05 动词和动词短语
知识网络
行为动词（实义动词）
①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop;
②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come
③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
动词的分类
连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
情态动词
can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）
注意：
①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间
She gave them away.她送掉了它们。
** 错误的表达式 **同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异
ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话
put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。
短语动词常见的构成方 ** 错误的表达式 **不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异
式及其注意点 break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭
hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心
sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出
work out算出
动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物
的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked
after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
(单个动词)同义词近 从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及
义词辨析 物动词还是不及物动词）
状态系动词be
持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest
表象系动词seem,appear
感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel
系动词的用法
变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come
终止系动词prove,turn out
解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作
系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writergive sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb
接双宾语的动词
但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.
短语动词的辨析 熟记常考的短语动词的意义
容易被我们忽视的知 sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义
识点 happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式
常考动词的固定搭配：
1.用于“动词＋sb.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse 控告 cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知 remind 使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱 suspect怀疑 persuade 使相信 convince 使信服
This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。
2.用于“动词＋sb. ”结构的常见动词有：
blame 责备 criticize 批评 forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅 pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚
scold 责备 thank 感谢 praise 赞扬 respect 尊重 admire 钦佩；赞赏
I used to blame my parents for messing up my life.我过去常怪我的父母扰乱了我的生活。
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校因其卓越的教学（水平）广受赞誉。3.用于“动词＋sb（doing）sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent 阻止 stop 阻止 keep 阻止 protect 保护 defend 保卫 preserve保护；保全
ban禁止 shelter 保护 prohibit禁止；阻止
The heavy rain prevented him from going out.大雨使他无法外出。
4. 语法填空常考查动词短语或搭配。同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义；同一介词或副词和不同的
动词搭配含义也会不同，如：out/away/up,turn+in/out/on/off/up/down,put+up/on/down/away/off,set+up/ about/aside, cut
+up/down/off, come+along/off/across/through,carry/feed/put/focus+on,get/look/take/come+over等。
巩固练习：
A组单句填空
1.Beijing, where the Summer Olympic Games_____________ (hold) in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both the
Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games.
2.For more than a thousand years,goods___________ (transport) along the Grand Canal.
3.As the bus drove across Sydney Harbor Bridge,the city's famous Sydney Opera House___________ (come) into sight.
4.In fact,it___________(believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in the same area of the brain.
5.Her creativity, patience, and respect for life will be stimulated when she___________(learn) to take care of animals on her
own.
6.Fortunately, the girl had no sooner ____________(recover) consciousness than doctors and nurses arrived.
7.Given the growing population, the demand for these medicines and remedies_____________(rise) now.
8.I____________(wait)for an hour and she still hasn't turned up.
9. A team of scientists has finally been able to figure________ how and why young sunflowers move.
10.Every customer as well as their pets__________ (be) welcome in our stores.
B组单句填空
1.You would be lucky to see the sea of clouds, as it only________(occur) around 50 days in a year.
2.Just as American novelist Richard Ford once __________(say),the way to many an honest heart lies through the belly.
3. John's journey started after he struggled__________ his first degree.
4.So far,the rise in temperature ___________(lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.
5. According to ancient traditional Chinese medicine, drinking a glass of warm water_____________ (be) beneficial to health.
6.NASA calls the instrument “NACHOS”,which ______(stand) for "Nanosat Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral
Observation System".
7.That was the first time that I___________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.
8.When I was seven years old,my family____________ (create) an ant farm from a kit.
9.As I walked, he explained that he___________(lose)the game the week before and wasn't allowed to go on again.
10.The full railway, which includes a 72-kilometer section through Beijing, _____________(complete)in four and a half years.
