独家原创:高中英语“文体写作(素材与运用)”系列12. 议论文写作2(社会现象类)

作者简介：深耕一线英语教学近40载；中考、高考命题研究专家；发表文章2000余篇；主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含：写作概述+ 核心词汇（分类别）+ 提分词块（分类别）+ 经典佳句（分类别）+ 优美语段（分类别）+ 素材运用（分类别）

◆写作概述

英文社会现象类议论文是对某一社会现象表达观点并进行论证的文体，旨在清晰、有逻辑地探讨社会热点话题并说服读者。其结构通常包含三个主要部分。

开头部分，即引言段，需通过引人入胜的方式引出主题社会现象，如以一个惊人的数据、一句名人名言或一个简短的故事开启。例如，在探讨社交媒体对青少年影响时，可引用相关调查显示的青少年使用社交媒体时长数据，然后提出明确的论点，表明自己对该现象持正面、负面还是中立态度，如“社交媒体对青少年的心理健康有着不可忽视的负面影响”。

中间部分为主体段，一般由两到三段组成。每段需有一个明确的分论点来支撑总论点。比如在阐述社交媒体对青少年心理健康的负面影响时，一段可论述网络霸凌现象的普遍性及其对青少年心理造成的创伤，列举具体事例，如某些青少年因遭受网络暴力而患上抑郁症；另一段可阐述社交媒体带来的虚假社交感，使青少年在现实生活中社交能力退化，对比线上线下社交的差异来强化观点。段落中要运用恰当的过渡词，如“firstly，secondly，moreover” 等，使文章逻辑连贯。同时，可引用专家研究成果、权威数据等增强论证的可信度，如“According to a research by psychologists, prolonged exposure to social media negative comments can lead to a significant increase in anxiety levels among teenagers.”

结尾部分，要总结全文的主要观点，再次强调自己对该社会现象的立场。但不能简单重复引言段内容，需换一种表达方式。例如，“In conclusion, the harmful impacts of social media on teenagers' mental health are evident, and it is urgent for parents, schools and society to take measures to mitigate these negative effects.” 还可适当提出建议或展望未来趋势，如呼吁学校开展网络安全教育课程，或预测若不加以重视该现象可能引发的更严重后果等，使文章更具深度和完整性。

◆核心词汇

一、描述现象类

1. phenomenon（n. 现象）

2. trend（n. 趋势）

3. occurrence（n. 发生；出现）

4. situation（n. 情况；形势）

5. circumstance（n. 环境；情况）

6. prevalence（n. 流行；普遍）

7. emergence（n. 出现；兴起）

二、表达观点类

1. opinion（n. 意见；观点）

2. view（n. 看法；观点）

3. perspective（n. 观点；视角）

4. standpoint（n. 立场；观点）

5. claim（n. 声称；主张；v. 宣称；要求）

6. argue（v. 争论；主张）

7. believe（v. 相信；认为）

8. think（v. 思考；认为）

9. consider（v. 考虑；认为）

10. hold（v. 持有；认为）

三、阐述原因类

1. reason（n. 原因；理由）

2. cause（n. 原因；事业；v. 导致）

3. factor（n. 因素；要素）

4. lead to（导致）

5. result in（导致）

6. contribute to（促成；有助于）

7. due to（由于）

8. because of（因为）

9. owing to（由于）

四、表示影响类

1. impact（n. 影响；冲击力；v. 冲击；产生影响）

2. influence（n. 影响；势力；v. 影响）

3. effect（n. 影响；效果；v. 实现；产生）

4. affect（v. 影响；感动）

5. consequence（n. 结果；后果）

6. positive（adj. 积极的）

7. negative（adj. 消极的）

五、提出措施类

1. measure（n. 措施；测量；v. 测量；估量）

2. solution（n. 解决方案）

3. approach（n. 方法；途径；v. 接近）

4. deal with（处理）

5. cope with（应对）

6. solve（v. 解决）

7. address（v. 处理；演讲）

8. handle（v. 处理；操作）

六、连接词与过渡词类

1. firstly（adv. 首先）

2. secondly（adv. 其次）

3. thirdly（adv. 第三）

4. moreover（adv. 此外；而且）

5. furthermore（adv. 此外；而且）

6. however（adv. 然而；可是）

7. nevertheless（adv. 然而；不过）

8. in addition（另外）

9. additionally（adv. 此外）

10. on the one hand（一方面）

11. on the other hand（另一方面）

◆提分词块

一、引出话题

1. in recent years（近年来）

2. nowadays（如今）

3. at present（目前）

4. it is widely acknowledged that...（人们普遍认为……）

5. there is a growing concern about...（人们越来越关注……）

二、表达观点

1. from my perspective（在我看来）

2. in my opinion/view（依我之见）

3. as far as I'm concerned（就我而言）

4. I firmly believe that...（我坚信……）

5. it seems to me that...（在我看来似乎……）

三、阐述原因

1. the main reason is that...（主要原因是……）

2. one of the factors contributing to... is...（导致……的因素之一是……）

3. due to the fact that...（由于……）

4. because of the increasing...（因为不断增加的……）

5. on account of...（由于……）

四、论述影响

1. have a positive/negative impact on...（对……有积极 / 消极影响）

2. bring about great changes to...（给……带来巨大变化）

3. lead to the improvement/deterioration of...（导致……的改善 / 恶化）

4. result in an increase/decrease in...（导致……的增加 / 减少）

5. affect... in many ways（在很多方面影响……）

五、列举事例

1. for example/instance（例如）

2. such as...（比如……）

3. take... as an example（以……为例）

4. a case in point is...（一个恰当的例子是……）

5. like...（像……）

六、对比与转折

1. in contrast（相比之下）

2. on the contrary（相反）

3. while...（然而……）

4. whereas...（然而……）

5. compared with...（与……相比）

七、总结归纳

1. in conclusion（总之）

2. to sum up（总而言之）

3. all in all（总的来说）

4. in a word（简言之）

5. generally speaking（一般来说）

八、提出建议

1. it is advisable to...（建议……）

2. we should take measures to...（我们应该采取措施……）

3. steps should be taken to...（应该采取步骤……）

4. make efforts to...（努力……）

5. try one's best to...（尽力……）

◆经典佳句

一、开篇引入

1. In recent times, an increasing number of people have begun to notice a significant social phenomenon that...（最近，越来越多的人开始注意到一个重要的社会现象……）2. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to witness the occurrence of... in our daily lives.（如今，在我们日常生活中目睹…… 的发生并不罕见。）3. With the rapid progress of modern society, a new trend has emerged, which is...（随着现代社会的快速进步，一种新趋势出现了，那就是……）二、表明观点

1. I am firmly convinced that this social phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects, yet on the whole, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.（我坚信这种社会现象有积极和消极两方面，但总体而言，利大于弊。）2. From my perspective, the current situation regarding... is rather concerning and demands immediate attention.（在我看来，关于…… 的现状相当令人担忧，需要立即引起关注。）3. In my opinion, although... may seem appealing at first glance, it actually brings about more problems than solutions.（在我看来，虽然…… 乍一看似乎很有吸引力，但实际上它带来的问题比解决的办法更多。）三、阐述原因

1. The primary reason why this phenomenon has arisen is that people's values and lifestyles have undergone profound changes in recent decades.（这种现象出现的主要原因是近几十年来人们的价值观和生活方式发生了深刻变化。）2. One of the key factors contributing to... is the lack of proper education and awareness among the general public.（导致…… 的关键因素之一是普通大众缺乏适当的教育和意识。）3. This can be attributed to the fact that modern technology has made it easier for people to access and be influenced by various information.（这可以归因于现代技术使人们更容易获取并受到各种信息的影响。）四、分析影响

1. The positive impact of... is that it has greatly enhanced the efficiency of communication and promoted cultural exchanges.（…… 的积极影响是它极大地提高了交流效率并促进了文化交流。）2. However, it also has some negative effects, such as causing environmental pollution and depleting natural resources.（然而，它也有一些负面影响，比如造成环境污染和自然资源的消耗。）3. This social trend may lead to a generation gap between the young and the old, as their attitudes and behaviors towards life differ significantly.（这种社会趋势可能会导致年轻人和老年人之间的代沟，因为他们对生活的态度和行为有很大差异。）五、举例论证

1. For instance, in many big cities, the increasing number of private cars has resulted in severe traffic congestion and air pollution.（例如，在许多大城市，私家车数量的增加导致了严重的交通拥堵和空气污染。）2. Take the popularity of online shopping as an example. It has not only changed people's shopping habits but also created a large number of job opportunities in the logistics industry.（以网购的流行作为例子。它不仅改变了人们的购物习惯，还在物流行业创造了大量的就业机会。）3. A good case in point is the phenomenon of shared bicycles. They have provided convenient transportation options for short trips but also faced issues like random parking and damage.（一个很好的例子就是共享单车现象。它们为短途出行提供了便利的交通选择，但也面临着乱停乱放和损坏等问题。）六、对比转折

1. While some people enjoy the convenience brought by modern technology, others are worried about its potential negative impacts on human relationships.（虽然有些人享受现代技术带来的便利，但其他人担心它对人际关系的潜在负面影响。）2. In contrast to the traditional way of learning, online education offers more flexibility and a wider range of resources, but it lacks the face-to-face interaction and hands-on experience.（与传统的学习方式相比，在线教育提供了更多的灵活性和更广泛的资源，但它缺乏面对面的互动和实践经验。）3. Although globalization has promoted economic development and cultural integration, it has also led to the loss of some local traditions and cultural identities.（尽管全球化促进了经济发展和文化融合，但它也导致了一些地方传统和文化身份的丧失。）七、总结观点

1. In conclusion, we should view this social phenomenon objectively and make full use of its advantages while taking measures to mitigate its negative impacts.（总之，我们应该客观地看待这种社会现象，充分利用其优势，同时采取措施减轻其负面影响。）2. To sum up, it is essential for the government, society and individuals to work together to address the problems caused by... and promote the healthy development of society.（总而言之，政府、社会和个人共同努力解决由…… 引起的问题并促进社会的健康发展是至关重要的。）3. All in all, by understanding and analyzing this social trend, we can better adapt to the changes of the times and create a more harmonious and sustainable future.（总的来说，通过理解和分析这种社会趋势，我们可以更好地适应时代的变化并创造一个更和谐、可持续的未来。）八、提出建议

1. The government should formulate relevant policies and regulations to guide and supervise the development of...（政府应该制定相关的政策法规来引导和监督…… 的发展。）2. Schools and families should play an active role in cultivating people's awareness of... and promoting good values and behaviors.（学校和家庭应该在培养人们的…… 意识和倡导良好的价值观与行为方面发挥积极作用。）3. As individuals, we should also enhance our self-discipline and take responsibility for our actions to contribute to a better social environment.（作为个人，我们也应该加强自律并为自己的行为负责，为创造一个更好的社会环境做出贡献。）

◆优美语段

一、社交媒体的影响

In recent years, social media has become extremely popular. It allows people to connect with friends and family easily and share their lives. However, it also has some drawbacks. Some people spend too much time on it, which may affect their real-life relationships and study or work. Moreover, false information can spread quickly. In my opinion, we should use social media wisely, controlling the time we spend on it and being careful about the information we believe and share.

近年来，社交媒体变得极其流行。它让人们能够轻松地与朋友和家人联系并分享生活。然而，它也有一些弊端。有些人在上面花费太多时间，这可能会影响他们现实生活中的人际关系以及学习或工作。此外，虚假信息能快速传播。在我看来，我们应该明智地使用社交媒体，控制使用时间，并谨慎对待我们相信和分享的信息。

二、青少年追星现象

Nowadays, many teenagers are crazy about chasing stars. They buy their idols' albums, attend concerts and follow their every move. On one hand, it can inspire teenagers to pursue their dreams as they see the hard work and success of their idols. On the other hand, some may go too far, spending excessive amounts of money and neglecting their own studies. In conclusion, while admiring stars is normal, teenagers should keep a balance and not let it overshadow their own growth and development.

如今，许多青少年疯狂追星。他们购买偶像的专辑，参加演唱会并关注偶像的一举一动。一方面，这能激励青少年追求梦想，因为他们看到了偶像的努力和成功。另一方面，有些人可能做得太过，花费过多金钱并忽视自己的学业。总之，虽然崇拜明星是正常的，但青少年应该保持平衡，不要让其掩盖自己的成长与发展。

三、环境保护意识

With the development of industry, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. People are gradually realizing the importance of environmental protection. We should reduce waste, save energy and use more renewable resources. For example, we can take public transportation instead of driving private cars. It is everyone's responsibility to protect the environment. Only by taking action together can we make our planet a better place to live.

随着工业的发展，环境问题越来越严重。人们逐渐意识到环境保护的重要性。我们应该减少浪费，节约能源并更多地使用可再生资源。例如，我们可以乘坐公共交通而不是开私家车。保护环境是每个人的责任。只有共同采取行动，我们才能让地球成为一个更宜居的地方。

四、在线教育的利弊

The popularity of online education has risen rapidly. It offers great convenience as students can study at any time and place. There are also a variety of courses available. However, it lacks face-to-face interaction between teachers and students, which may lead to misunderstandings. And some students may lack self-discipline and not study effectively. Overall, online education is a useful supplement, but traditional education still has its irreplaceable value.

在线教育的普及迅速上升。它提供了极大的便利，因为学生可以在任何时间和地点学习。也有各种各样的课程可供选择。然而，它缺乏师生之间面对面的互动，这可能导致误解。而且一些学生可能缺乏自律，不能有效地学习。总的来说，在线教育是一种有用的补充，但传统教育仍然有其不可替代的价值。

五、快时尚的问题

Fast fashion has become a trend in recent years. It brings consumers cheap and fashionable clothes quickly. But it has many negative impacts. The production of fast fashion consumes a large amount of resources and causes serious environmental pollution. Also, the working conditions in some fast fashion factories are often poor. We should encourage sustainable fashion, which focuses on quality and environmental protection rather than just cheap and fast.

近年来快时尚已成为一种趋势。它迅速为消费者带来廉价且时尚的服装。但它有许多负面影响。快时尚的生产消耗大量资源并造成严重的环境污染。而且一些快时尚工厂的工作条件往往很差。我们应该鼓励可持续时尚，其注重质量和环保而不仅仅是廉价和快速。

◆素材运用

经典考题1（关于智能手机依赖症）

如今，智能手机依赖症在青少年中愈发普遍。请就此现象写一篇80 词左右的英语短文，阐述其表现、影响，并提出你的建议。

【范文1】

Nowadays, smartphone addiction is common among teenagers. They are always glued to their phones, chatting, playing games or scrolling through social media. This affects their studies as they can't concentrate in class. It also harms their eyesight and reduces face-to-face communication. To solve this, parents should limit phone usage time. Schools can organize activities to encourage students to interact more. Only by taking these measures can teenagers break free from smartphone addiction.

亮点点评：

⑴用词精准，如“glued to” 形象地表达出青少年对手机的依赖。

⑵条理清晰，先阐述现象，接着说明影响，最后提出建议，逻辑连贯。

⑶句式多样，使用了“This affects...” 和 “To solve this...” 等不同句式，使文章富有变化。

【范文2】

In recent years, many teenagers suffer from smartphone addiction. They check their phones frequently, even during meals or late at night. The consequence is that their academic performance declines and they become isolated from the real world. I suggest teenagers should develop other hobbies like reading or sports. Also, they need to be aware of the importance of self-control. With determination and proper guidance, they can overcome this problem.

亮点点评：

⑴语言简洁明了，通俗易懂地描述了智能手机依赖症的表现和影响。

⑵“suffer from，check... frequently” 等短语运用恰当。

⑶结尾使用“With... they can...” 的句式，表达出解决问题的信心和途径，有一定的说服力。

经典考题2（关于网红现象）

网红在当今社会大量涌现。请写一篇80 词左右的短文，谈谈你对网红现象的看法，包括其兴起原因、积极与消极影响。

【范文1】

The phenomenon of Internet celebrities has emerged in large numbers. The main reason is the popularity of social media. Some Internet celebrities have positive impacts. They can promote cultural products or encourage positive values. However, some just seek fame and fortune by showing off or creating false images. This may mislead their followers. In my view, we should encourage Internet celebrities to be more responsible and use their influence in a proper way.

亮点点评：

⑴开篇直接引入话题，对网红现象兴起原因分析合理。

⑵运用“Some... However, some...” 的结构清晰对比网红的积极和消极影响。

⑶“emerge，seek fame and fortune” 等词汇的使用较为准确。

【范文2】

Nowadays, Internet celebrities are everywhere. Their rise is due to the wide spread of the Internet. On the plus side, they provide entertainment and new career opportunities. But on the downside, the overemphasis on appearance and material things among some Internet celebrities sets a bad example for the young. We need to have a correct understanding of this phenomenon and promote the healthy development of the Internet celebrity culture.

亮点点评：

⑴行文流畅，对网红现象的利弊分析全面。

⑵“On the plus side... But on the downside...” 的表达使文章层次分明。

⑶“overemphasis” 一词体现出对网红不良现象批判的准确性。

经典考题3（关于城市化进程中的问题）

随着城市化进程的加快，出现了诸如交通拥堵、住房紧张等问题。请就此写一篇80 词左右的短文，分析这些问题并提出解决办法。

【范文1】

With the acceleration of urbanization, many problems occur. Traffic jams are common as more and more cars are on the road. Housing shortages also trouble people. The high population density in cities makes it difficult to find suitable accommodation. To address these issues, the government should invest more in public transportation and build more affordable housing. At the same time, urban planning should be more scientific and reasonable.

亮点点评：

⑴紧扣主题，清晰地阐述了城市化进程中的交通和住房问题。

⑵“occur，address” 等词汇使用恰当，体现了对话题的准确把握。

⑶提出的解决办法具有针对性和可操作性，如政府投资交通和建设住房等。

【范文2】

Urbanization brings not only development but also problems. Heavy traffic and housing stress are two prominent ones. The former results from the increasing number of private vehicles and insufficient road capacity. The latter is caused by the large influx of people into cities. Solutions include promoting carpooling and developing satellite cities. This can relieve the pressure on the city center and improve the living environment.

亮点点评：

⑴对问题的分析深入，指出交通拥堵和住房紧张的具体成因。

⑵“prominent，result from，influx” 等高级词汇的运用提升了文章档次。

⑶提出的解决措施新颖，如发展卫星城等，展现出一定的思维深度。