2019 新人教版高中英语新教材选择性必修三课文及翻译
新人教版高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译
Unit1 Reading and Thinking
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
西方绘画艺术简史
What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many
different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps
the best
way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the
centuries.
什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的
一
篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以
来西方绘
画的发展。
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
中世纪(5 世纪到15 世纪)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often
primitive and
two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else
to
show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone
(1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real
environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic
human
faces and deep emotional impact.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。
他们
的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要
性。这种
情况在13 世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267-1337)而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带有宗
教主题，
但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和
深刻的情
感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
文艺复兴时期(14 世纪到17 世纪)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result,
painters
concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to
life. An
important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-
1428).
Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519, Michelangelo(1475-1564), and
Raphael
(1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest
art that
Europe had ever seen.
新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。
他们开
始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401-1428)对透
视法的运
用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多达芬·奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托
和马萨乔
的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some
of the
best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this
technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a
master of
shadow and
light.
另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格，一些最好的油画
看上
去就像是照片。尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技
艺达到顶
1
峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and
the
world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate
pictures of
themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important
historical events
or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and
interesting
to look at.
在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上流社会
人士
都想购买自己和所爱之人的准确照片。其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的
画作。最
后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
印象派时期(19 世纪后期到20 世纪初期)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the
mid-19th
century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world
looked
like Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionis
emerged
in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-
1926)
called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement
in the
scenethe subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene
itself.
直到19 世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。在那之后，不再需要绘画来
保
存人和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由
此，印象
派在法国应运而生。这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德·莫奈(1840-196)的一幅名为《印
象日出》
的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动一场景给他的主观印象一一
而不是场
景本身的详细记录。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir
(1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time
period,
Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the
outer
image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿(1841-1919
年)
则以人物为关注对象。雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、
色彩和
生命。他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
现代艺术(20 世纪至今)
After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next?" Painters such
as
Picasso (1881-1973tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a
new way,
with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality Still others turned
to
abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the
question,
"What is art?
在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问不一步我们该做什么?”像毕加索(1881-1973)这样
的
画家试图用一种新的方法立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人则赋予他们的
画中一种
写实但又像梦一样的品质特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示
现实，而
是提出一个问题“什么是艺术?”
Unit1 using language
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
中国古代艺术展览
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The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, "from Shang to
Qing:
Chinese Art Through the Ages." Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful
art from
the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash
paintings,
our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
里奇菲尔德美术博物馆很荣幸为您介绍我们的新展览—— “从商朝到清朝：历代中国
艺
术” 。加入我们一起来探索来自中央王国（即中国，译者注）具有 3,000 多年历史的
美妙艺
术。 从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古 代的艺术天分。
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one
of
the great works of Tang Yin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and
failed to
gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained
recognition as
one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains,
trees, and
houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old,
it looks
as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
本次展览的亮点是唐寅 (1470— 1524) 的杰作之一—《函关雪霁图》。 唐寅出生在明朝，
他曾试图考取文官，但失败了，所以他转而从事绘画。 最终，他被公认为中国有史以
来最伟
大的艺术家之一。 这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展现了高山、树木和被雪覆盖的房屋。
虽然它
已经有500 多年的历史了，但看起来清新且充满生机，就像刚被创作出来一样。
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty
(1600-1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they
showed great
skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have
come from
the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711- 1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
同样十分重要的（看点）是来自商代（公元前 1600 一公元前 1046) 的近百件青铜器藏
品。
虽然不清楚创作这些伟大作品的艺术家是谁，但他们在创作这些美丽的作品时表现出
了高超的
技艺。 其中一些展品袚认为是乾隆皇帝(1711 一1799) 的收藏品，乾隆皇帝十分赞赏商
朝的
青铜器。
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618-907) sculptures. Most of these
are of
Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to
show
expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also
boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from
India
and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and
they
are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures,
one
sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
最后，我们还有许多唐代(618—907) 的雕塑精品。这些雕塑中大多数与佛教有关。虽
然
很早之前佛教便传入了中国，但直到公元7 世纪它才真正开始传播开来。与此同时，
丝绸之路
沿线的贸易也蓬勃发展。因此，中国雕塑深受由印度和中亚经丝绸之路传来的佛教艺
术的影响。
这些作品是为了传播佛教，而且它们外观精美、品质上乘。 看着这些雕塑中人物的脸，
你会
看到过去的面孔。历史被赋予了生命。
This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee
that"From
Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages"will transport you to another time with its
amazing
collection of works.
这只是本次展览供您参观的展品中的一小部分。我们保证“从商朝到清朝：历代中国
艺术”
展将凭借其令人惊叹的藏品让你穿越至另一个时代。
"From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages"will run until November 25.
3
“从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术” 展将持续到11 月25 日。
Opening hours are from 9: 00 a. m. to 5: 00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday(the
museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4: 30 p.m..
开放时间为星期二到星期日的上午9 点到下午5 点（博物馆星期一闭馆）。下午四点
半以
后不准任何人进入展馆。
Admission: $10 for adults; S8 for students $5 for children under 12; free for children under
5.
门票：成人10 美元；学生8 美元；12 岁以下儿童5 美元；5 岁以下儿童免费。
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum
博物馆内禁止拍照和饮食。
Unit2 Reading and Thinking
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
健康的生活习惯
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own
decisions.
However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad
habits, if
left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example
some of
them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and
mental
health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is
essential.
They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立开始自己做决定。然而，在这个时期，有些青
少年
很容易养成不良习惯。如果不加以控制，这些不良习惯长大后可能会导致更严重的问
题。例如，
有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止这些不良习惯支
配青少年
的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现不良习惯并做出适当的改变。
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying
based
on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do." In many ways, our lifestyle
is the
sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it
over and
over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to
change.
The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
改变不良习惯绝非易事，即使多次尝试也是如此。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的
著名
谚语说道:“重复的行为造就了我们”。在许多方面，我们的生活方式是我们所做选择
的总和。
我们选择做某事，然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快，这种选择就变成自动形成了一个更
难改变的
习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯如何形成的，我们就可以改变。
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the"habit cycle", which works
like
this:
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯周期”，其工作原理如下:
Firstly, there is "cue", an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
首先，有一个“提示”，即可以作为做某事信号的动作、事件或情况。
Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次，有一个“惯例”，即你对“暗示”做出的常规反应。
Thirdly, there is a "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三有“奖励”，我们从“惯例”中获得的好处或感觉。
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which
4
makes us feel happy (reward) The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle,
and the
bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
例如，当我们感到不快乐时(提示)，我们会吃很多不健康的零食(惯例)，这会让我们感
到
快乐(奖励)。奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习
惯。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles
and
then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles
with our
own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something
more
positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to
some of
our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from
changing
bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we
come toan
escalator(cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into
something
more positive by taking the stairs instead.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后
尽力
去调整。我们可以通过将我们习惯周期中的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合来做到
这一点。
例如，我们可以尝试用更积极的事情来代替消极的习惯。因此，当我们再次感到不开
心时(提
示)，与其吃零食，不如听些我们喜欢的音乐(惯例)，这会让我们感到放松(奖励)除了改
变坏习
惯，我们还可以利用习惯循环来创造好习惯。例如，当我们走到自动扶梯时(提示)，我
们通常
的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯，但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯，使之变为更积极的
事情。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly and if we are not successful straight away, we
often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not
suddenly,
but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, "A journey of a thousand
miles
begins with a single step. "One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of
change, a
person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not
easy to
break bad habits.
我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观
而放
弃。实际上，最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间的改变。正如
中国哲学
家老子所言“:千里之行始于足下。”第一步看似渺小，却是必不可少的。为了达到改
变的目标，
人必须表现出一定的纪律性，并不断地迈出许多小步毕竟，改掉不良习惯并不容易。
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no"magic
pill" or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide
on
some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。然而，没有可以帮助你的“神奇药
丸”或删
除按钮;你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并做出一些改变。你有能力建立充满良好习惯的幸
福健康
的生活.
Unit2 Using language
Dear Editor 亲爱的编辑:
After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly
ever
felt well, either physically or mentally. I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most
worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too
5
在我参加了你们关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营之后，我意识到无论是身体上还是
精神
上，我几乎都感觉不好。我经常感到困倦和头，缺乏激情。不过，最让我担心的是，
我很容易
得流感，还经历了多次牙痛。
At the end of the camp I heard, Change the world by changing yourself. " This stimulated my
motivation. A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had
damaged my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat
nothing
with sugar and to exercise regular
在夏念营结束时，我听到“通过改变自己来改变世界”，这激发了我的动力有一次，
一位
牙医给我做了检査，他告诉我，我用餐中的糖分太多，损害了我的牙齿和健康。我下
定决心要
改变我生活中的两件事:不吃含糖的东西和定期锻炼。
After that I stopped buying all the sweets， biscuits， and sugary drinks that I used to
have every
day. Whenever I went out with friends， I brought snacks from home， things that didn， t
have any
added sugar: fruit， nuts， dried meat， etc.
从那以后，我再也不买以前每天都吃的糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。每当我和朋友出去玩
时，我
都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分:水果、坚果、肉干等.
My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did
something
active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. Other times I jumped
on my
skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk.
我的锻炼非常简单:我每天至少出去30 分钟，做一些积极的运动。有时我和表兄弟姐
妹打
乒球或羽毛球。其他时间，我跳上滑板，骑着车在附近转悠，或者只是散个长步。
The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body
and
mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either.
Best of all,
in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like Im in control of my own life. To make
choices
about myself is within my own power. I CAN change myself. I just need to try
结果非常棒。我感到身体和精神都比以前更富活力，更加强健。我现在晚上睡得很香。
我
也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨了。在我看来，最重要的是我对自己的感觉。我觉得
我可以掌
控自己的生活。在自己的能力范围内做出自己的选择。我可以改变自己。我只需要去
尝试。
Yours truly，
敬启
Wang Lu
王露
Dear Editor 亲爱的编辑:
As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my
choices,
especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life
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当我参加关于个人生活选择的夏令营时，我开始分析自己的选择，尤其是我做些什么
来放松自
己，以及它是如何影响我的整个生活的。
After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.
I
got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more
worn
out afterwards! So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important to adjust my
lifestyle. I
decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.
高中毕业后，我感到焦虑不安，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。我太投入了，没日
没夜
地玩游戏。玩游戏很开心，但是后来我甚至感觉更累了!所以在夏令营结束后，我意识
到调整
自己的生活方式非常非常重要。我决定掌控自己的生活，找到其他放松的方法。
It was a big struggle not to Join my friends in playing online games as I'm mad for them.
However, I realised that to succeed in quitting, I had to replace it with something else. So I
thought
about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling. watching comedies, and playing basketball were
the
things I thought of doing instead.
不和我的朋友们一起玩络游戏真是太难了，因为我非常喜欢网络游戏。然而，我意识
到，
要想成功戒掉(网络游戏)，我必须做些其他事情来代替它。所以我想尝试做些事情。攀
岩、保
龄球、看喜剧和打篮球都是我想代替游戏的事情。
Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! It has enhanced the quality my life,
improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get refreshed through climbing, spend
more
time with my dad, and get to meet news friends
现在我和爸爸每个月都一块去攀岩!它提高了我的生活质量，改善了我的健康，增加了
我
的幸福感。爬山让我精神焕发，与爸爸在一起的时间更多了，并结识了新的朋友。
After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic I feel that I
can
change myself for the better. And if thats true for me, then it might truly be possible to
change the
world for the better. As Gandhi said, ' Be the change you want to see in the world
用了六个月尝试新的放松方式后，我感到精力充沛多了。我觉得我可以变得更好。如
果这
对我来说是对的，那么也许真的有可能把世界变得更加美好。正如甘地所说:“欲变世
界，先
变其身。”
Sincerely,
真诚地，
George Fielding
乔治・菲尔丁
7
unit3 Environmental Protection
Reading and thinking
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
气候变化需要全世界的关注
We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting
warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting
ice and
rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
我们对气候变化已经知道几十年了。毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和（见图表）。
海
洋和大气的变暖，冰的融化和海平面的上升提供了全球气候急剧变化的证据。
In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found
on
Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all
that
remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones". An expert who has studied polar bears
for many
years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and
died.
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not
hunt
seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case
showed
how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.
2013 年，在挪威北极斯瓦尔巴特岛发现的一张北极熊死亡的新闻照片让很多人震惊。
根
据发现北极熊尸体的科学家们的说法，北极熊仅存的只是“皮肤和骨头”。一位研究
北极熊多
年的专家说，从其尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死了。专家称，气候变化导致的
低海冰水
平意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。
这一令人
震惊的案例显示了温度的上升对地球生态的影响。
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate
scientists
often mention a key climate process called the *greenhouse effect", which has two common
meanings: the "natural" greenhouse effect and the "man-made" greenhouse effect.
greenhouse
effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's
surface as
short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
Greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat,
keeping
Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
However, the
"man-made" greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge
amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in
the
atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的升高呢？气候科学家经常提到一个叫做“温室
效应”
的关键气候过程，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。温
室效应是
指太阳的热量进入大气层，以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。热量以较长的波长释
放回太空。
大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适
宜居住。
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。然而，“人为”的温室效应现在已经成为一个
大问题。
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导
致地球表
8
面温度迅速上升。
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an
increase
in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but
also
costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate
actions, this
warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news
reports
are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heat waves causing deaths and
economic
losses.
有强有力和全面的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增加，不
仅造
成严重破坏，而且夺去了人的生命。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，
这一变
暖趋势可能会继续下去，将付出更高的代价。事实上，有关极端暴雨和热浪造成死亡
和经济损
失的新闻报道经常播出。
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes
to
the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments
need to
consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce
greenhouse gas
emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint" by restricting the
amount of
carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to
educate
everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most
serious
issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help?
持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。这需要全世界人民的关
注。
政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。我们个人也
可以通过
限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每
一个机会，
教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重
问题。那
么你会怎么做？
人教版选择性必修第三册 unit3 Environmental Protection
using language
teaching target：write a report on an environmental issue
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
减少漓江水污染
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known
tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of
domestic
and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative
effects
on the river's water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some
actions
that have been taken to deal with it.
美丽的漓江及其令人惊叹的周边风光是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。
它
每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，它作为顶级目的地的声誉对河流的水质产
生了负面
影响。这份报告着眼于水污染问题以及为解决这个问题而采取的一些行动。
9
Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of
tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats
contributed to the
problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the
water. The
growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of
commercial
and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and
commercial
waste ending up in the river.
此前，漓江的水质因游客数量的增加而受到严重影响，许多游客经常向漓江扔垃圾。
旅游
船太多导致了这个问题。船上的厨房用了很多油，这些油经常被扔进水里。旅游业的
增长也意
味着当地人口的迅速增加，以及商业和工业企业的数量。水污染水平上升，更多的家
庭和商业
垃圾最终流入河流。
In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These
chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish
species. Local
officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt
that
urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.
为了养活更多的人，更多的化学物质被用来增加农作物产量。这些化学物质导致严重
的水质问
题，导致鱼类数量减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应该采取紧急
措施恢复
河流的原貌。
A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the
issues.
The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water
conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens
of
polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations
regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour
boat
routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the
media to
spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same
time, they
started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organizations for abuses. With
these
measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to
come.
启动了一项全面的倡议，采取了一些措施来解决这些问题。污水处理设施的建设，改
善了
水质，节约了用水。生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。数十家污染企业被关闭或
转移。地
方政府对进一步发展工业制定了严格的规定。此外，有关旅游船路线和垃圾处理方法
的新规定
也已出台。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环境意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。
同时，他
们开始定期进行检查，对旅游组织的滥用职权进行罚款。有了这些措施，相信漓江的
美丽将世
代保存。
In addition, the ambitious "Water Ten Plan" is also now tackling water pollution across the
country. Other initiatives, such as the "River Chief System", hold senior officials responsible
for
reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, China's waterways are heading
towards a
clean and sustainable future.
此外，雄心勃勃的“水十大计划”目前还在全国范围内解决水污染问题。其他举措，
如“河长
制”，要求高级官员负责减少水污染。随着这些活动的实施，中国的水道正朝着清洁
和可持续
的未来迈进。
10
Unit4 Reading and Thinking
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
次成功的失败经历
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship
Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most amous explorers of his day and it was
considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below are some of Blackborow' s
diary
entries.
珀西·布克博罗于1914 年加入欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号轮船南极探险之旅。
沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣
耀。下面
是布菜克博罗的一些日记.
31 October 1914
1914 年10 月31 日
Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement
about the Antarctic expedition.
好吧，碰巧有一天早上我了份报纸，看了一则关于南极探险队的广告。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Emest Shackleton ——this is the
adventure that
I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.
However,
when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was
too
young and wasnt qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with
them that I
secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately，
three
days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered
me a job，
but only after he promised me， If anyone has to be eaten， then you will be the first! ＂
He
assigned me to be a steward， and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men， three times a
day.
同伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险一一这是我梦寐以求的冒险。我已经准备
好了。
19 岁的时候，我身体健康而且精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒
绝了我，
因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。但我对与他们同行的想法非常感兴趣，于是我偷偷地
上了“坚
忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱里。不幸的是，我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿
不想回头，
所以他给我提供了一份工作，但他保证，“如果有人要被吃掉，那你就是第一个!”他
让我当一
名伙计，我现在做28 个人一天三顿的饭菜。
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing laces I have
been
to!
当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我!
21 Nov,1915
1915 年11 月21 日
11
The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached
Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and trul stuck! We saw the ship get
crushed by
the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
这段路程并不轻松。正当我们接近南极时，“坚忍”号被海土的浮冰卡住了。周围的
冰都
冻结了，我们千真万确地被困住了!我们看到船被冰挤坏了。当船沉没时，我们的心也
随之沉
没。
Before we abandoned the ship. Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue
our
most essential suppliesthe small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and
blankets. This
was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and
Shackleton
himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.
Hussey
often plays it to keep our spirits up.
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇静地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢出我们最基本的
给养
一小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在不是恐慌的时。我们不准带走大部分
私人物品，
沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有的金子。但令我们感到惊讶的是，他让赫西留着他的班卓
琴。赫西
经常弹班卓琴来保持我们的精神振奋。
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming,
and the ice will soon begin to melt.
我们现在在冰上扎营，我们一直在设法生存，但春天来了，冰很快就会开始融化。
20May;1916
1916 年5 月20 日
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to
worse.
We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rock shore of this miserable
place.
Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1, 320
kilometres
away-the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If
Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at
Elephant
Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
我们已经苦苦挣扎了好几天，但是大象岛上的情况越来越糟。我们现在挤在一条船上，
在
这个悲惨的地方的岩石海岸上。我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，去1320 公里
外的南
乔治亚求援，这趟航程太危险和困难了我们所有人都无法乘小船上路。如果沙克尔顿
失败了，
我们是否有营救的希望吗?不，世界上没有任何海军在大象岛停留过，也没有人知道我
们在这
里。
I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a
seal
or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food,
warm
and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny da avs and my mothers face . However, these happy
12
memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
我感到情绪低落寒冷多风，岛上没有植物。有时我们能抓住海豹或企鹅来吃。否则，
就没
有食物了。我尝试着想一些更快乐的事情:体面的食物暖和的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光
明媚的
日子以及妈妈的脸…然而，这些美好的回忆很快就被突如其来的冷风打断了。
I shouted. Shut the door
我大喊:“关上门!”
Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom, came the reply. We’ve caught
another penguin， so it＇s penguin soup tonight!
“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”传来一声回答，“我们又抓了一
只企鹅，
所以今晚是企鹅汤!。＂
Bless Frank Wild. the kindest man there is after our leader Ernest Shackleton. How could I
become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-lees!
保佑弗兰克・怀尔德，我们的领袖欧内斯特・沙克尔顿之后最善良的人。我怎么能变
得像
托马斯・奥德・里斯一样自私又脾气暴躁!
Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their
perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都已经死了。他们对他人的真诚关心，他们的
毅力
和决心使我充满希望。
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home， after all.
毕竟，我们还是有机会回家的。
Unit 4 using language
THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
锲而不舍的回报
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to
imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen
to them?
What if they were delayed? We fell so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There
was
nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
我们看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。很容易想象他们将面临的危险。他们会回来找
我们
吗?他们可能会发生什么?如果他们被耽搁了怎么办?我们感到如此孤独和绝望。不过，
这并没
有持续很长时间。没有么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了.
Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we
needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the
ocean and
13
drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees growing on
Antarctica
and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but
it stayed
burning even in strong winds.
生活转入了常。活下去耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如:我们需要水，而大象岛没
有
水。我们发现我们可以融化海洋中的冰块并饮用其中的水。但我们怎么生火呢?南极地
区不长
树，也没有油料，所以唯一可供我们用作燃料的便是动物脂肪。燃烧脂肪会产生油膩
的黑烟，
但它即使在强风中也能燃烧。
Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our
group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the
meals:
"The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures. If it werent for sea animals, we would
all
starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I
could. But it
was difficult.
食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上没有找到蔬菜和水果。我们小组的一员，莱昂内
尔・格
林斯特里特在日记中提到他对饭菜是何其厌烦:“现在食物全是海洋生物的肉。”如果
不是海洋
动物，我们都会挨饿。作为厨师，做饭是我的职责，所以我想方设法去变化伙食的花
样。但这
可真不容易。
We had to be careful not to go go outside too often， as the changing temperatures could
make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes
as to
become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us
also
became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our
eyes and
burnt our lungs.
我们必须小心，不要经常出门，因为变幻的温度可能会使我们生病。穿衣服太多而太
热同
穿得太少而变冷差不多一样危险。汗水可能很快就会结成冰。我们中的许多人还因为
燃烧动物
脂肪产生的黑烟而生病。它伤了我们的眼睛，烧伤了我们的肺。
The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team
spirit
kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We
also
celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This
was an
episode in my life that I would never forget.
我们22 个人就这样在寒冷中生活四个月我们的纪律和队合作精神使我们保持乐观，并
帮
助我们以积极的态度成功地克服了恐惧。我们还庆祝生日、庆祝节日，甚至捕获到ン
只海洋动
物也庆祝一番。这是我一生中永远不会忘记的一段插曲.
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our
tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food and the care of our family
and
friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And
he paid
us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
当我们最终获救时，我们长长得松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。我
们终
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于可以自由地回家，躺在温暖的床上，品尝可口的食物，享受家庭和朋友的关爱了。
乐观和对
沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持顽强地活了下来。他给我们的回报则是承诺返回岛上，
并且把我
们从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出来。
Unit5 Reading and Thinking
A FEW SIMIPLE FORMS OF ENGLSH POEMS
简体英文诗
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe
a
certain image in the readers mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and
sorrow. The
distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and
vivid
language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and
arrangement of
words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express
themselves.
Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述读者心目中的某个
形象。
而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情，比如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简
洁:语言
描述生动、形象:具备整合的意象:使用明喻和隐喻等文学手法:词、句的、节奏等编排
有序。诗
人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。现在我们来看看几种格式比较简单的诗。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually
the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the
point but
has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong
rhythm,
and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem
contradictory,
but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes children
learn
about language.
孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣(如诗歌A)
的
语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并
较多单词
重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背
通。通
过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the"list poem", which contains a list of things, people,
ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length
and
repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme(like B
and C),
while others do not.
清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种，它包含一系列发展特定主题的事物、人物想法或描述。
清
单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单
诗有韵脚
(如B 和C)，但有一些没有。
A
Hush, little baby, don't say a word
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Papas gonna buy you a mockingbird
If that mockingbird wont sing,
Papas gonna buy you a diamond ring
If that diamond ring turns to brass
Papa,s gonna buy you a looking glass
If that looking-glass gets broke,
Papa, s gonna buy you a billy goat
If that billy goat won't pull
Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull
小宝宝，别说话
爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟
小嘲鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石戒
钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买个小山羊。
如果小山羊变老了，
爸爸给你买驾牛车。
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together
Hundreds of birds that go singing by
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
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Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn
But only one mother the world over
Gorge Cooper
母亲
乔治·库柏
天空夜星如织
海滨贝壳满地
鸟儿鸣唱飞过
蜜蜂沐浴阳光
黎明四野朝露
苜蓿蜜蜂成群
草从蝴蝶争艳
但世界浩瀚，
我唯有一母。
C
LIFE
Life can be good
Life can be bad
Life is mostly cheerful but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person
Sitting in court.
(C)
生活生活可能美满，
生活可能悲伤，
生活常常充满欢乐，
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是梦一场，
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生活可能是智慧结晶。
生活可能将一个人送上被告法庭。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made
up
of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few
words. Look
at the example( D)
另外一种业余爱好者容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，你可
以用
少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面或某一特定的心情。请看
例子D。
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines,
containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but
is very
popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture
and
create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem(E)on the right is a translation
from
Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly
俳句诗( Haiku)是一种日本诗，由17 个音节组成。它是三行格式，分别包含5、7 和5
个
音节。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间这种诗也是很流行的。
它容易写，
而且像五行詩一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感
情。右边
的徘句诗(E)就是从日文翻译出来的，展示了一蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A
lot
of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比
如这一首诗(F)。
D
Brother
Beautiful. athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
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是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch
Look. a butterfly
落下的花朵回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，
是个蝴蝶!
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed into stone
Day by day upon the mountain top
Wind and rain revolve
Should the traveller return
this stone would utter speech
Wang Jian
望夫石
王健
望夫处，江悠悠，
化为石，不回头
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write
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poems of your own. Give it a try!
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，你最终也许想自己作诗了。试一试吧!
Unit5 Using language
WIND ON THE HILL
No one can tell me
Nobody knows
Where the wind comes from
Where the wind goes
It's flying from somewhere
As fast as it can I couldn't keep up with it,
Not if I ran
But if I stopped holding he string of my kite.
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it
Wherever it blew I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes
Abut where the wind comes from
Nobody knows
A.A. Milne
山上的风没有人能够告诉我，
20
也没有人会知道，
风来自哪里，
又将去往哪里。
它从一个地方吹来，
尽它所能，
飞快地吹来我不能赶上它，
即使我奔跑。
但如果我停下来不再紧握我手中的风筝线，
它将被风吹跑，
一天一夜
后来当我发现它
它吹向任何地方，
我会知道风
也曾经去过那里。
所以当我能告诉他们
风去了哪里…
但是风从哪里来
没有人知道。
(AA 米尔恩)
DREAM
Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fy
Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow
Langston Hughes
梦想
紧紧抓住梦想，
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梦想若是消亡
生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀
再也不能飞翔
紧紧抓住梦想
梦想若是消丧
生命就像贫瘠的荒野
雪覆冰封
万物不再生长
(兰斯顿・休斯)
A MATCH
f love were what the rose is
And I were the leaf.
Our lives would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is
And I were like the leaf.
A.C. Swinburne
配偶
爱情若是红玫瑰，
我是绿叶永相随
花叶同枝共生长
任凭日晒与风吹，
田园小径均开遍，
共担忧伤共喜悦，
爱情若是红玫瑰，
我是绿叶永相随。
(AC・斯温伯恩）
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