2026 高考英语·二轮复习专题突破
专题28：虚拟语气与情态动词
核
【核心知识·深度解读】
教学目标
1. 知识目标：掌握虚拟语气的三种基本时态（与现在/过去/将来相反）；
掌握含蓄条件句、名词性从句中的虚拟；掌握情态动词的推测用法（must/
can/could/may/might）和“情态动词+have done”结构；2. 能力目标：能
在语法填空、短文改错中准确识别并运用虚拟语气和情态动词；3. 素养目标：
通过语气变化，理解说话者的情感态度。
教学重难点
重点：if 条件句虚拟语气的时态倒退；名词性从句中的虚拟（suggest/
insist 等）；情态动词表推测的层级；难点：含蓄条件句（without/but
for）；错综时间虚拟语气；情态动词+have done 的区别。
虚拟语气
环节一：课前诊断（3 分钟）—— 暴露学生对虚拟语气的陌生感
1. If I ________ (be) you, I would accept the offer.
2. I wish I ________ (have) more time to travel last year.
3. He suggested that we ________ (start) earlier.预设错误及对策： 第 1 题可能填 am → 强调“与现在相反，be 动词用
were”；第 2 题可能填 have → 强调“与过去相反，用 had done”；第 3 题
可能填 started → 强调“suggest 后的宾语从句用(should)+动词原形”。
环节二：考点精讲
考点 1：if 条件句虚拟语气（时态倒退）
时间 从句 主句 例句
与现 did / were would/could/might + do If I were you, I would
在相 go.
反
与过 had done would/could/might + If I had known,
去相 have done I would have helped.
反
与将 did / were to / would/could/might + do If it should rain,
来相 should + do we would cancel.
反
考点 2：省略 if 的倒装
【高考真题】Were I you, I would go. / Had he arrived earlier, he
would have caught the train.
【规则】if 从句中含有 were/had/should 时，可省略 if，将 were/had/shoul
d 提前。
考点 3：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
【 高 考 真 题 】 I suggest that he (should) go to the doctor
immediately. (2023 全国甲卷)【规则】表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”的动词（suggest, advise,
recommend, order, command, demand, require, request, insist）后的宾
语从句，用(should)+动词原形。
考点 4：含蓄条件句（without/but for/otherwise）
【高考真题】Without your help, I would not have succeeded. (2022
新高考Ⅰ卷)
【规则】without, but for, otherwise 等相当于 if 条件句，需用虚拟语气。
考点 5：wish / would rather / If only 后的虚拟
【规则】wish 后的从句：与现在相反用 did/were；与过去相反用 had
done；与将来相反用 would/could + do。
当堂训练
1. If I ________ (be) a bird, I would fly to you.
2. If he ________ (study) harder, he would have passed the exam.
3. ________ (be) it not for your help, I would be in trouble.
4. I wish I ________ (know) the answer now.
5. She insisted that he ________ (go) to the hospital at once.
6. Without water, life ________ (not exist) on Earth.
7. If only I ________ (take) your advice yesterday!
8. It is strange that he ________ (leave) without saying
goodbye.
9. I would rather you ________ (come) tomorrow than today.
10. ________ (have) I known, I would have warned you.11. He suggested that the meeting ________ (postpone).
12. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we would stay at home.
13. But for the storm, we ________ (arrive) earlier.
14. It's time that we ________ (go) to bed.
15. He talked as if he ________ (know) everything.
情态动词与综合提升
环节五：情态动词精讲
📌 考点 6：情态动词表推测
肯定推 must must be / must have done 一定
测
可能推 may may be / may have done 可能（可能性较
测 低）
might might be / might have done 或许（可能性更
低）
否定推 can't can't be / can't have done 不可能
测
couldn't couldn't be / couldn't have 不可能（语气稍
done 弱）
考点 7：情态动词+have done（高频）
【高考真题】You needn't have come so early. (本不必来却来了)
【规则】
- must have done：过去一定做过（肯定推测）
- can't/couldn't have done：过去不可能做过- may/might have done：过去可能做过
- should/ought to have done：本应该做而没做
- shouldn't/oughtn't to have done：本不该做而做了
- needn't have done：本不必做而做了
- could have done：本来能够做而没做
考点 8：情态动词的特殊用法
- shall：用于第二、三人称，表示“允诺、威胁、命令”（You shall
get a reward.）
- should：表示“竟然”（It's strange that he should be late.）
- would：表示“过去常常”（When I was young, I would go fishing.）
环节六：错题归因
错点 1：主从句时态混乱
【错误案例】If I were you, I will go.（错）→ If I were you, I
would go.（正）
【原因分析】与现在相反，主句用 would/could/might + do，不用 will。
错点 2：suggest 后的虚拟误用
【错误案例】He suggested that I went to the doctor.（错）→ He
suggested that I (should) go to the doctor.（正）
【原因分析】suggest 表示“建议”时，从句用(should)+动词原形；表示
“暗示”时用陈述语气。
错点 3：情态动词+have done 混淆【错误案例】He must have finished his work, didn't he?（错）→
He must have finished his work, hasn't he?（正）
【原因分析】must have done 的反义疑问句，根据完成时的时间状语判断。
环节七：综合运用
【Passage 1 · 航天精神】
If astronauts ________ (not have) such strong willpower, they
________ (not accomplish) their missions. Without their dedication,
China's space program ________ (not achieve) such great success. It
is suggested that young people ________ (learn) from their spirit.
If only every student ________ (have) such determination! They
________ (must) have faced countless challenges, yet they never
gave up.
【Passage 2 · 人工智能与未来】
If AI ________ (develop) too fast without ethical guidelines, it
________ (cause) serious problems. Some experts insist that
regulations ________ (establish) as soon as possible. Without
proper supervision, AI ________ (may) go out of control. But for
these concerns, we ________ (already) fully embrace AI. We ________
(ought) to balance innovation with responsibility.
【Passage 3 · 文化遗产保护】If the digital preservation project ________ (not be) launched,
many murals ________ (already disappear). Without this technology,
future generations ________ (not appreciate) Dunhuang's treasures.
It is vital that we ________ (continue) these efforts. We ________
(can) have achieved so much without international cooperation. The
heritage ________ (must) be protected at all costs.
环节八：课后作业与教学反思
分层作业：
A 层（基础）：整理虚拟语气的时态表格和情态动词+have done 的用法，完
成教材配套练习。
B 层（提升）：用虚拟语气和情态动词各造 3 个句子，并尝试在作文中使用含
蓄条件句。
C 层（拓展）：阅读一篇科技评论，找出文中所有的虚拟语气和情态动词，
分析其表达的语气。
参考答案
当堂训练答案
1. were 2. had studied 3. Were 4. knew 5. (should) go 6. would
not exist 7. had taken 8. (should) leave 9. came 10. Had 11.(should) be postponed 12. were to rain/should rain 13. would have
arrived 14. went/(should) go 15. knew/had known
综合运用答案
Passage 1: didn't have, wouldn't accomplish, would not have
achieved, (should) learn, had, must
Passage 2: developed, would cause, (should) be established, might,
would have already, ought to
Passage 3: had not been, would have already disappeared, would not
appreciate, (should) continue, could not, must
