初高中英语衔接第6讲:被动语态 & 宾语从句核心知识点汇总

一、被动语态（Passive Voice）

1. 基本结构

be + 过去分词（时态由 be 体现）

时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 例句

一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done The trees are watered every day.

一般过去时 did was/were done They were praised by the professor.

现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done Some questions are being discussed now.

过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done They were being questioned when I came in.

一般将来时 shall/will/be going to do shall/will/be going to be done A meeting will be held tomorrow.

过去将来时 would do would be done They said the problem would be solved soon.

现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done Ten trees have been cut down since last Sunday.

过去完成时 had done had been done He said that a plan had been made.

情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done Something must be done to protect the river.

2. 改写步骤

1. 原宾语 → 被动句主语

2. 动词 → be + 过去分词

3. 原主语 → by 的宾语

例： Some people attacked the towers. → The towers were attacked by some people.

3. 特殊结构

· 双宾语：My uncle gave me a gift. → I was given a gift. / A gift was given to me.

· 感官/使役动词：hear, see, watch, notice, feel, make 等，主动省 to，被动加 to。

· We often hear him play the guitar. → He is often heard to play the guitar.

· 短语动词：介词/副词不能丢。

· We should take care of the old people. → The old people should be taken care of.

4. 主动表被动

· read, write, sell, clean, wash 等 + 副词（well/easily）：

· The book sells well. / This cloth washes easily.

· want/need/require + doing = to be done：

· Your jacket needs washing. = Your jacket needs to be washed.

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二、宾语从句（Object Clause）

1. 三要素

引导词 + 语序 + 时态

2. 引导词

· that：陈述句，不缺成分（可省略，但动词后第二个从句、介词后不可省）

· if / whether：一般疑问句（“是否”）

· 只能用 whether：与 or not 连用、介词后、不定式前

· 特殊疑问词：what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why, how

3. 语序

一律用陈述句语序：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他

4. 时态

· 主句现在时/将来时 → 从句时态按需

· 主句过去时 → 从句用过去相关时态

· 客观真理、自然规律、名言警句 → 一律一般现在时

5. 特殊结构

· 虚拟语气：suggest, demand, require, insist, request, command + (should) + V原

· it 作形式宾语：

· I find it difficult to finish the homework.

· I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.

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三、易错点提醒

1. 被动语态别忘了 be 和 过去分词。

2. 感官动词被动要加 to。

3. 宾语从句 语序 一定是陈述句。

4. whether/if 区分：or not、介词后、不定式前只用 whether。

5. that 省略有讲究：动词后第二个从句、介词后不能省。

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四、练习精选（附答案）

被动语态填空：

1. This dictionary mustn’t be taken away from the library.

2. His car will be repaired tomorrow.

3. The window hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.

宾语从句填空：

1. He said that he wanted to stay at home.

2. I don’t know why the train is late.

3. I wonder whether/if he will come tomorrow.