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54 5年高考3年模拟 A版 高考英语
专题十 推理判断
时间 也得不出正确答案 其实 推理判断题的出题点非常
, 。 ,
稳定 通过对近几年真题命题规律的分析 不难发现 有些题
, , ,
型就是在考查对段落中心的理解 所以大家需要熟知段落中
一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式 ,
心的考点标记 从而快速将文章中的出题点信息和选项进行
,
1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that
比对 匹配 吻合段落中心意思的为正确答案
、 。 。
.
寻找段落中心方法
:
2.In which of the following publications 出版物 would
逻辑上出现转承关系的句子 转折 因果 递进 即有
( )
(1) ( 、 、 ,
this passage most likely be printed
therefore thus but however in short all in all 等提示词的
?
, , , , ,
3. The passage implies but doesnt directly state
, 句子
that . )。
有明确表示观点的路标指引词 think believe
4.The writer suggests that . (2) ( , ,
deny acknowledge insist according to claim...
5.The author probably feels that . , , , , )。
含有情态动词的句子 should must...
6.The author uses the example of...to show that . (3) ( , )。
含有特殊标点的句子 冒号 单破折号 引号 分号
7.Whats the authors attitude toward (4) ( 、 、 、 )。
? 特殊句型 疑问句 倒装句 强调句 省略句
8.Which of the following can best describe the attitude of (5) ( 、 、 、 )。
平铺直叙段落中 注意首末句
the author towards... (6) , 。
?
3.答案特征需明辨
9.What does the author mean by saying...
? 命题人在设置选项时 正确选项和错误选项各有对应的
10. The tone of this passage could be best described ,
特点和规律 考生若熟知这些特点和规律 可提升答题的正
as . 。 ,
确率
11.The author writes the passage in a tone of . 。
正确选项的特点
12.The author thinks/believes/suggests that . (1)
内容的含义比较丰富 具有综合性和概括性 尤其是
1) , ,
二、推理判断类题目解题的注意事项 当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候 意义最丰富的
,
1.解题原则要牢记 那个选项往往是正确答案
。
推理判断题要求考生能够充分理解阅读文章 分析语篇 正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊 不会用绝对词汇
、 2) , ,
特征 寻找解题依据 在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理 而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇 如often usually
、 , , , ,
和判断 sometimes some may might can could possibly
。 , , , , , , ,
首先 要理解文章的字面意思 弄清上下文的整体逻辑 probably等
, , ; 。
其次 在阅读过程中要注意作者遣词造句中的深层次 正确答案有时反而与我们通过常识判断得出的结论
, 3)
含义 相反 因此 如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相
; 。 ,
第三 要通读题干 充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和 符 而余下的那一个却是反常识的 那么可考虑那个选项是
, , , ,
判断的内容和方向 以免白费力气 否为正确答案
, 。 。
最后 仔细挖掘作者隐藏在文章中的一些重要含义 切 选项与原文有同义置换的词的密度越大 成为正确答
, , 4) ,
勿用自己的主观判断来代替文章内容 勿用观点代替事实 案的概率越大
, 。 。
需注意 有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的 同义变 干扰选项的特点
: “ (2)
化 所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断 一步即可推 只是原文的简单复述 而非推断出来的结论 把直接
”, , 1) , ,
得 考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化 推理很多步 反而得 表达当成间接推理
, , , 。
出错误的答案 推理的基础是原文内容 而不是自己的经验 看似从原文推断出来的结论 然而实际上与原文不
。 , 2) ,
和主观判断 符 例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果 把原文的手段
。 , ,
2.有效信息会识别 变成了选项中的目的
。
推理判断题失分的一个主要原因是考生看着题目不知 根据常识判断是正确的 然而不是在文章事实或上下
3) ,
道去文章的什么地方找出题点 定位点找不对既浪费了解题 文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点 因此 考生要注意不能根
, , ,
专题十 推理判断 55
据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理 因为命题者考查的是 典例2
,
考生揣摩作者意图的能力
。 On the whole Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.As
虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据 但推 ,
4) , one would expect his writing is mostly clear and to be fair some
理过头 概括过度 有部分选项的内容纯属编造 , , ,
、 ; 。 chaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed forinstance thechapter
, ,
三、推理判断类题目常用的解题方法 in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold
1.隐含推断题 and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters the
,
moreserious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These
锁定题干中infer conclude suggest
, , ,
problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into
imply indicate assume等词 明确
, , ,
答题方向 science.
What is the author likely to write about after the last
浏览四个选项 首先排除与原文信 paragraph
逻辑推断法 , ?
息一样的选项 A.Problems with the book.
B.Brookss life experiences.
立足原文 结合语境和常识 在字面
, , C.Death of the characters.
意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断
D.Brookss translation skills.
典例1 解析 最后两句提到了这本书的一些问题。 由此推断
(2020课标全国Ⅲ, B片段) 出,接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题,故 A
In some cases its not so much the treatment of the 项符合文章内容。
,
animals onsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried itstheoff⁃ 答案 A
;
set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And
3.文章出处及语篇类型题
there are questions about the films made outside the States
, 原则 从文章的内容或结构判断其出处及语篇
which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions :
类型
filmed in the States.
What canweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors
文章出处及 报纸 前面常会出现日期
? : 、
A.They may be badly treated. 语篇类型题 地点或通讯社名称
B.They should take further training.
广告 格式特殊 容易辨认
: ,
C.They could be traded illegally.
对号入座
D.They would lose popularity. 产品说明 常含有操作方式
: 、
解析 根据题干中的infer一词可知本题为隐含推断题。 使用方法等
根据itstheoff⁃settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraising 网页 常含有网页的典型用语
:
concerns和 which sometimes are not monitored as closely as 典例3
productions filmedintheStates可知动物演员受到了虐待。 选
(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)
项B(它们应该接受进一步的训练)、C(它们可能被非法交
As data and identity theft becomes more and more
易)和D(它们将不受欢迎)未在文中提及,均应该被排除。
common the market is growing for biometric 生物测量
答案 A , ( )
technologies like fingerprint scans to keep others out of
— —
2.预测推断题 private e⁃spaces. At present these technologies are still
,
根据语篇 对事件可能的结局或下段可能 expensive though.
特点 , ,
涉及的内容等进行预测推理 Researchers from GeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeup
梳理篇章结构 with a low⁃cost device 装置 that gets around this problem a
( ) :
事件发展的先后顺序 smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the
cadence 节奏 with which one types and the pressure fingers
因果关系
预测推 ( )
apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of
断题 把握写作思路 递进关系
security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and
对比关系
the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each
方法
空间转换
person. Thus the keyboard can determine peoples identities
, ,
弄清句 段之间的逻辑关系 and by extension whether they should be given access to the
、 ,
computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets
—
作出科学 合理的预测 the password right.
、
56 5年高考3年模拟 A版 高考英语
It also doesntrequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeople perfect soiltogrowit soitsapipedreamformostapplelovers
,
arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and who fall for it.
everybody types differently. At theevents you can meet expert growers and discuss which
,
In a study describing the technology the researchers had ones will best suit your conditions and because these are family
, ,
volunteerstypetheword touch fourtimesusingthesmart affairs children are well catered for with apple⁃themed fun and
100 “ ” ,
keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to games.
recognize different participants based on how they typed with Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an
,
very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard interest in fruit including stately gardens and commercial
,
should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly orchards 果园 . If youwanttohavearealorchardexperience
( ) ,
madeofinexpensive plastic⁃likeparts. Theteamhopestomake try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale near
, ,
it to market in the near future. Faversham in Kent.
Where is this text most likely from What is the authors purpose in writing the text
? ?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook. A.To show how to grow apples.
C.A novel. D.A magazine. B.To introduce an apple festival.
解析 文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设 C.To help people select apples.
备———智能键盘,并且希望该产品能很快进入市场。 文章 D.To promote apple research.
语言客观严谨,属于科普类说明文。 根据选项可迅速确定 解析 本文的主题是社会文化。 通读全文可知,文章的
答案。 写作目的是介绍一个苹果节。
答案 D 答案 B
4.推断写作意图题 5.观点态度题
ì ï故事类 to entertain readers ì ïobjective/neutral/indifferent/unclear
ï广告 议论文 to inform/show/convince/advise/ ï positive/approval/optimistic/hopeful
ï 、 熟悉常用词汇í
写作意图ípropose/encourage readers ì ï ïnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/
ï ï
科普类 新闻类 社会文化类 to inform/show/ ïï îdoubtful/skeptical
ïï 、 、 í
îpresent/explain/analyze ï ì ï全面理解文章的内容和中心思想
ï ï
典例4 î
抓住关键词句í
抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举
ï的事例 注意流露作者思想倾向或感情
(2016课标全国Ⅲ,C) ï ,
î色彩的形容词 副词 动词
If you are a fruit grower or would like to become one 、 、
— —
take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called 典例5
Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day (2020课标全国Ⅰ,C片段)
itself is on October but since it has caught on events now Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running
21, , ,
spread out over most of October around Britain. research shows whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.
,
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see and often It does however have its own problem.
, , ,
taste a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the Which word best describes the authors attitude to race
,
limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal walking
?
Gala in supermarkets it can be quite an eye opener to see the A.Skeptical. B.Objective.
,
range of classical apples still in existence such as Decio which C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
,
was grownbytheRomans. Althoughitdoesnttasteofanything 解析 根据句中的关键词 fitness benefits,however 和
special itsstillworthatry asistheknobbly 多疙瘩的 Cats have its own problem可知,竞走有很多益处,但也有它自己的
, , ( )
Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. 问题。 由此判断作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local
答案 B
conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is
Orleans Reinette but youll need a warm sheltered place with
, ,