WPS Creation Series — Post 2: Joint Design Variables in WPS 焊接工艺规程编制系列 — 第 2 篇: 焊接工艺规程中的接头设计变量

🔧 WPS Creation Series — Post 2

🔧 焊接工艺规程编制系列 — 第 2 篇

Joint Design Variables in WPS

焊接工艺规程中的接头设计变量

📘 What is Joint Design in Welding?

📘 什么是焊接中的接头设计？

Joint design defines the physical configuration of the weld joint used to join two components.

接头设计定义了用于连接两个工件的焊接接头的物理构型。

It includes parameters like:

它包括以下参数：

Groove angle

坡口角度

Root opening

根部间隙

Root face

钝边

Backing type

衬垫类型

Weld configuration

焊缝构型

These parameters control:

这些参数控制：

✔ Penetration

✔ 熔深

✔ Fusion quality

✔ 熔合质量

✔ Weld strength

✔ 焊接强度

✔ Distortion control

✔ 变形控制

A wrong joint design can produce lack of fusion, incomplete penetration, or excessive heat input, even if the welder is skilled.

即使焊工技术熟练，错误的接头设计也可能导致未熔合、未焊透或过高的热输入。

⚙️ Joint Design Variables in WPS

⚙️ 焊接工艺规程中的接头设计变量

1️⃣ Groove Type

1️⃣ 坡口类型

Defines the geometry of the weld joint.

定义焊接接头的几何形状。

Common piping grooves:

常见的管道坡口：

• V-Groove

• V 形坡口

• Single bevel groove

• 单面坡口

• Double V groove

• 双 V 形坡口

• Fillet weld

• 角焊缝

In refinery piping fabrication, V-groove is most common for butt weld joints.

在炼油厂管道制造中，V 形坡口是对接接头最常见的形式。

Typical refinery piping value:

炼油厂管道的典型值：

Groove Angle → 75° ± 5°

坡口角度 → 75° ± 5°

2️⃣ Root Opening (Root Gap)

2️⃣ 根部间隙

The gap between pipe edges before welding.

焊接前管子边缘之间的间隙。

Typical refinery piping GTAW root:

炼油厂管道 GTAW 根焊典型值：

2.5 – 3 mm

2.5 – 3 毫米

Importance:

重要性：

✔ Allows proper penetration

✔ 确保适当的熔深

✔ Supports GTAW root formation

✔ 支撑 GTAW 根部成型

Too small → incomplete penetration

太小 → 未焊透

Too large → burn-through

太大 → 烧穿

3️⃣ Root Face (Land)

3️⃣ 钝边

The thickness left at the pipe edge before welding.

焊接前留在管子边缘的厚度。

Typical refinery piping value:

炼油厂管道典型值：

1 – 1.5 mm

1 – 1.5 毫米

Purpose:

目的：

• Prevents burn-through

• 防止烧穿

• Controls weld pool penetration

• 控制熔池熔深

4️⃣ Backing Type

4️⃣ 衬垫类型

Backing supports molten weld metal during root welding.

衬垫在根焊时支撑熔化的焊缝金属。

Types:

类型：

• Backing strip

• 衬垫条

• Ceramic backing

• 陶瓷衬垫

• Purge backing (argon purge)

• 气体保护衬垫（氩气吹扫）

For GTAW piping root pass, backing is usually:

对于 GTAW 管道根焊道，衬垫通常为：

✔ Back purge (Argon)

✔ 背面吹扫（氩气）

or

或者

✔ Open root without backing

✔ 无衬垫的开放根部

5️⃣ Joint Alignment (Mismatch)

5️⃣ 接头对中（错边量）

Controls alignment between two pipes.

控制两根管子之间的对中。

Typical allowable mismatch:

典型允许错边量：

≤ 2 mm

≤ 2 毫米

Excess mismatch may cause:

过大的错边量可能导致：

⚠ Lack of fusion

⚠ 未熔合

⚠ Stress concentration

⚠ 应力集中

🔍 Practical Example (From Your WPS)

🔍 实际示例（来自你的焊接工艺规程）

Joint Design:

接头设计：

Groove type → V Groove

坡口类型 → V 形坡口

Groove angle → 75° ±5°

坡口角度 → 75° ±5°

Root opening → 2.5 ±0.5 mm

根部间隙 → 2.5 ±0.5 毫米

Root face → 1 to 1.5 mm

钝边 → 1 至 1.5 毫米

Backing → GTAW root (Argon purge)

衬垫 → GTAW 根焊（氩气吹扫）

🧪 QA/QC Inspection Focus

🧪 质量保证/质量控制检验重点

During fit-up inspection:

在组对检验期间：

✔ Verify groove angle

✔ 核实坡口角度

✔ Check root gap using filler gauge

✔ 使用塞尺检查根部间隙

✔ Check root face

✔ 检查钝边

✔ Ensure proper alignment

✔ 确保正确对中

✔ Confirm purge arrangement

✔ 确认吹扫布置

Fit-up acceptance directly impacts radiography results.

组对验收直接影响射线检测结果。

Most RT failures originate from poor joint preparation.

大多数射线检测不合格源于不良的接头准备。

Root cause is often:

根本原因通常是：

• Incorrect groove preparation

• 错误的坡口制备

• Poor fit-up control

• 不良的组对控制

• WPS joint design not followed

• 未遵循焊接工艺规程的接头设计

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