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定语从句解析|从基础到考点难点

定语从句解析|从基础到考点难点

定语从句

SPRING STUDY PLAN

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定语从句 = 修饰名词/代词的句子

01

结构

先行词 + 关系词 + 从句

先行词:被修饰的词(人/物/时间/地点/原因)

关系词:连接主句+从句,在从句里必须做成分

从句:修饰先行词

02

关系词

关系代词

(在从句做:主语 / 宾语 / 定语)

who

先行词:人

成分:主语 / 宾语

The man who is speaking is my teacher.

whom

先行词:人

成分:只作宾语

The man whom you met is my teacher.

which

先行词:物

成分:主语 / 宾语

The book which is on the desk is mine.

that

先行词:人 / 物

成分:主语 / 宾语

最万能,但有很多不能用的情况

whose

先行词:人 / 物

意思:……的

成分:定语

This is the house whose roof is red.

关系副词

(在从句做:状语)

when

先行词:时间

= in/on/at which

I remember the day when we first met.

where

先行词:地点

= in/at/on which

This is the school where I studied.

why

先行词:reason

= for which

The reason why he was late is clear.

03

重要考点

that 和 which 必考区别

必须用 that 的情况

1. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, none 等不定代词

2. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰

3. 先行词被 序数词 / 最高级 修饰

4. 先行词 既有人又有物

5. 主句已有 who / which,避免重复

必须用 which 的情况

1. 非限制性定语从句(逗号后)

2. 介词 + 关系词 结构(介词提前)

This is the house in which I live.

只能用 who 不能用 that 的情况

先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those 指人时

Those who work hard will succeed.

as 引导定语从句

the same … as / such … as

I have the same book as you have.

as 引导非限制性,可放句首/中/尾

As we all know, the earth is round.

He is late, as is usual.

限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句

限制性(无逗号)

信息必不可少,去掉意思不完整

可用 that

The girl who is wearing red is my sister.

非限制性(有逗号)

补充说明,去掉不影响主句

绝对不能用 that

He has two sisters, who are teachers.

04

必背口诀

看人用 who/whom/that

看物用 which/that

谁的用 whose

时间 when

地点 where

原因 why

逗号后面不用 that

介词后面不用 that

先行词是不定代词/最高级/序数词 只用 that

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