他们
多年没见面，他们第一眼就认出了对方。
②承认；认可
24
The doctor tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
这个医生试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。
recognize …as/to be 把…… 当做；承认…… 为
We recognize Xi Jinping as/ to be a great leader. 我们认为习近平是一位伟大的领袖。
Recognized as a serious problem at present, air pollution has drawn a lot of people’s attention.
空气污染被认为是目前最严重的问题，引起了许多人的关注。
【拓展】
recognition /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn/ n.认出; 承认；认可
She passed close by me without a sign of recognition.
她与我擦肩而过,却没认出我.
to seek international/official/formal recognition 寻求国际上的/官方/正式的承认
At last, her father's work has received popular recognition.
最后，她父亲的工作得到了大众的认可。
【辨析】
recognize, know,和realize
1.recognize 意为“辨认出”，指原来熟悉，经过一段时间后重新认出，是一个表示瞬间动作
的动词。
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room. 他一进屋我就认出了他。
2.know 意为“认识，熟悉，知道”，表示认识熟悉某人或某事，是个持续性动词。
I have known him for five years.
我认识他五年了。
3.realize 意为“意识到”，强调经过一个过程后的完全了解。
Finally we realized the danger we were in. 最后我们意识到了我们所处的危险。
33. lorry
/'l ɒrɪ/ n. < 英> 卡车（=< 美>truck ）
Shall we move the new bed by lorry? 我们用卡车搬运新床好吗？（P13）
34.accent
/'æ ks ənt/ n. 口音；腔调；重音
Listen and read through the text and take notice of the accent and intonation.
听后通读全文，注意重音和语调。（P14）
She speaks English with an American accent. 她讲英语带有美国口音。
35.lightning
/'la ɪtn ɪŋ/ n. 闪电
He got outta the water fast as lightning and climbed up a tree.
他像闪电一样从水里出来并爬
上了一棵树。（P14）
A tall tree was struck by lightning . 一颗大树被闪电击中。
36. straight
/ stre ɪt/
◎ adv. 直接地；挺直地; 径直地
She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. The
subway will be on our right. 她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右
边。（P15）
Sit up straight. 请坐直。
She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
25
◎ adj.笔直的；正直的；直率的
This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
She is straight with others. 她对别人坦诚。
37. block
/bl ɒk/
◎ n. 街区；（木，石，冰等）块
She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. The
subway will be on our right. 她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右
边。（P15）
He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
a block of wood/stone/ice 一大块木头/ 石头/ 冰
◎vt. 堵塞；阻碍
Heavy snow is blocking all roads into the city. 大雪封住了所有去市里的路。
38. cab /kæ b/ n. 出租车(=taxi)
You need to find a cab/taxi to take you to the football ground.
你需要找辆出租车带你去足球
场。（P15）
I went to the airport by cab/taxi yesterday. 昨天我打的去的机场。
Book1 Unit3
1. journal
/'d ʒɜ:nl/ n ．[C]
①日记；日志
When he returned from his successful climb of Mount Qomolongma, Andrew finished his travel
journal and gave it to the newspaper. 当安德鲁成功地攀登珠穆朗玛峰回来时，他完成了他的
旅游日志并且把它交给了报社。
He kept a journal during his visit to Japan. 他在访问日本期间坚持记日记。
② 日报；杂志；定期刊物
He was once an editor for a journal. 他曾经是一家日报的编辑。
He just published a paper in the journal Nature. 他刚刚在《自然》杂志上发表了论文。
【拓展】
journalist 新闻工作者，新闻记者
I believe that a journalist should be completely objective. 我认为新闻记者应当很客观。
2.transport
◎ /'træ nspɔ:t/ n.
①交通车辆；运输工具
Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?
你更喜欢哪种交通方式：公共汽车还是火车？（P17）
His bike is his only means of transport .自行车是他唯一的代步工具。
②运送；运输
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An efficient transport system is very important to the future of a city.
高效的公共交通系统对一个城市的未来至关重要。
The goods were damaged during transport. 货物在运输期间受损。
air/road transport 空运/ 路运
public transport 公共交通；公交车辆
Most of us use public transport to go to work. 我们大多数人都乘公交车辆上班。
◎ /træ n'spɔ:t/ vt. （用交通工具）运输；运送；（以自然方式）输送；传播
to transport goods/passengers
运送货物 / 旅客
Blood transports oxygen around the body.血把氧气输送到全身。
The book transports you to another world.这本书会把你带到另一个世界。
【辨析】transport 和traffic
transport 表示“运输”这种行为或工具。
traffic表示交通，指路上的行人和车辆等。
Heavy traffic blocked the road. 拥挤的车辆阻塞了道路。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用计算机来保持道路畅通。
traffic lights交通信号灯
traffic jam交通堵塞 traffic accidents交通事故
3.prefer
/pr ɪ'fɜ:/ vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）(preferred; preferred;
preferring)
Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?
你更喜欢哪种交通方式：公共汽车还是火车？（P17）
①prefer sth.（to sth.）（比起某物）更喜欢某物
I preferred the first flat because it was larger. 我更喜欢第一套公寓，因为它更大。
I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.
比起那条绿色的裙子，我更喜欢那条红色的，因为那红色的更适合我。
②prefer doing sth.（to doing sth.） （比起做某事）更喜欢做某事
I prefer going to the cinema to watching TV. 我更喜欢看电影而不是看电视。
③prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
Now young people prefer to celebrate western festivals.现在年轻人更喜欢过西方的节日。
We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer to stay in.
如果你喜欢，我们就出去吃饭，但是我更喜欢在家里吃。
④prefer sb. to do sth. 更喜欢某人做某事
Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗？
⑤prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 比起做某事更喜欢做某事
I prefer to go to the cinema rather than watch TV.
Rather than watch TV, I prefer to go to the cinema.
比起看电视，我更喜欢去看电影。
【拓展】
preference / ˈprefrəns/ n. [C; U] 偏爱；喜好
have (a) preference for sb/sth 更偏爱……
A polar bear has a preference for cold weather.
北极熊更喜欢寒冷的天气.
27
give (a) preference to sb/sth 给……以优惠；优待
According to surveys, employers will give a preference to the students who have
graduated from universities in Project 985 and 211.
根据调查，雇主更优先考虑毕业于985 和211 的大学毕业生。
4.di sadvantage
[ˌdɪ sədˈv ɑ:nt ɪdʒ] n. [C] 不利条件；不便之处
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of each form of transport.
想一想每种交通方式
的利弊。（P17）
One disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport.
这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。
put /place sb. at a disadvantage 使某人处于不利地位
The fact that he didn't speak a foreign language put him at a disadvantage .
他不会说外语使他处于不利地位。
【拓展】
advantage /ədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ/ n. [C] 有利条件；有利因素；优势
Being tall gave him an advantage over the other players.
他个子高，比其他运动员有优势。
You will be at an advantage (= have an advantage) if you are well prepared for the exam.
如果你考试准备充分的话，就会处于优势。
take advantage of 利用；占……的便宜
We can take advantage of new technology. 我们可以利用新技术。
He's joining the club in order to take advantage of the others.
他加入俱乐部是来占别人便宜的。
5.fare /fe ə/ n. [C] 费用（车费；船费；飞机票价等）
Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there. 想一想不同交
通工具的费用并决定怎样去那里。 （P17）
The railway fare to Shanghai is 550 yuan. 去上海的火车票是550 元。
bus/taxi fares
公共汽车费/ 出租汽车费
Air fares have risen by 20%. 飞机票价涨了20%。
Children under four travel at half fare.四岁以下的儿童可半票旅游。
6. △ route /ru:t/
n. 路线；路途; 途径；渠道
If you could follow the route of only one of them, which one would you choose?
如果你只能沿它们中的一条路线旅行的话，你将选择那一条？（P17）
The house is not on a bus route . 这房子不在公交线上。
The route to success is hard work. 成功之路在于努力。
7.flow /fl əʊ /
◎ vi. （液体、气体或电) 流动； （人群或车辆）涌流
List the countries that the Mekong River flows through. 列出湄公河流经的国家。（P17）
Most rivers flow into the sea. 多数江河流入大海。
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Blood flowed from a cut on her head. 血从她头上的伤口处流出来。
After the concert the people flowed out of the hall. 音乐会之后，人们从音乐厅里涌出来。
◎n. [C,U] 流动；水流；流量
She tried to stop the flow of blood from the wound. 她试图止住伤口流血。
an endless flow of refugees into the country. 难民源源不断流入这个国家
to improve traffic flow 改善交通流量
8.ever since
从那以后; 自从（用法同since，常和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用）
①作介词用，后接表时间的名词（短语）
。
Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。
（P18）
Ever since then, I've been teaching in this school.从那时起,我一直在这个学校教书。
②作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
I have known him ever since I was a child. 我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了.
③副词用，单独使用，作时间状语。
I was bitten by a dog a few years ago, and I've been afraid of them ever since.
几年前我被狗咬过，自那以后就一直害怕狗。
He fell off his horse last week and has been lying in bed ever since.
上周他从马背上跌下来，从那以后就一直躺在床上。
9.persuade
/p ə'swe ɪd/ vt.
①说服；劝说
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. 两
年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆。
（P18）
If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her.
如果她不想去，你说什么也不能劝服她。
persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
It is difficult to persuade him to accept / into accepting the plan. 很难说服他接受这个计划。
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
I persuaded her not to go/out of going to the party. 我说服了她不参加聚会。
②使信服；使相信
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
persuade sb. that … 使某人相信……
He couldn't persuade them of his honesty.
= He couldn't persuade them that he was honest. 他无法使他们相信他的诚实。
【辨析】
persuade 和advise
persuade 意为“说服，劝服”，强调说服的结果；advise 表示“劝说”， 不一定说服，强调动
作。表示“劝说不一定成功”，用advise sb. to do sth.或try to persuade sb. to do sth.
I advised him / tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he didn’t listen.
我劝他戒烟，但他不听。
10.cycle
/'sa ɪkl/
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◎ vi. 骑自行车
Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. 很快，王薇使他们也对骑车旅行产生了兴
趣。（P18）
She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus. 她劝说我们大家骑自行车上
班而不是乘公共汽车。P20
◎ n. [C] 自行车； 摩托车；循环；周期
We went for a cycle ride on Sunday. 我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。
The seasons of the year make a cycle. 一年四季构成一个循环。
【拓展】
（1）cyclist /ˈsaɪklɪst/ n. [C] 骑自行车（脚踏车）的人
（2）recycle /ˌri:ˈsaɪkl/ vt. 回收利用；再利用
Denmark recycles nearly 85% of its paper. 丹麦的纸张回收率近85%。
a recycling plant 废品回收加工厂
11.graduate
◎/' ɡrædʒʊeɪt/ vi. 毕业
After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.
大学毕业后，我们终于有了骑自行车旅行的机会。
（P18）
graduate from... 毕业于……(学校)
graduate in... 毕业于……(专业)
She graduated from Harvard in history last year . 她去年毕业于哈佛大学历史系。
◎ /' ɡrædʒʊət/ n.[U] 大学毕业生
He is a graduate of Yale in history. 他是耶鲁大学历史系毕业生。
【拓展】
graduation /ˌgrædʒʊˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业；毕业典礼
After graduation, he became a teacher. 毕业后，他成了一名老师。
My whole family came to my graduation. 我的家人都来参加了我的毕业典礼。
12. finally /'fa ɪnəlɪ/ adv. 终于（=eventually）; 最后（=lastly）
I finally worked out the problem. 我终于解出了这个问题。
And finally, I would like to thank you all for coming here today. 最后，我感谢大家今天的光临。
【拓展】
final /ˈfaɪnl/ adj. 最终的；最后的
The project is in its final stages. 这个项目到了最后阶段。
The final exam was over, and the children looked relaxed.
期终考试结束了，孩子们看上去都很轻松愉快。
13.schedule
/' ʃedj ʊ:l；'sked ʒʊ l/
◎ n. [C] 时间表；进度表； 日程安排
Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. 现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划。（P18）
Usually his wife organizes his busy schedule. 通常他的妻子安排他紧张的日程。
a train schedule 列车时刻表
ahead of/ on / behind schedule 先于/按照/迟于预定时间
The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。
30
Our task was finished on schedule. 我们的任务按时完成了。
The project has already fallen behind schedule . 工程已经晚了工期。
◎ vt. 为某事安排时间
The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 会议安排在星期五下午。
I'm scheduled to arrive in Beijing at 5 o'clock. 我预计在5 点钟抵达北京。
The report is not finished as scheduled. 报告没有如期完成。
14. fond
/f ɒnd/ adj.
①喜欢的; 喜爱的
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. 我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严
重的缺点。（P18）
be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
I am fond of music. 我喜欢音乐。
My grandpa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river.
我祖父喜欢钓鱼并且他有时会整天在河里钓鱼。
More and more young people are fond of going shopping online. 越来越多的年轻人喜欢网购。
②慈爱的；宠爱的； 温情的（只用于名词前）
a fond look/embrace/farewell 慈爱的目光/温情的拥抱/深情的告别
A fond mother may spoil her child. 溺爱的母亲可能会宠坏她的孩子。
I have very fond memories of my time in Spain. 我十分怀念从前在西班牙的时光。
15.shortcoming
/' ʃɔ :t'k ʌm ɪŋ/ n. [C] 缺点；短处
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. 我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严
重的缺点。（P18）
He is too proud to see his own shortcomings. 他太傲慢了,看不到自己的缺点。
People think that there are many shortcomings in our education system.
人们认为我们的教育制度有很多缺陷。
16.stubborn
/'st ʌbə n/ adj.
①固执的；执拗的；顽固的；倔强的
She can be really stubborn. 她有时确实很固执。（P18）
He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.
他太固执，没人能够说服他做任何事情。
（P20）
He's as stubborn as a mule . 他像骡子一样倔。
②难以去除（或对付）的
a stubborn cough/stain 久治不愈的咳嗽/顽渍
a stubborn problem 难题
17.organize
/' ɔ:ɡənaɪz/
vt.
①组织；筹备
Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip
properly. 尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽
美。（P18）
The concert went Iike clockwork because Li Pei had organized it so well.
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音乐会进展顺利，因为李沛组织得很好。
（P20）
to organize a meeting/party/trip 组织筹备会议 / 聚会 / 旅行
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for the New Year.
最终，我们一致决定组织一场新年音乐会。
②安排；处理；分配
You should try to organize your time better. 你应该尽量更有效地分配你的时间。
He began to organize his materials. 他开始整理材料。
We do not fully understand how the brain is organized. 我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。
【拓展】
（1）organization /ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.[C] 组织; 机构; 团体
He's the president of a large international organization. 他是一个大型国际组织的主席。
a business/political/voluntary organization 一个商业 / 政治 / 志愿机构
WHO （World Health Organization）世界卫生组织
WTO （World Trade Organization）世贸组织
（2）organizer /' ɔ:gənaɪzə/ n.[C] 组织者；发起人
She was a good organizer. 她是个出色的组织者。
18. care about
①在乎;在意
My sister doesn't care about details. 我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。（P18）
Most smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking.
多数烟民不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
He doesn't care about his clothes. 他不讲究衣着。
②关心；关怀；忧虑
Liu Xiaoding is a good teacher and cares about his students very much. 刘小丁是一位好老师并
且非常关心他的学生。（P20）
The young people should care about the old. 年轻人应该关心老人。
【拓展】
care for
①喜欢 （=like）
My brother likes potatoes very much, but I don't care for them.
我弟弟很喜欢吃土豆, 可我不喜欢。
The boy cares for collecting stamps. 这个男孩喜欢集邮。
② 照料；照顾（=take care of）
She cared for her father during his illness. 在父亲生病期间她照料他。
The children are well cared for in the school. 孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。
19. △ deta il /'di:te ɪ l, d ɪ 'te ɪl/ n. 细节；详情
We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.
我们找到了一本大型的地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。
（P18）
Don’t ignore small details while reading. 阅读过程中不要忽视了小的细节。
in detail 详细地
She described the accident in detail.
她详细地叙述了那次事故。
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20. △ source /sɔ :s/ n. [C] 水源；来源
So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.
于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。（P18）
Your local library will be a useful source of information.
你们当地的图书馆就是很好的资料来源。
For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. 对于我来说，音乐是我快乐的源泉。
21.determine
/d ɪ 't ɜ:m ɪn/ vt. 决定；下定决心；确定
They determined to start early. 他们决定早点出发。
A date for the meeting has not been determined. 会议日期尚待确定。
Shall we determine what we are going to do next?
我们来确定一下下一步该做什么 吧 ?
determined
/d ɪ 't ɜ:m ɪnd/ adj. 坚决的；有决心的
She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
（P18）
A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
无论工作有多困难，一个有决心的人总是会设法完成它。
（P20）
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
She was determined to become a doctor and her hard work paid off.
她决心成为医生，她的努力取得了成功。
Determined to succeed, he tried many times.
决心成功，他尝试了很多次。
【拓展】
determination /d ɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心；果断；坚定
He fought the illness with courage and determination.
他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。
His firm determination to win in the competition helped him defeat the others.
他要赢得比赛的坚定决心帮他击败了其他人。
22.change on
e’s m ind 改变主意; 改变决定
She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
（P18）
I’ve changed my mind—I’ll have a beer instead. 我改变了主意---我要杯啤酒吧。
23. make up one’s m
ind 下决心；决定
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。（P18）
The very first time that Joe saw the film " ET" directed by Steven Spielberg, he made up his mind
to become a director too. 乔第一次看斯蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的电影《ET外星人》时，他
就下定决心也要成为一名导演。（P20）
make up one’s mind to do sth. = be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
make up one’s mind that ... = decide that ... 决定做某事
33
To study abroad, he has made up his mind /is determined to improve his English.
为了出国留学，他下定决心提高英语水平。
They made up their mind that they would buy a new house once Tom changed jobs.
他们决定一旦汤姆换了工作，他们就买一座新房子。
24. journey
/'d ʒɜ:n ɪ/ n. 旅行；旅程
When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she
seemed to be excited about it. 当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000 多米的的高地出发时，她似
乎显得很兴奋。（P18）
I wish you a safe journey. 祝你旅途平安。
Without music, life is a journey through a desert. 没有音乐，生活就是沙漠之旅。
go on a journey 去旅行
They went on a long train journey across India. 他们乘火车作了一次横跨印度的长途旅行。
make /take a journey 去旅行
How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close ! 我多么希望进行一次
太空旅行并近距离地看星星啊！（P20）
25.altitude
/'æ ltɪ tju:d/
n. 海拔高度；高处
We are flying at an altitude of 6 000 meters. 我们的飞行高度是6 000 米。
The mountain has an altitude of 1,500 meters. 山高1500 米.
26. attitude /'æ
tɪtju ːd/
n. 态度；看法
Attitude is what a person thinks about something. 态度是某个人对某事的看法。(P19)
Your attitude will determine your altitude. 你的态度决定你人生的高度。
Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/ 坚定的态度
Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
记住：保持乐观的心态，好事自然会发生。
an attitude to /towards 对… ...的态度
We should develop a good attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
27.give in
投降；屈服；让步
Finally, I had to give in. 最后，我只好让步了。（P18）
As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.
因为他们俩人谁都不愿让步，那天没有作出决定。
（P20）
give in to sb. 向某人屈服/让步
I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in to him.
我想付火车票的钱，但是我的朋友坚持要他来付， 最后我服从了他。
【拓展】
give up 放弃; 投降
She doesn't give up easily. 她决不轻易放弃。
When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and
without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.
当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在
34
高处也失去了意义。
Women should give up smoking and drinking before they plan to have a baby .
妇女在计划要孩子之前应该戒烟戒酒。
28. △ atlas /'ætlə s/ n. 地图；地图集
We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.
我们找到了一本大型的地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。
（P18）
29. △ glac ier /' ɡlæsɪə; 'ɡleɪʃə/
n. 冰河；冰川
From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.
我们从图上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。
（P18）
30. △ rap ids /ræ p ɪdz/ n. 急流
It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.
它穿过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。
（P18）
31. valley
/'væ lɪ / n. （山）谷；流域
It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.
它穿过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。
（P18）
Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.
有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷。
（P20）
32. △ waterfall /'wɔ :təfɔ:l/ n. 瀑布
Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.
有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷。
（P18）
33.pace /pe
ɪs/
◎ n.
①（移动的）速度；步速；（走或跑时）迈出的一步
As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. 当它进入东南亚以后，流速减慢。（P18）
The runners have quickened their pace. 赛跑者加快了脚步。
She took two paces forward. 她向前走了两步。
②发生的速度；节奏
It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change. 跟上迅速的变化是很困难的。
We encourage all students to work at their own pace . 我们鼓励学生都按自己的节奏学习。
I prefer the restful pace of life in the country. 我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。
◎vi. 缓慢而行；踱步
He paced nervously up and down the hospital room, waiting for news.
他紧张地医院的房间里来回踱步，等待消息。
34.bend
/bend/
◎n. 弯；拐角
It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.
河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原。
（P18）
35
The crash occurred on a sharp bend in the road. 撞车发生在一个急转弯处。
◎vt. 使弯曲 ；vi. 弯曲；弯腰（bent, bent ）
He bent（his head）and kissed her. 他低下头吻了她。
He bent the wire into the shape of a square. 他把铁丝折成正方形。
The branch began to bend as I climbed along it. 我沿树枝爬时它弯了下来.
35. △ meander
/mɪ 'æ nd ə/ n. （指河流等）蜿蜒缓慢流动；河曲;河湾
It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.
河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原。
（P18）
A meander is a large bend in a river. 河曲是一条河的大弯处。
36. △ delta /'deltə / n. 三角洲
At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.
最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南
海。（P18）
The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta. 尼罗河在河口分岔,形成了一个三角洲。
37.boil
/b ɔɪ l/
①vi. （指液体）沸腾；（水）开
This was even more exciting to see than the rapids where the water seemed to boil.
比起看似沸腾的急流来，这个（瀑布）看起来更让人感到兴奋。
（P20）
I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil. 我站在厨房，等着水烧开。
②vt. 烧开；用开水煮
Boil the water in the pan and then put the noodles in it . 把锅里的水烧开，然后加入面条。
He boiled some eggs for breakfast. 早餐他煮了些鸡蛋吃。
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 煮开过的水（可指凉开水）
38. forecast
/'f ɔ:kɑ:st/
◎n. 预报；预测
The weather forecast is not good so we are taking a large parcel of warm clothes with us.
天气预报说天气不好，所以我们带了一大包保暖的衣服。
（P21）
The weather forecast is better for today. 天气预报说今天天气要好一些。
His forecast of a 3% growth in the economy turned out to be quite wrong.
他的经济增长3% 的预测最后证明是大错特错。
◎ vt. 预报；预测 （forecast, forecast 或 forecasted, forecasted）
Temperatures were forecast to reach 40˚C. 预报温度将达40 摄氏度。
Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy. 专家预测经济将复苏。
The report forecasts that prices will rise by 5% next month. 报告预测下月物价将上涨5%。
39.parcel
/'p ɑ:sl/ n. 小包；包裹
There's a parcel and some letters for you. 有你的一个包裹和几封信。
Has my parcel from New York arrived?
我的来自纽约的包裹到了吗？
36
40.insurance
/ ɪn' ʃʊə rəns/ n. [C,U] 保险；保险费
Besides , we are taking out insurance to cover any problems.
此外，我们对任何（可能出现的）问题都办理了保险。
（P21）
to take out insurance against fire 办理火险
life/ accident /labour /health /car/travel/household insurance
人寿/意外/劳动/健康/汽车/ 旅行平安/家庭财产保险
an insurance company 保险公司
When her husband died, she received £50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5 万英镑的保险金。
41.wool
/w ʊl/ n. [U] 羊毛；毛织品
Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.
一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。
（P22）
a ball of wool 一团毛线
a wool blanket 毛毯
This scarf is 100% wool. 这条披肩是纯毛的。
42.as usual
照常
Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. 像往常一样，王薇在我的前面。（P22）
Steve, as usual, was the last to arrive. 史蒂夫照例来得最晚。
Although she was ill, she carried on working as usual. 尽管她病了，她照样继续工作。
【拓展】
（1）usual /ˈjʊːʒʊəl/ adj. 通常的；惯常的
He came home later than usual. 他回家比平时晚了些。
She sat in her usual seat at the back. 她坐在后排平时惯坐的位子上。
（2）usually adv. 通常地；一般地；经常地
We usually go to work by car. 我们通常开车去上班。
How long does the journey usually take? 这段旅程通常需要多长时间？
43. reliable
/r ɪ'la ɪə bl/ adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
She is very reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her. 她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她
鼓劲儿。（P22）
We are looking for a babysitter who is reliable and hard-working.
我们正在物色一个可靠而又勤奋的保姆。
He is a reliable friend. 他是一个可信赖的朋友。
My car is not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。
Our information comes from a reliable source. 我们的消息来源可靠。
【拓展】
rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. （relies, relying, relied, relied）依靠；依赖；信赖
rely on/ upon sb./sth. （=depend on/upon sb./sth. ）依靠某人/ 某物
It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 与其求人,不如求己。
You should rely on your own efforts. 你应该靠自己的努力。
I rely too much on convenience food. 我太依赖方便食品了。
37
rely on/ upon sb. to do sth. （=depend on/ upon sb. to do sth. ）依靠某人做某事
We can rely on our children to do such work. 这样的工作我们可以放心地让孩子们去做。
44.view /vju:/
◎n.
①[C]（从高处看到的）景色；风景
To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the
view. 上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊讶。（P22）
The view from our window is the beautiful green countryside.
从我们的窗口能看见一片美丽的绿色田园风光。
②[C;U] 视野；视线
He stood up to get a better view of the blackboard.
为了更清楚地看到黑板上的内容，他站了起来。
The lake soon came into view . 那湖很快映入眼帘。
The plane soon went out of view . 飞机一会儿不见了。
③ [C]（个人的）看法；见解；态度
His views on the subject were well known. 他对这个问题的看法众所周知。
point of view 观点；看法
Try to look at this from my point of view. 试着从我的角度来看这件事。
in one’s view= in one’s pinion 在某人看来
In my view it was a waste of time. 依我看，这是浪费时间。
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
In view of the bad weather, I think they have done a good job.
考虑到恶劣的天气，我认为他们算是做得不错了。
take the view that... 持... ...的观点（that 引导同位语从句）
I take the view that there shouldn’t be too much violence on television.
我的观点是电视节目中暴力不应该太多。
◎vt. 观看；注视；考虑
People came from all over the world to view her paintings.
人们从世界各地涌来欣赏她的绘画作品。
view sth as ... 把……视为
Many people view xiong’an as a land of golden opportunity.
许多人把雄安看作是一个充满了机遇的地方。
45.△ yak /jæk/
n. 牦牛
In the valleys colorful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green
grass. 在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。
（P22）
46.pillow
/'p ɪləʊ / n. 枕头；枕垫
After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.
晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。
（P22）
He lay back on the grass using his backpack as a pillow.
他用背袋当枕头仰卧在草地上。
38
47.midnight
/'m ɪdna ɪt/ n. 午夜；子夜
at midnight 在午夜
At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter. 半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星
星更亮了。（P22）
48.flame
/fle ɪm/ n. [C]
①火焰；火舌
There was almost no wind - only the flames of our fire for company. （夜晚）非常安静—几乎没
有风，只有篝火的火焰与我们作伴。（P22）
The flames were growing higher and higher. 熊熊火焰越来越高。
The plane burst into flames. 飞机突然猛烈燃烧起来。
②光芒；热情
a flame of passion 激情的烈火
49. beneath
/b ɪ'ni :θ/ prep. 在…的下方; （表示等级）低于
As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.
当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。
（P22）
He considers such jobs beneath him. 他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。
【辨析】
on--beneath ；over—under 和above-- below
1.on 和beneath 侧重于与物体表面接触。
There is a glass on the table. 桌子上有一个玻璃杯。
I enjoy feeling the warm sand beneath my feet. 我喜欢脚踏温暖沙子的感觉。
2.over 和 under 侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
There is a cat under the table. 桌子底下有一只猫。
3.above 和below 侧重于相对高度，不一定在正上方，不强调是否垂直。
Raise your arms above your head. 把双臂举过头顶。
Please write your name below the line. 请在这一行下面写上你的名字。
50.temple
/'templ/
n. 庙宇；寺庙
There used to be an old temple on the top of the hill.
山顶上曾经有一座旧庙。
51.cave
/ke ɪ v/ n. 洞穴；地窖
There is only a dusky light inside the cave.
山洞中只能见到一丝昏暗的光线。
The roof of the cave dropped onto the miners, trapping them.
洞穴的顶部坍了下来， 砸在矿工身上，困住了他们。
39
Book1 Unit4
1.earthquake
/' ɜ:θkweɪ k/ （= quake /kwe
ɪ k/ ） n. 地震
Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.
现在，想象一下发生了一次大地震。（P25）
Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.
二十世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11 公里处发生了。（P25）
2.right away
（=right now = immediately）立刻；马上
Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 假设你的家开始摇晃，你
必须马上离开。（P25）
After the accident, he was sent to the hospital right away/now. 事故之后，他被立刻送往医院。
3.well /wel/
n. 井
◎ n. 水井; 井
For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell. 三天来，村里的井水升升降降。
（P26）
Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里满是沙子，而不是水。（P26）
Two oil wells were on fire last night. 昨晚两个油井起火了。
◎adv. 好; 很
Everything is going on well. 一切进展顺利。
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。
◎adj. 健康的
I don't feel very well . 我觉得身体不太好。
She is well enough to travel. 她身体很好能够去旅行。
◎ int. （用于表示惊讶，疑虑，接受等）
Well, I'd better be going now. 好吧，我现在该走了。
◎ vi. （液体）涌出; 流出
Tears welled in her eyes. 她泪如泉涌。
4. △ crack /kræk/
◎ n. 裂缝；噼啪声
Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. 农夫注意到水井的井壁上有深深
的裂缝。（P26）
This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
◎vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管
爆裂开来。（P26）
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
5. △ smelly /'smelɪ
/ adj. 发臭的；有臭味的
A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 一股难闻的气体从裂缝中冒了出来。（P26）
The toilet in that supermarket is horribly smelly. 那个超市的卫生间气味难闻。
【拓展】
40
smell
◎n. 气味； 嗅觉
A smell of bread from the kitchen filled the room. 满屋子都是从厨房飘来的面包的味道。
Dogs have a very good sense of smell . 狗的嗅觉非常灵敏。
◎vt. & vi.（smelt， smelt）嗅；闻；闻到；能闻到气味
I bent down to smell the flowers. 我弯下腰闻了闻花。
I can’t smell because I’ve got a bad cold. 我闻不到气味，因为我感冒很厉害。
◎link-v. （smelt， smelt）发出……的气味（跟形容词作表语）
The flowers smell sweet. 花儿闻起来很香甜。
Dinner smells good. 晚饭闻起来很美味。
6. △ farmyard /'fɑ:mjɑ:d/
n. 农场；农家
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
农家大院的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
（P26）
The farmyard was quiet, with just a dog barking once in a while.
这农家庭院静悄悄的, 只有一只狗偶尔叫几声。
7.pipe
/pa ɪ p/
◎n. 管；导管；烟斗
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
（P26）
They had damaged a gas pipe while drilling. 打钻时，他们钻破了一根燃气管道。
He took a puff on his pipe and shook his head. 他抽了口烟斗，摇了摇头。
◎vt. 用管道运输（液体或气体）
Drinking water is piped to the small village. 饮用水用管道运送到这个小村庄。
8.burst
/b ɜ:st/
◎vt. & vi. (burst, burst) （使）爆裂；爆发；突然发作
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
（P26）
Don't burst that balloon! 别把气球弄炸了！
That balloon suddenly burst. 气球突然爆了。
burst into tears/laughter= burst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来
Hearing the news, he burst into tears. 听到这个消息，他大哭起来。
burst in 闯入
When we were having a meeting, a man burst in. 当我们正在开会时，一个人闯了进来。
burst open 突然开了
The door burst open and an angry young man appeared.
门突然被推开，一名怒气冲冲的年轻人出现在门口。
◎n. 突然破裂；爆发
a burst of laughter 一阵大笑
9. million /'m ɪljən/ n. 百万
But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual
41
that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着
了。（P26）
Up to five million people a year visit our city. 每年参观我们城市的人多达500 万。
millions of 数百万的……
Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. 50 万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。
（P26）
【拓展】
表数量的词的用法
dozen（十二）,score（二十）,hundred（百）,thousand（千）,million（百万）, billion（十亿）
之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和of 连用。
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs 几十个鸡蛋
five hundred people 五百人 hundreds of people 数百计的人
10.event
/ ɪ'vent/
n.
①发生的事情；（尤指）重要事情; 大事
But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual
that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着
了。（P26）
The election was the main event of 2016 in America. 那次选举是2016 年美国的主要大事。
②（体育运动的）比赛项目
Several new events have been added to the Olympic Games. 奥运会新增了几个比赛项目。
The fourth event of the afternoon is the 800 metres. 下午的第四项比赛是 800 米。
11.as if
仿佛；好像（= as though）
It seems as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。（P26）
It seems as if our team is going to win．看来我们队要胜了。
【用法】
as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语
气，时态变化形式如下：
①和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be 动词用were）。
②和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
③和将来事实相反，从句用would/ could+ do。
Some people like to talk about film stars’ personal life as if they were close friends.
一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。
She loves the boy as if she were his mother．她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。
【高考链接】
He walked in as if he ______(buy) the school. （ 2012 广东 语法填空）
答案：had bought 句意：他走进来，似乎他买下了这个学校。as if 引导的方式状语从句中，
表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
12.at an end
结束；终结
It seems as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。（P26）
42
My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
我的假期结束了,明天我得回去工作了.
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了.
13.nation
/'ne ɪʃ n/ n. [C]民族；国家；国民
One-third of the nation felt it. 全国三分之一的地方都有震撼。（P26）
Now China is a rich and strong nation. 现在中国是一个富强的国家。
It was a story that touched the nation's heart. 这是一个感动了全体国民的故事。
【拓展】
（1）national /ˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国家的；民族的；国有的（常用于名词前）
Several new plays will be performed on National Day. 国庆日将上演几个新戏。
They are afraid of losing their national identity. 他们担心会失去他们的民族特色。
a national airline/museum/theatre 国营航空公司/国立博物馆/国家剧院
（2）international / ˌɪntəˈnæ ʃnəl/ adj. 国际的
international trade/law/sport 国际贸易/国际法/国际体育运动
an international airport/school/company 国际机场 / 学校 / 公司
international relations 国际关系
14.canal
/k ə'næ l/ n. [C] 运河；水道
A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and
canals. 一条8 公里长30 米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。（P26）
The Grand Canal joins the Hai River at Tianjin. 大运河在天津和海河汇合.
South America is joined to North America by a canal. 南美洲和北美洲由一条运河连在一起.
15.steam
/sti:m/
◎n. [U] 蒸汽；水汽
Steam burst from holes in the ground. 地上一些洞里冒出了蒸汽。（P26）
Steam rose from the boiling kettle. 壶里的水开了，冒着蒸汽。
a steam train/engine 蒸汽火车 / 机
◎vt. 蒸煮
Steam the carrots until they are just beginning to be tender. 将胡萝卜蒸至刚好变软。
16.dirt
/d ɜ:t/ n. [U] 污垢；泥土
Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. 石头山变成了泥沙河（P26）
His clothes were covered in dirt. 他的衣服沾满了污垢。
【拓展】
dirty /ˈdɜ:ti/ adj. 脏的；污秽的
dirty hands/clothes 脏手 / 衣服
a dirty mark 污迹
Try not to get too dirty! 别把身上弄得太脏！
I am always given the dirty jobs (= jobs that make you become dirty) .
让我干的都是些脏活。
43
17.ruin
/'ru: ɪn/
◎n.
①[C] 废墟；残存部分（多用复数）
Two dead men were found in the ruins after the explosion.
爆炸发生以后，在废墟中发现了两个已经死亡的人。
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15 秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P26）
The castle now lies in ruins. 这个城堡现在已成为一片废墟。
②[U] 破坏；毁灭；破产
Drinking was the ruin of him. 酗酒毁了他。
The bank helped to save the company from financial ruin. 银行帮助这家公司免于破产。
◎vt. 毁坏；毁灭；使破产
The crops were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。
The bad weather ruined our trip. 坏天气毁了我们的旅行.
My new shoes got ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥浆毁了。
18. suffering
/'s ʌfərɪŋ/ n.[U] (肉体或内心的)痛苦； 苦难；折磨
The suffering of the people was extreme. 人们遭受的灾难极为深重。（P26）
Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
This war has caused widespread human suffering. 这场战争给许许多多的人带来了苦难。
【拓展】
suffer /'s ʌfə/ vt.遭受；忍受 ；经历 vi. 遭受痛苦；受损害
19.extreme
/ ɪ k'stri:m/
adj. 极度的；极其的；极端的
The suffering of the people was extreme. 人们遭受的灾难极为深重。（P26）
We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.
目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。
The earth will experience extreme weather. 地球将会遭受极端天气。
【拓展】
extremely /ɪkˈstri:mli/ adv. 极其地；非常地 （通常与形容词和副词连用）
She found it extremely difficult to get a job. 她发觉找工作极其困难。
Everything is going on extremely well. 一切进展得非常顺利。
20.injure
/' ɪnd ʒə / vt.
①（尤指在事故中）使受伤；伤害
Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。（P26）
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
死伤的人数达到40 多万。（P26）
A number of bombs have exploded, seriously injuring at least five people.
数个炸弹爆炸,造成至少5 人重伤。
②损害；伤害（名誉、自尊等）
44
This could seriously injure the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。
【拓展】
（1）injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的；有伤的
Luckily, she isn't injured. 幸运的是，她没受伤。
The other injured man died soon. 另一名受伤男子不久就死了。
the injured 受伤的人；伤员
The injured were sent to a nearby hospital immediately. 伤者被立刻送到了附近的一所医院。
（2） injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n.[C,U] 伤害；损伤
Two players are out of the team because of injury . 两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
He is recovering from a knee injury. 他的膝伤正在康复。
21. △ surv ivor /sə'vaɪvə/ n. 幸存者；幸免于难者；经受过（苦难）的人
But how could the survivors believe it was natural? 幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象
呢？（P26）
It is said that there were no survivors of the plane crash. 据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
Many firms will die, but the survivors will get stronger than before.
许多公司将会倒闭，但是幸存下来的会更强大。
22.destroy
/d ɪ'str ɔɪ / vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几
乎毁了。（P26）
They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。
Heat gradually destroys vitamin C. 加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。
You have destroyed my hopes of happiness. 你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。
23.brick
/br ɪk/ [C,U] n.
砖；砖块
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地。（P26）
The school is built of brick. 那所学校是用砖建造的。
This garden is surrounded by high brick walls. 花园四周有高高的砖墙环绕。
24.dam
/dæ m/ n. 水坝；堰堤
Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. 两座大坝垮了，多
数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。（P26）
The Aswan Dam helps to control the River Nile in Egypt.
阿斯旺水坝有助于控制埃及的尼罗河。
Let's forget about it, it's all water over the dam.
忘了那件事吧, 这已经无法挽回了。
25.track
/træ k/
◎n.
①[C,U] 轨道 ; 铁轨
The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. 铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。（P26）
Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of
the future to run over them.
45
智者和勇者都不会躺在历史的轨道上等待未来列车碾压他们。
②[C]（人、动物或车辆留下的）足迹，踪迹；车辙
We followed the bear's tracks in the snow. 我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。
③[C]（赛跑、赛车等的）跑道
Suddenly an athlete fell on to the running track. 突然一名运动员摔倒在赛跑跑道上。
④[C] 小道;小径
We climbed up a winding track towards the top of the mountain .
我们沿着一条蜿蜒的小道爬向山顶。
◎vt. 跟踪; 追踪 ;（以卫星、雷达等）追踪……的动向; 监测
The hunter tracked this wolf and killed it. 猎人跟踪这只狼，并杀死了它。
Our radar began tracking the planes . 我们的雷达开始追踪飞机的动向。
【拓展】
tracker /ˈtrækə(r)/ n.[C] 追踪者；跟踪者
Web Tracker网路搜寻家
Sun Tracker太阳跟踪器
tracker dogs 警犬
26.useless
/'ju:sl ɪ s/ adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的
The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. 铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。（P26）
Computers would be useless without software writers.
没有编软件的人，计算机就会毫无价值。
She sits at home all day, watching TV and feeling useless.
她整天坐在家里，看着电视，觉得自己一无是处。
It's useless doing sth. 做……是无用的
It's useless worrying about it. 为这事担心无济于事。
【拓展】
（1）uselessly /'ju:sləslɪ/ adv. 无益地，无用地
The furniture was sitting around uselessly. 这些家具都毫无用处地摆放着.
（2）useful /ˈju:sfl/ 有用的；有益的；实用的；有帮助的
be useful to sb 对某人有好处/用处/益处
The information might be useful to us. 这些信息可能会对我们有用处。
be useful for（doing）sth 对（做）某事有好处/用处/益处
These plants are useful for improving the air quality.
这些植物有助于改善空气质量。
It's useful to do sth 做某事是有好处/用处/益处/ 帮助的
It is useful to learn English well. 学好英语是有帮助的。
（3） usefully /'ju:sfəlɪ/ adv. 有用地，有效地
Extra money could be usefully spent on this project. 多余的钱可以有效地用在这个项目上。
27.shock
/ ʃɒ k/
◎ vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动
People were shocked. 人们惊呆了。（P26）
The news of his death shocked all of us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。
46
◎n. 震惊； 休克；打击；电击
The little boy was speechless with shock. 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。
He has never recovered from the shock of his wife’s death.
他从未从妻子去世的打击中恢复过来。
Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock . 别碰那根电线，不然会触电的。
【拓展】
shocked / ʃɔkt/ adj. （人感到）惊愕的；受震惊的
shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 令人震惊的；触目惊心的
I was shocked to hear the shocking news. 听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。
28.rescue
/'reskju:/
◎n. 援救；营救
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些医生和救援人员就
困在废墟下面。（P26）
rescue workers/boats/helicopters 救援人员 / 船只 / 直升机
Ten fishermen were saved in a sea rescue. 在一次海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。
◎vt. 援救；营救
To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工煤矿，其中多数人得救了。
（P26）
rescue sb./ sth. from… 从……中营救某人/某物
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20 人。
A student was rescued from a big fire. 一名学生从火灾中被救了出来。
【拓展】
rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者
Many people burst into tears when a rescuer carried a girl out of the ruins.
当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。
29.trap
/træ p/
◎vt. 使陷入困境；困住；使陷入圈套；使中计
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些医生和救援人员就
困在废墟下面。（P26）
be trapped in… 被困在……中
The children trapped in the burning building were saved at last.
被困在燃烧着的楼房里的孩子们最后得救了。
。
He was trapped in an unhappy marriage. 他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
I feel trapped in my job. 我觉得被工作缠住了。
trap sb into（doing）sth 诱使某人（做）某事
They trapped her into marrying their son. 他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。
◎n. 陷阱；困境; 圈套；诡计
A fox was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
Some women see marriage as a trap. 有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
47
30.electricity
/ ɪ lek'tr ɪ sətɪ/ n. 电；电流；电学
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 水、食物，和电都很难弄到。（P26）
The electricity had been cut off. 停电了。
【拓展】
（1）electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电的；带电的；发电的；导电的； 电动的
an electric light/guitar/ blanket / fan /motor/ current
电灯/电吉他/电热毯/电扇/电动机/电流
Don’t forget that electric vehicles are cleaner and more environmental friendly. 不要忘了电动车
辆更清洁环保。
（2）electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkl/ adj. 用电的；与电有关的；电学的
electrical equipment/appliances 电气设备/电器
electrical power/energy 电力 /电能
【高考链接】
Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.（2012 全国I 短文改错）
答案：electric—electricity 该句中our everyday use of water and electricity 是指我们日常生活
中水和电的使用，因此用名词形式。electric 是形容词，意思是“电的，电动的”， electricity
是名词，意思是“电”。
31.disaster
/d ɪ'z ɑ:stə/
n. [C] 灾难；灾祸
people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
（P26）
an air disaster 空难
natural /environmental disasters 自然灾害/环境灾难
Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。
32.dig out
挖出；找出；翻出（收存、藏起或遗忘很久之物）(dug; dug)
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组
成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
（P26）
We should dig out weeds before sowing seeds. 在播种前我们得先将杂草挖掉。
We are expecting to dig out some important facts. 我们希望能找出一些重要的事实。
Why did you dig out all these old magazines? 你为什么把这些旧杂志翻出来?
33.bury
/'ber ɪ/ vt. (buried; buried)
①埋葬；掩埋；埋藏；隐藏
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组
成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
（P26）
I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。
She had learnt to bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。
②沉浸于；专心致志于
bury one’s head / oneself in… = be buried in… 专心致志于……
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My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.
= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
Buried in my book, I didn’t realize it was raining. 我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。
34.mine
/ma ɪ n/
◎n. 矿; 矿井
a gold/ coal /diamond mine 金矿/煤矿/ 钻石矿
◎vt.& vi. 在…中开采，开采
The coal mine is being shut down because it no longer has enough coal that can be mined
economically. 这座煤矿即将关闭，因为从经济上考虑，矿井里已经没有足够的煤可供开采。
◎pron. (I的名词性的物主代词) 我的
She tells me her troubles. I tell her mine. 我和她互相倾诉烦恼。
A friend of mine used to play soccer for Liverpool. 我的一个朋友在利物浦队踢过球。
miner /ma ɪ n/ n. 矿工
To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工煤矿，其中多数人得救了。
（P26）
35.shelter
/' ʃelt ə/
◎n. 居所;（尤指用以躲避风雨或攻击的）遮蔽物；避难处；
（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收
容所；庇护所
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被
毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。（P26）
People were running for the shelter from the storm. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。
Many are sleeping in the open because they have no shelter.
很多人因为没有栖身之所，只好露宿在外。
a night shelter for the homeless 无家可归者夜间收容所
an animal shelter 动物收容处
◎vt. 掩蔽; 庇护; 保护 vi. 躲避; 避难
Perhaps I sheltered my daughter too much. 也许我对女儿保护过度了。
shelter from sth 躲避（风雨或危险）
shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 保护……免受……
We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。
Some parents want to shelter their children from any harm.
有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。
36.a (great) number of
许多；大量的 (后跟可数名词复数)
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
由于地震发生时人们都在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。
（P26）
【辨析】 a number of 和the number of
1.“a number of +复数名词(许多……) ” 作主语,谓语动词用复数。
A number of students were absent from the class yesterday. 昨天有许多学生缺席。
2.“ the number of +复数名词(……的数量) ”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
The number of students in this university is 5,000. 这所大学的学生人数已达5,000。
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37.title /'ta ɪtl/ n. 题目；标题；头衔
The title of this play is ‘Othello’. 这部剧作的标题是“奥赛罗”。
He was given the title of prime minister. 他被授予总理之职。
The title will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London. 在伦敦举行的一个仪式上，这个
头衔将正式授予给我。
38.reporter
/r ɪ'pɔ:tə/ n. 记者
a reporter from the New York Times 《纽约时报》的记者
The reporter is doing a survey of public attitudes. 那位记者正在进行民意调查。
【拓展】
report /r ɪˈpɔ:t/
◎n. 报道; 报告; 成绩报告单
Are these newspaper reports true? 报纸上这些报道属实吗？
report on sth. 关于……方面的报告
They will publish their report on the health service in a few weeks.
他们将在几周内发表他们对公共医疗服务的调查报告。
And now she is getting good school reports. 现在她的学习成绩越来越好。
◎vt. 报道; 报告;汇报
It was reported that seven people had been killed in the accident. 据报道七人在事故中丧生。
The crash happened soon after the pilot reported engine trouble.
飞行员报告发动机有故障后很快飞机就坠毁了。
39.bar
/b ɑ:/ n.[C] 条；棒；条状物；酒吧
What is your favorite chocolate bar? 你最喜欢哪种巧克力？
All the ground floor windows were fitted with bars. 底层所有的窗户都装了铁栅。
I found David in the bar called the Red Lion. 我在“红狮”酒吧找到了戴维。
40.damage
/'dæ m ɪ dʒ/
◎n. [U] 损害；损失；毁坏
cause damage to sb/sth 对……引起损害
The earthquake caused serious damage to the house. 地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。
do damage to sb/sth 对……造成损害
The storm didn't do much damage to crops. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。
◎ vt. 损失；毁坏；损害
The fire badly damaged the town hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害健康。
【辨析】destroy，damage，ruin
1.destroy 只用作动词，指强调用某种摧毁性的力彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作"破坏"、
"毁灭"解,也可以指希望、计划等破灭。
The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。
His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
2.damage 可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与 to sb/sth 连用。指部分"损坏"、
"损害"或指价值有所降低。一般被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
50
Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.
暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计
的房屋。
The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。
3.ruin 可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作动词时,作“破坏；毁灭；弄糟"解；用作名词时,
表示"毁灭；毁坏；废墟"等抽象概念。表示破坏严重,以致不能修复, 这种破坏不是一次性毁
灭某物，而是强调逐渐损坏的结果。
The floods ruined many precious paintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。
You’ll ruin your health if you go on like this.
这样下去你会毁了你的身体的。
The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
41.frighten
/'fra ɪtn/ vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you. 对不起，我没有吓唬你的意思。
Don't put your prices too high or you'll frighten the customers off.
不要把价格提得太高,要不会把顾客吓跑的.
frightening
/'fra ɪtən ɪŋ/ adj. 令人恐惧的
It was a frightening night. 那是一个可怕的夜晚。（P28）
frightened
/'fra ɪtnd/
adj. （人感到）受惊的；受恐吓的
The frightened boy was looking for his mother everywhere.
这个受惊吓的小孩到处找妈妈。
be frightened to sth. 不敢做某事
Liza was too frightened to make a sound.
莉莎实在吓坏了，不敢弄出一点声音来。
be frightened of doing sth. 担心做某事
In a way, I suppose I'm frightened of failing.
在一定程度上，我想我有点惧怕失败。
42.congratulation /k
ən ɡrætʃʊ'leɪʃn/
n.祝贺；恭贺；（复数）贺词
Congratulations. We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking
competition about new Tangshan.
恭喜你。我们高兴地告诉你，你在新唐山为主题的中学生演讲比赛中获胜了。
（P30）
You are admitted to Beijing University. Congratulations. 你被北大录取了，祝贺你。
congratulations on sth.
Congratulations on your happy marriage! 祝贺你们喜结良缘！
【拓展】
congratulate /kənˈgrætʃuleɪt/ 向（某人）道贺; 祝贺
I congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心祝贺你。
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人（做）某事
I congratulate President Donald Trump on his victory here.
我在此祝贺唐纳德·特朗普总统的胜利。
He sent an e-mail to congratulate her on her winning the first place in the debating competition.
他发了封邮件祝贺她赢得这次辩论比赛的第一名。
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