WPS, PQR & WQR – Understanding the Foundation of Welding Quality 、PQR与WQR——理解焊接质量的基石

WPS, PQR & WQR – Understanding the Foundation of Welding Quality

WPS、PQR与WQR——理解焊接质量的基石

In welding and fabrication, producing a strong weld is not enough—it must also be repeatable, reliable, and compliant with applicable codes and standards.

在焊接和制造中，仅做出牢固的焊缝是不够的——它还必须是可重复的、可靠的，并符合适用的规范和标准。

This is where WPS, PQR, and WQR play a vital role.

这正是WPS、PQR和WQR发挥关键作用的地方。

These three documents work together to ensure that welding is performed consistently and by qualified personnel.

这三份文件协同工作，以确保焊接操作一致且由合格人员执行。

🔹 1️⃣ What is WPS (Welding Procedure Specification)?

🔹 1️⃣ 什么是WPS（焊接工艺规程）？

A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is a written document that provides detailed instructions on how a weld should be made.

焊接工艺规程（WPS）是一份书面文件，提供关于如何实施焊接的详细指导。

It tells the welder exactly which welding parameters and techniques to follow to produce an acceptable weld.

它明确告诉焊工应按哪些焊接参数和技术进行操作，以生产出合格的焊缝。

A WPS Typically Includes:

一份WPS通常包括：

✅ Welding process (SMAW, GTAW, GMAW, FCAW, etc.)

✅ 焊接方法（SMAW、GTAW、GMAW、FCAW等）

✅ Base material specification

✅ 母材规格

✅ Filler metal/electrode type

✅ 填充金属/焊条类型

✅ Joint design and groove details

✅ 接头设计和坡口细节

✅ Welding position (1G, 2G, 3G, 6G, etc.)

✅ 焊接位置（1G、2G、3G、6G等）

✅ Preheat and interpass temperature

✅ 预热和层间温度

✅ Current, voltage, and travel speed

✅ 电流、电压和焊接速度

✅ Shielding gas (if applicable)

✅ 保护气体（如适用）

✅ Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT), if required

✅ 焊后热处理（PWHT），如需要

Purpose: Ensure every welder follows the same approved procedure for consistent weld quality.

目的：确保每位焊工遵循相同的批准规程，以获得一致的焊缝质量。

🔹 2️⃣ What is PQR (Procedure Qualification Record)?

🔹 2️⃣ 什么是PQR（工艺评定记录）？

A Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is the document that proves a WPS works.

工艺评定记录（PQR）是证明WPS有效的文件。

It records the actual welding parameters used during a qualification test and the results of mechanical and non-destructive tests performed on the welded sample.

它记录评定试验期间使用的实际焊接参数，以及对焊接试件进行的力学性能和无损检测结果。

A PQR Includes:

一份PQR包括：

✅ Actual welding parameters used

✅ 所使用的实际焊接参数

✅ Base and filler material details

✅ 母材和填充材料细节

✅ Test coupon dimensions

✅ 试件尺寸

✅ Tensile test results

✅ 拉伸试验结果

✅ Bend test results

✅ 弯曲试验结果

✅ Impact test results (when required)

✅ 冲击试验结果（如需要）

✅ Hardness test (if applicable)

✅ 硬度试验（如适用）

✅ NDT results (RT, UT, PT, MT)

✅ 无损检测结果（RT、UT、PT、MT）

Purpose: Validate that the proposed welding procedure can produce a weld that meets the required quality and strength.

目的：验证拟定的焊接工艺能够生产出满足所需质量和强度的焊缝。

🔹 3️⃣ What is WQR (Welder Qualification Record)?

🔹 3️⃣ 什么是WQR（焊工资格记录）？

A Welder Qualification Record (WQR)—also known in some standards as a Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)—is a record showing that a specific welder has successfully demonstrated the ability to produce acceptable welds using an approved procedure.

焊工资格记录（WQR）——在某些标准中也称为焊工技能评定（WPQ）——是一份记录，表明特定焊工已成功证明其能够使用经批准的工艺生产出合格的焊缝。

A WQR Includes:

一份WQR包括：

✅ Welder’s name and ID

✅ 焊工姓名和工号

✅ Welding process used

✅ 所使用的焊接方法

✅ Material type and thickness

✅ 材料类型和厚度

✅ Welding position qualified

✅ 评定的焊接位置

✅ Test results

✅ 试验结果

✅ Qualification range and validity

✅ 评定范围和有效期

Purpose: Confirm that the welder is competent to perform welding within the qualified limits.

目的：确认焊工有能力在其评定范围内进行焊接操作。

🔄 How WPS, PQR & WQR Work Together

🔄 WPS、PQR与WQR如何协同工作

1️⃣ PQR → Qualifies the welding procedure through testing.

1️⃣ PQR → 通过试验评定焊接工艺。

2️⃣ WPS → Provides the approved instructions for production welding.

2️⃣ WPS → 为生产焊接提供经批准的指导文件。

3️⃣ WQR → Qualifies the welder to follow the approved WPS.

3️⃣ WQR → 评定焊工按照经批准的WPS进行焊接的资格。