ARTICLE · 1122004
【初中英语状语从句】详解(1️⃣)
【初中英语状语从句】详解(1️⃣)一、什么是状语从句？【别让成绩透支身体：写给所有家长和学生的"学习与健康"必修课】 在一个复合句中，如果从句充当的成分是"状语"——用来说明主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步等——这个从句就叫状语从句。例句分解：I was reading when my mother came in.（主句：I was reading 我在读书；从句：when my mother came in 我妈妈进来时——说明"读书"这个动作发生在什么时候，作时间状语）状语从句通常由从属连词（when, if, because 等）引导，放在主句之前时，中间常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不加逗号。二、时间状语从句（考点最多）（一）核心引导词1．when 当……的时候例：When I got home, my mother was cooking. 我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。例：He was watching TV when the phone rang. 电话响时他正在看电视。特点：when 后面既可以接瞬间动作（came in, rang），也可以接延续性动作。2．while 当……的时候／与……同时例：My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 妈妈做饭的同时我在写作业。例：While we were talking, the teacher came in. 我们正谈话时，老师进来了。特点：while 后必须接延续性动词（常用过去进行时），强调"两个动作同时持续进行"。【when 与 while 辨析】瞬间动词配 when：正做着 A，突然发生 B（B 是瞬间），用 when；两个进行时并行配 while：was/were doing ... while ... was/were doing。3．before 在……之前例：Think twice before you act. 三思而后行。例：He had left before I arrived. 我到达之前他已经走了。4．after 在……之后例：After he finished his homework, he went out to play. 写完作业后他出去玩了。5．as soon as 一……就……例：As soon as I got to the station, the train left. 我一到车站，火车就开了。例：I'll tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。考点：主将从现——主句将来时，从句现在时（见第六部分）。6．until/till 直到……为止例：I waited until 10 o'clock. 我一直等到十点。例：He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。【until 两条铁律】① 肯定句中主句动词必须是延续性的（wait, stay, live 等可以；come, leave 等不行）；② not...until"直到……才"，否定放在主句，从句必须用肯定形式。错例：I waited until my friend didn't arrive.（×）正例：I waited until my friend arrived.（√）7．since 自从……以来例：I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这里。考点：since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。（二）时间状语从句考点① 主句将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；例：I will call you when I arrive in Beijing.（不是 when I will arrive）三、条件状语从句（主将从现是第一大考点）（一）核心引导词1．if 如果例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。例：If you work hard, you will pass the exam. 如果你努力学习，就会通过考试。2．unless 除非（＝if...not）例：You will fail the exam unless you work hard. ＝ You will fail the exam if you don't work hard. 除非你努力学习，否则会不及格。例：Unless it rains, the game will be held. 除非下雨，否则比赛将照常举行。【易错】unless 本身含否定，从句里不再加 not。3．as long as 只要例：As long as you keep trying, you will succeed. 只要你不断尝试，就会成功。（二）主将从现（必须刻在脑子里）规则：主句用一般将来时（will/shall），从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：If he comes（不是 will come）tomorrow, I will tell him.例：We won't go hiking if it rains（不是 will rain）.【拓展】这条规则同样适用于时间状语从句（when, as soon as, until 等）。"祈使句＋or/and＋将来句"可与之互相转换：Study hard, or you will fail. ＝ If you don't study hard, you will fail. 或评论区留言需要本篇配套的专项测试卷或宾语从句、定语从句的同样格式详解，欢迎留言告诉我。
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