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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 3

高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总 3

高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)

Lesson 3 词汇 A3

announce; declare

【词义辨析】 

两者都有“宣告,发表,宣布”的意思。

1 announce 意为“宣布”,不及 declare 正式,尤指将有益之事公之于众,如消息或新闻等,也可指向公众或特定的一群关心的人宣布,如国家大事、生死病婚等。

The treaty announced the end of the war. (条约意味着战争的结束。)

The airhostess announced that the plane was going to land. (空中小姐宣布飞机马上要着陆了。)

2 declare指在庄严场合由官方权威人士公开郑重宣布,有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度表示有信心地、正式地公开讲明某事,其目的不在于众所周知,而在于使人们了解。

He declared that Germany Team would win. (他断言德国队将赢。)

Do you have anything to declare? (你有要申报纳税的物品吗?)

answer; reply

【词义辨析】 

两者都有“回答”的意思,但用法有点区别。

1 answer 属常用词,多用于一般性应答,不用作太多的考虑,用作及物动词和不及物动词。

Would you please answer the following questions? (请你回答下列问题好吗?)

Who will answer the telephone? (谁来接电话?)

2 reply 则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复,reply 除后接 that 从句或直接引语时作及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词。若后接宾语,应与介词 to 搭配。

She replied she was reluctant to marry the man. (她回答说她不愿意嫁给这个男人。)

Everyone in the room should reply to the question. (屋里的每个人都要回答这个问题。)

anxious; eager

【词义辨析】 

两者都有“急于”的意思,表此意时,都可以接不定式及that从句。

1 anxious的意思是“担心,焦急”,强调因关注、忧虑或害怕而产生的急切愿望、兴趣或需求,多作表语用,也可作定语用。

I am anxious about his future. (我很担心他的未来。)

He spent an anxious night waiting for the test results. (他因等待测试结果而度过了一个焦虑不安的夜晚。)

2 eager的意思是“热切的,渴望的”,着重指对成功的期望或进取的热情,含有热切、迫不及待或难以抑制的意味。

He was eager to become a professor. (他渴望成为一名教授。)

We are eager to know the result of the exam. (我们渴望知道考试的结果。)

anybody; anyone; any one

【词义辨析】 

1 anybody和anyone可以互换,指任何人,不能指物,不能与of连用。作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

Is there anybody here? (这儿有人吗?)

Anybody who buys the house can be given a car. (任何买这个房子的人都可以获赠一辆小汽车。)

2 anyone是代词,仅指人。用法与anybody几乎一样。

Anyone who commits a crime will be punished. (任何人触犯法律都将受到惩罚。)

Is there anyone in the room? (屋里有人吗?)

3 any one是个词组,既可指人,也可指物,意思为“任何一个人或物”。指人时常与of短语连用。

You can choose any one of us. (你可以挑选我们中的任何一个。)

We have 50 cars, you can use any one. (我们有50辆车,你可以使用其中的任何一辆。)

appear; look; seem

【词义辨析】 

三者都有“看起来”的意思,但用法有区别。

1 appear 指外表给人的印象,但事实并非如此。

It appeared that he was the master of the world. (他好像是世界的主人。)

She appears to be very happy. (她好像很高兴。)

2 look 指视觉印象,指的可能是真实情况,也可能是非真实情况。

He looks to be very excited about the news. (他看起来对这则消息很兴奋。)

He looks like his mother. (他看上去很像他的妈妈。)

3 seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,不一定是事实。

This seems to be a wonderful end. (这似乎是一个完美的结局。)

He seems like an idiot. (他看起来像个白痴。)

appreciate; thank

【词义辨析】 

两者都有“感激”的意思,但用法有区别。

1 appreciate有“欣赏,赏识,感激”的意思,宾语是事物。

We appreciate your behavior. (我们很欣赏你的行为。)

Children always appreciate pocket money. (孩子们都喜欢有零花钱。)

2 thank的意思为“感激,感谢”,其宾语是人。

Thank you for your help. (谢谢你的帮助。)

We should thank him for his generosity. (我们应该谢谢他的慷慨大方。)

【正误比较】 

我们非常感谢你的好意。

【错误】 We thank your kindness. (thank后面的宾语应该是人。)

【正确】 We appreciate your kindness. (appreciate后面的宾语应该指物。)

area; district; region

【词义辨析】 

三者都有“地区,地域”的意思。

1 area通常指面积较大的地区,强调它的“面积”,而不是行政单位。

It is difficult to live in desert areas. (在沙漠地区很难生存。)

Look after your children in playing area. (在游乐区要照看好你的孩子。)

It is 29 square meters in area. (它的面积是29平方米。)

2 district指一个城市的行政区域,范围比region小。

Every district has its own pillar industry. (每个辖区都有自己的支柱产业。)

How many districts are there in Jinan? (济南市有几个区?)

3 region通常指较大的地区,它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区,也可以指非行政分区,还可指领域,多指艺术、科学等领域。

The southeast of Africa is one of the poorest region in the world. (非洲的东南部地区是世界上最贫穷的地区之一。)

He is the authority in the region of psychology. (他在心理学领域是权威人士。)

argue; discuss; debate

【词义辨析】 

三者都有“讨论,辩论”的意思,但各自的侧重点和用法不同。

1 argue指只站在一边,着重根据自己的看法或立场举出事实和理由为它辩护,并反对其他方面的意见。

They argued with each other about the best person for the chairman. (他们就谁是主席的最好人选彼此争论。)

They argued that the man was killed by a terrorist. (他们认为,那人是被一名恐怖分子杀害的。)

2 discuss强调对一个问题的各方面均予考虑,侧重为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而交换意见。

They discussed the matter from all conceivable angles. (他们从各种角度讨论了那件事。)

We discussed when the general meeting of the whole staff was to be held. (我们讨论了什么时候召开全体人员大会。)

3 debate着重在正式公开的场合,和意见对立的一方进行全面的、彻底的辩论。

Class One debated with Class Two upon the environment problems. (一班和二班就环境问题进行了辩论。)

arrive; get; reach

【词义辨析】 

三者都有“到达”的意思,但用法有所不同。

1 arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个地方时,后面要加介词in或at,若接地点副词,则不用in或者at。arrive in后接大地方,如国家、城市等,arrive at后接小地方,如机场、火车站等。

What time shall we arrive in New York/ at the airport? (我们什么时候到达纽约/机场?)

The day of victory has arrived. (胜利的日子到来了。)

2 get多用于口语,是不及物动词,和to构成动词短语,后面再跟名词,当“到达”的地点是副词时,不用to。

When shall I get to the cinema? (我该什么时候到达电影院?)

The foreigners got there last night. (外宾昨晚到那儿的。)

3 reach是及物动词,后面可以直接跟宾语,但一般不接地点副词。

They reached London on March 17. (他们于3月17日到达伦敦。)

She reached the power station last month. (她上个月到达这个电站。)

注意 reach还可以表示“到达某一年龄或高度”。

He has reached eighty. (他已经八十高龄了。)

The vase is too high. I can't reach it. (花瓶放得太高,我够不着。)

as; because; since; for

【词义辨析】 

这四个词都是表示“原因”的连词,because语气最强,since其次,as和for语气最弱。其中,because, since, as均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句; 而for 是并列连词,引导并列句。

1 as表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果。

As I had a cold, I went to see a doctor. (因为我感冒了,所以去看了医生。)

As he is not ready, we will set out tomorrow. (由于他没有准备好,我们只好明天出发。)

2 because指直接原因,语气最强,常常表示必然的因果关系,引导的原因状语从句是全句意思的重心,一般放在主句的后面。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句只能用because。

I gave you the money not because I love you, but because it is my duty. (我给你钱并不是因为我爱你,而是因为这是我的责任。)

She didn't go to college because her family couldn't afford the money for school. (她没能上大学,因为她家付不起上大学的费用。)

3 since的意思是“由于,既然”,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,语气比because稍弱。

Since everyone is here, let's start. (既然大家都到齐了,我们就出发吧!)

Since we have no money, we can't buy that famous painting. (既然我们没钱,我们就不能买那幅名画。)

4 for是并列连词,引导的是并列从句。for不表示直接原因,表明附加或推断的理由。它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部,并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系,其间用逗号隔开,for不可置于句首。

I didn't want to see him, for he was selfish. (我不想见他,因为他很自私。)

The days are long, for it is now June. (白天长了,因为现在已是6月份。)

【正误比较】 

在英语中如果用了because,后面的句子就不可再用so。

【错误】 Because his home is far away from school, so he has to live in the school.

【正确】 Because his home is far away from school, he has to live in the school. (因为他家离学校很远,所以他得住校。)

as; like

【词义辨析】 

两者都可表示“像”的意思,但具体的含义有些不同。

1 as可以作为“像……,按照……”的意思讲,侧重于两者的同一性,意味着两者属于同一类或完全相同。

We should study hard as our teacher asks us. (我们应该按照老师要求的那样去努力学习。)

Her daughter is very beautiful, and just as how she was twenty years ago. (她的女儿很漂亮,正像她二十年前一样。)

2 like强调两者的比较,用于说明两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处,但不等同,即表示“相像”,没有“同类”比较的意思。一般作形容词和介词,也可以作为连词。

They behave like gentlemen. (他们的举止像绅士一样。)

I can't live like I used to do. (我不能像过去那样生活了。)

注意 通过以下例句比较as和like的区别:

The prisoner was hanged like a murderer. (这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑。)[像杀人犯但不是]

The prisoner was hanged as a murderer. (这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。)[这个犯人就是杀人犯]

as; when; while

【词义辨析】 

三个词都表示时间,都有“当……的时候”的意思,但用法有些区别。

1 as意为“边……边……,与……同时”,表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生,侧重动作同时发生伴随进行。

He looked behind from time to time as he went. (他一边走,一边不时地往后看。)

We talked as we had a meal. (我们边吃边谈。)

2 when意为“在……时刻或时期”,可以表示片刻时间,也可以表示一段时间。主句动作可与从句动作同时发生。

When I got home, my mum was cooking. (我到家时妈妈正在做饭。)

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out. (我们正在看电视,突然灯灭了。)

3 while表示一段时间,即只指“时间段”,不指“时间点”,主句动作与从句动作同时发生,从句中必须用延续性动词。While还可以引导让步状语从句,意思是“虽然,而”,表示对比。

Don't make any noise while others are talking. (当别人讲话时,不要出声。)

I met her while I was at school. (我在学校的时候遇见了她。)

as...as ...; so...as...

【词义辨析】 

1 as...as...的意思是“和……一样,如同”,一般情况下与形容词或副词原级连用。

She is as good a cook as her mother. (她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。)

He is as cold as ice. (他冷若冰霜。)

I gave the boy as much as he could eat. (那个男孩能吃多少,我就给他多少。)

I haven't got as much money as the lawyer said. (不像律师说的那样,我没有获得那么多钱。)

2 so...as...只用于否定句,句型一般为not so + 形容词 + as,表示“不如”的意思。

He is not so handsome as his father. (他不像他爸爸那样潇洒。)

It isn't so cold as yesterday. (今天不像昨天那样冷。)

Nothing is so good as it seems beforehand. (任何事情都不像事先看起来那么好。)

as many as; as much as

【词义辨析】 

两者都有“和……一样多,多达……”的意思,但用法不同。

1 as many as所涉及的数量是可数的,通常与可数名词连用,侧重数目。

There were as many as one hundred people in the courtroom. (法庭上有多达100人在场。)

I have a lot of apples; please take as many apples as you want. (我有好多苹果,尽管拿。)

2 as much as所涉及的数量是不可数的,通常与不可数名词连用,侧重总量。

You don't have to worry. Take as much time as you want. (你不用太担心。你想用多少时间,就用多少。)

I have spent as much as you did buying the car. (我与你花了同样多的钱买了这辆车。)

He has spent as much as 500 dollars today. (他今天花钱多达500美元。)

注意 as much as可修饰动词,表示程度,as many as却不能。

I like Peking opera as much as drama. (我喜欢京剧和喜欢话剧的程度相同。)

You ought to rest as much as possible. (你应当尽量多休息。)

as such; such as

【词义辨析】 

1 as such意思是“同样地,同量地,本身”,其后不跟任何成分。

He is a kind-hearted man and is known as such. (他是个心地善良的人,这是大家都知道的。)

Money, as such, does not have any debt. (金钱本身并没有罪过。)

2 such as意思是“像……这样的,例如”。

There are many writers in America, such as Hemingway, Mark Twain, and William Faulkner etc. (美国有许多作家,像海明威、马克·吐温、威廉·福克纳等。)

A man such as Lei Feng will be remembered forever. (像雷锋这样的人会被人们永远铭记。)

as well; as well as

【词义辨析】 

1 as well是副词短语,常用作状语,意思是“又,也”,相当于too或also,常位于句末,无须用逗号与句子分开,不用于否定句。

He not only speaks Japanese, he speaks English as well. (他不但说日语,而且还说英语。)

I want to have a hair cut and my sister wants it as well. (我想理发,我妹妹也想理发。)

He is a politician, and a writer as well. (他是政治家,也是作家。)

2 as well as是并列连词,意思是“不仅……而且……,既……又……”,常用来连接两个并列的成分。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项一致。

Your mother as well as your sister is friendly to me. (不仅你姐姐而且你的妈妈也对我很好。)

Crops can be changed into wine as well as into medicine. (粮食可以被制成药品,还可以被加工成酒。)

【正误比较】 

A as well as B的意思是“不但B,而且A”,语意的重点在A,不在 B。

He can play the violin as well as piano.

【错误】 他不但会拉小提琴,而且会弹钢琴。

【正确】 他不但会弹钢琴,而且会拉小提琴。

注意 1 as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。

The boss as well as his employees is going to take part in a forum. (老板和他的雇员们要去参加一个论坛。)

2 连接两个动词不定式时,如第一个带to,第二个就不带to。

You cannot expect your wife to do the housework as well as look after the children. (你不能指望你的妻子既照顾孩子又做家务。)

ashamed; shameful

【词义辨析】 

1 ashamed是形容词,表示主语主观认为是可耻的,意思为“惭愧的,羞耻的”,常用的句型为be ashamed of,意思为“对……感到羞愧”。

He was not ashamed of his lowly origins. (他对他出身低贱并不感到可耻。)

You should be ashamed of what you have said. (你应该为你所说的感到惭愧。)

2 shameful是形容词,表示事物本身的客观性质是可耻的,意思为“不体面的,丢脸的”。

It's shameful the way some people treat their parents. (一些人对待他们父母的方式很是可耻。)

Spitting in the public is a shameful act. (在公共场所吐痰是可耻的行为。)

asleep; sleep; sleeping; sleepy

【词义辨析】 

这四个词都与“睡”有关,但每个词的侧重点有所不同。

1 asleep作形容词,是“睡着的,熟睡的”意思,只能作表语,不能作定语。常用结构fall asleep意指“睡着”,表示一个动作的过程,侧重于自然入睡的含义。

Is the baby still asleep? (这个婴儿还在睡觉吗?)

She doesn't know when she fell asleep last night. (她不知道自己昨晚什么时候睡着的。)

The baby is fast asleep. (孩子睡得很香。)

2 sleep是“睡觉”的意思,既可作动词,也可作名词,强调“睡觉”这一动作,是延续性动词,可与表示时间段的状语连用。常用结构go to sleep指“入睡,进入梦乡”这个动作。

He went to sleep at two o'clock. (他两点钟的时候去睡了。)

My son slept for ten hours. (我儿子睡了十个小时。)

When will you go to sleep tonight? (你今晚几点睡觉?)

3 sleeping作形容词,表示“睡着的”之意,放在它所修饰的名词之前,如the sleeping man。

The sleeping woman is my aunt. (那个睡觉的妇女是我姑姑。)

A sleeping cat is lying under the sunshine. (一只睡觉的猫正在晒太阳。)

4 sleepy是形容词,既可作表语,又可作定语。作表语时表示“困倦的”意思,修饰名词作定语时,是“贪睡的”“寂静的”意思。

I'm sleepy now; I want to go to bed. (我现在有点困了,想上床睡觉。)

The soldier was too sleepy to watch the enemy. (士兵太困倦了以至于没有发现敌人。)

It is not easy to find a person in this sleepy village. (在这个寂静的小山村你很难发现一个人。)

astonish; shock; surprise; wonder

【词义辨析】 

这四个词都含有“吃惊”的意思,但用法有一定的不同。

1 astonish是动词,意思为“使惊讶”,在四个词中语气最强烈,通常表示某事使人震惊得难以置信,常用的结构为be astonished at sb./sth.,意思是“对……感到惊愕”。

The news astonished everyone in the hall. (这个消息使大厅里的每个人都很惊讶。)

We were astonished to hear that Chinese football team had won the champion. (听说中国足球队获得了冠军,这真叫人意想不到。)

People are very astonished at the news of Jackson's death. (人们对杰克逊之死感到惊讶。)

2 shock是动词,也可作名词,意思为“打击,使震动,震惊”,一般指的是一种突如其来的打击或事件,给人造成了心理或感情上的伤害。

I was shocked when I heard about your accident. (听到你出事后我很震惊。)

It was a great shock for him when his wife died. (妻子的死对他是一个沉重的打击。)

3 surprise的意思是“使惊奇,使感到意外”,也可以作名词,语气要比astonish和shock弱得多,它的含义是“使人一愣”。常用的词组为in surprise(吃惊地),be surprised at(对……感到惊讶)。

The man looked at his son in surprise. (那个人吃惊地看着他的儿子。)

Everyone is surprised at the news. (每个人都对这个消息感到吃惊。)

4 wonder是动词,语气最弱,意思为“对……感到惊讶,惊奇,想知道”,常用的结构为wonder about/at(对……感到惊奇)。

They are all wondering about that. (他们都对那感到惊奇。)

I wondered what she was doing now. (我想知道她正在干什么。)

She wondered at her mother's allowing her to make a date with a stranger. (她对妈妈允许她跟一个陌生人约会感到惊异。)

at a time; at one time; at the time

【词义辨析】 

1 at a time的意思是“每一次,一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。

You can eat two eggs at a time. (你一次可以吃两个鸡蛋。)

Take the capsules three times a day and four pieces at a time. (这些胶囊每天服三次,每次服四粒。)

2 at one time意为“过去有一段时期”、“曾经”,多用于一般过去时的句子中。

They used to be couples at one time. (他们曾经是夫妻。)

He gave me much help at one time. (他曾给我很多帮助。)

3 at the time指“当时”、“那时”,通常用于过去时句子中。

Many people were watching TV at the time of the earthquake. (地震发生时,许多人正在看电视。)

Many people saw the traffic accident happen at the time. (当时许多人都看到了车祸的发生。)

at any rate; at this/that rate

【词义辨析】 

1 at any rate表示“不管怎么样,无论如何”。

I'll help the homeless children at any rate. (我无论如何都要帮助那些无家可归的孩子。)

At any rate, we must go to the railway station at once. (无论如何,我们现在就得去火车站。)

2 at this/that rate表示“照这情形看来”。

At this rate the National Theater shall be finished at the end of this month. (照这样的速度,国家大剧院将在本月底完工。)

Nobody will finish the composition before 5 o'clock at that rate. (照那样的速度,没有人会在5点前写完作文。)

at the beginning; in the beginning

【词义辨析】 

两者都是介词词组,都是“开始,起初”的意思,但在用法上有一些区别。

1 at the beginning不能单独使用,要与of连用,常用的结构为at the beginning of,意为“在……之初”。

The temperature of the earth will rise 5℃ at the beginning of the next century. (下个世纪初,地球的温度将会升高5摄氏度。)

We should lay a very good foundation in our study at the beginning of the school term. (我们应该在开学伊始就打下一个良好的学习基础。)

2 in the beginning较少跟of短语连用,一般单独用作时间状语或定语,或者放在句末。

In the beginning I felt very disappointed about his job. (起初,我对他的工作感到很失望。)

In the beginning we thought they were millionaires. (开始的时候,我们以为他们是百万富翁。)

at hand; in hand; on hand

【词义辨析】 

1 at hand的意思是“在手边,在附近”。

The municipal government is close at hand. (市政府就在附近。)

He always keeps a towel at hand. (他经常把毛巾放在手边。)

There are many shops and cafes close at hand. (附近有许多商店和咖啡馆。)

2 in hand的意思是“在手头,在进行中,掌握中”等。

I have a lot of information about the network in hand. (我手上有大量有关网络的信息。)

The design is in hand and will soon be completed. (设计正在进行中,不久就可完成。)

3 on hand的意思是“在手头,在场的”,表示“在手头”时可以和in hand互换使用。

I still have some money on/in hand. (我手头还有些钱。)

You should be on hand at any time in the case of emergency. (在紧急时刻你应该一直在场。)

at last; finally; in the end

【词义辨析】 

三者都有“最后,终于”的意思,但用法有所不同。

1 at last是个介词词组,意思为“最后,终于”,在语义上指经过各种周折和等待后,得到所期 待的结果。一般来说,at last只能指时间位置,而不能指时间顺序。

His dream became true at last. (他的梦想终于变成现实。)[暗示着他为实现梦想可能付出了很多努力。]

He came at last. (他最后还是来了。)

2 finally 指一系列事物或论点的顺序,在意义上与用法上与at last 有共同之处,但也有不同。finally 既可指时间位置,也可指时间的先后顺序。

Who won the game finally? (谁最后取得了比赛的胜利?)

Finally, the boss agreed to offer 200 dollars for the beggar. (最后,老板同意给那个乞丐200美元。)

3 in the end表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况之后,某事才发生。

Everything will be fine in the end. (到头来一切都会好的。)

He will become the president of the association in the end. (最后他将成为协会的主席。)

注意 in the end可与将来时连用,而at last和finally则不可以。

I'm sure he will succeed in the end. (我肯定他最终会成功。)

I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. (我希望一切最终都会顺利。)

at table; at the table

【词义辨析】 

1 at table表示“在吃饭,在用餐”。

At noon, many staff members of the company are at table in the dinning hall. (中午,公司里的许多员工都在餐厅就餐。)

When I arrived home, my family were already at table. (我到家的时候,我的家人都已经开始吃饭了。)

2 at the table表示“在桌子旁,坐在桌边”,不一定正在吃饭。

The little girl is doing her homework at the table. (小女孩正坐在桌边写作业。)

My mother was knitting at the table. (我妈妈正在桌子旁织毛衣。)

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