曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题十三 语法填空
A组 统一命题·新高考卷、课标卷题组
Passage 1 (2020课标全国Ⅲ)
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s
reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so
he called all great artists to come and present their 2 (fine)work, so that he could choose
the best. The artist was sure he would 3 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to
the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers
on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, they smiled and
6 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7 (find) the
well-known painter. As the small boat moved 8 (gentle)along the river he was left
speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white
waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the
river and the soft clouds 9 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The
artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mother Nature.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与社会。中国古代有一位画家,自以为
艺术造诣很高。但是一次经历让他明白了什么是最伟大的画家。本文旨在培养学生谦
虚好学的精神。
1.whose 考查定语从句。句意:在中国古代有一位画家,他的画栩栩如生。设空处引导
的是定语从句,修饰先行词an artist。将先行词代入从句后为:The artist’s paintings were
almost lifelike.由此可知引导词在从句中充当定语,所以要用关系代词whose。
2.finest 考查形容词。一天,皇上想找人给他画像,于是他召集来所有的优秀画家来展示
他们最好的作品。根据语境可知此处应该用形容词的最高级形式,故填finest。
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3.be chosen 考查动词的语态。这位画家确信自己会被选中。设空处是谓语动词,与he
之间是被动关系,且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
4.curiosity 考查名词。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处
充当with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.When/As 考查状语从句。当他向江岸边的村民们打听那位传奇画家住在哪里时,他
们微笑。根据语境可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,要用when或as,注意首字母要大写。
6.pointed 考查动词时态。他们微笑并指向江的下游。并列连词and连接两个谓语动词:
smiled和pointed。
7.to find 考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船动身去寻找那位知名的画
家。set out to do sth.开始做某事,着手做某事。
8.gently 考查副词。句意:当小船顺着江轻轻移动时,群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说
不出话来。设空处单词修饰as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved,所以要用其副
词形式。故填gently。
9.surrounding 考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾从江上升起,柔软的云围绕着山顶时,
他流下了眼泪。设空处是非谓语动词作宾补,surround与宾语soft clouds之间是主动关
系,要用v.-ing形式。故填surrounding。
10.on 考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终在世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然面前感到
惭愧。固定搭配on earth相当于in the world“在世界上”。
[长难句] As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by
the mountains being silently reflected in the water.当小船顺着江轻轻移动时,群山在水
中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。
这是一个主从复合句。as引导的是时间状语从句,主句部分是he was left speechless by
the mountains...。being silently reflected in the water是非谓语动词短语作定语,修饰
the mountains。
Passage 2 (2019课标全国Ⅲ)
On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldn’t help wondering
how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were
well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our
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hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat,
shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their
trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting 6 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared
with us many 7 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with
tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert
on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and
meeting interesting locals.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[高考词块]
1.recommend vt.推荐; 劝告;建议
2.a pack of一群;一包
3.care for照料;照顾
4.together with和……一同;连同
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。作者一
行人冒雨来到了游玩的目的地,在这里作者受到了主人的热情接待。本文旨在培养学生
的文化意识。
1.so 考查副词。此处为“so+adv.+that...”结构,意为:如此……以至于……,其中that引导
结果状语从句。
2.to get 考查非谓语动词。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
故填to get。
3.of 考查介词。首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声。a pack of dogs一群狗。
4.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入
定语从句后为:Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知关
系词在从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词who。
5.recommended 考查动词的时态。设空处与前面的shared是并列连词and连接的两个
并列的谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。
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6.competition 考查名词。设空处作know of的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处
应该用所给词的名词形式competition。
7.traditional 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词,故用所给词的形容词形式
traditional。
8.hugely 考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词,故用程度副词hugely。
9.were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,由语境可知时态应
为一般过去时,该动作与主语we之间是被动关系,故填were invited。
10.listening 考查非谓语动词。设空处在此处作状语,表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we
之间在逻辑上是主动关系,故填listening。另外,由此处与and后的meeting的并列关系也
可快速判断出此处应用现在分词形式。
[长难句] When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us
know of an interesting competition to watch, together with the story behind it.在他们
不工作的时候,他们会邀请我们去参加一些当地的活动,让我们了解了一项观看起来非常
有趣的比赛,还有这项比赛背后的故事。
本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句;主句中由并列连词and连接两个并列
的谓语动词invited和let。
Passage 3 (2018课标全国Ⅲ)
I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly
appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her
lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3
(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I
quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he
doesn’t feel 5 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No
one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive. True to
gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just
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saying:“I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,
he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[高考词块]
1.out of nowhere突然冒出来
2.charge toward sb.向某人冲过来
3.unaggressive adj.不好斗的,没有攻击性的
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现
得很凶猛,但它们并非是好斗的动物。
1.who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句。“ is more
frightened”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。
2.the 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查
冠词。at the top of one’s lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。
3.loudest 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of
all”可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。
4.looking 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。
本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻
辑上的主动关系,故填动名词looking。
5.challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动
关系,故填过去分词形式challenged。
6.scientist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说
明主语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。
7.for 句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。
search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。
8.them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。
9.meant 句意:大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题
考查时态。根据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。
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10.to stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓
语动词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,
故填to stay。
Passage 4 (2017课标全国Ⅰ)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and
less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of
fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and
heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food that
we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4
(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will
eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of
fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more
fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between
meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes.
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[高考词块]
1.the medical community医学界
2.unintended adj.无意的;非计划的
3.side effects副作用
4.recover from从……康复
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。本文介绍了低脂低盐食品对健康可能会造成的负面影响,
并对影响的成因进行了分析。文章认为:脂肪和盐的摄入量要足,并非越少越好。
1.as 考查介词。此处缺少表达“作为”意义的介词,故填as。
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2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势会有些非预期的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side
effect为可数名词,根据前面的some可知,应用复数形式。
3.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(要求某物做某事)以及其被动
形式sth. be required to do sth.(某物被要求做某事)可知此处填动词不定式。
4.are removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除,
食物尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat and
salt作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,主语与remove之间为被动关系,故填are removed。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的食物来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结
果;因此。
6.worse 考查副词。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的
是,此句与上句提到的情况相比较,故用比较级。
7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时态,主语fast food为不可
数名词,故系动词用is。
8.eating 考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式作by的宾
语。
9.careful 考查形容词。句意:然而,小心不要走极端。设空处在系动词be之后作表语,故
填形容词。
10.which 考查定语从句。设空处指代前面的主句,引导非限制性定语从句,故填
which。
Passage 5 (2017课标全国Ⅱ)
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran
for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the
roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was
built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and
then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface
was replaced.
Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant
for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a
great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.
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Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),
which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9
(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the
most 10 (success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted
tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[高考词块]
1.allow v.允许,容许
2.avoid v.避免
3.prove v.证明, 证明是
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁的起源以及它逐步
成为大众所喜爱的交通方式的发展历程。
1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形
容词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,且前面无冠词
限制,故需用复数形式,在词尾直接加-s即可。
2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”,为固定表达法。
根据文中所给的travelled to and...可推断出空格内应填入介词from。
3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文的and then
building可知,此处用动名词作included的宾语。
4.the 本题考查冠词。此处是说地铁开挖、铺轨完成后,要进行最后的筑顶。此处表示
特指,因此应用定冠词the。
5.were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是说“当初使用蒸汽机牵
引地铁车厢”,因此主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关系,且由上文可知叙述的是过
去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用
were。
6.fairly 本题考查副词。此处是说伦敦地铁开通之初因使用蒸汽机而使乘客饱受烟尘
和噪声污染之苦。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式,故填fairly。
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7.it 本题考查代词。此处是说伦敦地铁开通不久就广受欢迎,大量民众乘地铁出行。此
处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。
8.managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案
为动词的过去式。manage to do sth.用于表示“成功地做了某事”。
9.introduction 本题考查名词。此处说地铁的发展得益于电力机和电梯的应用。由空前
的定冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去“e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。
10.successful 本题考查形容词。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级”结构。
Passage 6 (2017课标全国Ⅲ)
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old
Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2
model in New York.
Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the
next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,
4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as
well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).
She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her
studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university
to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9
(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the
lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model
any more.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[高考词块]
1.carry on with sth.继续某事
2.turn down拒绝
3.concentrate on专注于;专心于
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4.get/be absorbed in doing sth.专心做某事
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,介绍了16岁的中学生Sarah在模特界崭露头角却依然以学
业为重的故事。
1.resting 考查非谓语动词。固定结构spend some time(in) doing(sth.)花费时间做(某事)。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:相反,她现在在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6,500英镑。model为可
数名词,此处表示泛指,故填冠词a。
3.has been told/was told 考查时态和语态。句意:Sarah被告知她可以成为英国的一名超
模新星,第二年就可以挣百万美元。根据语境可知Sarah与tell之间为被动关系,故用被
动语态。此处既可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示
过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
4.who 考查定语从句。此句两个逗号之间的内容是对Sarah的情况的补充介绍,为非限
制性定语从句,修饰Sarah。设空处引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语。应该填入关系
代词who。
5.to prove 考查非谓语动词。此句说虽然Sarah曾与顶级模特一起参加过时装表演,但
她想证明自己除了漂亮的外表之外还有智慧的头脑。want to do sth.想要做某事,因此空
白处应该填入to prove。
6.education 考查词性转换。此句的意思是Sarah决心继续她的教育。空白处填入的词
作介词with的宾语,并受物主代词her的限定,必须用名词形式。所以需将动词educate
变为其名词形式education。
7.invitations 考查名词的复数。此句说Sarah为了集中精力学习,已经数次婉拒了出演
时装秀的邀约。由本题前面的限定词several可判断,invitation需用复数形式。
8.in 考查介词与名词的搭配。 此句说中学毕业后,她计划休学一年做全职模特,然后上
大学攻读工程或建筑方面的学位。本题前面的degree一词表示“学位”,在表达某一专
业的学位时,后接介词in。
9.comes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此句意思是目前学业是第一位的。讲的是Sarah
对自己当前情况的理解,应该用一般现在时。主语school为第三人称单数,故谓语动词
come应该加-s,变为comes。
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10.certainly 此句意思是模特工作确实有趣,但那种生活方式有点不真实。空白处填入
的词修饰形容词fun,应为副词,所以考生应该将形容词certain转变为其副词形式
certainly。
Passage 7 (2016课标全国Ⅰ) 主题语境:人与自然 限时:8分钟
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels.
But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1. (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket
money helps pay for research. I 2. (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the
600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3.
(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4.
my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5. I was the first Western TV reporter 6.
(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My
ambassadorial duties will include 7. (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas
at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8.
(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9. (day)with his sister so that
while one is being bottle-fed, 10. other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。
1.attraction 考查名词。设空处作表语。句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者,熊猫是成都
最吸引人的东西。attraction n.吸引人的事物。
2.was allowed 考查动词的时态和语态。由句子结构可知此处为谓语动词。主语“I”和
动词“allow”之间为被动关系,根据上句中的谓语动词was可知,文章叙述的是过去发生
的事,需用一般过去时,故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.officially 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。
4.to 考查介词。go back to“追溯到,回溯到”,为固定短语。
5.when 考查定语从句。先行词the mid-1980s为表示时间的名词,且关系词在定语从句
中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。
6.permitted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
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7.introducing 考查动名词。动词include后缺宾语,需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。
8.its 考查代词。此处为it的形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。
9.days 考查名词的复数形式。few修饰可数名词复数,故其后的名词需用复数形式。
10.the 考查冠词。one...the other...“(两者中的)一个……另外一个……”,为固定结构。
高级语块 1.fancy /ˈfænsi/adj.豪华的
2.backstage /ˌbækˈsteɪdʒ/adv.到后台
3.switch /swɪtʃ/v.转换
4.suspect /səˈspekt/v.怀疑
Passage 8 (2016课标全国Ⅱ) 主题语境:人与自我 限时:8分钟
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and
identify(识别) those of 1. (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important
tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 2. (achieve). Leaving the less important things
until tomorrow 3. (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4. our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
So,get an early start and try to be as productive 5. possible before lunch. This will give
you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling
accomplished.
Recent 6. (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks
7. (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8. while,
exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 9.
(bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but
whatever it is, 10. (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to
worry about.
答案
[语篇解读] 如果在工作中你感到了压力,如何解决?作者给出了几种实用的减压方式,可
让身心得到放松。
1.greater 考查形容词比较级。根据此句中less,可知应该用great的比较级和less并列。
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2.achievement 考查名词。根据介词of,可知设空处应该填名词形式,a sense of
achievement一种成就感,此处achievement是不可数名词。
3.is 考查主谓一致和时态。动名词作句子主语,谓语动词用单数形式且描述一般事实,
故用is。
4.on 考查介词。我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作。be
focused on集中注意力于。
5.as 考查短语。as...as possible 尽可能……。
6.studies 考查名词单复数。根据句中的谓语动词show,可知主语应该用复数形式,故填
studies。
7.regularly 考查副词。此处应该用副词形式作状语。
8.a 考查冠词。for a while是固定短语,意为:一会儿。
9.to bring 考查不定式。be likely to do sth. 为固定短语,意为:有可能做某事。
10.make 考查祈使句。但是无论是什么事,确保它是消除日常压力的事情而不是另一件
让人担心的事情。
高级语块 1.achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n.成就;达到,完成
2.productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/adj.富有成效的
Passage 9 (2016课标全国Ⅲ) 主题语境:人与社会 限时:8分钟
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1.
Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of
plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant
chopsticks might 2. (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers
also combine various hardwoods and metal 3. (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food
in large pots, 4. (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5. the population
grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in
small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6. (gradual)turned into
chopsticks.
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Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7. lived from roughly
551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8. (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives
would remind people of killings and 9. (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally
eat 10. their hands.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子及其发展的历史。
1.and 考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系而不是选择关系,其模式为“A,B,C and D”。
故填并列连词and。
2.be made 考查情态动词和被动语态。be made of表示“由……制成”,根据设空前的情
态动词might可知,此处填be made。
3.to create 考查不定式。此处不定式作目的状语。
4.using 考查现在分词。现在分词在此处作伴随状语。
5.as/when 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句。
6.gradually 考查副词。此处用副词修饰turned into。
7.who 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词Confucius(孔子)指人,故需用
关系代词who引导定语从句。
8.development 考查名词。由设空前的冠词the和设空后的of可知应用名词。
9.were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由并列连词and连接宾语从句中的两个并列结构可
知和would remind并列的应为谓语动词,故用be动词的过去式,又因knives为复数形式,
故用were。
10.with 考查介词。由语境可知设空处意为“用”,故填with。
高级语块 1.so-called adj.所谓的
2.roughly /ˈrʌfli/adv.大约
Passage 10 (2015课标全国Ⅰ)
Yangshuo,China
It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A
few hours 2 ,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 3 (it)choking smog.Here,the air was
clean and fresh,even with the rain.
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I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and
dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5
(painting).Instead,I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an
hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 7 (be)really beautiful.A study of travelers 8 (conduct)by the website
TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is
fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel
company in Hong Kong,says it 9 (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people 10
(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
答案
1.arrived 考查动词的时态。由语境可知说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。
2.before/earlier 考查副词。由句子的谓语动词是过去完成时可知,该动作发生在“过去
之前”,故填before或earlier。
3.its 考查代词。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词smog。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。先行词为the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the
Li River,指物,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或which。
[评析] 定语从句是高考语法的必考点。主要考查关系代词和关系副词的选用。试题难
度不大,关键是准确地找到先行词,然后判断关系词在定语从句中的句法作用。
4.paintings 考查名词的复数形式。名词前有many修饰,故需用复数形式。
6.by 考查介词。by乘,坐(交通工具等)。by car坐小汽车。
7.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是第
三人称单数,故填is。
8.conducted 考查过去分词短语作定语。主语a study和动词conduct之间为被动关系,
故用过去分词形式。
9.regularly 考查副词。修饰动词arranges应用副词形式。
10.living 考查现在分词短语作定语。被修饰的名词与动词live之间为主动关系,故用现
在分词形式。
[评析] 本题考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词是高考语法考查的重点。本题同第8
题一样,考查分词作定语。解题的关键是弄清动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被
动关系。
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Passage 11 (2015课标全国Ⅱ)
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American
Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to
their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able)to “air
condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the
heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights, thus
warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now
cold enough 6 (cool)the house during the hot day; 7 the same time,they warm up again
for the night. This cycle 8 (go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool
off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As
9 (nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls
needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案
[语篇解读] 你见过不用空调就能自动调节温度的房子吗?美国西南部的普韦布洛村落
的印第安人就能修建这样的房子。本文介绍了普韦布洛村落的印第安人的神奇土坯房
以及其自动调温的过程和原理。
1.built 考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的被
动关系,故用built。
2.the 考查冠词。该空后面是最高级标志词most,表示“最……”,故用定冠词the。
3.ability 考查词性转换。该空由their修饰,根据句意及the/one’s ability to do的固定搭
配可知应填名词ability。
4.using 考查非谓语动词作宾语。该空前有介词without,故用using。
5.slowly 考查词性转换。该空修饰动词短语give out,故用副词形式。
6.to cool 考查非谓语动词作状语。“be+adj.+enough”后需用不定式作状语。
7.at 考查介词。根据固定搭配at the same time (同时)可知答案。
8.goes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。整篇文章均用一般现在时叙述,且This cycle为第
三人称单数,故用goes。
9.natural 考查词性转换。该空修饰名词architects,应用形容词natural。
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10.how 考查宾语从句的引导词。此处说的是“普韦布洛村落的印第安人可以精确地
计算出土坯房的墙需要有‘多’厚”,故填how。
Passage 12 (2014课标全国Ⅰ)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1
(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2
(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 3 most outstanding
examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 4 even a few months. It took years of work 5
(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now
the water in the river is 6 (clean)than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your
family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.
When you face such an impossible situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to
change immediately?
While there are 8 (amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 9
(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just
be 10 (patience).
答案
[语篇解读] 本文以花费多年时间解决河流污染为例来告诫我们:当我们面临貌似不可
能改善的情况时,一定要有耐心,变化是循序渐进的,是需要付出很多努力的。
1.was 考查时态。句意:当时很难想象这条河流能够被清理干净。上一句提到In 1969,
所以此处要用一般过去时。
2.actually 考查词性转换。该空处修饰动词,所以要用副词形式actually,意为“事实上,
实际上”。
3.the 考查冠词。句意:多年之后,现在这条河流成了环境清理最杰出的例子之一。此处
是“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。
4.or 考查连词。句意:但是这条河流不是在几天内改变的,甚至也不是在几个月内改变
的。or用于否定句中,意为“也不,也不是,也没有”。
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5.to reduce 考查非谓语动词。句意:减少工业污染和净化河水花费了多年的工作。It
takes/took...to do sth.做某事花费……,为固定句式,故填动词不定式to reduce。该句式中it
是形式主语,不定式短语才是真正的主语。
6.cleaner 考查形容词的比较级。句意:最后,辛苦的工作得到了回报,现在河水比以前干
净多了。根据句中比较级的标志词than可知,该空应用比较级,故填cleaner。
7.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:可能你有一种让你家人发疯的习惯。根据句子结构
可知该空应是定语从句的关系词,先行词是a habit,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that
或which。
8.amazing 考查词性转换。虽然有一些令人吃惊的快速改观的故事,但是对我们大部分
人来说,变化是循序渐进的,并且也是需要很多努力和工作的。设空处修饰表示“事物”
的名词stories,应该用形容词形式amazing(令人吃惊的)。不能用amazed(感到吃惊的)。
9.changes 考查名词。定冠词the后面应该填名词,根据谓语动词are和require可知应是
名词的复数形式,故填changes。
10.patient 考查词性转换。句意:要有耐心。此处be动词后面应是形容词作表语,故填
patient(耐心的)。
高级词块 ①catch fire起火 ②pay off达到目的,成功
Passage 13 (2014课标全国Ⅱ)
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 (be)late for school.
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 some of them looked very anxious and
3 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next 4
the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 (catch)my attention.
He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to
the driver, but he refused 6 (stop)until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7
(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to
the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the
driver stood up and asked,“ 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus
shouted,“Oh dear!It’s 9 (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase
thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of
strangers 10 (sudden)became friendly to one another.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了一位不知名的少年骑车追还失主手提箱的故事。
1.being 介词后用动名词作宾语。
2.and and连接两个句子,表示顺承关系。
3.disappointed 表示人的内心活动,应使用-ed形式的形容词,这里指他们看起来既焦虑
又失望。
4.to next to是固定短语,意为“挨着,靠近”。
5.caught 全文在叙述一件往事,应以一般过去时为主,故这里应使用catch的过去式
caught。
6.to stop 表示“拒绝做某事”时,refuse后接不定式作宾语。
7.riding 表示“继续(不间断地)做某事”时,要用keep doing sth.,相当于continue doing
sth.。
8.Did 句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,“丢失”是发生在过去的动作,故应使用助动词
did。
9.me/mine 该句既可以用宾格me表示“是我(丢了手提箱)”,也可以用名词性物主代词
mine表示“那是我的手提箱”。
10.suddenly 副词修饰动词。
高级词块 ①on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
②next to靠近 ③push one’s way推开人群通过
B组 自主命题·省(区、市)卷题组
Passage 1 (2015广东)
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 1 farm,which
looked almost abandoned. 2 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3 other food and made cheese
and butter for the family with what 4 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in
fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 5 it began to rain heavily. While making great
efforts to run away,she 6 (fall)over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a
living 7 the cow.In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and
vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 8 (sell)the
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wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest
came around, he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people
from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10 that his farm had much potential and
that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公Mr.Johnson的生活
经历。虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛,却在之后的生活中收获了更多,可谓
“塞翁失马焉知非福”。
1.a 考查冠词。本空后为单数名词farm,且第一次提到,故填a。
[评析] 冠词是高考语法考查的必考项之一,主要考查冠词表泛指或特指的基本用法以
及冠词的习惯用法。本题考查的就是不定冠词表泛指的基本用法。
2.Luckily 考查词性转换。本空修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Luckily。
3.for 考查介词。exchange...for...用……交换……。
4.was left 考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,又
因为动作发生在过去应用一般过去时,故填was left。
5.when 考查连词。此句中when意为“这时”。
6.fell 考查动词的时态。此空前为主语she,根据语境可知应用一般过去时,故填fell。
7.without 考查介词。根据上文可知Mr.Johnson失去了他的奶牛,且此空后为the cow,
故用介词without。
8.to sell 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的,故填to
sell。
9.where 考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词market,关系词在定语从句中作地点状
语,故填where。
10.him 考查代词。根据句型It occurred to sb.that...“某人想到……”及上下文中的人称
使用情况可知答案。
Passage 2 (2014广东)
Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had
been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went,we had
planned for months.When the day came,we were ready.
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After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2
(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our
rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after.I didn’t understand 5
this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What’s
worse,the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do,the manager
came out.She was 7 (surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare
VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we weren’t
charged extra.
The next day,my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play
volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t
mind.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人经历。讲述了作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订
房间出现了差错,但问题得到了很好的解决,作者感到很满意。
1.it 考查代词。it指代Miami。
2.earlier 考查副词。six months earlier六个月前。
3.were told 考查时态和语态。因为叙述的是过去发生的事情且we与tell之间是被动关
系,所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.but 考查连词。not...but...不是……而是……。此处表示句意的转折。
5.why/how 考查宾语从句的连接词。我不理解为什么会发生这样的事。/我不理解这样
的事是如何发生的。
6.for 考查介词。charge...for...向……收(费)。
7.surprisingly 考查副词。此处修饰形容词helpful,所以应使用surprise的副词形式
surprisingly。
8.the 考查冠词。the top floor顶层。
9.where 考查定语从句。因为先行词是地点名词,关系词在定语从句中作状语,所以填
where。
10.sunburnt/sunburned 考查过去分词。get sunburnt/sunburned晒伤。
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