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专题 12 定语从句
（原卷版）
三年真题
1. 【2022·全国新 I 卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the
area.
2. 【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___87___ lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
3. 【2022·浙江】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a
small but growing minority of academics _____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change.
4. 【2021·全国新高考II卷】I decided that if I learned of a company_______ used a lot of plastic, I'd
send it an email urging it to cut back.
5. 【2021·北京】When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
6. 【2021·浙江】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight.
7. 【2021·天津】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we
can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
8. 【2021·天津】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their
skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
9. 【2021·天津】 In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us
find comfort in the natural world.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
10. 【2020·全国I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China
first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to thespacecraft and to Earth
11. 【2020·全国III卷】In ancient China lived an artist_____ paintings were almost lifelike.
12. 【2020·天津】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to
his grandson.
A．which B．when C．where D．who
13. 【2020·天津】Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own
typing.
A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which
14. 【2020·江苏】Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A．whose B．which C．when D．whom
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中， 定语从句的考查频率统计如下：
定语从句 考频 出处
【2022·全国新I卷】【2022·全国甲卷】【2022·浙江】
关系代词 9次 【2021·新高考II卷】【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】
【2020·全国III卷】【2020·天津】【2020·江苏】
关系副词 4次 【2021·天津】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·天津】
介词+关系代词 1次 【2021·天津】
考点清单
一、定语从句的概念及分类
1. 什么是定语？ 哪些成分可以做定语？
修饰限制名词或代词的成分叫做定语，常做定语的有形容词、名词、介词短语、定语从句。
2. 限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
类别 形式 意义 关键词使用的区别 例句
作宾语时关系代词可省略；
限制性定 不可或缺，去掉 This is the house (which)
不用逗号 可用 that；可用 who 代替
语从句 后意义不完整 we bought last month.
whom
对先行词的补充 作宾语时关系代词不可省 The house, which we
非限制性 用逗号和主
说明，去掉后意 略；不可用 that；不能用 bought last month, is very
定语从句 句分开
思完整 who代替whom nice.
二、定语从句的构成
定语从由三部分构成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句
e.g.:This was the house that/which Lu Xun once lived in.
This was the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
This was the house where Lu Xun once lived.
三、定语从句的关系词
1. 关系词的三种作用
a. 引导定语从句 b. 指代先行词 c. 在定语从句中充当成分
2. 关系词的分类及具体用法
具体用 在从句中作的成分 例句
法
即指人
that 主语、宾语、表语 After this he is not the man that he used to be.
又指物
关
系 which 指物 主语、宾语 This is the room in which I lived when I was young.
代
词 who 指人 主语、宾语 The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother.
指人 I have many friends to whom I am going to send
whom 宾语
postcards.
即指人 This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our
whose 定语
又指物 school.
指物 As we all know, working out regularly is of great help to
as 主语、宾语
our health.
关 when 指时间 时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
系
副 指地点 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled
where 地点状语
词 down.
why 指原因 原因状语 I'd like to know the reason why you are so late.
3. that和which的区别
关系词 口诀 用法 例句
“两 先行词既有人又有物时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory
” that we have heard of?
只用 “代 先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修 They said nothing that hurt our teacher.
that不 ” 饰时
用 “序 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被 The first place that they visited in London was
which ” 其修饰时 the Big Ben.
“限 先行词被the very, the only等修饰时 The old car is the only thing that he owns
” now.
“重 两个从句且其中一个已用 which，避 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
” 免重复
“非 非限制性定语从句 The novel, which I have read three times, is
只用
” very touching.
which
不用
“介 关系代词前有介词时 The reason for which he refused the invitation
that
” is not clear.“重 先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
”
4. as和which的区别
区别 说明 例句
as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之 The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.
在位置上区别 中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不
(= As we all know, the Pacific... = The Pacific,
放在主句之前 as we all know, ...)
as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持
一致， 常译为“正如......,像......”,表示说 He made a long speech, as we expected.
在意义上区别
话人的态度和观点；which常译为“这一 He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。
5. “介词+关系代词”的用法
情况 说明 例句
从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之
前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系 The man with whom you shook hands just
介词+关系代词
代词可用 which, whom, 不可用 that, now is our English teacher.
who
I'll never forget the time during which I
与先行词搭配
spent my childhood in the countryside.
介词的选用
The colorless gas without which we cannot
与从句的动词搭配
live is called oxygen.
变式练习
基础练
1. I discussed it with my brother, is a lawyer.
2. 1 have found a shop has everything we need.
3. This is the girl pronunciation is the best in our class.
4. We will never forget the days we stayed at that beautiful countryside.
5. The place they will go is their hometown.
6. Can you explain the reason you don't want to hep him?
7. When Elias met Mandela,he was in a situation he was treated badly.
8. Her son, she was devoted, wen abroad ten years ago.
9. Anne was a Jewish girl diary has been read widely all over the world.
10. They will fly to Beijing, they plan to stay for two days.
提升练
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.3. When 1 arrived, Bryan took me to see the house 1 would be saying,
4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese
dreams come true.
5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.
6. Jack says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
7. There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
8. This is the very plan for the summer holiday was suggested by his father.
9. He is the one does the most of the talking.
10. is announced in today's paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance
with the new theory.
