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Unit4 Natural Disasters
目标导航
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
6．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
7．helicopter n．直升机
8．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
9．brick n．砖；砖块
10．metal n．金属
11．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
12．revival n．振兴；复苏
13．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
14．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
15．typhoon n．台风
16．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
18．summary n．总结；概括；概要
重点单词——我会写
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失
6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
13．context n．上下文；语境；背景
14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
16．pipe n．管子；管道
17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
21．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
22．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
词汇拓展 1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的
→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked
adj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚
8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存
者；生还者
10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
重点词组 1．volcanic eruption火山喷发
2．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
3．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
4．in shock震惊；吃惊
5．in the open air露天；在户外
6．first aid kit急救箱
7．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
8．sweep away消灭；彻底消除重点句型 1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死
者。
3．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines
across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，
Malaysia，and at least four other countries.
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰
国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
5．However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and
supplies.
然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。
知识精讲
知识点01 rescue n．& vt．援救；营救
What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the floodhit area?救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？
come to/go to sb.’s rescue＝rescue sb． 援救某人
Rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
I got a rescue call from a woman in London.我接到了来自伦敦的一位女士的求救电话。
The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house.消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。
All the people nearby came/went to her rescue when hearing her cry for help.听到她的呼救声时，周围所有的人
都来营救她。
1. When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers ．
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
2. At midnight we finally (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley．
午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。
3. The firefighters _________ five children the burning house yesterday．
昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。
【答案】1. came to our rescue 2.rescued 3. rescued from知识点2. damage vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁？
(1) 对……造成损害
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
The damage is usually more serious on the first plant.对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。
The heavy rain has done/caused great damage to the crops.暴雨已对庄稼造成了严重的损害。
As we all know，getting too much fat will damage our health.众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。
1. This could to our environment．
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。
2. As we all know, smoking can ．(damage n．)
＝It is well known that smoking can ．(damage vt．)
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
【答案】1 cause serious damage 2.do/cause damage to our health damage our health
知识点3. affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
As far as I’m concerned, following others’ advice without thinking will affect our own decision．
在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。
(1)affect sb．/sth． 影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by 被深深打动
(2)effect n． 作用；影响
have an effect on= affect 对……产生影响
When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me seriously.50岁时，我的体重问题开始严重影响我（的健
康）。
He was deeply affected by my words.他被我的话深深地打动了。
1. The disease is beginning to ．
疾病开始侵袭他的视力。
2. As far as I’m concerned, staying up late every day is certain (affect) your health seriously．
就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。
3. (affect) by the moving story, he burst into tears．
受这个感人故事的影响，他哭了起来。
4. As we all know, smoking has a bad our health．
众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有不好的影响。
【答案】1. affect his eyesight 2.to affect 3.Affected 4. effect on
知识点4. come to an end 结束；终结
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！at the end of在……末端
by the end of到……末为止（用于完成时）
in the end最后；终于
My classmate waited for me at the end of the street.我的同学在这条街的尽头等我。
By the end of next month，they will have graduated from this famous university.到下个月月底为止，他们将已
经从这所著名的大学毕业了。
In the end we persuaded him to help us.最终，我们说服他帮我们的忙。
1. ________ the end, the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was at ________ end.
2. The meeting ____________________ at last. （结束）
【答案】1. In an 2. came to an end
知识点5. as if ＝ as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛到了世界末日！
It seemed (to sb．) that/as if．．．“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
He treats me as if I were his own daughter.他待我就像他的亲生女儿一样。
They talked as though they had been friends for years.他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。
1. It looks _____________ our team ___________________ win the game.
看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。
2. He talks to them as if they ．
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)
3. He talks about Rome as if he ．
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
4. He opened his mouth as if he something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
【答案】1. as if is going to 2. were children 3. had been there before 4.would say
知识点6. ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt．毁灭；使破产
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins．不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。
(1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会丢失ruin oneself 自我毁灭
Ever since the earthquake，this temple has been in ruins.自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废墟一片。
A large number of churches fell/came into ruin after the big flood.洪灾过后，大批的教堂被毁掉了。
The little mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.这个小错误毁掉了他得到这份工作的机会。
Heavy smoking may ruin yourself，so you should give it up as soon as possible.吸烟过量可能会毁掉你自己，因
此你应该尽快戒烟。
1. The ancient temple has been and needs repairing．
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
2. Drunkdriving not only ruined (he) but also killed several passersby．
醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。
3. Heavy smoking , so you should give up smoking．
吸烟过量损害健康，因此你应该戒烟。
【答案】1. in ruins 2. himself 3.ruins your health
知识点7.shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊
People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again．
人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
(1)be a shock to...使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj．震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth． 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj． 令人震惊的
His situation was a great shock to us all.他的处境使我们大为震惊。
I was shocked to hear the news that he had been fired.听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。
The ending of this play is very shocking.这出戏的结局真令人震惊。
1. The news , leading to great concern about students’ safety at school．
这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。
2. We are (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake．
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
3. The news of his sudden death is so ．(shock)
他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。
【答案】1. shocked the public 2. shocked 3.shocking that everyone is very much shocked at it
知识点8. trap vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury
the dead．地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。
(1)fall into a trap 落入圈套set a trap for 给……设圈套
(2)be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb．into (doing) sth． 诱使某人做某事
When the accident happened, they were trapped in the lift.当事故发生时，他们正被困在电梯中。
If you walk into the forest, you’re likely to fall/walk into a trap.如果你走入森林，你很可能陷入圈套。
The man trapped the little boy into entering the building.这个男人骗这个小男孩进入了这座楼。
1. There was a power failure, they the lift．
停电了，他们被困在电梯里。
2. By clever questioning they trapped him ．
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
【答案】1. were trapped in 2.into telling the truth
知识点9.bury vt．埋藏；掩埋；隐藏
Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work．自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工
作。
(1)bury．．．in．．． 把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面
(2) 埋头于；专心于，沉浸于
She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.她决定把这个秘密深藏心底。
Since his wife left, he has buried himself in his work.自从妻子离开之后，他一直都埋头于工作。
The girl was sitting there, burying her face in her hands.这个女孩坐在那里，双手捂着脸。
1. She and wept when she heard the bad news．
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
2. In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near．
在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。
3. (bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
＝ (bury) himself in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
＝Because he (bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
【答案】1. buried her face in her hands 2.ourselves 3.Buried Burying was buried
知识点10. shelter n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处(常与介词from搭配) v.保护；掩蔽；躲避；遮蔽
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者们盖起
了避难所。
(1) take shelter from躲避……
under the shelter of在……的庇护下
(2) shelter...from...保护……免受……The children took shelter from the rain at a bus stop that day.那天孩子们在一个公共汽车站里避雨。
His brother is under the shelter of him, who is a government official.他的弟弟受到了他这个政府官员的庇护。
Trees can shelter the field from the cold wind.大树可以保护田地不受冷风侵袭。
1. Some parents want to ___________________________ every kind of danger, real or imagined.
一些家长想要保护他们的孩子免受任何一种危险，真实的或想象出来的。
2. People _________________________ in the department store.
人们在百货商场避雨。
【答案】1. shelter their kids from 2. took shelter from the rain
知识点11.effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built
upon the earthquake ruins．在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。
spare no effort to do sth． 不遗余力做某事
make an effort to do sth． 努力做某事
Finding a cure requires a great deal of time and effort.找到一种治疗方法需要大量的时间和精力。
The local clubs are making an/every effort to interest more young people.当地俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多
的年轻人。
The government is determined to spare no effort in investigating this case thoroughly.政府决定不遗余力地彻底调
查这个案子。
1. I do believe that all your will pay off sooner or later．我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
2. As far as I’m concerned, you should make hard．
依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。
3. If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will (finish) the task．
如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。
【答案】1. efforts 2. a greater effort to study 3. spare no effort to finish
知识点12.suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮
助？
(1)suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻
(2)suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
(3)suffering n．苦难，痛苦
sufferer n．受难者
As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness．据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and suffering.他们开始从痛苦的梦魇中慢慢恢复过
来。1. The company as a result of the accident．由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。
2. Even if he a lot of difficulties，he never gave in．尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈
服。
3. Death finally brought an end to her (suffer)．死亡最终结束了她的痛苦(遭受)。
【答案】1. suffered a great loss 2. suffered from 3.suffering
知识点13.supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country．向灾区提供的物
资是从全国各地收集来的。
(1)school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品
in short supply 供应不足
(2)supply sth．to sb． 为某人提供某物
supply sb．with sth． 为某人提供某物
Food supplies the energy for movement.食物为运动提供能量。
There is a good supply of books in the store.这家店里有大量的书籍。
The Help Desk supplies service to you all the year round!服务台常年为您提供服务！
1. The has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes．
因工人们在修主要管道，水资源供应被切断。
2. The Internet us every day．
因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。
3. There is no need to worry．We can supply you _ whatever you need．
＝There is no need to worry．We can supply whatever you need _you．
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
4. In some poor countries of Africa, goods are really ________________.在一些非洲贫穷国家里，货物的确供应
不足。
【答案】1. water supply 2. supplies a lot of information to 3.with to 4. in short supply
知识点14. survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过
She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake．她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。
(1)A survive B (by)... A比B活得长……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
(2)survivor n． 幸存者
survival n． [U]幸存；[C]残存物
I don’t know how you all manage to survive on your small salary.我真不知道你们只靠微薄的薪金是怎样过活
的。
She was the only person to survive the accident.她是这次事故唯一的幸存者。
1. Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two ．在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
2. The traveler trapped in the lonely island the fish caught in the sea．
被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。
3. The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ten years．
那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世10年。
【答案】1.survived 2. survived on 3.by
知识点15.calm vt．& vi．(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj．平静的；镇静的；沉着的
I wonder if you can help me to calm the little boy down．不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。
(1)calm down 平静下来
calm sb．down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)keep calm 保持镇静
As soon as their parents came in，the twin sisters calmed down.她们的父母刚一进来，这对双胞胎姐妹就安静
了下来。
Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself down.不要用喝酒或吸毒的方式让自己镇静下来。
1. The excited football fans at last．
激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
2. ；there is no need to feel upset about it．
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
3. It is important to in face of danger．
在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。
【答案】1. calmed down 2. Calm yourself down 3.keep calm
知识点16. v．ing结构作结果状语
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia
yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other
countries．
在过去的四十年里，最强大的地震引发的一次海啸在昨日撞向亚洲的海岸线，使印尼、印度、泰国、马来
西亚以及至少其他四个国家的 6 500多人丧生。
killing more than 6，500 people．．．为v．ing结构作结果状语。
(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
What has happened is hard to explain，leaving us puzzled.所发生的这件事很难解释，让我们迷惑不解。
In severe cases，your body isn’t able to sweat，causing your body temperature to skyrocket.在严重的情况下，你
的身体无法出汗，引起体温急升。
1. I have learned you are trying to lose weight, to become more beautiful．
我得知你在努力减肥，希望变得更漂亮。2. Her parents died in the earthquake, (leave) her an orphan．
她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。
3. He hurried to the theatre, only (find) that the tickets had been sold out．
他赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完了。
【答案】1. hoping 2. leaving 3.to find
知识点17. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the
strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
达到九级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客，冲毁了旅馆、家园和汽车。
本句为复合句，句中that...of 9.0为定语从句，修饰earthquake；另外，waves后面的caused by...of 9.0为过
去分词短语做后置定语，表示被动含义，相当于“which/that were caused...”
【考点提炼】
过去分词做定语
(1)过去分词做定语常用来修饰名词或代词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。及物动词的过去分
词既表示被动又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。
(2)过去分词做定语分为前置和后置两种情况：
①前置定语：单个的过去分词做定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，但有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰
词语的后面，如left(剩余的)。
②后置定语：过去分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This is a used stamp.这是一张用过的邮票。(表示被动和完成)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(只表示完成)
There is little time left. Let’s hurry up.剩余时间不多了，我们快点吧。
Is this the book recommended by the teacher? ( = Is this the book which was. recommended by the teacher?) 这是
老师推荐的那本书吗?
1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time __________ (spend) with his students.
2. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelop __________ (provide).
【答案】1. spent 2. provided
知识点18. strike vi．& vt．(struck；struck/stricken)打；撞击；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟)
敲；侵袭 n．罢工
(1) be struck by....被……所侵袭；被……打动
某人突然想起
(2) be/go on strike 在罢工
The failure of their team struck sadness into his heart.他们队的失利让他很伤心。
It strikes me that there is no one in the office.我突然想起办公室里没有人。
Many people were struck by the film Wolf Warrior Ⅱ.很多人都被电影《战狼2》打动了。
写出下列句中strike的含义1. The clock struck twelve when I got home last night．
2. A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan on March 11．
3. A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper．
4. The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake．
5. I should pay a visit to my teacher．
我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
【答案】1. ( 钟 ) 敲 2. 侵袭 3. 突然想到 4. 打动，迷住
5.It suddenly struck/hit me that
知识点19.deliver vt．递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
Everyone who is willing to take part will be given 3 minutes to deliver his speech．每个愿意参加的人都有3分
钟的时间来发表演讲。
【巧学助记】
deliver sth．to 投递/运送某物给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
Chinese President Xi Jinping attended 2017 BRICKS Summit held in Xiamen and delivered an important speech.
中国国家主席习近平出席在厦门举办的2017金砖峰会并发表了重要讲话。
If you subscribe to the newspaper, it’ll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅报纸，它会给你送货上门的。
写出下列句子中deliver的汉语意思
1. I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday.递送
2. The princess has been delivered of a healthy baby boy.生(小孩儿)
3. She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.发表(演讲)
4. Hans was asked on the graduation in Harvard University．
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
5. I wonder why you refused (deliver) my letters to my home last week．
我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。
【答案】1. to deliver a speech 2.to deliver
语法精讲
关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。(作主语)
The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。(作宾语)
(2)whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。
The man (whom) you met just now is my father.你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。(作宾语)
The teacher (whom) you are waiting for is coming.你等的那位老师来了。(作宾语)
(3)whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(作定语)
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。(作定语)
(4)which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。(作主语)
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train. (作宾语)
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。
(5)that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
There is a film (that) I’d like to see.有一部电影我想去看。(作宾语)
She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。(作主语)
只用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,much,any,little等不定代词,或被no,little,all等修饰时。
He did everything that he could for me.他为我做了他所能做的所有的事。
No news that he tells us is good.他告诉我们的消息没有一个是好的。
(2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very,the only修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。
The only thing that matters is the baby’s health.唯一重要的是这个婴儿的健康。
This is the very book that I’ve been looking for.这正是我一直在找的那本书。
(3)当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country.
他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。
(4)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆?
温馨提示:
①关系代词在从句中作主语时,根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。
He is the only one of the students that has passed the exam.(the only one为先行词)
他是唯一通过考试的学生。
He is one of the students who have passed the exam .(the students为先行词)
他是通过考试的学生之一。
②关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语 时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)
常可省略。
The boy (that/who/whom)we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨天晚上见到的那个男孩是李明。③定语从句中常见错误:
缺先行词:Is this school that you visited last year?(该句缺先行词,应在“school”后面加上“the one”)
•缺关系词:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.(应在“Children”后面加上“who”,关系代词作主语
时不能省略)
•成分重复:This is the house where I lived there years ago.(“where”和“there”句子成分重复,应去掉“there”)
一、完成句子。
根据语境，用适当的关系代词填空。
1. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
2. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
3. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
4. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
5. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
6. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
7. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
8. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
9. It was about 600 years ago____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
10. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized you.
11. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
12. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
13. What else was there in my brother____ you didn't like?
14. He lives in the room____ window faces to the south.
15. This is Mr. John for____ son I brought a book yesterday.
【答案】
1. which 2. that/which 3. that 4. that/which 5. which 6. which 7. that
8. that 9. that 10. (that) 11.that 12.that 13. that 14.whose 15. whose
二、单句改错。
下列复合句中均含有一个定语从句，但有一处错误，请予改正。
1. These who have plenty of money will help their friends.
________________________________________________________________________
2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
________________________________________________________________________
3. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.
________________________________________________________________________
4. They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise choice.
________________________________________________________________________
5. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
________________________________________________________________________
6. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.________________________________________________________________________
7. Oh the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.
________________________________________________________________________
8. Mr. Heroin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.
________________________________________________________________________
9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
________________________________________________________________________
10. The boss whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1. These→ Those2. which→ that3. whom→ whose 4. that → which 5. 去掉it
6. is→ am 7.which-whose 8.is→are 9.who→that 10. worded后加in
写作园地
【技巧点拨】
新闻报道是指用客观叙述的方法，及时地传递新闻信息。反映在写作上，要求作者客观、如实地叙事，而
且要简练、及时。在体裁上，新闻报道属于应用文，但在写作中，可以适当添加说明、议论或抒情的成
分。
此类文章可分三段：
1.导语：简要地写出本消息中最有新闻价值的信息，主要是消息发生的时间、地点以及事件的基本情况
等。
2.主体：消息的主干部分，将导语中涉及的事实详细展开，使消息更加具体可信。
3.结尾：对整篇消息的小结、说明等。
写此类文章时，要注意以下几点：
1.新闻六要素必须明确无误。即新闻的时间、地点、人物、事情经过和事情发生的原因及结果必须具体、
确凿。
2.新闻中引用的数字、引语、典故以及其他背景材料都必须有据可依。
3.新闻中对事物的解释和说明必须符合事物的本来面目，不能歪曲事实。
【常用表达】
1.话题词汇
(1)begin to shake开始晃动
(2)at an end结束；终结
(3)lie in ruins成为废墟
(4)the injured伤员
(5)the rescue team救援队伍
(6)dig out掘出；发现
(7)be trapped in the ruins陷于废墟
(8)build shelters建造避难所(9)treat the injured治疗伤员
(10)with the help of在……的帮助下
(11)go through the hardship度过艰难时期
(12)rebuild one's homes重建家园
2.常用表达
(1)导语部分
①According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after
graduation. 根据最近的一项调查，大约78.9%的大学生想毕业后继续深造。
②The weather being fine，a large number of people went to climb the West Hill.天气很好，很多人去爬西
山。
③Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了巨大的变化。
④Thanks to the Hope Project, great changes have taken place in this western country school.多亏了希望工
程，西部这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
(2)主体部分
①To solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 为了解决这个问题，(我们)应该采取一些措施。
②As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.众所周知，互联网在我们的日常
生活中起着重要的作用。
③The number of the injured in the accident has reached more than12. 事故中受伤的人数已经超过12个。
(3)结尾部分
①We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
②With the rapid development of the society, our country will surely have a brighter future.随着社会的快速发
展，我们的国家一定会有更光明的未来。
③I suggest that the government should do something more to solve the serious problems.我建议政府应该为
解决这些严重的问题做更多的工作。
④We have every reason to believe that the development will be a great success.我们有足够的理由相信这次
发展会很成功。
5月1日，高一(6)班的学生志愿者李建和张莹去阳光社区(Sunshine Community)看望两位孤寡老人
(heirless old couple)，开展志愿者活动(送鲜花和水果、打扫卫生、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请
按下列要点用英语写一则100~120个词的新闻报道。
1.时间、地点、人物、活动；
2.老人们的反应；
3.简短评论。
注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计人总词数)。
Student Volunteers Brought
Sunshine to the Elderly
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
By Chen Jie，School Newspaper
【思路导引】
1.审题做到四定位：
主题定位：学生去献爱心，为老人们带来欢乐和温暖。
体裁定位：新闻报道，属于应用文。
时态定位：以一般过去时为主，可适当穿插使用其他过去时态。
内容定位：5月1日，高一(6)班的学生志愿者去阳光社区献爱心(送鲜花和水果、打扫卫生、聊天等)；老人
的反应；自己的感受。
2.结构安排：
第一段 报道事实 时间、地点、人物、活动等
第二段 老人的反应 对志愿者表示感谢
第三段 简短评论 给他人带来了欢乐，也丰富了自己的生活
One possible version:
Student Volunteers Brought
Sunshine to the Elderly
On May 1st，Li Jian and Zhang Ying, students from Class Six, Grade One, went to see the heirless old couple
in Sunshine Community and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Jian and Zhang Ying were warmly
welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the old couple with flowers and fruits. Then they started working at
once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done，they sat in the yard chatting with the old
couple.
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the old couple thanked them for their kindness. They said it was
such a beautiful day that they would remember forever.
Li Jian and Zhang Ying were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and also enriched their own
lives.
By Chen Jie，School Newspaper
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The brave firefighter three children from the burning house yesterday.
2．The old farmer was very upset because the stones caused great to his wheat.3．Some parents are just so protective that they want to their kids from every kind of danger real or
imagined.
4．She has been from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
5．His skill in dealing with (突发事件) has earned him a reputation.
6．We should recognize our children’s (努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.
7．The frequent natural (灾难) have brought people in the area more than $4 million worth of
damage.
8．The (供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country.
【答案】1.rescued 2.damage 3.shelter 4.suffering 5.emergency6.efforts7.disasters8.supplies
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．People were to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The news
all the people around.(shock)
10． (bury) in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
11．We measured the of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters .(long)
12．With the government’s aid，those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to new shelters.
13．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of .Thanks to the swimming
skills，he and his friend succeeded in the terrible flood and they were the only two .
(survive)
14．Both of the ways are (effect) and which one to choose is really a matter of personal preference.
15．The disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 up to now.(dead)
【答案】
9.shocked ,shocking ,shocked 10.Buried11.length ,long12.affected13.survival,surviving ,survivors14.effective
15.deadly ,deaths
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．我太焦虑，每天直到很晚才能睡着。
Every day until late into the night.
17．要求想参加此次采摘活动的人明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。
are required to gather at the school gate at 7：00 am tomorrow.
18．大火持续了三天，给当地的居民造成了巨大的损失。
The fire lasted for 3 days， .
19．他正在河边散步正在此时他听见了有人喊救命。
he heard someone crying for “Help！”．
20．但是天开始黑了，这使得我们更难找到回家的路。
However，it was getting dark， .
【答案】
16. I was too anxious to fall asleep
17. Those who want to participate in the picking activity18. causing great damage to the locals
19. He was walking along the river when
20. making it more difficult to find our way home
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
On 28 July,1976，one million people ignored the strange things that had been happening in Tangshan and
went to bed 1. usual.At 3：42 am，a strong earthquake 2. could be felt in Beijing shook
Tangshan,3. (cause) great damage to the city.The whole city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who
lived there were injured，and the number of people who were killed or 4. (bad) injured 5.
(be) more than 400,000.Not only factories and homes were destroyed，but also almost all hospitals where they
could be treated 6. (go)．People were shocked.7. (make) matters worse，another
earthquake which was as 8. (strength) as the first one struck Tangshan again later that afternoon.It
seemed as if the world were at 9. end.150,000 soldiers came to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes 10.
(destroy)．With joint efforts，the city began to breathe again.
【答案】1.as 2.which 3.causing4.badly5.was6.were gone7.To make8.strong9.an 10.had been destroyed
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子
为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)
Disasters such as tornadoes，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and
earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1. to many countries.Among them the
earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2. .90
percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3. a lot.Everywhere the 4. survivors saw
destroyed bricks and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams dug out the trapped,5.
the dead and built shelters.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to
6. again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 7. Asia in
2004 crashed into coastlines and swept away many people .Foreign countries aided these areas by
8. food and supplies by helicopter.(Tips for emergency：※Keep calm※Tap on a pipe or
whistle for help※Stay away from power lines※Survive on what you have on hand.)
【答案】1.damage 2.deaths3.suffered 4.shocked 5.buried 6.breathe 7.struck 8.delivering
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读理解
A
On February 3,1931,the peace of New Zealand’s Hawke’s Bay region was destroyed when the area was hit by
the worst earthquake in New Zealand’s history.At 10:46 am on that summer’s day,the quake hit with a magnitude of
7.9 on the Richter scale(里氏震级).The centre of the quake lied some 15 to 20 kilometers north of the two main
centers,Napier and Hastings.The quake lasted for two and a half minutes.Many people died in the earthquake.
A fire broke out immediately after the quake.The fire started in a chemist’s shop and spread quickly.Then theFire Department in Napier came to help,but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water
supply.However,the water supply in Hastings,was still usable,allowing them to fight back against the fire.
The force of the earthquake destroyed many of the city’s famous landmarks(地标).Chunks of the coastline
were thrown into the sea.Napier’s Bluff Hill,a popular tourist spot,was completely destroyed and thrown into the
waters below.
Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed.Roads and communications across the
whole area were cut.People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or
on the beach.There were about 150 aftershocks(余震) in the 24 hours after the main shock.Over the next 2
weeks,there would be 525 such aftershocks.
1.The worst earthquake took place in New Zealand .
A.at night B.in the morning
C.at noon D.in the afternoon
2.The firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because .
A.there was no usable water
B.they couldn’t get close to it
C.the flames spread too quickly
D.The wind was very strong
3.The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that .
A.there were many places of interest in New Zealand
B.the earthquake damaged the city seriously
C.many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea
D.people were afraid to enter their homes for sleep
4.What’s the best title for this passage?
A.The 1931 Hawke’s Bay earthquake
B.New Zealand’s two cities
C.The great fire after the great earthquake
D.The city’s famous landmarks
【答案】语篇导读文章介绍了1931年2月3日新西兰的霍克斯湾地区发生的严重地震及其造成的极大损
失。
1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“At 10:46 am on that summer’s day,the quake hit with a
magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale”.可知B项正确。
2.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of
losing their water supply”可知答案。
3.B 【解析】段落大意题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知地震摧毁了城市里的许多著名地标,这座城市的
大部分主要建筑被完全摧毁了,即地震对城市破坏严重。
4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了1931年霍克斯湾的地震以及地震给该地区所带来的损害。
B
Parents may think they’re smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter．Nearly 60, 000young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a
new report from Safe Kids Worldwide．
The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they
actually do．9 out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away and out of reach and sight, but
7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that．They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing
babies and toddlers(学步的儿童) aren’t tall enough or strong enough to reach them．Unfortunately, they probably
can．Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they have been poisoned
by getting into a medicine that was left within reach．
Most poisonings related to medicines—particularly among babies and toddlers—occur within their home．
Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment．At certain ages they have a lot of activities using
their hands and mouths, and so it’s very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what
they find．
The new Safe Kids Worldwide report includes a survey of 2, 000 parents with children under age 6．While
the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings has declined since the 2010
maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years．
Prescription and overthecounter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补
给品) can also cause problems．There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine
poisoning．
1．Why are children poisoned according to the text?
A．Some of the medicines at home taste nice．
B．There is something poisonous in medicines．
C．Kids have easy access to medicines at home．
D．Kids are curious to explore the environment．
2．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids．
B．The team made a survey of 2, 000 kids under age 6．
C．600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly．
D．Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home．
3．What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A．Factors contributing to the mistakes parents have made．
B．Tips that parents can follow to avoid a medicine poisoning．
C．Examples related to vitamin and supplement poisonings．
D．Impressive recovery results in helping patients．
4．What could be the best title for the text?
A．Parents’ Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned
B．The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately
C．Nearly 60, 000 Children Are Poisoned by MedicinesD．Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home
【答案】1. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，引发儿童药物中毒的原因是父母把药品放在了孩子
能够得着的地方，故选C。
2. C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“9 out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and
away and out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that．” 和第四段中的“The new Safe
Kids Worldwide report includes a survey of 2，000 parents with children under age 6．” 可知十分之九的家长
知道药品该放在哪里，但十分之七的人承认做不到。所以被调查的2 000人中只有十分之三能做到，即600
人能正确存放药品。故选C。
3. B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an
accidental medicine poisoning．” 可知有许多措施能够降低儿童药物中毒的风险，那么下文就该详细介绍
这些措施，故选B。
4. A 解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了每年有许多儿童药物中毒事件发生，事故原因就是父母把药品放在
了孩子够得着的地方，导致孩子误食。A项：父母平时随便的行为导致孩子药品中毒，能概括全文，适合
作为文章标题。故选A。
语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing．Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs
1．____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2．____________ the two sports do have many pieces of
equipment in common．
Perhaps 3．____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4．
____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it．This piece of
equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5．____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand
during a climb．
Mountain climbers also 6．____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐)．This tool is used for
different purposes according to 7．____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice,
and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8 ．____________(know) as
crampons．Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9．____________(connect) with the climber’s shoes．The ice
axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10 ．
____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly．The teeth of the
crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes．
【答案】1．from 解析：考查介词。differ from sth．与……不一样。
2．though/although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的
很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为 carabiner，指物，故用
关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故
填its。
8．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去
分词作后置定语。
9．are connected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为 sharp metal teeth 与 connect 构成动宾关系，故填 are
connected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
