「初中」英语时事阅读:于敏:纸带上揪出的故障、“雪龙2”号停靠三亚 师生登船感受大国重器、巴基斯坦航天员将参加神舟二十四号任务

今天是

2026年11月07日

初中版英语时事来啦

《于敏：纸带上揪出的故障》《“雪龙2”号停靠三亚 师生登船感受大国重器》《巴基斯坦航天员将参加神舟二十四号任务》

📖 青少年英语时事阅读  ·  🎧 配套听读练  ·  📝 核心词汇

趣英语

于敏：纸带上揪出的故障

Yu Min: Finding a Fault in Endless Paper Tapes

In the autumn of 1965, a fierce "hundred-day battle" for China's hydrogen bomb theory began in Shanghai. Physicist Yu Min led his team, working day and night beside the J501, one of China's earliest large computers.

At that time, computers had no screens. All the results were printed on endless paper tapes. After one key calculation, Yu Min noticed something strange: the trend of an important value went against the rules of physics. The team checked the formulas and programs many times, but found nothing wrong. Yu Min made a boldjudgment — the problem was not in the model, but in the machine itself.

Technicians examined the machine part by part and finally found the cause: a transistor in the adder was broken. After it was replaced, the data returned to normal at once. Under Yu Min's leadership, the team created China's own hydrogen bomb design, the famous "Yu Min configuration".

参考译文

1965年秋，我国氢弹理论攻关的“百日会战”在上海打响。物理学家于敏带领团队日夜奋战在J501——中国最早的大型计算机之一——旁边。

那时候，计算机没有屏幕，所有结果都打印在连绵不断的纸带上。一次关键运算结束后，于敏注意到一个奇怪的现象：一个重要数值的变化趋势违背了物理规律。团队反复检查公式和程序，却没有发现问题。于敏作出大胆判断——问题不在模型，而在机器本身。

技术人员逐项排查机器，最终找到原因：加法器里的一个晶体管坏了。更换之后，数据立刻恢复正常。在于敏带领下，团队创造了中国自己的氢弹理论方案，即著名的“于敏构型”。

physicist n. /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/物理学家

例：The physicist studied the strange data. 这位物理学家研究了那些奇怪的数据。

hydrogen n. /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/氢

例：The hydrogen bomb project was top secret. 氢弹项目当时是最高机密。

calculation n. /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/计算

例：The calculation took several days. 这次计算花了好几天。

transistor n. /trænˈzɪstə(r)/晶体管

例：A broken transistor caused the trouble. 一个坏掉的晶体管造成了故障。

adder n. /ˈædə(r)/加法器

例：The adder is a key part of the computer. 加法器是计算机的关键部件。

bold adj. /bəʊld/大胆的

例：He made a bold judgment about the machine. 他对机器作出了大胆的判断。

judgment n. /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/判断

例：His judgment proved to be right. 他的判断被证明是正确的。

“雪龙2”号停靠三亚 师生登船感受大国重器

China's Icebreaker Xuelong 2 Welcomes Visitors in Sanya

On November 5, Xuelong 2, China's first home-built polar research icebreaker, docked at Nanshan Port in Sanya, Hainan, and held a public open day. Students from local schools came aboard to see the bridge, the science labs and the helicopter deck.

The 122.5-meter ship weighs almost 14,000 tons. It is the world's first polar research vessel that can break ice with both its bow and stern. Deputy Captain Zhu Pengtao said breaking ice needs skill, not force. When meeting a thick ice ridge, the ship turns around and lets the stern go first, using a propeller that spins 360 degrees to grind the ice from below.

During China's 40th Antarctic expedition, Xuelong 2 led another ship through more than 1,000 nautical miles of ice and opened a channel over 30 meters wide to deliver supplies to Qinling Station. "I can really feel how strong our country has become," one student said after the visit.

参考译文

11月5日，我国第一艘自主建造的极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号停靠在海南三亚南山港，并举办公众开放日。当地学校的学生们登船参观了驾驶台、科学实验室和直升机甲板。

这艘船总长122.5米，排水量近1.4万吨，是全球首艘能船艏、船艉双向破冰的极地科考船。大副祝鹏涛说，破冰靠的是巧劲而不是蛮力。遇到厚冰脊时，船会调头让船尾先行，用可360度旋转的螺旋桨从下方把冰掏碎。

在第40次南极考察中，“雪龙2”号带领另一艘船穿越了1000多海里的冰区，开辟出一条30多米宽的航道，把物资送到秦岭站。“我真切感受到我们的国家变得多么强大，”一名学生参观后说。

icebreaker n. /ˈaɪsbreɪkə(r)/破冰船

例：The icebreaker sailed into the ice sea. 破冰船驶入冰海。

polar adj. /ˈpəʊlə(r)/极地的

例：Polar research is very important for science. 极地研究对科学非常重要。

vessel n. /ˈvesl/船；舰

例：The research vessel left the port at dawn. 科考船在黎明离开港口。

stern n. /stɜːn/船尾

例：The stern of the ship can also break ice. 这艘船的船尾也能破冰。

propeller n. /prəˈpelə(r)/螺旋桨

例：The propeller spins very fast in the water. 螺旋桨在水中旋转得非常快。

expedition n. /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/考察；探险

例：The expedition lasted for several months. 这次考察持续了好几个月。

巴基斯坦航天员将参加神舟二十四号任务

Pakistani Astronaut to Join China's Shenzhou-24 Mission

On November 7, China's manned space program office announced that an astronaut from Pakistan will join the Shenzhou-24 mission as a payload specialist. After a short stay in orbit, the astronaut will return to Earth with the Shenzhou-23 spacecraft. This is the first joint flight of Chinese and foreign astronauts in China's manned space program.

China and Pakistan signed a cooperation agreement in February 2025 to select and train Pakistani astronauts for space station missions. After three stages of strict selection, two Pakistani reserve astronauts were chosen. They completed their training in China, and one of them will carry out the mission while the other serves as a backup.

The mission's logo was released the same day. It shows the spaceship docking with the space station against the background of the Earth, with a dragon pattern from ancient China in its design. The visit of the Pakistani astronaut marks a new step in international cooperation.

参考译文

11月7日，中国载人航天工程办公室宣布，一名来自巴基斯坦的航天员将以载荷专家身份参加神舟二十四号任务。在轨短期飞行结束后，这位航天员将随神舟二十三号飞船返回地球。这是中国载人航天工程历史上首次中外航天员联合飞行。

2025年2月，中国和巴基斯坦签署合作协议，为空间站任务选拔并训练巴基斯坦航天员。经过三个阶段的严格选拔，两名巴基斯坦预备航天员入选。他们在中国完成了各项训练，其中一人将执行任务，另一人作为备份。

任务标识于同日发布。标识以地球为背景，呈现飞船与空间站交会对接的场景，设计中融入了中国古代的龙纹图案。巴基斯坦航天员的到访，标志着国际合作迈出新的一步。

astronaut n. /ˈæstrənɔːt/航天员

例：The astronaut completed all the training. 这位航天员完成了全部训练。

payload n. /ˈpeɪləʊd/有效载荷

例：She works on the space station as a payload specialist. 她作为载荷专家在空间站工作。

orbit n. /ˈɔːbɪt/轨道

例：The spaceship stays in orbit around the Earth. 飞船停留在环绕地球的轨道上。

mission n. /ˈmɪʃn/任务

例：The space mission lasted for six months. 这次太空任务持续了六个月。

cooperation n. /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/合作

例：The two countries signed a cooperation agreement. 两国签署了合作协议。

backup n. /ˈbækʌp/备份

例：He serves as a backup for the mission. 他为这次任务担任备份。

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