📖 适用：高二同步巩固、高考一轮复习、完形/语法填空/写作提分

✅ 选词标准：选自选择性必修三全单元，只保留高考真题高频、词性必考、熟词生义、写作可直接套用的10个黄金词汇，无冷门废词。

文章末尾可领取本文内容可直接打印的高考高频考词PDF版，方便学生自测。

01. precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 精确的；准确的；细致的

🔥 核心考点：高考高频辨析（precise 精准细致 / accurate 准确 / exact 一模一样）；语法填空常考副词变形；写作替换普通accurate。

📌 必背变形：precisely adv. 正是；精确地｜precision n. 精确度

✨ 高分搭配：precise planning 周密规划｜precise data 精确数据

02. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 重大突破；进展

🔥 核心考点：科技、科研、创新类阅读/写作必考；固定搭配为语法填空、改错高频考点。

✨ 高分搭配：make a breakthrough 取得突破｜scientific breakthrough 科研突破

03. influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的

🔥 核心考点：人物类读后续写、作文万能褒义词；词性转换高频考查。

📌 必背变形：influence v./n. 影响

✨ 高分搭配：an influential figure 风云人物｜be influential in doing sth 助力某事发展

04. reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ n. 名声；声誉

🔥 核心考点：完形填空高频词义辨析，写作万能品质类名词，正反搭配全覆盖。

✨ 高分搭配：have a good reputation 口碑良好｜build a reputation 树立声誉｜damage one’s reputation 损毁名声

05. emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ vi. 出现；浮现；崛起

🔥 核心考点：高级替换appear；阅读常考“问题浮现、新兴事物出现”，语法填空变形必考。

📌 必背变形：emergence n. 出现；兴起｜emerging adj. 新兴的

✨ 高分搭配：emerge from hardship 逆境崛起

06. convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 传达；传递；表达

🔥 核心考点：写作顶级万能动词，替换express；适配情感、谢意、信息传递，高考翻译高频词。

✨ 高分搭配：convey gratitude 表达谢意｜convey positive energy 传递正能量

07. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的；持久的

🔥 核心考点：高考成对辨析王牌词！permanent 永久的 VS temporary 暂时的，完形、改错、语法填空必考。

✨ 高分搭配：permanent damage 永久性伤害｜permanent change 持久改变

08. guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 确保；保证 n. 保障

🔥 核心考点：议论文、应用文高频高级词，替换ensure/promise，句式百搭、不易扣分。

✨ 高分搭配：guarantee success 确保成功｜guarantee safety 保障安全

09. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 下降；衰退；婉拒 n. 衰落

🔥 核心考点：选必三最高频一词多义！环境、经济、人际交往三重语义必考。

✨ 高分搭配：on the decline 日趋衰退｜decline to do sth 婉言拒绝做某事

10. worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得的；有价值的

🔥 核心考点：高考固定搭配重灾区，语法填空、短文改错超高频考点，区分worth/worthwhile。

✨ 必考搭配：be worthy of sth/doing sth 值得……

题型说明：单选（词义+搭配辨析）+ 词形转换（语法填空真题题型）+ 汉译英（写作提分）

01 单项选择

1. The scientist made a major ________ in the treatment of rare diseases. A. breakthrough  B. reputation  C. dimension  D. expansion

2. He is widely regarded as one of the most ________ writers of the century. A. permanent  B. influential  C. primitive  D. humble

3. The damage caused by the flood is almost ________ and cannot be easily repaired. A. temporary  B. precise  C. permanent  D. subjective

4. When invited to the party, he politely ________ because of heavy work. A. guaranteed  B. declined  C. delayed  D. conveyed

5. We should spare no effort to ________ our sincere thanks to our teachers. A. convey  B. guarantee  C. emerge  D. purchase

02 词形转换（高考语法填空题型）

1. ________ (precise) speaking, this plan is far from perfect.

2. The ________ (emerge) of new technology has changed our daily life greatly.

3. This old company has a good ________ (reputable) for honesty and quality.

4. His hard work ________ (guarantee) his final success in the competition last year.

5. This moving story is worthy of ________ (spread) among teenagers.

03 汉译英（写作专用｜长横线答题区）

1. 这位科学家在人工智能领域取得了重大突破。 _________________________________________________________

2. 真诚的沟通能够传递温暖与理解。 _________________________________________________________

3. 我们应当拒绝拖延，确保每一次努力都有回报。 _________________________________________________________

4. 近年来，很多传统手艺正逐渐衰落。 _________________________________________________________

5. 一切为梦想奋斗的努力都是值得被尊重的。 _________________________________________________________

01 单项选择 答案+解析

1. A解析：make a breakthrough 为固定搭配，意为“取得重大突破”，贴合科研语境。其余选项语义不符。

2. B解析：influential 有影响力的，用于评价名人、作家，适配语境。permanent（永久的）、primitive（原始的）语义不通。

3. C解析：permanent 永久的，与后文“难以修复”对应；temporary 意为暂时的，与语境相反。

4. B解析：decline to do sth 婉言拒绝做某事，贴合礼貌推辞的语境，是高考高频熟词生义。

5. A解析：convey thanks 表达谢意，为写作高分固定搭配，精准匹配语义。

02 词形转换 答案+解析

1. Precisely解析：固定搭配 precisely speaking 确切地说，副词修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写。

2. emergence解析：定冠词the后接名词，emerge的名词形式emergence，表示“出现、兴起”。

3. reputation解析：good后接名词，have a good reputation 拥有良好声誉，固定搭配。

4. guaranteed解析：时间状语last year 提示一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。

5. being spread解析：be worthy of doing sth 值得做某事，故事与传播为被动关系，故用被动形式。

03 汉译英 满分范文

1. The scientist has made a major breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence.

2. Sincere communication can convey warmth and understanding.

3. We should refuse to delay and guarantee that every effort will pay off.

4. In recent years, many traditional crafts are gradually on the decline.

5. All efforts made for dreams are worthy of respect.