北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 22版 《5年高考3年模拟 B
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第四部分 阅读补全（七选五）
专题十三 阅读补全(七选五)
— 专题检测 —
Passage 1
Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.
So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture,
make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.
1 The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak
it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.
Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show
every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country's culture
and language.
The first thing you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand
firmly and always look the person in the eye. In social meeting with friends, kissing is
common.
Use first names only after being invited to. 2 The French will sometimes
introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.
Dress well. 3 Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social
status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but
elegantly. Wearing make-up is practised widely by businesswomen.
The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in
France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and
coffee, and normally take up two hours. 4
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left,
keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 5 This may
suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who invites
you always pays.
A.Remember to be as polite as possible.
B.This is a time for relationship building.
C.Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.
D.Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.
E.Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.
F.The French draw information about people based on their appearance.
G.Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。本文介绍了在与法国人交往时应注意
的几点事项。
1.G 主旨句。根据下文可知本段的主题是关注语言问题。只有 G项(语言应该是任何打算
在法国做生意的人关注的焦点)符合要求,故为答案。
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2.C 细节句。根据设空处前后两句可知本段与如何称呼对方有关,只有C项(在姓氏前加上
“先生”或“夫人”)符合要求。
3.F 过渡句。根据设空处前的主题句(穿着得体)可知本段与穿着有关,F项(法国人根据人的
外表来了解他们)符合要求,故为答案。
4.B 细节句。B项中的“This is a time”与设空处前的“two hours”相对应,故答案为B
项。
5.D 细节句。本段与法国人的餐桌礼仪有关,设空处后的“This”指代本句内容。根据设空
处后面的句子(这可能表明你觉得食物无味)可知答案为D项(在食物中添加盐、胡椒粉或调
味汁时要小心)。
高级词块 1.run the risk of冒……的风险 2.look sb. in the eye直视某人
Passage 2
How to enjoy being a teenager
Being a teenager can be challenging with your hormones going wild. 1 Here are
some really useful tips for you to have enjoyable teenage years.
Setting individual expectations.
Everyone is different, especially in their teenage years. 2 Some teens prefer to
spend their teenage years with friends, while others prefer to study and work; some prefer
to be quiet wallflowers, while others are loud and don't care if they stand out.
3
For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries—stop paying so much
attention to them! Many worries are based on what other people think, rather than what
you think. Go ahead and do what you want to do, without factoring in the opinion of
others; choose your own path in life, and don't worry about what others think of your
choices! Live it the way you want to.
Work to improve your social skills.
Some teens have trouble with social interaction, with the reasons behind it varying.
Since social interaction is necessary in order to succeed, it's important to learn how to
cope with shyness and social anxiety. Consider working with a friend or a family member
of your age to develop your social skills. 4
Keep good relations with your family.
Many teenagers become bad-tempered and withdrawn, and stop valuing family as
much as they used to. Try to avoid this. Family is one of the most important connections
in your life. 5 And plus, you see them every day. Why not make it nice to spend
time with them?
A.Develop your sense of self.
B.Realize that the teen years are not all alike.
C.Family members—especially parents probably worry about you during your teenage
years.
D.But that doesn't mean you can't enjoy the teen years.
E.It's the building blocks for all relationships you develop.
F.There's really no “way” to enjoy being a teenager except for the “way” you make
on your own!
G.It may not replace new social exchanges, but it's good practice.
答案
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[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自我。虽然荷尔蒙会让青少年时期的孩子
变得疯狂,但是这并不意味着他们不能享受青少年时期。文章就如何能快乐地度过青少年时
期提出了一些有用的建议。
1.D 过渡句。根据设空处上句(作为一个青少年是具有挑战性的,你的荷尔蒙会变得很疯狂)
及下句(这里有一些非常有用的建议,可以帮助你有一个愉快的青少年时期)可知本句起到承
上启下的作用。D项中的that指上句内容,下句引出解决方法,故答案为D项。
2.F 细节句。根据后文(一些青少年喜欢和朋友一起度过他们的青少年时期,而另一些人喜
欢学习和工作;有些人喜欢做安静的壁花,而有些人很吵闹,不在乎自己是否很显眼)可知:每个
人度过青少年时期的方式都不一样,所以除了靠自己创造,并没有什么享受青少年生活的方法。
故答案为F项。
3.A 主旨句。根据本段内容(对很多人来说,青少年时期充满了忧虑——别太在意它们了!很
多担心是基于别人的而非你自己的想法。去做你想做的事,不要考虑别人的意见;选择你自己
的生活道路,不要担心别人怎么看你的选择!用你想要的方式生活)可知本段的主题是“发展
自我意识”,故答案为A项。
4.G 细节句。本题在本段末,有总结上文的作用。结合上文(考虑和与你年龄相近的朋友或
家庭成员一起来发展你的社交技能)可知是提到了一种发展社交技能的方法,本句应当是对这
种方法的作用进行进一步解释说明。故G项(它可能不会取代新的社交,但它是很好的实践)
符合语境。
5.E 过渡句。根据上文(尽量避免这种情况。家庭是你生活中最重要的联系之一)以及后文
(而且,你每天都能看到他们。为什么不好好和他们在一起呢)可知设空处为过渡句。E项(它
是你发展的所有关系的基石)中的It指上句中的“Family”,故答案为E项。
高级词块 1.challenging adj.挑战性的 2.stand out显眼,突出
Passage 3
Winter is often a low point for outdoor lovers, as cold weather pushes them indoors.
However, winter can be a beautiful time of the year for a winter trail(小路)walk. 1
Generally, winter walking presents dangers. 2 You will need to wear appropriate
clothing and always you have proper footwear for your winter walking.
Above all, you should dress warmly. The best way to dress for cold weather exercise
is to wear more layers(层). When you warm up from the exercise, you can take off
layers so you will never become over-heated. 3 Wear clothes that are waterproof and
breathable. In addition always have a good hat and a pair of gloves, one of the most
effective ways to preserve body heat.
Shoes are a very important aspect of winter walking. Instead of using regular shoes
on a winter walk, consider trying a pair of snowshoes, a fun way to enjoy your trail. 4
With snowshoes, you will still need to wear good waterproof shoes. With a good pair of
snowshoes, you will be able to explore much more of your trail and the surrounding area
during the winter.
5 Spend some time finding a trail that is open and safe to walk on during the
winter. If you can't find a trail that fits your requirements, you can come up with an
alternative plan. Walk around your local neighborhoods to view the holiday lights or go to
your local park where you will probably find some sort of walking trail that is accessible
during the winter.
A.Nor will you suffer from being too cold.
B.It may even rain while you are out walking.
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C.You may find your favorite trails closed during the winter.
D.You will be more steady on the snow and get a better workout.
E.Why not continue to spend time outside, taking winter trail walks?
F.A trail that normally gets lots of traffic may be empty during the winter.
G.The severer the weather is, the more careful you need to be when walking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自我。文章介绍了在冬天徒步旅行的好
处及注意事项。
1.E 细节句。根据第一段内容(冬天通常是户外爱好者的低谷,因为寒冷的天气迫使他们待
在室内。然而,冬天是一年中漫步冬日小路的美好时期)可知,接下来是建议读者进行冬季步
行。E项(为什么不继续花些时间在户外,在冬季漫步呢)符合上下文语境,故为答案。此外,E
项中的“winter trail walks”与前句中的“winter trail walk”相一致。
2.G 过渡句。根据上句(一般来说,冬季行走会带来危险)可知,接下来将描述冬季步行的危险。
G项(天气越恶劣,你行走时就需要越小心)符合上下文语境。选项中的“more careful”承接
前句中的“dangers”,故选G项。
3.A 细节句。根据上句(当你因锻炼变暖时,你可以脱下层层衣服,这样你就不会过热)可知,
这里讲述的是分层穿衣服的好处。A项(你也不会因为太冷而痛苦)符合上下文语境。此外
nor常与never等表示否定的词连用,表示“也不”,前后内容相一致。故选A项。
4.D 细节句。根据本段第一句即本段的主题句(鞋子是冬天行走的一个非常重要的方面)可
知,这里讲述雪天穿雪鞋去步行的好处。D项(你会在雪上更加稳定,得到更好的锻炼)符合上
下文语境。
5.C 细节句。根据下句“Spend some time finding a trail that is open and safe to walk
on during the winter.”可知,本段主要讲的是步行的路径(trail),应从C、F两项中选择。C项
中的“closed”与下句中的“open”对应,故答案为C项(你可能会发现你最喜欢的小路在冬
天封闭了)。
高级词块 1.take off脱掉 2.waterproof and breathable防水的和透气的 3.preserve body
heat保持体温 4.fit sb.'s requirements符合某人的需求
Passage 4
Did you know that it's possible to save wet books by putting them in the freezer or
refrigerator? Strange as it sounds, this simple trick can go a long way toward preserving
beloved reading material that may be damaged from something as significant as flood
water or as silly as knocking over a glass of water. 1
Make sure that the water isn't dirty. 2 If a book has been soaked(浸泡) in dirty
water or a colored liquid, it may be difficult to save the book. Realize, too, that the
pages will never again be perfectly flat, only clear enough to read, if all goes well.
Determine the best approach to air-drying. If the book is completely soaked before
freezing, don't try to separate pages. 3 If possible, put a sheet of paper towel
between the covers and text body. If the book is partially soaked, spread paper towel
throughout the pages of the book(every 20 or so). After an hour of drying,change the
towel until most water has been absorbed.
4 Don't try to separate wet pages, as they may stick and tear. Put the book in
the refrigerator as soon as possible. At the same time, keep the refrigerator on its “frost-
free” setting, which helps to avoid the formation of large ice crystals(冰晶) in items that
can cause damage. 5 Once it gets frozen, it allows you to open the book and spread
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the pages without them sticking together.
A.Here is how to do it.
B.Freeze the book immediately.
C.Put the book in the refrigerator after it dries.
D.The water has to be clean, for the most part.
E.There are many ways to clean and dry a wet book.
F.Leave the book in the refrigerator for at least 24 hours.
G.Make the book stand upright on paper towel that can absorb water.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拯救一本弄湿了的书的方法。
1.A 过渡句。作者首先告诉读者通过将被弄湿了的书放进冰箱可以拯救那本书,第2段开
始介绍具体如何做,由此可推知本句应该引出下文,A项(下面就是操作方法)符合要求,故为答
案。
2.D 细节句。根据设空处前后的句子可知,本段与浸泡书的水有关。只有D项(水大多必须
是干净的)符合要求,故答案为D项。
3.G 细节句。根据空格后“If possible, put a sheet of paper towel between the covers
and text body.”(如果可能的话,在封面和正文之间放一张厨房纸巾)可知本句与用厨房纸巾
将书中的水吸干有关。G项(将书直立在吸水的厨房纸巾上)符合要求,故为答案。
4.B 主旨句。根据空格后的内容,尤其是“Put the book in the refrigerator as soon as
possible.”可知B项(立刻将书冷冻)为正确答案。
5.F 过渡句。本段介绍的是将书中的大部分水分吸出后将书放进冰箱这一步骤。答案应从
C、F两项中选择。C 项中的“dries”不合逻辑,故被排除。再根据空后“Once it gets
frozen, it allows you to open the book and spread the pages without them sticking
together.”(一旦它被冻住了,你就可以打开书,展开书页,它们不会粘在一起)可知F项(将书放
在冰箱里至少长达24个小时)为正确答案。
高级词块 1.go a long way toward...对……帮助很大 2.knock over打翻 3.if all goes
well如果一切进展顺利
Passage 5
The Tricks to Conquer the Worst Day of Your Life
We have all had bad days, and some days feel like the world is upon our shoulders
and we just can't bear the weight of it any longer. 1 Consider these tricks when
surviving the worst day of your life.
Bless or reflect.
When you have the worst day of your life, turning to blessing or reflection can
conquer any bad mood. 2 Others like to spend time writing in journals to express
their feelings.The point of the quiet time is to release the bad mood of your day.
Reach out to others.
When you are feeling like your world has ended, you need to reach out to others for
help.Sometimes this might mean seeking professional help if you are in a state of
depression, or it might simply mean talking to a well-trusted friend. 3
Change your mental state.
Sometimes it is just a matter of turning them into active thoughts. 4 Once you
are able to do that, you will see that it really was not the worst day ever after all.
5
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Take the worst day ever and set goals for yourself to make changes to whatever you
can that will turn that day into a growth experience which moves you forward rather than
sets you back.What could you do differently if this situation might happen again? Setting
goals makes you forward.
A.Set goals.
B.Love yourself.
C.You will see the rainbow sooner or later.
D.Sometimes it takes a change in your mental state to overcome it.
E.There are ways to conquer those feelings and breathe fresh air again.
F.Whomever you choose to reach out to, open up so that it doesn't conquer you.
G.Some people feel relief when they find a quiet place and time to reflect on the day's
events.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自我。文章主要介绍了四种度过你生活
中最糟糕的时光的技巧。
1. E 过渡句。空格后意思是“当处在生活中最糟糕的一天时,可以考虑这些技巧”,而E项
“有一些可以克服那些情绪,再次呼吸到新鲜空气的方法”衔接下文,且ways与tricks相呼应,
故选E项。
2.G 过渡句。空格后“另外一些人喜欢通过写日记来表达他们的感情”与 G项“一些人
在找到一个安静的地方和时间来反思当天的事情时,会感到如释重负”形成并列关系,介绍了
不同的人战胜坏情绪的方法,且Some people与Others对应,故选G项。
3.F 细节句。本段的小标题是“Reach out to others”(求助他人),而F项“无论你向谁寻
求帮助,一定要敞开心胸以使这种情绪不会征服你”符合段落主题。其中reach out重复出现,
为提示词语,故选F项。
4.D 细节句。D项中的“takes a change in your mental state”与本段的小标题“Change
your mental state”相吻合,故答案为D项。
5.A 主旨句。分析文章结构可知,此空与各段小标题句式上保持一致,都是祈使句,所以答案
在A和B中选择。再根据下文(承受最糟糕的一天,为自己设定目标,做一些力所能及的改变,
把那一天变成一段让你前进而不是后退的成长经历)可知:本段的主题是“设定目标”,故答
案为A项。
高级词块 1.bear the weight of承受……的压力 2.release the bad mood缓解坏的情绪
3.seek help寻求帮助
Passage 6
Music makes you more creative. 1 , they come up with more creative solutions,
according to researchers. It may be because music improves your brain's flexibility.
Another reason may be that it relaxes you enough for the creative juices to flow. But
don't play music too loudly.
Music can help during surgery. 2 . After surgery, it helps reduce pain. An analysis
of 73 studies confirmed that listening to music before, during or after surgery reduces
anxiety and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication.
3 . Studies have found that when you're running, biking or walking, you'll go
farther with music on. Music relieves your discomfort and motivates you to stay on. The
effect is so obviously great that the author of a review examining the psychological
effects of music on exercise called music “a type of legal performance-improvement
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drug”.
Music aids sleep. Listening to music before bed can help you fall asleep faster and
wake up less often during the night. 4 . In one study, seniors with sleep problems who
listened to 45 minutes of soft slow music before bed reported a 35 percent improvement
in their sleep.
Music gets you to ignore the passing of time. Scientists have shown repeatedly that
people judge a period of waiting shorter when music is playing. Businessmen use that to
their advantage, playing music so you stay longer and spend more. For instance, more
drinks and food are sold in bars and restaurants when music is played. 5 , grocery
sales increase by 38 percent.
A.In this case, you'll feel more relaxed in the morning
B.And if the background music is slow
C.Then you play a piece of brief music
D.When people listen to happy music than when they sit in silence
E.When music is played varying from a tune to another
F.Music makes you get rid of the idea of quitting a workout
G.Listening to music before surgery has been shown to ease anxiety
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为文学与艺术。文章主
要介绍了音乐的一些好处,包括听音乐会使人更有创造力、有助于实施外科手术、让人更能
坚持锻炼以及帮助睡眠等等。
1.D 上文说音乐让你更有创造力,因此此处说当人们听着欢快的音乐时,他们能想出更多有
创造性的解决方法,故选D。
2.G 根据后文的信号词 After surgery 和 before, during or after surgery reduces anxiety
and pain levels可知空格处应说明手术前的情况,故G选项“手术前听音乐已被证明可以缓
解焦虑”符合上下文语境。
技巧点拨 根据信号词可判断上下句之间的逻辑关系。如本题 G项中的before与下文中的
After构成对应关系,据此可迅速确定答案。
3.F 根据后文Studies have found that when you're running, biking or walking, you'll go
farther with music on. Music relieves your discomfort and motivates you to stay on可知,
运动时听音乐能让人坚持更久。故F项“音乐能让你打消放弃锻炼的念头”符合语境。
4.A 空格处和上文 Listening to music before bed can help you fall asleep faster and
wake up less often during the night(睡前听音乐可以帮助你更快入睡,减少夜间醒来的次数)
是因果关系,故A项“在这种情况下,你会在早上感到更放松”符合语境。
5.B 根据上文Businessmen use that to their advantage, playing music so you stay longer
and spend more(商家利用这一点,播放音乐,这样你待得更久,花得更多)可推断,如果播放舒缓
的音乐,杂货店的销售额会增加38%。故B项“如果背景音乐是慢的”符合上下文语境。
长难句 An analysis of 73 studies confirmed that listening to music before, during or
after surgery reduces anxiety and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication.一
项对73项研究的分析证实,在手术前、手术中或手术后听音乐可以降低焦虑和疼痛水平,这
反过来又意味着减少止痛药的使用。
本句为主从复合句,句中that引导动词confirmed的宾语从句,which引导非限制性定语从
句。
Passage 7
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A popular person is someone who is admired, appreciated, or loved by their peers.
Others want to be associated with them, and they have plenty of friends. A popular
person usually has a high social status in their peer group. 1
Care about your appearance.
Taking pride in your appearance is one of the simplest ways to improve your social
prospects and alter the way people think about you. You do not have to wear expensive
or fashionable clothes to become popular. 2
Be confident.
If you want people to like you for who you are, you have to also like yourself. 3
When people notice the confident way you hold yourself, they'll realize you are someone
worth being around.
Join in.
4 Don't walk the halls with your head lowered or skip lunch because you have
no one to sit with; talk to people and get to know them. Show an interest in what's
going on around you. Take part in classes like art and PE as these are often cooperative,
team-building environments. Before long you'll start to pick up on what people are like
and make friends that share common interests.
5
Spend time hanging out with a lot of different people. People who are truly popular
are comfortable being friendly with everyone they meet with. Don't just be friends with
one group or type of person, but make an effort to get to know everyone. You'll begin
bridging gaps between separate groups and become known as a person that brings people
together.
A.Diversify your social circle.
B.Be kind to people outside your group.
C.These are some factors which can lead to natural popularity.
D.Involve yourself in other students and participate in the same activities.
E.You might not notice it but eventually you will get to know the benefits of appearance.
F.Instead, aim to look decent at all times.
G.Remind yourself of your positive features and try to let those be the ones you display
to others.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系。文
章介绍了让自己成为受欢迎的人的一些方法。
1.C 根据前句A popular person usually has a high social status in their peer group.(一
个受欢迎的人通常在同龄人群体中有很高的社会地位)及下文内容可知,C选项“这些是一些
能让你自然受欢迎的因素”符合上下文语境。
2.F 根据小标题Care about your appearance.(注意你的外表)和前句You do not have to
wear expensive or fashionable clothes to become popular.(你不必穿昂贵和时尚的衣服来变
得受欢迎)可知,空格处应强调注意自己外表的具体做法,故选项F“相反,力求一直看上去得
体”符合语境。
3.G 根据上下文可知空格处内容与confident有关,故选项G“提醒你自己你有积极特征,并
努力让这些成为你展示给别人的东西”符合上下文语境。
4.D 根据小标题Join in.(参加活动)和后文内容可知,要多参加活动。故选项D“加入其他
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同学,参加同样的活动”符合上下文语境。
5.A 根据下文hanging out with a lot of different people和make an effort to get to know
everyone可知,作者建议要与不同的人交朋友,丰富自己的社交圈。故选项A适合作为小标题。
长难句 People who are truly popular are comfortable being friendly with everyone they
meet with.真正受欢迎的人很自在地和他们遇到的每一个人友好相处。
本句为主从复合句,句子的主干为:People are comfortable being friendly with everyone.
句中who引导定语从句,修饰先行词people;they meet with为定语从句,修饰先行词everyone,
省略了关系代词who或whom。
Passage 8
Rachael Ray is known as a famous chef, magazine publisher, and creator of her own
pet food. Recently, I was lucky to interview her about healthy eating. 1 . Here is what
she said:
Do what you love, and you'll love what you do.
Ray didn't spend her childhood dreaming of becoming a star. Instead, she remembers
devotion to her creativity. “I didn't say, ‘When I grow up, I want to be this or that.'
But I loved to read, draw, and be in the kitchen and around food.” 2 . She now
spends her days creating meals and sharing ideas with people from around the world.
When asked if it was exhausting to smile for the cameras every day, Ray said, “No, it's
fun. 3 .”
Eat well.
Ray believes that kids should understand the need for healthy food choices. “Eating
well just makes you a happier person,” she said. Ray shows people how to prepare
healthy versions of any food in the world, from hamburgers to pizza to hot dogs to
French fries. 4 .
Read a lot.
I asked Ray if she had a favorite children's book, and she named two:The Casual
Observer and The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales.
5 :“Work harder than everybody else, be grateful, always try to laugh, and don't
be mean to people.”
A.I love what I do
B.Eating good food helps me keep healthy
C.After that, I asked Ray for some tips for kids
D.I know it is hard for her to accept my interview
E.Ray ended our conversation by sharing her recipe for success
F.This creativity led Ray to produce several successful television shows
G.Ray also believes that eating good food can help students feel better and do well in
school
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为做人与做事。文章主
要介绍了Ray提供给孩子的一些建议。
1.C 根据上文Recently, I was lucky to interview her about healthy eating(最近,我有幸就
健康饮食问题采访了她)和下文具体的建议可知,C项After that, I asked Ray for some tips
for kids.(在那之后,我问了Ray一些给孩子们的建议)符合上下文语境。
2.F 根据上文Instead, she remembers devotion to her creativity(相反,她记得自己对创造
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力的投入)和下文She now spends her days creating meals and sharing ideas with people
from around the world(她现在每天都在创造膳食,并与来自世界各地的人分享想法)可知,F选
项This creativity led Ray to produce several successful television shows(这种创造力使Ray
制作了几个成功的电视节目)符合上下文语境。
3.A 根据上文可知,她认为自己的工作有趣,因此她非常喜欢自己的工作。故A选项符合语
境。
4.G 根据本段标题Eat well.可知,本段内容和健康饮食有关。G项Ray also believes that
eating good food can help students feel better and do well in school(Ray还认为,吃好的食
物可以帮助学生感觉更好,在学校表现更好)符合语境。
5.E 根据下文 Work harder than everybody else, be grateful, always try to laugh, and
don't be mean to people.(比别人更努力地工作,感恩,总是试着笑,不要对人刻薄)可知,E选项
Ray ended our conversation by sharing her recipe for success(在谈话的最后,Ray分享了她
的成功秘诀)符合语境。
Passage 9
Reading books can exercise your brain. Kids who started reading at an earlier age go
on to perform better on certain intelligence tests. As one gets older, it might help slow
down or even cease cognitive decline. 1 Many Americans don't read frequently. It's
time to reverse this trend to give your brain gray matter a good workout.
2 When you have some downtime—you're waiting for a friend, sleeping lightly on
the way from or to work, or doing a task that doesn't require your full attention—you
can open your text instead of playing your favorite smartphone game. 3 While paper
is still the clear winner in the court of public opinion, science hasn't proven that physical
books are better than digital ones.
Academic research has mostly focused on the ability to remember. A study took
place in a laboratory setting: Students all read the same text, but some looked at the
words on paper and others viewed an on-screen PDF file. It turned out that no
meaningful difference between the two media existed. As for audiobooks, they affected the
brain gray matter somewhat differently. 4
Ultimately, if you hope to get a reading habit going, you shouldn't dismiss paper,
electronic, or audio books— 5 Don't be afraid to change things depending on the
occasion.
A.Audiobooks still affect your thoughts and feelings.
B.Go with what makes the most sense for your needs.
C.Words on a page can improve emotional intelligence.
D.This brings about a great debate: pages vs screens vs audio.
E.Keep a book, e-reader, or audiobook app on you as you go about the day.
F.Despite this, the overall book-reading time for Americans is on the decline.
G.However, they stimulated the brain just as deeply as black-and-white pages.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为生活与学习。文章主
要介绍了阅读的好处、如何利用空闲时间读书以及与阅读有关的研究。
1.F 空格前谈到阅读的好处,空格后则说很多美国人不经常读书,可知选F项“尽管如此,美
国人总的阅读时间正在下降”。
2.E 后文列举了利用空闲时间阅读的几种情况,可推断空格处建议随身带上书籍,故E选项
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符合语境。
3.D 后文提到了纸质书更受舆论的欢迎,但没有证据表明实体书比数字书更好,由此可知此
处涉及纸质书、电子书和有声书的对比,故选D。
4.G 上文提到阅读纸上的文字和屏幕上的文字之间并不存在任何有意义的区别,且提到了
有声书对大脑的影响,本句为本段最后一句,应继续说有声书对大脑的影响。G选项中they指
代上文的audiobooks。故选G。
5.B 上文提到不应该放弃纸质书、电子书和有声书,后文说根据不同场合做出改变,可知空
格处说明应该根据需要来做出选择。故选B。
Passage 10
In many cases, online classes can be a gift to college students everywhere. They're
different from traditional classes in many ways. 1 So what exactly do students love
about taking online classes?
A flexible schedule
One thing that many college students probably dislike about traditional classes is that
they're inflexible. There is usually a specific schedule you need to follow. By contrast,
online classes are much more flexible. 2 Flexibility with your classes also gives you the
chance to make time for other important things in your life—like working a job to earn
some money, spending time with friends and family.
A comfortable learning environment
Online classes offer you a comfortable environment in which you can learn. Because
you don't have to physically attend classes, you'll have the chance to work from wherever
you want. 3 If you would rather do your work in the comfort of your own home, you
have complete freedom to do that as well.
4
Another great thing about online classes is that there are quite a variety to choose
from. You can find practically any degree program you want online to help you advance
in your education and career. So, no matter what you want to study, chances are that
there's something out there that's a perfect fit for you.
Easy access to your textbooks
Since your classes are online, it's likely that your textbooks will be easily accessible
online as well. What's more, they will probably not be all that expensive. 5 This is
highly convenient, especially if you prefer using online textbooks so that you won't have
to haul(拖着)a physical copy around or worry about misplacing it somewhere.
A.Advances in your education
B.A variety of courses and programs
C.They can be a welcome relief for students.
D.You can access them online for little or no charge.
E.So if you prefer learning and getting work done in a cafe, go to a cafe.
F.It means you have the opportunity to do your work whenever you see fit.
G.Online classes are a great option for those efficient at schedule management.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为乐于学习。文章讲述了
学生喜欢在线课程的原因。
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1.C 过渡句。设空处前说在线课程在许多方面与传统课程不同。设空处后提问:学生们到
底喜欢在线课程的什么呢? 因此,此处是一个过渡句,说明学生喜欢在线课程,故选C项。
2.F 细节句。设空处前指出在线课程更加灵活,因此此处具体说明它们的灵活性意味着你有
机会在你认为合适的时间安排自己的工作。故选F项。
3.E 细节句。设空处前说:你将有机会在任何你想要的地方工作。后面举例子说明你可以
在家里工作。故选E项。
4.B 主题句。本题是选择小标题。根据下文内容可知,本段主要介绍了在线课程中有各种
各样的课程和项目供学生选择,故选B项。
5.D 细节句。设空处前指出:更重要的是,它们不会那么贵。此处具体说明它们的价格:你可
以在网上付很少的钱或免费使用它们。故选D项。
Passage 11
The age range of 13~19 is an important time in an individual's life. 1 While
you are a teenager, many exciting opportunities for success are given to you. Taking on
the right amount of responsibility and independence can push you towards becoming a
successful teenager.
First, participate in extra-curricular activities. Schools give students opportunities for
staying active. Pick an activity that appeals to you such as athletics, academic clubs, or
special-interest clubs. Extra-curricular activities build character through team work, time
management, and competition. Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you
like, for the important thing is passion. 2
Besides, volunteer. 3 Volunteering can teach you job-related skills such as
responsibility or time management. Some schools also reward the learning aspect of
volunteer work with credit hours. If you are interested in college, volunteering makes you
much more appealing during the application process.
Thirdly, use your summer for academic programs. Getting a head start at college
could mean sacrificing your summer vacation. Various universities offer programs for
future college students based on interests such as journalism, photography, art, sports, etc.
4 Research different programs and then figure out which one is the best choice for
you. Check the requirements and deadlines. Avoid getting into trouble because of a simple
mistake, and you will have a great time.
Then, know when to ask for help and advice. Being responsible and independent
does not mean being alone. 5 So, seek advice from parents, older siblings, mentors at
work, teachers or someone whom you trust. Opening up channels of communication at a
young age is a great habit for success.
A.It will drive you to put in your best effort.
B.Huge steps are taken within that portion.
C.Making and meeting goals motivates you to progress.
D.They give teenagers the chance to earn college credits.
E.Giving your time to your community is a noble activity.
F.Make sure your maturity level and interests are leveled.
G.Taking on new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,丰富自我,完善
自我。文章讲述了13~19岁是人生中的重要时期,承担一定的责任和保持独立会让这个时期
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的青少年获得很大的成功。文章从四个方面给出了具体建议。
1.B 过渡句。前文提到The age range of 13~19 is an important time in an individual's
life,选项B中的that portion指的是青少年时期;而选项中的Huge steps也与后文的becoming
a successful teenager相呼应。选项B起到了承上启下的作用,故选B项。
2.A 细节句。前文Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you like, for the
important thing is passion.强调了在参与课外活动时最重要的是热爱,选项A中的It指代
passion。故选A项。
3.E 过渡句。根据常识可知,志愿者是在自己的业余时间为所在的群体或社区做贡献。这
正是选项E中所说的 Giving your time to your community,空后的Volunteering can teach
you job-related skills such as responsibility or time management.进一步说明做志愿者是一
项有意义的活动。选项E与本段话题相一致。故选E项。
4.D 细节句。第四段主要讲的是如何在学业项目上利用暑期,选项D中的They指的是上文
提到的programs,而该选项中的to earn college credits也与本段中心内容一致。故选D项。
5.G 细节句。根据后文So, seek advice可知,设空处应该给出寻求建议的原因,而Taking on
new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work.恰恰说明了寻求建议的原因。故选G项。
Passage 12
Despite the many ways to communicate, good communicators share in common
important principles and techniques that enable them to communicate effectively. The
characteristics of good communicators cut across all languages and cultures. Becoming a
good communicator has many benefits and advantages. 1
Good communicators listen. Listening is an important component of communicating
effectively. It shows other people that you are sincere and interested in what they are
saying. 2 Listening enables you to weigh and evaluate various issues before you
produce a response.
Good communicators communicate clearly whether in writing, speaking or gesturing.
In terms of speaking, good communicators project their voices with a firm tone to ensure
that people can literally understand them. In terms of writing, good communicators use the
appropriate words to convey different senses of meaning. 3
Good communicators organize their thoughts to ensure that what they communicate
comes out in an organized fashion. 4 Good communicators also organize what they
say into concise statements that are easy to understand by the listeners. This way it is not
too difficult for listeners to follow what they say.
5 When a speaker shows that she is genuine about what she says, listeners are
likely to believe the speaker because of the sincerity with which she speaks. Sincere
communicators usually communicate convincingly because they are willing to put their
beliefs on the line for the sake of communicating the truth.
A.Good communicators are sincere.
B.Also, it allows you to correctly respond to people.
C.Good communicators must have a strong vocabulary.
D.Good communicators have sympathy for others' suffering.
E.But what kind of qualities does a good communicator have?
F.The meaning of communication is to help people understand each other.
G.This allows them the ability to make a clear explanation with examples and
illustrations.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系与社会
交往。文章介绍了有效的沟通者应该具备的四种素养。
1.E 过渡句。设空处前说明了有效的沟通者有许多相同之处,设空处后的四段详细介绍了
具体的四种素养,故选E项。
2.B 细节句。由设空处后的response可知,此处表达的是倾听使人可以正确地回应对方,故
选B项。
3.C 细节句。设空处前的语句说明有效的沟通者会用恰当的字眼表达不同的意思,说明沟
通者要有丰富的词汇量,故选C项。
4.G 细节句。设空处前的语句说明了有效的沟通者能够很有条理的组织并表达出自己的意
思,这就意味着他们具备用各种事例清楚地解释他们的思想的能力,故选G项。
5.A 主题句。设空处后的部分说明有效的沟通者在与人沟通时始终保持真诚。故选A项。
Passage 13
You may want to start paying attention to supermarket shelves because they are
changing rapidly. Soon, when you walk by a shelf filled with produce, it may have
electronic labels, personalized advertisements, RFID (radio-frequency identification reader)
technology and IoT(Internet of Things) sensors. Smart shelves with digital displays are
coming to more supermarkets as paper labels are replaced with advanced technology.
Electronic labels will replace all the paper labels which announce the prices. 1
Electronic labels display prices, advertisements, nutritional data, coupons and videos.
Imagine standing in front of a milk display and instantly comparing nutritional information
among different brands while getting a flashing coupon that you scan with your phone.
2 For example, sensors installed in the shelves can tell when you approach
them,so they can show you a deal on the same bread you purchased last week.
Additionally, if you use a store's app to create a shopping list, the smart shelves can
interact with the list and show you where to find the items you want.
RFID usually has a tag that can transmit and receive data. 3 In supermarkets,
RFID technology can help retailers manage. RFID tags can alert store assistants when the
shelves are empty and need restocking or when someone has put the wrong items on a
shelf.
IoT sensors have many potential uses in a supermarket. 4 The sensors can check
temperatures in freezers and cases to make sure they are correct. They can also collect
data from smart shelves. The technology can help supermarkets understand which products
appeal to consumers and can affect how stores arrange items on display.
5 From digital displays that show instant price changes to advertisements linked
to your shopping list,you can expect the technology to become more personalized.
A.One of the most basic is temperature control.
B.Smart shelves will change how you shop in the future.
C.Smart shelves can interact with apps on a customer's smartphone.
D.They can automatically scan your purchases and make shopping faster.
E.It uses radio waves to identify items and transmit information about them.
F.They will make it easier to change the prices in an entire store within minutes.
G.Some consumers will share their personal information and purchase history to score a
deal.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章从电
子标签、与顾客的互动、数据的传输和接收、传感器等方面介绍了智能货架,认为这将改变
人们的购物方式。
1.F 细节句。根据前文Electronic labels will replace all the paper labels which announce
the prices.可知此处是讲电子标签,选项F中的They指代电子标签,说明了电子标签的作用。
故选F项。
2.C 主题句。根据后文 Additionally, if you use a store's app to create a shopping list,
the smart shelves can interact with the list and show you where to find the items you
want.可知, 此处是讲智能货架可以与顾客手机上的应用程序互动。故选C项。
3.E 细节句。根据前文RFID usually has a tag that can transmit and receive data.可知,此
处是讲 RFID 可以传输和接收数据, 选项E讲的是它传输数据的方式。故选E项。
4.A 细节句。根据后文The sensors can check temperatures in freezers and cases to make
sure they are correct.可知,此处是讲温度控制。故选 A项。
5.B 主题句。根据后文 From digital displays that show instant price changes to
advertisements linked to your shopping list,you can expect the technology to become more
personalized.可知,此处是讲智能货架的未来发展。故选B项。
Passage 14
Take a Break from Technology
In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology. It's true to say that
technology makes our lives easier. 1 Otherwise we put ourselves at the risk of
developing hundreds of health problems. Over the summer the days are longer, sunnier
and free from school. With all this free time, why not put it to good use and do
something that doesn't involve technology?
2 There are hundreds of possibilities: crafts, cooking, learning a musical
instrument or a new sport. Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe, but haven't
had time? Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit, so you can have a new sweater for
the autumn? You could use your free time to learn something new. 3
If you just fancy relaxing, why not head to a beach? Take along your favourite book
and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline. If you don't live near a
beach, you could go to your local park. 4
Whatever you choose to do with your summer, try something new! 5 Also, you
might make new friends along the way. Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel-
hopping, have a think about what else you could spend your time doing.
A.To start with, you could learn a new skill.
B.Technology has become an important part of our lives.
C.And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future.
D.You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you.
E.Why not take along a picnic, or try and identify some of the local wildlife?
F.However, increasingly scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break.
G.In our increasingly technology-driven world, have we become addicted to technology?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为健康的生活方式。文章
讲述了在科技发达的今天要学会放松自己。
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1.F 过渡句。上文In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology. It's true
to say that technology makes our lives easier说明科技给我们带来好处,下文提倡做一些不
涉及科技的事情,说明设空处应与上文形成转折关系。故选F项。
2.A 主题句。下文讲述的是可以学习的新技能。所以 A项To start with, you could learn
a new skill.符合语境,下文提到的crafts, cooking, learning a musical instrument or a new
sport就是新技能的举例说明。故选A项。
3.C 细节句。上文讲述的是学习新技能,所以C项And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting
opportunity in the future.符合语境,And Perhaps与上文的Perhaps相呼应。故选C项。
4.E 细节句。上文讲述的是户外放松的方式。设空处承接上文,可能推荐不在海滩附近的
放松方式。故选E项。
5.D 细节句。上文Whatever you choose to do with your summer, try something new讲
述的是夏天的时候尝试做一些新的事。D项You might surprise yourself and find a hidden
talent within you.中的hidden talent呼应上文的something new。故选D项。
Passage 15 词数 449
The Changing Landscape of the Music Business
The music industry is in the process of a great change. In the past decades, artists
made money through physical sales of records, CDs, and cassettes. While in recent years,
downloading songs from services such as Amazon or iTunes has become the most
common way for people to purchase music, the whole idea of buying music to own may
be falling. To take its place are Internet apps that stream music directly to listeners on
their smartphones, tablets, or computers. 1 While this is great for fans, who now have
access to millions of songs at the flick of a touch screen, it has shattered the traditional
model of how an artist manages his or her career.
With music lovers increasingly moving away from making one-time purchases towards
an all-you-can-listen-to service, what is a hard-working artist to do? The main problem
faced by many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what
an artist would receive from a download. 2 In November of 2014, award-winning
musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spotify, a popular streaming
app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth.
3 They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard
by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager of the band Radiohead, has come out in
support of streaming services. He sees them as a way for musicians and fans to interact.
Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there's
no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money. 4
Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians. A band can make much
money by agreeing to promote a product or license its music for use in advertisements,
but there are many ways that this can backfire. When bands work with businesses, they
may lose the image they have worked to create. 5 Artists must develop an image that
appeals to their fans in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking the
wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careers in this new business
landscape.
A.Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music.
B.However, those forms of media are quickly fading away.
C.Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue.
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D.The rules could be different for smaller bands just starting out.
E.Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky.
F.One major shift is the growth in the partnership between artists and businesses.
G.These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是音乐领域的发展。文章
介绍了音乐行业的格局随着互联网时代的到来而产生的变化。
1.G 细节句。设空处与其后句谈论的是同一话题——Internet Apps,G项中的These apps
对应前句中的Internet apps,而设空处后一句中的代词this指的便是从Internet Apps得到音
乐的方式。
2.C 细节句。本段的关键词是artist,由此可将答案锁定在C项和F项上。设空处前句重点
强调的是许多音乐家面临的主要问题是他们(由于大众在线听歌比下载音乐付费少)获得的
报酬更低了。设空处不仅要谈论到artist,还要延续前一句提出的“问题”,C项中的the issue
对应前句中提到的艺术家面临的问题。设空处后的句子虽然没有关键词 artist,但是以一个艺
术家的例子(Taylor Swift)来证明报酬确实更低了。
3.A 主旨句。第二段和第三段对“在线听歌”这种服务方式的观点是相对的。第二段从艺
术家获取报酬更低的角度来体现“在线听歌”的弊端。第三段设空处后句中出现了offers
smaller artists a chance,本段重点在于另外一些人对“在线听歌”的积极看法,A项可以代表
本段的观点。
4.F 过渡句。此段起承上启下的作用,设空处要开启新的话题——音乐家和公司之间的关
系。这与F项中的the partnership between artists and businesses对应。
5.E 细节句。通过设空处前后句中出现的关键词“image”,可将答案锁定在E项。
Passage 16 词数 447
If you text often, you likely have a “texting style”. Do you often use emojis? Or
what about using correct punctuation (标点)? What do all these texting habits say about
you? To help you understand yourself, here are some texting styles that can tell you a lot
about your personality.
Do you always use emojis when you're texting? You're most likely someone who is
willing to show your emotions and is truthful. 1 To make sure the other person doesn't
get the wrong idea about your messages, you make sure to express the tone of messages
with an emoji, which can be often used as effective signals in modern social
communication.
If you like to respond in one-word texts like a quick “Good”, then you most
likely have a more reserved personality, and aren't as open with your true thoughts and
feelings. Because you are not as open with your emotions in texts, you may not care how
lengthy your response is. But be careful. 2
Do you value punctuation and grammar in your writing? This love of grammar goes
straight into your texts as well as your emails. This seems like a great thing, doesn't it?
But in texting, people seem to think otherwise. Simply placing a period at the end of
sentences in texts can make you come across as untrustworthy to others. 3 With this
texting style, you are rooted in logic and always pay attention to the little details.
Are your texts lengthy and thoughtful? 4 Similar to someone who texts with
perfect grammar, you are a thoughtful and detail-oriented person, who enjoys deep
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conversations and likes things that are controlled and stable.
5 Which texting personality are you? Are you a mix of several types? It's
important to note that everyone has different ways of texting in different situations.
Everyone texts their colleagues in a different style from their family or their friends. If
you ever think someone may have left you an unclear or rude text, it's better to just ask
them in-person what they meant.
A.Do you relate to any of these texting personalities?
B.Do you know that you and your friends may have different styles?
C.Such texts may also be rated as less sincere than those that do not.
D.You may be the busy type who doesn't have a lot of time to respond.
E.You're the type of person who understands the importance of context.
F.You want others to know how you're feeling when you're using a message.
G.If you're texting someone with a different text personality, they may view your text as
negative.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我。文章介绍了
一些发信息的风格,通过这些不同的风格,可以了解一些关于个性方面的信息。
1.F 细节句。本段中的主语全部是you,所以先关注所有主语是you的选项(只能排除C项)。
其次,本段中多次提到了 message,这帮助我们锁定了 F 项。设空处前出现的 show your
emotions与F项中的want others to know how you're feeling对应,所以可以确定F项是正
确的。
2.G 细节句。本段主要介绍了爱发简短信息的人可能性格更保守。段落的最后出现警告
(But be careful),说明设空处的内容与前面描述的内容(这类人可能不在乎回复内容的长短)
是相反的,即有些人(不这么发信息的人)可能就在乎甚至认为你的(短)信息是一种拒绝
(negative)的信号,所以应该选择G项。
3.C 细节句。设空处前一句中的untrustworthy与C项中的less sincere对应,此外C项中句
首出现的Such texts与前一句中的Simply placing a period at the end of sentences in texts
对应。
4.E 细节句。从文章的第二段开始,每段都介绍了一种发信息的风格,透过这种风格来剖析
发信息的人的性格特点。所以当本段第一句以提问的形式出现,就意味着这段要阐述的是信
息较长且经过深思熟虑的风格。那发类似信息的人会是什么性格呢?设空处就会给出答案,E
选项符合题意。
5.A 主旨句。根据设空处后两个疑问句(你是哪种发短信的性格?你是几种类型的混合体
吗?)可知,设空处就前文所提及的几种短信风格的介绍和说明,来让读者判断自己所属的类型。
Passage 17 词数 420
Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It's often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution.
Creative solutions require a change of perspective. 1
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought
that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in
your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key
words are reversed. 2 Your challenge is “How do we make sure that fewer people
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take cars to their work?”. Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as
“How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work?”. In this case, the
first statement will make you think of alternative means of transportation, like trains or
bikes, while the second statement will probably make you think of solutions like
carpooling—fewer cars for the same number of people.
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this
technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. 3 For instance, the
question “How might we sell more washing machines?” is not easily reversed—there is
no key word to swap with “washing machines”. Yet, when you rephrase the question to
“How might we sell more washing machines to young parents?” you can easily change
it to “How might we sell more young parents to washing machines?”. 4 You could
interpret this last sentence as “the washing machine pays the young parents to try it
out”. Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save
each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking.
5 However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will “cost” you to try out a
reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A.The second problem statement is much more logical.
B.Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.
C.Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D.A great way to do this is by “reversing” your problem statement.
E.For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F.Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G.Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是完善自我。文章简要介
绍了逆向思维这种解决问题的思维方式,并阐述了它的好处和表现形式。
1.D 过渡句。通常情况下在第一段的最后一句设空,此句会起到开启下文的作用。第二段
第一句的主语是The reversal technique,说明上一段的最后一句中要出现关键词reversal或
它的同源词,还要提到与technique相关的表达。D项中的reversing是reversal的同源词,A
great way与technique对应。
2.E 过渡句。本段的第一句是方法(……只要把关键词颠倒过来),与设空处以及后面的描述
是总述和详述的关系,详述的部分希望通过一个具体的例子来教会大家怎么用这个方法。所
以设空处是一个转折点,提出我们来看一个例子(For instance)。
3.B 细节句。根据设空处后面的For instance可知,后面的例子是对设空处进行的展开说明。
例子中所用到的方法是加词(add words),这与B选项中的add one more key word对应。
4.F 细节句。F选项与前后句主语不同,也没有相同的关键词关联。设空处是对本段提出的
方法的评价(unusual challenge),再结合全篇来看,解决问题是需要转变思维方式的,此种方法
可能会激发出有创造性的想法(stimulate a creative thought)。
5.G 细节句。However提示设空处是对首句的进一步解释说明,两句话关系紧密。设空处前
句阐述了有些逆转需要非常灵活的思维方式(很难做到),后句接着这个话题表明,不是每个人
都能把一个不合理的陈述变成一个有用的解决方案。
Passage 18 词数 428
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Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune in to any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise
their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and
necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by
humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and
David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people
showed feelings of pride and shame. 1 They tried to find a large group of people,
and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people
reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the
Paralympics— included many athletes who were born blind. 2 Working with a
professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108
competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The
photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the
researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. 3 The
winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while
shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
4 Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still
make exactly the same movements. And while it's possible that parents may have taught
their blind children some of these actions, it's very unlikely that they could have taught
them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of
the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside
other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. 5
A.They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B.In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C.Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and
losing.
D.The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful
observation.
E.The athletes' behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally
since birth.
F.Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost
exactly the same ways.
G.In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined
and learned through observation.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我。一项研究发
现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的,文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
1.G 细节句。本段主要阐述Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto的研究目的是什么,G项中的
They指代前文中的Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto,而G项中的they wanted to know...与
前句中的who wanted to see...相对应。
2.C 细节句。C项中they指代前文中的many athletes who were born blind,正因为这些运
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动员看不见,所以(Therefore)他们无法亲眼看到别人对赢得比赛或输掉比赛的反应。
3.F 细节句。设空处前句提到摄影师在这些运动员比赛结束后给他们拍照,研究人员仔细记
录了他们头部、手臂和身体的位置,这么做目的就是要通过分析(Analyzing the data)找出有
价值的发现(they found that...),设空处后句具体描述了他们的发现。
4.E 主旨句。前一段的研究观察结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同,本
段继续阐述他们的行为证明了这些动作方式是天生就有的,设空处后的描述均是对首句的解
释说明。
5.A 细节句。本文的主旨就是研究发现的结果——人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的,与
成功和失败对应的情绪是自豪和羞愧(pride and shame),所以这种自豪和羞愧的行为也是天
生的,这与A选项对应。
Passage 19 词数 370
What Can We See in a Logo?
We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we
wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. 1 However, recently
research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult
task.
Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely
from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo
from memory. 2 Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to
explain this blind spot in our memories.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance.
Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.
This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).” 3
Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also
programmed for recognition. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we
become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to
as gist (主旨) memory. 4 This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact,
familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about
purchasing or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color
combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to
consider. 5 A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details
—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.
A.This may be inspiring to logo designers.
B.People will know the product behind the logo.
C.So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?
D.They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image.
E.It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details.
F.Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don't think we will need to
remember.
G.Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is
worthwhile.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是设计领域的概况及其发
展。研究表明,人们记住一个标识非常困难,文章解释了背后的原因以及这对标识设计者的启
示。
1.D 细节句。由设空处后的However可知,设空处应与其前面的句子话题一致。前一句提
到了设计标识的目的,设空处应该延续“标识的作用”这一内容,D项延续了前一句的话题并
且更进一步地阐述了标识的作用。
2.C 细节句。设空处与前后两句话是一个完整的逻辑关系,即“展示结果+提出问题+解释
原因”。设空处前的关键信息是“展示试验的结果”(只有一个人准确地画出了标识),设空
处应该针对结果“提出问题”(为什么人们很难回想起标识的细节?),设空处后的关键信息是
“解释原因”(有一个理论可能可以解释这个现象)。
3.F 细节句。通过此段中的关键词brains可以锁定E和F选项。而此段中的另外一个关键
词overlook让我们锁定了F选项,其与F项中的ignore对应。
4.E 细节句。此段的第一句话中再次出现了brain,说明此段与上一段都是在针对大脑进行
分析。本段中出现的details与E选项中的details对应,且设空处前出现的gist memory(主旨
记忆)与E选项中的the basic idea without all of the details呼应。
5.G 细节句。由设空处前出现的A fancy design以及设空处后出现的A clever design可
知,最后一段想再次通过此研究的结论给标识设计者一些启发。
Passage 20 词数 434
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem?
Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or
herself. Self-esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as “I'm a failure” and
“I'm beautiful”) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The
more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-
fulfilled we will be. When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our
ability to enjoy them can suffer. 1
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a
blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem
were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance,
they were praised for what they had achieved. 2 They likely experienced affection and
were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports
and were admired for it by peers.
3 As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one
way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the
adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem
were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need
to be perfect. 4 There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies
because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes
these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-
esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. 5 So if you
struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
A.There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B.When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it.
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C.Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
D.People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
E.This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
F.They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
G.High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you
when you need it.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我与完善自我。
文章指出了高度认可自我和自卑的表现以及它们形成的原因,强调了自尊对健康的人际关系
的重要性。
1.B 细节句。第一段设空处前的“The more...”与设空处前一句形成对比,前面阐述了当我
们越是相信自己就越能自我满足,而后面则阐述我们不相信自己的结果如何,与前面形成对照。
设空处承接上一句中的“不相信(认可)自己”继续阐述,所以B项中的start to doubt what's
important in life与其对应。
2.A 细节句。从设空处前一句中的For instance开始到本段最后一句话在举例子来说明前
面提到的“拥有强烈自尊心的成年人是从小培养起来的,有很多方法可以帮助他们成为拥有
强烈自尊心的人”。A项中提到的“别人会以尊重的方式和他们谈话”与设空处前后句提
到的“受表扬”“得到足够关注”都是可以帮助他们培养强烈自尊心的方法。
3.D 过渡句。设空处前一段关注的是高度认可自己的人,而设空处后句(当他们还是孩子的
时候,他们中的许多人都受到了这样或那样的批评、吼叫或虐待。)与上一段正好相反,关注
的是缺乏自尊心的人,所以设空处起承上启下的作用。
4.E 细节句。设空处前句指出这些成年人也认为为了得到赞赏他们需要完美,设空处继续
此话题进行阐述,E项中的“没有成就,他们就一文不值”与前句匹配。
5.G 细节句。设空处后出现的So说明设空处与后一句是因果关系,后句中的reach out for
assistance与G项中的ask for help and support对应。
Passage 21 词数 479
You're faced with a lot of decisions in everyday work. There are multiple tasks
calling for your focus, and you are burning daylight or even burn out trying to decide
what comes first. 1
If you're going to think better about how you prioritize (以优先顺序排列) tasks, you
have to invest a little time away from your to-do list. Here's the thing:what you work on
confirms your values. You may think it's no big thing to work overtime for a little while,
but something will be sacrificed with this decision. If you're a parent, you might spend
less time with your kids. Similarly, if you choose not to work much or effectively, you're
deciding that your values lie outside your career. 2
Write all the tasks down and create four boxes containing all of the things you care
about. This could be:helps the community, makes money, and things you find personally
fulfilling. Then place them in the boxes and see how many of the boxes each one takes
up. Anything that fills just one box has to be reconsidered. Anything that fills nothing
should not be considered at all. 3 From here, the rest of the prioritization gets a little
easier. You now have a better idea where the efforts are really paying off. You also know
when you are wasting your own time.
In order to figure out a plan for yourself, the first thing you should be doing is
gathering all of your tasks, large and small. 4 Other people are counting on you or
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your future self will depend on them somehow. These are actually easier to prioritize.
Then break down large tasks into smaller pieces. That helps put things in order. Part of
the reason we do the small things first is that being productive feels good.
Acknowledging accomplishments makes you more likely to keep going and pushes you
through the more complicated tasks.
5 Notice when your energy levels are high and when they are weak. Be aware
when you're more productive for social activities and when you're better off. The more
you study yourself, the easier planning becomes.
Now that you have your priorities in order, go ahead and you will boost your
productivity.
A.You can also prioritize based on energy levels.
B.The good news is that some tasks can keep you motivated.
C.So how can you figure out what's most important to work on first?
D.This activity allows you to see where you really want to invest your energy.
E.If you want to make a new list, you need to turn to your colleagues for help.
F.There are some tasks that are pretty straightforward and you need to do the things.
G.Where you invest your time is not just about what you value but also what you don't
value.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是丰富自我。文章简要介
绍了任务排序的策略和方法。
1.C 过渡句。第一段第一句就提到了decisions,设空处前句中又提到trying to decide what
comes first,因此设空处的内容要与关键信息对应,即 C 项中的 figure out what's most
important to work on first。
2.G 总结句。根据前文内容Here's the thing:what you work on confirms your values.以及
本段设空处前举的例子可知,该段具体说明价值是由什么决定的。G项(你把时间投资到哪里,
不仅说明了你重视什么,同时说明了你不重视什么。)是对全段内容的总结。
3.D 细节句。本段介绍了一种通过把任务放在盒子里进行任务排序的方法,并详细介绍了
操作步骤。设空处选择D项(这个活动可以让你看到你真正想把精力投入的地方。)来体现
这个方法的好处,其后一句(由此,剩下的优先排序就变得简单点了。)是对D项内容的延伸。
4.F 细节句。本段中反复出现的关键词是tasks,由此可以锁定B和F项。根据设空处前后
句可知此处在阐述如何对任务进行分类,F项匹配。
5.A 主旨句。由设空处后句(注意你的能量水平何时高,何时弱。)以及该段内容可知,该段在
介绍与能量水平相关的任务排序方法。因此A项(你也可以根据能量水平来划分优先级。)
为该段主旨。
Passage 22 词数 373
Five Established Memory Boosters
Can't remember where you left your car keys again? 1 And as smartphones and
tablets make it possible to outsource memory storage to our devices, the act of forgetting
may be easier than ever. But scientists are still discovering how everyday actions can lead
to enhancements in our overall memory capacity. Here are a few simple tips for mastering
your memory:
GET SOME SLEEP. As we're sleeping, our brains change recent experiences into
long-term memory, a process known as consolidation. 2 A 2014 study found mice that
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slept after acquiring a new task were able to preserve the memory better than their
counterparts lacking in sleep.
EXERCISE REGULARLY. If you need another reason to hit the gym, regular
exercise— specifically, aerobic exercise— has been shown to enhance memory recall,
particularly in young adults. For older adults, it can even put off brain shrinkage.
EAT MORE BERRIES. 3 A growing body of research suggests that snacking on
strawberries, blueberries and blackberries can boost the brain's communication pathways.
And eating berries, according to a 2012 study, could actually slow memory decline caused
by aging.
SAY IT OUT LOUD. 4 But researchers have learned that saying them out loud—
rather than reading information silently—can result in a major memory upgrade. If you're
feeling shy, you can also try typing or writing it out, too.
GO TO YOUR MEMORY PALACE. 5 One of these is the method of loci (轨迹
记忆法), or the visualizing of information as major stops along a mental journey, like an
imaginary walk through your childhood home. A 2017 study found that this technique
actually reshapes different networks of the brain to better support memory.
A.Remembering new concepts isn't always easy.
B.And a good night's sleep can help you learn, too.
C.Sufficient amounts of vitamin B2 can improve your memory.
D.Changing habits is hard, but having more fruit doesn't sound so bad, right?
E.And we are beginning to understand the importance of sleep to overall health.
F.Strategies for supercharging our memories have been around since ancient times.
G.With numerous businesses to deal with in our brain, it's easy to let a few things slip
through.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是完善自我。文章简要介
绍了五种被认可的记忆提升方法。
1.G 细节句。设空处前一句通过一个日常生活中的小例子说明人们经常会忘掉一些事,这
与G项中的it's easy to let a few things slip through匹配。第一段中先说明此现象,再告诉
读者提升记忆力的方法。
2.B 细节句。该段提出的方法与睡眠(sleep)有关,根据关键词sleep和下文的例子可以锁定
正确答案为B项。
3.D 过渡句。该段提出的方法与吃浆果有关,D项中的fruit对应中心句中的BERRIES以及
后面出现的strawberries, blueberries and blackberries。
4.A 细节句。该段提出提升记忆力的方法是“大声说出来”,设空处后也指出大声将它们
念出来记得更牢,它们(them)指代的应该是设空处提到的东西,且设空处后出现But,表转折,所
以应该选A项。them指代A项中的new concepts,先提出记住新概念并不容易,再给出解决
办法——大声将它们念出来。
5.F 细节句。设空处后句出现的 the method of loci(轨迹记忆法)和最后一句中出现的
technique与F项中的Strategies(策略)对应。且设空处后句中的One of these对应F项中的
Strategies for supercharging our memories。
Passage 23 词数 413
People Who Can't Count
A recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical inability in reading,
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affects about 5% of children in Britain. There is no simple way of finding out the reason
and kids with this learning disability are usually labelled unintelligent.
So what exactly is this learning disability in mathematics? Unlike most people,
dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects. 1 For example, they need to count
the books on the table before they can say how many there are. In other words, they
have to count them one by one. This is where they are different from others. The
majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them.
2 They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five. Another
problem is not being able to tell which group contains more objects than the other.
Experiments have proved that dyscalculics have not developed the part of the brain
responsible for processing numbers.
There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics. 3 If
your best friend is always late, he might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics
cannot keep track of time, and they never know how much time they have spent getting
ready and how long it will take them to get to work. In addition, research has shown
that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations. 4 This poor ability can explain why
they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for
their holiday.
On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from
dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language
acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as, if not earlier than,
most children and have no problem learning to read or write. 5
A.Dyscalculics have difficulties in using numbers at all.
B.This disability scares children away from learning mathematics.
C.They have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects.
D.It is quite reasonable for dyscalculics to solve this kind of specific problem at any
time.
E.They never know how much they should tip the waiter or they've got left after a
shopping trip.
F.We can see that dyscalculia is only a learning disability, not a general indication of
intelligence.
G.This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in
which things have happened.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我。文章简要描
述了有计算障碍的这一类人在不同方面的特征。
1.C 细节句。设空处前提到有计算障碍的人无法识别三个或四个物品,后面的例子(For
example)解释了这些人就算面对数量很少的物品时,也必须一个一个地数,即通过例行数数才
能知道有几个物品,C选项的go through the routine of counting与前后句要表达的意思匹配。
2.A 主旨句。此段列举了有计算障碍的人的两个困难,设空处是第一个困难,后面句子当中
的two and three makes five与A项中的using numbers对应。
3.G 细节句。该段首句提出,有计算困难的人在抽象时间概念上也有问题,根据关键词time,
可知 G 项中的 in reading schedules and remembering the order in which things have
happened与其匹配。
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4.E 细节句。由设空句后面的This poor ability can explain why可知,设空处与后一句联
系紧密,E项中的how much they should tip the waiter or they've got left after a shopping
trip对应后一句中的how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for
their holiday。
5.F 总结句。虽然前文指出有计算障碍的人有很多问题,但此段也强调这些人也有擅长的部
分,设空处希望读者明白,计算障碍只是一种学习障碍,与智力无关。
Passage 24 词数 465
Poor Sleep and Loneliness:A Vicious Cycle?
The feeling of being lonely is the sense that you have less social contact with others
than you want. It is not quite the same as the amount of social contact you have. Some
people don't engage that often with others, but they are perfectly fine with that, and so
they don't feel alone. 1 Being lonely is associated with poorer psychological health.
One area of research has focused specifically on the relationship between loneliness
and sleep. There are several inter-related questions:Is feeling lonely related to the quality
of people's sleep? What aspects of sleep are related to loneliness? And does loneliness
cause sleep problems, or do difficulties with sleeping lead to feelings of loneliness? 2
The relationship between loneliness and sleep was explored in a paper by Melanie
Hom and Caol Chu in the September 2020 issue of Clinical Psychological Science. They
analyzed the data of previous studies relating sleep quality to feelings of loneliness. 3
This relationship is stronger for insomnia ( 失 眠 症 ) than for sleep complaints like
nightmares. In addition, the more loneliness people express, the less effective they think
their sleep is.
Although poor sleep and loneliness are closely related, it is hard to determine
whether loneliness causes sleep difficulties or the reverse (相反).
4 It is because you can look to see whether sleep difficulties at one time predict
later feelings of loneliness or whether loneliness early on predicts later sleep difficulties.
Interestingly, sleep problems predicted later loneliness and loneliness predicted later sleep
difficulties. However, the connection between earlier sleep difficulties and later loneliness
was generally stronger than that between earlier loneliness and later sleep difficulties. This
pattern suggests that there may be a vicious cycle, though, in which poor sleep can
increase feelings of loneliness, which can in turn increase sleep difficulties.
If you are someone who has trouble sleeping, be aware that poor sleep lowers your
resilience (复原力) overall. Among other things, it may make it harder for you to
appreciate the social contacts you have. 5 That added social engagement just might
have a positive impact on your future sleep.
A.Long-term studies that follow the same people over time help.
B.If you have difficulty in social engagement, you may feel lonely.
C.Other people may spend a lot of time with others, but still long for more.
D.These issues are important because poor sleep can affect psychological health.
E.To solve the problem, you should monitor your sleeping quality and physical health.
F.If you have trouble sleeping, try spending more time reaching out to friends and loved
ones.
G.The results indicate that the more sleep difficulties people express they have, the
lonelier they feel.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为生活方式。文章对睡眠
和孤独之间的联系进行了研究,并且对如何解决睡眠问题给出了建议。
1.C 细节句。C项中的Other people may spend a lot of time with others与前文的Some
people don't engage that often with others对应。
2.D 总结句。本段主要说明孤独和睡眠之间的关系,第二句通过inter-related questions引出
了后面的三个问题,这些问题也都将睡眠和孤独联系在一起。D项(这些问题很重要,因为睡
眠不好会影响心理健康。)对本段提出的两者之间的关系进行总结。
3.G 细节句。G选项与本段的最后一句话中the more loneliness people express, the less
effective they think their sleep is对应,证明了睡眠和孤独两者互相影响。
4.A 过渡句。设空处与上一段和本段均有强关联性。上一段提出很难确定到底是孤独导致
睡眠困难还是睡眠困难导致孤独,设空处针对这个难题提出了解决办法——长期跟踪同一批
人。而设空处后的It is because是对提出的办法进行具体的解释说明。
5.F 细节句。最后一段是对有睡眠问题的人提出提醒(第一句)和建议(设空处)。F项的句式
(If you have trouble sleeping...)与首句一致,且F项中的reaching out to friends and loved
ones与后句中的social engagement对应。
Passage 25 词数 387
Have you ever been labeled a “perfectionist”? Or do you consider yourself to be
one? It's attractive to see perfectionism as a positive quality—it shows that we pay close
attention to detail and get things right! And, it is often viewed as a strength that helps
people to produce high-quality work. 1 It can damage self-esteem, cause relationship
problems, and, in extreme cases, it may even lead to serious health problems. If you think
that you have a problem with perfectionism, the following strategies can help you to
lessen its negative effects.
Set realistic goals. 2 Instead, learn to think about your most important life and
career goals. Then, break them down into smaller steps. Not only will this make it easier
to reach your objectives, but you'll also experience the thrill of achieving them.
3 If you're feeling anxious or unhappy about a task, they may be telling you
that you're trying to achieve the impossible. And adjust your targets accordingly!
Perfectionists are often likely to start negative self-talk. If you catch yourself doing this,
stop! Try using thought awareness to question your negative thoughts and add some
positivity!
Focus on the bigger picture. Perfectionism can cause “tunnel vision”—when you
focus on one small part of something but ignore the rest. You might, for instance, focus
on getting a minor part of a presentation right, like the special effects, instead of
concentrating on the meaning that you are trying to deliver. Remember to keep your focus
on the bigger picture. 4
Relax and go with the flow. The pursuit of perfection can make it extremely difficult
to relax. And perfectionists prefer to maintain focus and to stick to their carefully laid
plans. But relaxation isn't just necessary for a healthy life. It can also improve your
productivity and well-being. And you'll be better at keeping perfectionism under control if
you're feeling rested, clear-headed and happy. 5 Get outside, be open to new
experiences and new people, make use of relaxation techniques, and recognize when you
need to switch off.
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Most of all, don't allow perfectionism or fear of failure to stop you from
experiencing new things. Be open to new ways of thinking, new people, and new
experiences. You might just find that letting go actually boosts your well-being, your
relationships, and your performance.
A.Listen to your emotions.
B.So, take regular breaks at work.
C.Seek advice from qualified health professionals.
D.Your failings will seem less significant and you'll reduce the urge to be perfect.
E.However, when perfectionism gets out of control, it can do more harm than good.
F.Perfectionists often set objectives so high that there's little hope of ever achieving them.
G.If you're afraid to make mistakes, it's difficult to generate new ideas and seize
opportunities.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为完善自我。文章介绍了
几种减少完美主义所带来的负面影响的办法。
1.E 过渡句。由设空处前文提及的完美主义的优点以及设空处后句提到的问题可知,设空
处应起到从“优点”过渡到“缺点”的功能,E项用However表示设空处前后内容的对立,E
项中的more harm对应了后面的内容(损害自尊,引起人际关系问题,导致严重的健康问题)。
2.F 细节句。根据第二段主旨句Set realistic goals.(设定现实的目标。)可知,本段重点在说
明减少完美主义所带来的负面影响的第一个方法——设定现实的目标。F 项中的 set
objectives与Set...goals对应。
3.A 主旨句。根据上一段和下一段的首句可知,中间几段均是建议,且首句均以祈使句的形
式提出核心的方法。设空处后句的anxious or unhappy与A项中的emotions对应。
4.D 细节句。本段重点强调你需要把注意力放在大局上,避免“隧道视野”,你的缺点(Your
failings)就是大局中的一小部分,所以缺点看起来也就没那么重要了。
5.B 细节句。本段提出放松会有助于提高工作效率,所以建议工作中也要适当休息,所以选
择B项。
Passage 26 词数 398
Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech. 1
Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.
Actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of
speaking in public, but even powerful speakers like Abraham Lincoln and Franklin
D.Roosevelt were nervous before speaking. 2 Some people tremble, sweat, and
experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through their speech,
they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience,
jump back and forth from point to point, and on occasion forget what they have planned
to say. 3 And they still go on to deliver a strong speech. The secret is not to get rid
of all of your feelings but to learn to channel and control your nervousness.
Very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the
speech. 4 Why? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best.
A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline (肾上腺素) flowing—and that brings you to
speaking readiness.
Many speakers worry that others will notice how nervous they are—and that makes
them even more self-conscious and nervous. A young woman reported that she broke out
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at home before each speech. She was amazed when other students said to her, “You
seem so calm when you speak.” 5 Once you realize that your audience does not
perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one
unnecessary source of anxiety.
The more experience you get in speaking, the better you become at coping with
nervousness. As time goes on, you will come to find that having a group of people
listening to you alone is a very satisfying experience.
A.The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
B.In fact, it would be harmful if you were not nervous.
C.Try getting feedback from your listeners after a speech.
D.The difference in nervousness among people is a matter of degree.
E.Yet you must learn to cope with nervousness because speaking is important.
F.Others, however, may get butterflies in their stomachs and feel weak in the knees.
G.Perhaps the most important time for coping with nervousness is shortly before the
speech.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为完善自我。文章通过举
例说明了如何应对演讲时的紧张情绪,以及适度紧张对演讲的益处。
1.E 细节句。设空处前句提出大多数人一想到要演讲就感到极度紧张,而设空处后句指出
通过演讲我们获得了与他人分享我们的想法的能力,这说明即使紧张,演讲还是会带给我们益
处,为了获益,需要学会克服紧张,E项符合语境。
2.D 主旨句。设空处前提出无论是谁演讲前都会紧张,设空处后描述了不同的人在演讲时
紧张的表现也不同。因此设空处是对后面的具体描述的概述——人与人之间对于紧张的不
同表现只是程度的问题。
3.F 细节句。第二题后提到Some people..,描述一些人紧张时的表现,此空则是对另外一些
人紧张时的不同表现进行描述,F项中的Others与Some people对应。
4.B 细节句。本段最后一句指出一点点紧张会让肾上腺素分泌,这会让你做好演讲的准备
设空处后的Why将前后句的逻辑串联在一起,由此可以推断出,设空处提出演讲时不紧张未
必是好事,下文对此进行了解释说明。
5.C 细节句。设空处是对前面出现的例子引出的结论性建议——试着在演讲后从听众那
里得到反馈。C项中的listeners与设空处后的audience对应。
Passage 27 词数 409
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80
percent of the earth's population could live in cities. The human population could increase
to 9.1 billion yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 1
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly
skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to
make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 2
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown
with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming
would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor
would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 3 These have been
well recognized.
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Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all
year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer
from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural
chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
4 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get
natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough. The plants closest to the windows
would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away
from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 5 They
would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet's need
for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer.
Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A.Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B.That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C.So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D.For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E.Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F.Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over
distances.
G.They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from
out to up.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会进步与人类文明。
文章介绍了未来城市里的垂直农业。
1.C 过渡句。设空处前句提出人口可能增加到91亿,但可供耕种的土地数量将是相同的,第
二段首句出现了解决办法(Vertical farms...could be the solution.),这说明设空处提出了粮食
需求将会是个大问题。
2.G 细节句。设空处前两句中提到专家认为解决粮食问题的办法是——利用摩天大楼种
植农作物(关键词:experts,skyscrapers,grow crops),G项中的They指代experts,from out to up
指从“户外耕地”到“摩天大楼上”。
3.F 细节句。由本段第一句话可知此段主要阐述垂直农业的优势,尾句中的These指代上文
中提到的优势,因此设空处的描述与垂直农业的优势有关,F项符合本段主旨。
4.A 主旨句。此段与上一段内容对立,讨论了垂直农业的弊端,与第三段结构类似,首句是主
旨句,提出一些人对垂直农业持不赞成的(critical)态度。
5.D 细节句。本段讨论的是垂直农业的弊端,第二句中提出自然光源不够(...get natural
sunlight..., it wouldn't be enough.)。设空处后一句再次提到需要额外光源(need additional
light sources),D项中的natural light与关键信息对应。
Passage 28 词数 411
What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and
behaviors that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? Briefly, the longer it takes you
to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and the less able you are
to perform to your personal best. 1
You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt,
accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and
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respiratory system (呼吸系统) recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an
issue that upsets you, the faster you return to calm, the healthier you will be.
2 They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and
get on with the game, the better their performance.
Similarly, imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. 3 You have been
given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the
end of the sentence you start a new one. Although the next sentence is related to the
last, it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your
ability.
So, it is unnecessary to live your life in the past. 4 Thoughts of the past shouldn't
be allowed to reduce your personal best. Being present is a gateway to recover quickly.
5 Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look
at your progress. When you are lying in bed, you shouldn't blame yourself for having
done this wrong or not having done that better, but look at your day and note when you
made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. In this way, you are taking control
of your life and achieve the aim:reduce the time spent in recovery.
A.You're undertaking real changes here.
B.Remember:Rome wasn't built in a day.
C.Here are some cases where you can learn about it.
D.Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability.
E.Instead of the past, it is the present that you have to focus on.
F.The best example of this behavior is found with professional sportspeople.
G.It's said that the average time for sportspeople to win the game is 30 minutes.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。文章
介绍了恢复速度这一概念,并说明了恢复速度快的好处以及如何提高恢复速度。
1.C 过渡句。第一段的尾句通常起到开启下文的作用,下文展示的不同案例与C项中的
some cases对应。
2.F 过渡句。F项中的this behavior指代上一段的描述,sportspeople与设空处后一句中出现
的game呼应。
3.D 细节句。前面的an actor in a play和后面的script与D项的play your part对应,本段
最后一句中的to the best of your ability与D项中的to the best of your ability对应。
4.E 细节句。本段在提到past的时候都是否定的态度(unnecessary,shouldn't be allowed),而
提到presence则是肯定的(gateway to a quick recovery),这与E项对应。
5.B 主旨句。由设空处后两句(每天反思你的恢复速度。每天睡觉前,看看自己的进步。)可
知,本段讲述的是加快我们的恢复速度是需要每天的付出的,而B项(记住:罗马不是一天建成
的。)可以作为本段主旨,引出下文,来具体说明恢复速度是需要我们一点一点来提高的。
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