2026-2027学年北京丰台二中高三开学考英语阅读理解C篇长难句分析

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【生词】

1、psychoanalyst n. 精神分析学家（psycho- 心理 + analyst 分析师）

2、separation n. 分离、分开、离别（separate v. 分离）

3、sensitive adj. 敏感的、灵敏的

4、attachment n. 依恋、依附；附件（心理学上特指"依恋"）

5、period n. 时期、阶段

6、scar v. 给……留下创伤、使留下疤痕；n. 伤疤、创伤

7、personality n. 人格、个性（person 人 + -ality）

8、psychological adj. 心理的、心理学的

9、in later life（短语）在日后的人生中

【解析】

① 主句主语是 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby 这个名词短语。其中The是限定词，British是形容词作定语, psychoanalyst是核心名词，John Bowlby是同位语（解释说明这位精神分析学家是谁）。believes是主句谓语。

② that separation…may scar…and lead to…是 that 引导的宾语从句，作believes的宾语。

③ 宾语从句的主语是 separation from parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three，核心名词是separation；from parents是介词短语作后置定语修饰separation，表示：与父母分离；parents做介词from的宾语；during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three同样作后置定语修饰separation，其中during是介词，其宾语 the sensitive "attachment" period中的the是限定词, sensitive是形容词定语，"attachment"是名词作定语，period是核心名词，而from birth to three又是介词短语作后置定语修饰period，表示：从出生到3岁时。

④ 宾语从句的谓语由两个并列动词构成，用连词 and连接：may scar是第一个谓语动词，后接宾语 a child's personality，a是限定词，child's是名词所有格作定语, personality是核心名词；and (may) lead to是第二个谓语动词，后接 psychological problems in later life，to是介词，psychological是形容词定语，problems是核心名词, in later life是介词短语作后置定语修饰problems；宾语从句意为：从出生到三岁的敏感“依恋”期内与父母分离，可能会给孩子的人格留下创伤，并导致日后出现心理问题；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and lead to psychological problems in later life.

├─── [主语：名词短语] The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby

│   ├─── [限定词] The

│   ├─── [定语：形容词] British

│   ├─── [核心名词] psychoanalyst

│   └─── [同位语：人名] John Bowlby

├─── [谓语] believes

└─── [宾语：宾语从句] that separation … may scar … and lead to …

    ├─── [连词] that

    ├─── [主语：名词短语] separation from parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three

    │   ├─── [核心名词] separation

    │   ├─── [后置定语：介词短语] from parents

    │   │   ├─── [介词] from

    │   │   └─── [宾语] parents

    │   └─── [后置定语：介词短语] during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three

    │       ├─── [介词] during

    │       └─── [宾语：名词短语] the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three

    │           ├─── [限定词] the

    │           ├─── [定语：形容词] sensitive

    │           ├─── [定语：名词] "attachment"

    │           ├─── [核心名词] period

    │           └─── [后置定语：介词短语] from birth to three

    │               ├─── [介词] from

    │               ├─── [宾语] birth

    │               ├─── [介词] to

    │               └─── [宾语：数词] three

    ├─── [谓语1] may scar

    │   ├─── [情态动词] may

    │   ├─── [动词原形] scar

    │   └─── [宾语：名词短语] a child's personality

    │       ├─── [限定词] a

    │       ├─── [定语：名词所有格] child's

    │       └─── [核心名词] personality

    ├─── [连词] and

    └─── [谓语2] may lead (第二个 may 承前省略)

        ├─── [情态动词] may

        ├─── [动词原形] lead

        └─── [结果状语：介词短语] to psychological problems in later life

            ├─── [介词] to

            └─── [宾语：名词短语] psychological problems in later life

                ├─── [定语：形容词] psychological

                ├─── [核心名词] problems

                └─── [后置定语：介词短语] in later life

                    ├─── [介词] in

                    └─── [宾语：名词短语] later life

                        ├─── [定语：形容词] later

                        └─── [核心名词] life

【句意】

英国精神分析学家John Bowlby比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段敏感的"依恋"期内与父母分离，可能会给其人格留下创伤，并在日后的人生中引发心理问题；

Parents’ influence on their children’s well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child’s brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.

【生词】

1、influence n. 影响、影响力；v. 影响

2、well-being n. 幸福、安康、福祉（well + being）

3、rapidly adv. 迅速地、快速地

4、shape v. 塑造、形成；n. 形状

5、environment n. 环境

6、nearly adv. 几乎、将近

【解析】

① 主句主干是Parents' influence … may never be greater than during the earliest years of life，主语是Parents' influence on their children's well-being，核心名词为influence，Parents' 是名词所有格作定语，on their children's well-being是介词短语作后置定语修饰influence， on是介词，their children's well-being做介词on的宾语，their是物主限定词，children's是名词所有格作定语，well-being是核心名词；表示：父母对子女幸福福祉的影响；may never be是系动词，greater是形容词比较级作表语，than during the earliest years of life是比较状语，than是连词，during是介词，the earliest years of life做介词during的宾语，the是限定词，earliest是形容词最高级作定语，years核心名词，of life是介词短语作后置定语修饰years，表示：生命最初的几年；句子意思是：父母对子女幸福福祉的影响，可能永远不会比在生命最初的那几年更大；

注意考点：never … greater than …是：否定词+比较级的结构，实际表达的是最高级含义，即：父母对子女的影响力在生命最初的几年达到最大；

② when a child's brain is developing rapidly是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the earliest years of life；when是关系副词作时间状语；a child's brain是主语，a是限定词，child's是名词所有格，brain是核心名词；is developing 是谓语动词；rapidly是副词作状语修饰谓语动词，表示：在那几年里，孩子的大脑正迅速发育；

③ and连接第二个并列的非限制性定语从句when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment；when是关系副词，nearly all of her or his experiences是主语，nearly是副词修饰all，all是代词作核心，of her or his experiences是介词短语作后置定语修饰all，of是介词，her or his experiences是宾语，her or his是物主代词，experiences是核心名词，表示：孩子几乎所有的经历；are shaped是谓语，by parents and the family environment 是介词短语作状语表施动者，by是介词，parents and the family environment是宾语，parents是核心名词，and连词，the family environment是名词短语，the是限定词，family是名词作定语，environment是核心名词，句子意思是：而且孩子几乎所有的经历都是由父母和家庭环境所塑造的；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] Parents' influence on their children's well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.

├─── [主语：名词短语] Parents' influence on their children's well-being

│   ├─── [定语：名词所有格] Parents'

│   ├─── [核心名词] influence

│   └─── [后置定语：介词短语] on their children's well-being

│       ├─── [介词] on

│       └─── [宾语：名词短语] their children's well-being

│           ├─── [物主限定词] their

│           ├─── [定语：名词所有格] children's

│           └─── [核心名词] well-being

├─── [谓语] may never be greater

│   ├─── [情态动词] may

│   ├─── [否定副词] never

│   ├─── [系动词] be

│   └─── [表语：形容词比较级] greater

├─── [比较状语] than during the earliest years of life

│   ├─── [连词] than

│   └─── [介词短语] during the earliest years of life

│       ├─── [介词] during

│       └─── [宾语：名词短语] the earliest years of life

│           ├─── [限定词] the

│           ├─── [定语：形容词最高级] earliest

│           ├─── [核心名词] years

│           └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of life

│               ├─── [介词] of

│               └─── [宾语] life

├─── [非限制性定语从句①] when a child's brain is developing rapidly

│   ├─── [关系副词：时间状语] when

│   ├─── [主语：名词短语] a child's brain

│   │   ├─── [限定词] a

│   │   ├─── [定语：名词所有格] child's

│   │   └─── [核心名词] brain

│   ├─── [谓语：现在进行时] is developing

│   │   ├─── [助动词] is

│   │   └─── [现在分词] developing

│   └─── [状语：副词] rapidly

├─── [连词] and

└─── [非限制性定语从句②] when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment

    ├─── [关系副词：时间状语] when

    ├─── [主语：名词短语] nearly all of her or his experiences

    │   ├─── [状语：副词] nearly

    │   ├─── [核心：代词] all

    │   └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of her or his experiences

    │       ├─── [介词] of

    │       └─── [宾语：名词短语] her or his experiences

    │           ├─── [物主限定词] her

    │           ├─── [连词] or

    │           ├─── [物主限定词] his

    │           └─── [核心名词] experiences

    ├─── [谓语：被动] are shaped

    │   ├─── [助动词] are

    │   └─── [过去分词] shaped

    └─── [状语：介词短语，表施动者] by parents and the family environment

        ├─── [介词] by

        └─── [宾语：名词短语] parents and the family environment

            ├─── [核心名词] parents

            ├─── [连词] and

            └─── [名词短语] the family environment

                ├─── [限定词] the

                ├─── [定语：名词] family

                └─── [核心名词] environment

【句意】

父母对子女幸福福祉的影响，可能永远不会比在生命最初的那几年更大——在那几年里，孩子的大脑正迅速发育，而且孩子几乎所有的经历都是由父母和家庭环境所塑造的；