初中英语“有”的表达，一篇搞定！

have/has、there be、have/has got 系统总结+外研版同步练习

很多初中生英语入门的第一个大坑，就是分不清各种“有”。

明明中文都是“有”，英语却要分三种用法，一做题就混、一填空就错：

✅ 我有一本书

✅ 教室里有一张桌子

✅ 她有一双大眼睛

外研版七上教材核心语法集中考查：have/has、have/has got、there be。今天老师把这套必考体系彻底梳理清楚，配教材同步练习，看完直接吃透，考试不再丢分！

一、三大结构总览

一句话区分：

have/has：主语是“人/物”，强调“拥有”→ I have a book.

there be：主语是“某地/某时”，强调“存在”→ There is a book on the desk.

have/has got：=have/has，口语化→ I've got a book.

二、have / has 详解

1. 基本用法

表示“某人拥有某物”，主语是人或物。

2. 否定句

have/has +no + 名词

don't / doesn't have + 名词

3. 一般疑问句

Do / Does + 主语 + have + 宾语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do/does.

否定回答：No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.

4. 特殊疑问句

What + do/does + 主语 + have？

What do you have in your bag? — I have some books.

5. 注意点

have还可表示“吃、喝、进行”等：have breakfast / have a look / have a good time

has只用于第三人称单数

三、there be 结构详解

1. 基本用法

表示“某地/某时存在某物/某人”，主语是be动词后面的名词。

2. 否定句

There + be + not + 名词

There isn't a book on the desk.There aren't any books on the desk.

3. 一般疑问句

Be + there + 名词？

肯定回答：Yes, there is/are.

否定回答：No, there isn't/aren't.

Is there a book on the desk? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.Are there any books on the desk? — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

4. 特殊疑问句

What's + 地点？ → There is/are...

How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点？

What's on the desk? — There is a book.How many books are there on the desk? — There are two.

5. 就近原则（重点！）

当 there be 后面有多个名词时，be动词与最近的那个名词保持一致。

Thereis a pen and two books on the desk.There are two books and a pen on the desk.

6. there be 与 have 的区别

易错对比：

✅ There is a book on the desk.（桌上有一本书）

❌ The desk has a book.（× 一般不这样说，除非拟人）

✅ I have a book.（我有一本书）

❌ There is a book in my bag.（也可以，但强调“存在”而非“拥有”）

四、have/has got 详解

1. 基本用法

= have/has，表示“有”，英式英语口语中常用。

2. 缩写

I've got / You've got / We've got / They've got

He's got / She's got / It's got

3. 否定句

haven't got / hasn't got

I haven't got a pen.She hasn't got a pen.

4. 一般疑问句

Have/Has + 主语 + got + 宾语？

Have you got a pen? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.Has she got a pen? — Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.

5. 与 have/has 的区别

注意：

have/has got 一般不用于过去时，过去时用 had。

表示“吃、喝”等动作时，不能用 have got。

✅ I have breakfast. ❌ I have got breakfast.

五、三大结构对比表

六、外研版初中教材同步练习

练习一：用 have / has 填空（外研版七年级上）

1.I ______ a new schoolbag.

2.She ______ a nice watch.

3.They ______ some storybooks.

4..My father ______ a car.

5.We ______ four English classes a week.

答案： 1. have 2. has 3. have 4. has 5. have

练习二：用 there be 的适当形式填空（外研版七年级上）

1.______ a map on the wall.

2.______ some apples in the basket.

3.______ a pen and two books on the desk.

4.______ two books and a pen on the desk.

5.______ any milk in the fridge?

答案：

1.There is   2.There are  3.There is（就近原则）4.There are（就近原则）5.Is there

练习三：用 have got / has got 填空（外研版七年级上 Module 4）

1.I ______ a new bike.

2.She ______ a red dress.

3.______ you ______ a dictionary?

4.He ______ a little sister.

5.They ______ any brothers or sisters.

答案：

1.have got 2.has got 3.Have; got 4.has got 5.haven't got

练习四：句型转换

1.I have a new pen.（改为否定句）→ I ______ ______ a new pen.

2.There are some books on the desk.（改为一般疑问句）→ ______ ______ ______ books on the desk?

3.She has got a nice bag.（改为一般疑问句）→ ______ she ______ a nice bag?

4.There is a cat under the tree.（改为复数句）→ There ______ ______ ______ under the tree.

5.He has a bike.（用 have got 改写）→ He ______ ______ a bike.

答案：

1.don't have

2.Are there any

3.Has; got

4.are some cats

5.has got

练习五：翻译句子（外研版七年级上 Module 3-5 综合）

1.我有一本英语书。

2.桌子上有一本英语书。

3.她有一辆新自行车。

4.教室里有一些学生。

5.你有一支钢笔吗？——是的，我有。

6.书包里有一些书和一支钢笔。

答案：

1，I have an English book.

2.There is an English book on the desk.

3.She has a new bike. / She has got a new bike.

4，There are some students in the classroom.

5.Have you got a pen? — Yes, I have. / Do you have a pen? — Yes, I do.

6.There are some books and a pen in the schoolbag.

练习六：阅读短文，在空白处填入 have /has/have got /has got /there be 的适当形式。 

Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua. I 1.________ a small but tidy room. Look! 2.________ a big desk near the window. I 3.________ many books on it. My mum 4.________ me a new dictionary. 5.________ two chairs beside the desk. I 6.________ ________ a cute cat. Its name is Mimi. It 7.________ big eyes. 8.________ not any apples in my room, but I 9.________ some bananas in the fridge. ________ a map of China on the wall. I love my room!

答案

1.have （I have… 我拥有）

2.There is （某地有一张桌子）

3.have （我有很多书）

4.has （妈妈有 / 给了我字典，主语 mum 单数）

5.There are （两把椅子，复数，存在）

6.have got （I have got = 我有，外研版高频）

7.has （it 有大眼睛，单数）

8.There are （否定，any apples 复数，不存在）

9.have （我有香蕉）

10.There is （墙上有一张地图）

七、易错点总结

八、记忆口诀

have/has 表拥有，主语是人或物；there be 表存在，某地某时有某物；have got 口语化，英式英语常用它；there be 就近原则，多个名词看最近；否定疑问别混淆，do/does 和 be 要分清。

老师总结提分要点

1. 表“拥有”：书面用have/has，外研版口语/教材原题优先have/has got，切勿混搭变形；

2. 表“存在”：只用there be，永远不和have混用；

3. 秒杀技巧：看主语！人拥有用have系列，地点存在用there be；

4. 所有错题统一归类：混搭错误、就近原则错误、人称单复数错误，吃透这三点，这类语法零失分。

❤️ 觉得有用就点赞转发，下期更新外研版七年级核心时态精讲！