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新人教版高中英语必修第一册(必修一)Unit 5 Reading and Thinking课件录音课文翻译课本翻译教参材料翻译
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Unit 5
Reading and Thinking
阅读与思考
Explore the Chinese writing system
探究汉字书写体系
1 Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.
1 看下面的标题和图片，预测这篇文章将会是关于什么内容的。
Suggested Answer
参考答案
The text may be about the Chinese writing system and its history from ancient times to the present day.
这篇文章可能是关于汉字书写体系以及它从古至今的历史。
2 Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph.
2 快速阅读文章，找出每一段的主旨大意。
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
中国因其古老的文明而闻名于世，尽管历史历经诸多沉浮，这一文明一直延续到现代。
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
这一现象的出现有多方面原因，但主要因素之一就是汉字书写体系。
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture‑based language.
起初，书面汉语是一种图画文字。
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用——古代中国人在动物的甲骨、龟壳上面刻下符号。
Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
部分古老的符号在如今的汉字中依然可以见到。
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600‑1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well‑developed writing system.
到商朝（约公元前1600‑1046年），这些符号已经形成一套成熟的书写体系。
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
岁月流转，由于地域分隔，这套体系演变出不同形式，产生了各式各样的方言与文字。
This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221‑207 BCE).
然而，秦朝秦始皇（公元前221‑207年）时期，这一局面发生改变。
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇将七大诸侯国统一为一个国家，汉字书写体系由此朝着同一个方向发展。
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这套书写体系对于凝聚中华民族与中华文化有着重大意义。
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
时至今日，无论中国人身处何方、说何种方言，都依然可以通过文字交流。
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也成为连接中国当下与过往的重要纽带。
People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
现代人能够阅读古人撰写的经典著作。
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
人们对汉字书写体系的高度重视，体现在汉字发展成为一门叫作中国书法的艺术形式，书法已然成为中华文化的重要组成部分。
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.
如今，汉字书写体系依旧是中华文化的重要组成部分。
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在国际事务中发挥更大作用，越来越多的外国留学生开始通过这门奇妙的语言领略中国的文化与历史。
Suggested Answers
参考答案
Paragraph 1: The Chinese writing system is one of the reasons why Chinese civilisation has survived into modern times.
第1段：汉字书写体系是中华文明能够延续至现代的原因之一。
Paragraph 2: Written Chinese was a picture‑based language at the beginning.
第2段：书面汉语最初是一种图画文字。
Paragraph 3: The writing system became well‑developed, and later developed into different forms.
第3段：这套书写体系发展成熟，后来演变为多种不同形态。
Paragraph 4: The writing system began to develop in one direction.
第4段：书写体系开始朝着同一个方向发展。
Paragraph 5: Written Chinese connects China’s present with its past, and has become an art form.
第5段：书面汉语连接中国的现在与过去，并成为了一种艺术形式。
Paragraph 6: The Chinese language is helping to spread China’s culture and history to the world.
第6段：汉语正助力向世界传播中国的文化与历史。
3 Scan the text to find the words and phrases that describe a time. Then write down what happened at each of those important times.
3 扫读文章，找出描述时间的单词和短语，然后写下在这些重要时间所发生的事情。
Scan
扫读
Scanning is looking at the text quickly to find specific information, such as dates or numbers.
扫读就是快速浏览文章，查找特定信息，例如日期或者数字。
Suggested Answers
参考答案
modern times
现代
The Chinese civilisation still continues.
中华文明仍在延续。
at the beginning
起初
Written Chinese was a picture‑based language.
书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
dates back several thousand years
追溯到几千年前
Longgu appeared.
龙骨出现了。
by the Shang Dynasty (around 1600‑1046 BCE)
到商朝（约公元前1600‑1046年）
Symbols carved on longgu had become a well‑developed writing system.
刻在龙骨上的符号已经成为一套成熟的书写体系。
over the years
多年以来
The writing system developed into different forms, as the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
书写体系发展出不同的形式，由于中国人地域上相互分隔，产生了多种多样的方言和文字。
the Qin Dynasty (221‑207 BCE)
秦朝（公元前221‑207年）
The Chinese writing system began to develop in one unified direction.
汉字书写体系开始朝着统一的方向发展。
even today
即使在今天
Chinese people can all still communicate in writing.
中国人依旧都可以通过文字进行交流。
in modern times
在现代
Chinese people can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
现代人可以阅读古代中国人写下的经典著作。
today
如今
The Chinese characters are still a vital part of Chinese culture.
汉字依旧是中华文化极其重要的一部分。
4 Read the text again and discuss the questions.
4 再次阅读课文，讨论下列问题。
1 How did written Chinese unify Chinese people divided by geography and dialects?
1 书面汉语是如何将因地域和方言而分隔的中国人凝聚在一起的？
Suggested Answer
It allowed Chinese people, no matter where they lived or what dialect they had, to communicate with each other.
它让中国人，无论居住在哪里、说何种方言，都能够相互交流。
原文依据
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即便到了今天，无论中国人身居何地、讲何种方言，依然可以通过文字进行交流。
2 How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past?
2 书面汉语是如何把当代中国人和古代中国人联系起来的？
Suggested Answer
Chinese people today can read and understand classic works from ancient times.
如今的中国人可以阅读并理解古代的经典著作。
原文依据
People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
现代人可以阅读古人写下的经典著作。
3 According to the writer, the Chinese writing system is one factor that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive. What do you think are some of the other factors?
3 根据作者的观点，汉字书写体系是汉语和中华文化得以传承延续的因素之一。你认为还有哪些其他因素？
Suggested Answer
Apart from the writing system of Chinese language, the continuous development of China’s agriculture, a relatively powerful government, distinguished philosophical schools developed, and an open mind to embrace different cultures are all possible and important factors.
除汉语书写体系之外，中国农业的持续发展、相对强大的政府、卓越的哲学思想流派，以及包容接纳不同文化的开放心态，都是可能且重要的因素。
Besides, education is always emphasised in China’s family traditions.
此外，中国的家庭传统一向重视教育。
(When talking about the writing system, the pinyin system also helped the language thrive in the modern world as it became possible to use Chinese characters on computers and phones, and also helped make it easier for speakers of other languages to learn Chinese.)
（谈及书写体系，拼音系统也助力这门语言在现代世界蓬勃发展，它使得汉字可以在电脑和手机上使用，也让其他语言的使用者学习汉语变得更加容易。）
原文依据
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
中国因其古老的文明而闻名于世，尽管历史历经诸多沉浮，这一文明一直延续到现代。这一现象的出现有多方面原因，但主要因素之一就是汉字书写体系。
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
秦始皇将七大诸侯国统一为一个国家，汉字书写体系由此朝着同一个方向发展。这套书写体系对于凝聚中华民族与中华文化有着重大意义。
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
书面汉语也成为连接中国当下与过往的重要纽带。现代人能够阅读古人撰写的经典著作。
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
如今，汉字书写体系依旧是中华文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在国际事务中发挥更大作用，越来越多的外国留学生开始通过这门奇妙的语言领略中国的文化与历史。
5 Complete the passage with the correct words and phrase below.
5 用下面正确的单词和短语完成短文。
system
体系
carving
雕刻
means
方式；手段
dates back
追溯到
classic
经典的
civilisation
文明
Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China's civilisation.
中国书法伴随着中国的文明一同发展。
It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy started.
很难说书法确切起源于何时。
Chinese writing was first done by carving symbols onto bones and shells,
中国文字最初是通过在甲骨上雕刻符号来记录的，
but as it developed into a writing system, it also developed as a form of art done with a brush.
但当它发展成为一套书写体系时，它也演变成一种用毛笔创作的艺术形式。
It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE‑220 CE).
人们认为中国书法至少可以追溯到汉朝（公元前202年‑公元220年）。
Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of the "man behind the brush".
在那之后不久，形成了这样一种观点：书法不仅是优美的艺术形式，也是展现“笔墨背后之人”品性的一种方式。
Today, anyone from small children to old people can enjoy practising the classic art of Chinese calligraphy.
如今，从小孩子到老年人，人人都可以享受练习这门经典的中国书法艺术。
Answers
答案
civilisation；文明
carving；雕刻
system；体系
dates back；追溯到
means；方式；手段
classic；经典的
6 Guess the meaning of the underlined words in the sentences. Then look in the text for the words they are related to.
6 猜测句中画线单词的意思。然后在课文中找出和它们相关的单词。
1 Many Chinese characters symbolise their meanings, unlike English words which are spelt out according to how they sound.
许多汉字象征着自身的含义，而英语单词却是按照发音拼写出来的。
symbolise
v. 象征；代表
Suggested Answer: symbol
参考答案：symbol
symbol
n. 符号；象征
2 The basic forms of the English writing system are known as letters.
英语书写体系的基本形式被称为字母。
basic
adj. 基本的；基础的
Suggested Answer: based
参考答案：based
based
adj. 以……为基础的
3 A unified writing system is considered to be an important part of civilised society.
一套统一的书写体系被看作文明社会的重要组成部分。
civilised
adj. 文明的
Suggested Answer: civilisation
参考答案：civilisation
civilisation
n. 文明
4 Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.
学习中国书法会提升你对中国文化的鉴赏力。
appreciation
n. 欣赏；鉴赏
Suggested Answer: appreciate
参考答案：appreciate
appreciate
v. 欣赏；重视