考点2阅读七选五之利用逻辑关系解题（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_阅读理解

考点 2 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用逻辑关系解题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考查类别
项目
语篇类型 主题语境 段中 段尾
卷别 段首句
句 句
人与自然·介绍了在室内
种植植物的好处以及如
乙卷 说明文 0 3 2
何选择适宜室内种植的
植物
人与自我·介绍了成为一
甲卷 说明文 1 3 1
个有耐心的人的技巧
2023
2023年1月· 人与社会·如何使坐火车
说明文 1 4 0
浙江卷 旅行尽可能愉快的建议
人与社会·开始艺术之旅
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 1 3 1
的好建议
人与自我·自我原谅的一
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 0 4 1
些具体方法
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
2022 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 1 3 1
乙卷 说明文 人与社会·如何维持友谊 3 1 1
人与社会·体验巴黎人的
新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 1 4 0
生活
人与社会·旧衣物交换活
2021 甲卷 说明文 1 4 0
动
人与自我·使自己变得有
乙卷 说明文 2 2 1
趣
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中阅读七选五的考查了12次。主要考查：
主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和上下文逻辑关系句(细节支撑)三类。其中，上下文逻辑关系
句是考查的重点。
【备考策略】系统归类阅读七选五的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
阅读七选五以说明文为主，其结构非常的鲜明，设空处前后提示信息很明显，考查考生理解语篇整体或者局
部的基本结构，以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。说明文阅读七选五将在2024年高考中出现。根据逻辑关系线索解题
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常
有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时
一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用逻辑关系词
来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章
内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
【解题指南】
句际逻辑关系
一组意义相关的句子，按照一定的逻辑关系排列起来，就能在语篇中表达一个层次的意思。这种
逻辑关系有时是显性的，即运用明显的过渡词语来表达出来；有时是隐性的，即不使用任何过渡词
语，仅凭句子的排列顺序来表达。语篇中的句际关系主要有以下诸类。
1） 平列关系
平列关系指句子之间在语义上处于平等并立的地位，互不相属。如果改变句子的排列顺序，并不影
响整个语段的意义。例如：
All the people on our block give us trouble. Mrs. Brown calls the police whenever we go to play ball on
the street. Mrs. Johnson complains that skateboarding makes too much noise. If we happen to stray into Mr.
Hardy's yard, he yells at us.
上面这个语段中，后面三句是平列关系，共同说明“社区所有人都给我们带来麻烦”这一主题。
2)时序关系
时序关系指各个句子只能按事物发展的时间先后顺序排列，不可随意改动次序，常用于描述事件过
程或者操作流程。例如：
We had a hard time getting Peter out of the hole he had fallen into. First, we made a rope by linking our
belts together. Then we lowered it to Peter, telling him to grasp the end. After he had hold of the rope, we began to
pull him slowly out of the hole. As he came up, no one dared to speak a word. Finally, we could grasp him arms,
and with a sigh of relief, we pulled him out onto the grassy bank.
上面这个语段中，后五句话是时序关系，共同说明“我们好不容易才把Peter拉出掉进的坑”这一过
程。描述中，分别用了first，then，after，as，finally这些描述顺序的关联过渡词语，使得文章脉络清
晰。
3) 层递关系
层递关系指句子间按照语义的轻重、认知的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深、由主到次的顺序排列。例
如：
I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia (失眠), headache, backache, indigestion
(消化不良), constipation (便秘) and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse (更糟糕的是), I've caught a
cold, I've got a sore throat, and I'm constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all (最糟糕的是), I had an
accident the other day, hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. If I take a long walk, I get
short of breath. In fact, I feel more dead than alive.
上面语段中，作者用层层递进的方式描述了自己的不幸遭遇，感到生不如死。to make things
worse 和 to crown it all，清楚地表现了这种层递关系。
4)转折关系转折关系指句子间意义表达发生转折，常用于进行对比、对照。例如：
Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual. A clone is an organism which is
genetically identical to another one. But it's now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in
experiences and upbringing.(克隆技术通过提取单个细胞的DNA来创造出一个完整的新个体。克隆体在基
因上与另一个有机体是相同的。然而，现在可以确定的是，由于经历和成长环境的不同，没有哪个克隆
体是一丝不差的复制品。)
又例如：
It's tempting to see the life of a journalist as glamorous and exciting, but as with any other occupation, there
is a lot of hard work and routine activity. It also depends on what kind of publication you work for. However, each
day is different and you will cover a wide range of news stories and features.
5）总分关系
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象，后面的句子紧接着分别他们加以说明。这种组织方式
使语段前后呼应，彼此配合，意义表达条理分明。例如：
Friends come in many flavors. There are best friends, school friends, fair-weather friends ( 顺 境 朋
友), forever friends and many more. Best friends are friends with whom you spend a lot of time and with whom
you share all your thoughts and feelings. School friends are different: you see each other in school and you study
and have fun together, but you may not know everything about each other. Fair-weather friends are friends who
only like you when you are happy or when you are popular. If you are feeling down, or if you are having a
problem, fair-weather friends don't want to spend time or talk with you. Forever friends are friends that will
always listen to you and try to help you, even if you disagree or if you are having a problem.
这一语段首先提出“朋友有许多种”，然后分别对 best friends，school friends，fair-weather
friends 和 forever friends 进行解释和说明。
6) 解释关系
解释关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证，从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生
动，更有说服力。例如：
Do you know that the average person puts only 25% of his energy and ability into his work? That means
those who use 50% of their ability really stand out from the rest. And the very few who actually give their full
100% of strength and smarts to their work become the most successful. Many people want the greener grass, but
they don't want to pay the higher water bill to get it!
普通人在工作或学习中只投入了25%的精力和能力。根据这一论断，作者进行了引申和阐释：投入
50%就会出类拔萃，投入100%就会最成功。最后告诫普通人：草坪要比别家更加翠绿，就要比别人承担
更多水费。
7) 因果关系
因果关系指句子之间在逻辑上存在因果联系。在排列方式上，既可以采用前因后果，也可以采用前
果后因。例如：
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something out of nothing. An advertisement which
begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but
free cars, free houses, and free trips around the world as well.
又例如：
The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City born and city bred (城里生，城里长), I have
always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window or something you occasionally visitduring the weekend.
8)比拟关系
比拟关系指把深奥抽象的事物比喻为浅显易懂、具体生动的事物。从而达到深入浅出、通俗易懂、
形象生动的表达效果。例如：
The surface of the earth is like the skin of an orange, which cannot be spread out flat unless it is torn into
strips. That is why flat maps of the whole earth always distort its appearance.
此段把较为抽象的地球表面比拟成人们熟悉的橘子皮，形象地说明了为什么平面地图难以展示地球
的真正地貌。
又例如：
Mercy brings good. Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth. It is twice blessed: It blesses
those who give it, and those who receive it. It's the highest of the highest. We should learn to show mercy to
others.（宽恕带来善意。宽恕像一场从细雨，从天空飘向大地。它是双倍的赐福:既护佑宽恕他人的人,也
护佑受到宽恕的人。这是至高无上的美德。我们应该学会宽恕别人。）
【典例1】【2023年1月·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on
a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as
pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. ____36____
But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good
idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可
知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D
项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。设空处和前面是层递
关系。
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 ， but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to
seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术，空后一句表示“远距离的友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持”，再根据空后的转折连词 but可知，设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系，故 F项(通
过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感)符合语境。
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-
floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked.37.There
was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des
portes，” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【解析】本题为段中过渡句。根据空后提示词So可知，空处与空后一句之间为因果关系。空前一句提到“我
和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空后一句提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位
于六楼的公寓”，因此F项(我们的目的是看看在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活)说明了作者在巴
黎租住公寓的原因，符合本段语境。（2023·山东师范大学附属中学高三6月试题）
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty? 1 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the
negatives (a half-empty one)? Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism —
and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more positively.
2
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when
faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe
that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were
overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 3 It’s like a fire alarm,” says
child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to
face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you.
4 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing
guitar, having passed your next grade. 5
A．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B．This question makes you lost in thought.
C．Why is thinking positively good for you?
D．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．D
【文章大意】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。
1．根据前文“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty?(你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的?)”以及后文“Do they focus
on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one)?(他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极
的一面(半空的杯子)?)”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释，前句是做什么用的，所以G项“This saying is often used
to test people’s outlook in a situation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，其中This saying
指代前文那句话。故选G项。
2．分析设空，可知是本段的小标题，是对本段的概括，根据下文“Research shows that people who are optimistic
and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more
pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.(研究表明，乐观
和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认为最坏的事情会发生)
可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所以C项“Why is thinking
positively good for you?(为什么积极思考对你有好处?)”符合文意。故选C项。
3．根据前文“Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe—if you were never worriedand were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心
可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了
担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worrying is like a fire alarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知E项“Worrying is our brain
warning us of something threatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复
现。故选E项。
4．根据前文“Optimism is shaped by your genes, which carry characteristics inherited from your parents, and by what
happens to you.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及
后文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive —for example, an image of you
playing guitar, having passed your next grade. (研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的
画面，已经通过了下一个等级)”可知，F项“However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.(然而，无
论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
5．分析设空，谓语段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以根据前文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an
outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade.(研究表明，画或写一
个积极的结果是有帮助的——比如，你弹吉他的画面，通过了下一个等级)”可知，前文讲述想象积极的结果是有帮
助的，所以D项“Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.(想象这个可以激励你致力于去实现它)”符合
文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
How to Stop Laughing at Inappropriate Times
Although laughing at inappropriate times can be embarrassing, it’s actually a natural reaction for some people when
they’re facing a highly stressful situation. When you can’t stop laughing, you can deal with it instead.
____36____ It takes time to learn how to prevent your tendency to laugh, but distraction is an easy way to stop
yourself, in the meantime. Try one of these options for shifting your thoughts away from what’s setting off your laughter.
Identify what makes you laugh inappropriately. Do you laugh out of nervousness, or do you laugh to deal with painful
feelings? Maybe you laugh because you have a lot of energy or have trouble finding the words you want to say.
____37____
Choose replacement behavior for the laughter. ____38____ For example, nod, lick (舔) your lips, exhale (呼气)
slowly, or click a pen. What you decide to replace your laughter with depends on the circumstances that are causing your
laughter. For example, you may laugh nervously during work meetings. If this is the case, click your pen instead of
laughing.
Create a plan for replacing your laughter. ____39____ Reviewing your plan in your mind makes it more likely that
you’ll be able to follow through.
Practice mindfulness (冥思). ____40____ Besides, it helps keep you aware of your surroundings. This, in turn, can
help prevent laughing caused by distracting thoughts.
A．It’s not easy to learn mindfulness.B．Distract yourself from your urge to laugh.
C．What proves appropriate when you behave yourself?
D．What can you do instead of laughing nervously?
E．Practicing mindfulness can help keep you present.
F．Whatever your reasons for laughing, write down when your laughter is causing you issues.
G．Since you know what’s making you laugh and what you can do instead, tell yourself to follow through with the new
behavior.
【答案】36．B 37．F 38．D 39．G 40．E
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在不适当的时候停止笑的五种方法。
36．根据后文“It takes time to learn how to prevent your tendency to laugh, but distraction is an easy way to stop
yourself, in the meantime. Try one of these options for shifting your thoughts away from what’s setting off your laughter.(学
习如何防止你笑的倾向是需要时间的，但与此同时，分散注意力是阻止你自己的一种简单方法。试试下面这些方
法，把你的思绪从引起你大笑的事情上移开。)”可知，本段主要谈论的是分散你想笑的冲动。所以选择项
B“Distract yourself from your urge to laugh. (分散你想笑的冲动。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
37．根据本段主题句“Identify what makes you laugh inappropriately.(找出让你笑得不恰当的原因。)”与该空前的句
子“Maybe you laugh because you have a lot of energy or have trouble finding the words you want to say. (也许你笑是因
为你精力充沛，或者很难找到想说的话。)”可知，空处应该是找出笑得不恰当的原因。所以选择项F“Whatever
your reasons for laughing, write down when your laughter is causing you issues. (无论你笑的原因是什么，写下你的笑是
什么时候引起你的问题。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
38．根据本段主题句“Choose replacement behavior for the laughter.(选择替代笑的行为。)”与该空后的句子“For
example, nod, lick your lips, exhale slowly, or click a pen. (例如，点头，舔嘴唇，慢慢呼气，或者点击笔。)”可知，空
处应该是指出如何代替笑的行为。所以选择项D“What can you do instead of laughing nervously? (你能做什么来代替
紧张地笑？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
39．根据本段主题句“Create a plan for replacing your laughter.(制定一个计划来取代你的笑声。)”可知，本段主要介
绍要制定一个计划来取代你的笑声，该空后“Reviewing your plan in your mind makes it more likely that you’ll be able
to follow through. (在脑海中回顾你的计划会让你更有可能坚持到底。)”介绍了要回顾自己的计划，这说明空处应该
是制定计划一部分，即要告诉自己坚持自己行为，然后才会回顾自己的计划，G“Since you know what’s making you
laugh and what you can do instead, tell yourself to follow through with the new behavior. (既然你知道什么让你发笑，除
此之外你还能做什么，那就告诉你自己坚持新的行为。)”和下文是顺承关系，同时“Since you know what’s making
you laugh and what you can do instead”呼应了第三段和第四段的内容。故选G。
40．根据该空后的句子“Besides, it helps keep you aware of your surroundings.(此外，它还能帮助你了解周围的环
境。)”可知，此处是冥思的好处，由Besides可知，空处和下文是并列关系，也应介绍冥思的好处。所以选择项
E“Practicing mindfulness can help keep you present. (练习冥思可以帮助你保持现状。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
2. [2023·湖北省十一校第二次联考]
If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is to “be
positive!” ____1____ .
Of course, developing a positive attitude is easier said than done -it doesn’t come naturally to everyone. When you’re
feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer
than those who have a more negative approach to life. So, maybe once you think of a longer life, ____2____
The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as stress impactson the immune system, ____3____. Professor Lewina Lee from Boston University said: “Our findings speak to the
possibility that raising levels of optimism may promote longevity and healthy aging. ”And she advises that pessimists could
benefit from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work for you?
Every bean has its black. ____4____ Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the negative parts of
our lives.
____5____. Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective”. Pippa Kennedy
says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and meditation as well as staying fit to help
maintain a positive outlook on life.
A．Accepting this helps us control our emotions
B．Accept it and make efforts to improve yourself
C．it’s possible that optimists better handle infections
D．But having this mindset could have many benefits
E．But it could help you have a positive outlook on life
F．it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on life
G．People have their personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。保持乐观的生活态度有助于你长寿和控制情绪等好处以及保持乐观的生活态度
的几点建议。
1．D根据上文“If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is
to “be positive!” (如果你晚上睡得不好，或者你有太多事情要做，你最不想被告知的就是“保持积极！”)”并结合
下文介绍保持乐观的心态可以让你长寿, 更容易控制情绪和减少压力等好处可知，虽然不想被告知要“保持积极”，
但事实上“保持积极”这种心态有很多好处。D项“But having this mindset could have many benefits(但拥有这种心
态会有很多好处)”符合题意，承上启下。故选D。
2．F空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found
that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer than those who have a more negative approach to life. So,
maybe once you think of a longer life, (当你情绪低落时，很难乐观。但一项研究发现，乐观主义者比消极主义者更
有可能长寿。所以，也许一旦你想到长寿)”可知，虽然情绪低落时很难保持乐观，但一想到乐观可以长寿，这可能
鼓励我们看生活积极的一面，对生活充满希望。F项“it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on
life(它可能会鼓励你对生活有更大的希望)”符合题意，选项和上句是明显的因果关系。故选F。
3．C根据上文“The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as
stress impacts on the immune system,(研究得出的结论是，乐观主义者可能会发现更容易控制情绪，压力更小。随着
压力对免疫系统的影响)”推知，空处应陈述当压力影响免疫系统时，乐观主义者更擅长处理由此引起的疾病或不适
症状。C项“it’s possible that optimists better handle infections(乐观主义者有可能更好地处理感染)”符合题意，与上
文衔接自然，infections呼应上文的immune system。故选C。
4．A根据上文“But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work
for you? Every bean has its black.(但如果你是一个“半空的杯子”类型的人，那么透过玫瑰色的眼镜看世界对你有
用吗?人人都有缺点)”和下文“Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the negative parts of our
lives.(有些人说，最好是庆祝我们生活中积极的一面，而忽略我们生活中消极的部分)”可知，人人都有缺点，我们
应该庆祝生活中积极的一面。由此可知，我们应该接受人都不完美，这样能控制好自己的情绪，在更大程度上做
一个积极的人。A项“Accepting this helps us control our emotions(接受这一点有助于我们控制自己的情绪)”符合题意，this指代上文的“Every bean has its black.”。故选A。
5．G空处位于段首，是本段主旨句。根据下文“Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps
things in perspective”. Pippa Kennedy says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and
meditation as well as staying fit to help maintain a positive outlook on life.(Vicki Siska 说：“音乐滋养着我的灵魂，幽
默感让事情保持正确的视角。”Pippa Kennedy：“要感激你所拥有的！”其他人建议做瑜伽、冥想以及保持健康，
以帮助保持积极的人生观)”可知，本段主要介绍人们对如何保持乐观态度的个人建议。G项“People have their
personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life(人们对保持积极的生活方式有自己的个人建议)”可以作为本段主
旨句，下文是对本句的举例说明。故选G。
3. [2023·安徽省、云南省、吉林省、黑龙江省适应性测试]
There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want
to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. ____1____
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species
shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. ____2____ Many species could well disappear
completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions
of years.
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish
take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. ____3____ The average size of such fish also declined,
with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce
more offspring than small ones.
____4____ The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and
herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing
industry. ____5____ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food
security.
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.
C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。
1．G根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters
of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说
明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G。
2．D 根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98
percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它
们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers
have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D。
3．C根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57
percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small
ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往
比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁
殖率非常低”切题。故选C。
4．E 根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and
herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁
鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖
速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E。
5．A根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文
为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A。
4. [2023·山东省潍坊市3月学科核心素养测评]
Have you ever wondered why most people prefer to book accommodations that have a great view from the balcony?
Frank Lloyd Wright says, “Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature. ____1____.”
It’s no secret that closing to nature is good for creative minds. Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted
attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving. ____2____: As part of her daily
writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually
returning to work. I would argue that this habit isn’t just a habit but an intentional, necessary element of her creative
process. Actually, unique ideas come from the contact with nature.
Forest bathing is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan. It was developed in 1982, and recent studies
demonstrate that being in the forest and walking among the trees lower your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that
forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan. ____3____. Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning
also improves your wellbeing.
____4____! In a series of experiments published in 2021, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied
the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to
the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw
less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.
A walk in nature walks the soul back home. ____5____? Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be
present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a
puddle.
A．It will never fail you
B．A famous-person example
C．We can find the answer easily
D．What’s a good chance to get to nature
E．So why not engage more closely with nature
F．Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind
G．But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了走进自然对人的好处，以及呼吁大家更亲近自然。
1．A根据前文“Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature.(研究自然，热爱自然，亲近自然)”可知，此处是引用
名人的话，所以空处应是对前文下结论，所以A项“It will never fail you(它永远不会让你失望)”符合文意，其中it
代指前文提到的Nature。故选A。2．B根据前文“Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted attention circuits, which can then help us be more
open to creativity and problem-solving.(科学家们一致认为，在大自然中可以恢复耗尽的注意力回路，从而帮助我们
更有创造力和解决问题的能力)”以及后文“As part of her daily writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take
a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually returning to work.(作为她日常写作的一部分，畅销书作家
JK。罗琳早上会在附近的小溪边散步，然后再回去工作)”可知，空前是本段的结论，空后是通过举例来证明，所
以空处应是B项“A famous-person example(一个名人的例子)”符合文意。故选B。
3．G 根据前文“The effects are so powerful that forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan.(森林浴
的效果如此之强，以至于日本政府现在支持森林浴的政策)”以及后文“Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning
also improves your wellbeing.(在阳光明媚的早晨在树林里散步也能改善你的健康)”可知，本段在讲述森林浴的好处，
但结尾时只说在树林里散步也能改善你的健康，所以中间有转折，故G项“But you don’t have to live near a forest to
receive the psychological benefits(但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处)”符合文意，能承上启下。故选G。
4．F 分析设空，空处位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“In a series of experiments published in 2021,
researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be
generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted
more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be
due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.(在2021年发表的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员
研究了大自然对慷慨、信任和帮助他人的意愿的潜在影响。在看到更美丽的自然场景后，参与者比那些看到不那
么美丽的场景的人表现得更慷慨，更信任游戏，这种效果似乎是由于积极情绪的相应增加)”可知，本段主要讲述了
自然会使人表现得更慷慨，更加友好。所以F项“Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind(有趣的是，大自然可
能会帮助你变得善良)”符合文意。故选F。
5．E根据前文“A walk in nature walks the soul back home.(在大自然中漫步，灵魂回到了家)”以及后文“Turn off
your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the
way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle.(关掉手机，给自己一个融入世界的机会，去倾听对话和自然的
声音，去注意人们移动的方式，去注意阳光反射在水坑里的方式)”可知此处是在呼吁大家走进自然中去，所以E项
“So why not engage more closely with nature(那么，为什么不更亲近自然呢)”符合本段主题，且起到过渡作用。故
选E。
5.（2023·广东省揭阳市普宁市联考试题）
Recycling is good for our planet, but it can be confusing. Can I recycle plastic bags? What about pizza cartons?
Toothpaste tubes? Which bin should I use? There are so many questions, and more than half of Americans are unsure about
how to recycle. 6 Here’s a handy four-step guide on how to recycle effectively:
Know what to put in the recycling bin. Keep it simple and focus on the most commonly recycled items, such as
paper, glass, aluminum and plastic. 7 Don’t use the recycled symbol as a guide. “The number on the container is
really for people to identify the type of resin (树脂). That’s not helpful for the common consumer,” said Cody Marshall, a
strategist at nonprofit Recycling Partnership.
8 It is really important to know what you cannot put in your bin. You can always check with your city or at
BeRecycled.org. If you live in the US, just plug in your postcode to search. Recycling companies struggle with the same
problem items: hoses (软管), cords, needles and clothing, according to Marshall, so don’t put those items in your bin.
Wash or clean items. Do a quick clean to make sure there is no food left in containers before you put them in the bin.
9 Save food for composting (堆肥) in your garden.
Don’t bag it. Unless you live in a place that requires it, like New York City, keep the recyclables lost in the bin. “A lot
of the time, it’s not safe for our employees to tear those bags open, or it takes too much time,” said Keller. “ 10 ”A．Know what is not recyclable.
B．The answers are not hard to find.
C．A lot of bagged stuff goes right to the landfill.
D．Plastic bags can be used again or returned to grocery stores.
E．If you really don’t know if an item is recyclable, then just throw it in the garbage.
F．This is really important if you only use one bin because food items could ruin paper.
G．Hard plastics like water and soft drink bottles or anything like these can be recycled.
【答案】6．B 7．G 8．A 9．F 10．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效回收的4个步骤：知道要把什么放进回收箱；知道什么是
不可回收的；扔垃圾之前清理出食物残留；不要把垃圾装袋。
6．前文“There are so many questions, and more than half of Americans are unsure about how to recycle.(有这么多的问
题，超过一半的美国人不确定如何回收)”提及了回收时有太多问题令人困扰，后文“Here’s a handy four-step guide
on how to recycle effectively(以下是有效回收垃圾的四步指南)”则说到有效回收的4个步骤。由此推知，设空句作为
中间过渡句，应是与前文在句意逻辑上构成转折，且引出后文内容。B项“The answers are not hard to find.(答案不
难找到)”的“The answers”对应前文“questions”，句意上与前文构成转折，且可引出后文内容，用在文中可承前启
后，符合语境。故选B项。
7．根据主题句“Know what to put in the recycling bin.(知道该把什么放在回收箱里)”可知，该段主要讲述可回收物
品，G项“Hard plastics like water and soft drink bottles or anything like these can be recycled.(硬塑料，如水瓶和软饮
料瓶或类似的任何东西，都可以回收)”介绍的是可回收的物品，贴合该段主题，符合语境。故选G项。
8．设空句为该段主题句。根据后文“It is really important to know what you cannot put in your bin.(知道哪些东西不能
放进垃圾桶是很重要的)”可知，本段介绍的是不可回收的物品。选项A“Know what is not recyclable.(知道什么是不
可回收的)”可作该段主题句。故选A项。
9．前文“Do a quick clean to make sure there is no food left in containers before you put them in the bin.(在你把容器放
进垃圾桶之前，快速清理一下，确保容器里没有食物残留)”提及要将食物残留清理出来，那么，设空句应解释这样
做的原因。选项F“This is really important if you only use one bin because food items could ruin paper.(如果你只用一个
垃圾桶，这一点非常重要，因为食物会破坏纸张)”解释了原因，符合语境。故选F项。
10．前文“A lot of the time, it’s not safe for our employees to tear those bags open, or it takes too much time(很多时候，
我们的员工撕开这些袋子是不安全的，或者需要花费太多时间)”提及袋装垃圾有危害性或浪费时间。由此推知，设
空句应讲述为了安全或不浪费时间，袋装垃圾的去处。选项C“A lot of bagged stuff goes right to the landfill.(很多袋
装的东西直接被扔进了垃圾填埋场)”讲到了袋装垃圾不会经过人工处理，直接被扔进了填埋场，符合语境。故选C
项。
6.（2023·湖南省长沙一中高三试题）
In the face of wildlife loss and habitat destruction, it’s easy to feel powerless to improve. But any action you take, no
matter how small, will help restore the world to its natural balance. Here are 4 things you can do to help wildlife.
Think twice before landscaping.
16 But unless you’re confronting a genuine safety issue, remember that what’s unpleasant to you is sweet home
to squirrels, birds, worms and other animals that you might not even know are there. If you must landscape your yard, do so
in a way that won’t drive away native wildlife.
Keep your cats indoors.
It’s ironic that many people who claim to love wildlife have no problem allowing their cats to roam freely outside. Catsare animals, too. 17 Outdoor cats, however, don’t think twice about killing wild birds. In case you’re thinking about
“warning” the birds by attaching a bell to your cat’s collar, don’t bother: Birds have an inborn tendency to flee loud,
startling noises, not jingling pieces of metal.
Don’t feed any animals but birds.
That deer that wanders into your backyard might look hungry and helpless. 18 Giving food to animals
accustoms them to human contact, but not all human beings are as warmhearted as you are. Feeding wild birds, on the other
hand. is OK as long as you don’t have outdoor cats and you provide a meal in keeping with the bird’s natural diet. 19
Clean up litter (not only your own).
If you’re concerned about protecting wildlife, you know better than to litter. But it’s not enough to keep your own yard
or picnic area clean. You should go the extra mile and pick up cans and bottles left by other people. 20
A．Choose nuts and seeds rather than processed bread.
B．It seems cruel to keep them shut up inside the house.
C．However, if you feed it, you won’t be doing it any favors.
D．Most people don’t want wild animals to destroy their roses.
E．Smal animals can easily get trapped in or injured by this litter.
F．If you have the space, establishing a “mini meadow (草地)” as a border or boundary area is another effective way
to attract birds, as well as beneficial insects.
G．If you have just purchased a house or a piece of land, you might be tempted to chop (砍) down unsightly trees.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．E
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了帮助野生动物，你可以做到的四件事。
【详解】16. 此句是第二段的段首句，其作用应该是引出本段小标题要表达的意思。结合小标题“Think twice
before landscaping.(在改造之前要三思。)”与最后一句“If you must landscape your yard, do so in a way that won’t drive
away native wildlife.(如果你必须改造你的院子，以不会赶走本地野生动物的方式来做。)”可知，本段是建议大家在
改造住所（landscape v.）时，要考虑到对周围野生动植物的影响，由下文“But unless you’re confronting a genuine
safety issue, remember that what’s unpleasant to you is sweet home to squirrels, birds, worms and other animals that you
might not even know are there. (但是，除非你面对的是真正的安全问题，否则请记住，对你来说不愉快的东西却是
松鼠、鸟类、蠕虫和其他你可能不知道存在的动物的甜蜜家园。)”可知，上下文是转折关系。G选项“如果你刚买
了房子或者一块地，你可能会忍不住去砍倒那些难看的树木。”符合，其中的“chop down unsightly trees”就是
landscape的具体做法，故选G。
17. 后一句“Outdoor cats, however, don’t think twice about killing wild birds.(然而，在家门以外的猫对于捕杀鸟类毫
不仁慈)”指出把猫放出去它们会吃野生动物，由however可知，前后句子是转折关系，选项B“把它们关在屋子里
似乎很残忍。”符合，虽然把猫关在屋子似乎很残忍，但是如果放出来，它们会吃掉野生动物，且选项中keep
them shut up inside the house呼应本段标题“Keep your cats indoors.(把你的猫关在屋里。)”，故选B。
18. 根据本段小标题“Don’t feed any animals but birds.(除了鸟，不要喂任何动物。)”可知要保护动物，我们就要克
制住给野生动物喂食的想法，结合前一句“That deer that wanders into your backyard might look hungry and helpless.
(跑到你家后院来的野生鹿看起来很饿很无助)”可知，跑到你家后院来的野生鹿看起来很饿很无助，但是也不应该
喂它们，C项“ 但是，如果你喂它，你就不会对它有任何好处。”符合，呼应本段主题，故选C。
19. 此处前一句说“Feeding wild birds, on the other hand is OK as long as you don’t have outdoor cats and you provide a
meal in keeping with the bird’s natural diet. (另一方面，喂养野生鸟类是可以的，只要你在户外没有猫，你提供一餐
符合鸟的自然饮食就是可以打。)”给野生鸟类喂养与它们食谱中一致的食物是可以的，那就意味着尽量给它们喂食纯天然未经加工的东西，A项“ 选择坚果和种子而不是加工过的面包。”符合，故选A。
20. 此段的小标题“Clean up litter (not only your own).(清理垃圾（不仅仅是你自己的）。)”告诉我们，要保护野生
动植物，我们要做的不仅是随时清理自己产生的垃圾，上文“You should go the extra mile and pick up cans and
bottles left by other people. (你应该多走一段路，捡起别人留下的易拉罐和瓶子。)”指出我们要捡起别人留下的易拉
罐和瓶子，空处承接上文，指出这么做的原因，即能保护野生动物，E项“小动物很容易被这些垃圾困住或受
伤。”符合，故选E。
真题感知
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve
put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
●Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may
be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36. You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how
far you’ve come.
●Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint
still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37.
●Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38. Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to
the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a
month and post the works online.
●39. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of
artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40. Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You
will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了开始艺术之旅的好建议。
36.C 根据空前“These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the
future.”以及空后“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.(你会想回顾自己的历程,看看自
己走了多远。)”可知,C项(不要丢掉你作为初学者时的艺术作品。)符合文意,能引出下文。
37.G 根据本段中心句“Paint often and paint from life.”可知,作者建议经常练习画画,而且要多写生。G项(你只有通
过重复练习才能培养出绘画的肌肉记忆。)符合文意。
38.A 根据本段中心句“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”可知,本段建议不断挑战自己、尝试新事物。根据空后“Artistic growth can be a bit painful… taking on challenges.”可知A项(离开你的舒适区。)符合文意。
39.D 本空为段落中心句。根据前后段中心句可知,应用祈使句形式。根据空后“Seeking and accepting constructive
feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn… ”可知,寻求和接受有建设性的反馈对
于成长至关重要。作者把作品分享到社交媒体上,遇到了一些非常善良的人。因此本段建议分享作品,D项(分享你的
作品,如果你觉得这样做舒服的话。)符合段意。
40.E 根据空前句“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.”可知,你所经历的艺术之旅不会一帆风顺。E
项(你会遇到障碍,有时会感到沮丧。)承接上文,符合文意。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on
a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as
pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
____36____ But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the
details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.
____37____ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one. ____38____ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a
disaster. ____39____ Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. ____40____ Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the
window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it
takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re
going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good
idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可
知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D
项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的
票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.(这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找
到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前
后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in
particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车
厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列
车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a
disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文
“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，
不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait
longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”
符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds
in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，
用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时
间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A
项。
3.[2023·全国乙卷]
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the
home. 36. , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物
种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter. 37. .
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says, “38. . I find during the winter months, plants
around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve
creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing
harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39. .
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from
supermarkets,garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them
as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “40. ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and
focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmerE.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物。
36.B 该空格为前半句,根据后半句“…but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving
their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.”可知,本空应介绍室内植物带来的好处。B项(它们不仅看
起来漂亮)引出下文,符合文意。B项中not only和空后but为固定搭配。
37.D 根据空前句“Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the
winter.”可知,这些物种中有许多并不适合在英国户外生长,尤其是在冬天。D项(相反,它们在更温暖的室内生长得更
好)承接上文,符合文意。
38.C 根据空后内容“‘…plants around the house can really lift your mood.’ Several studies have backed this up and
found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean
the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from
paints or cooking.”可知,室内植物可以提高情绪,同时能改善创造力、专注力和记忆力,去除有害气体,去除一些有害的
化学物质,这些都是在室内种植植物的好处。C项(在室内种植植物有很多好处)可以引出下文。
39.E 根据空前句“They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,室内植物也可以从油漆或
烹饪中去除一些有害化学物质。E项“像和平百合和魔鬼藤这样的植物是最好的”承接上文,符合文意。
40.G 空前句“…you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.”介绍的是照顾室内
植物的事。空后句“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and
nature.”具体介绍了了解每种植物要求所带来的益处,体现了G项中的“rewarding”。故G项(了解每种植物的要求可
能是非常有益的)符合上下文语境。
4.2022年新高考I卷
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was:
“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___36___” With a
workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move
with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful
response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted
to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her
favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner
will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you
will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was:
“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢
健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈
述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起
训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文
“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移
动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better
athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful
response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on
working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身
房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she
wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed
her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。
她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她
最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告
所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布
告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【40题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文
“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically
fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，
一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，
学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
5.2022年1月浙江卷
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every
day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like towork with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find
ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in
your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can
save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour
here or there.
Lighten up.
.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep
refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big
way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】
上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of
every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每
一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题
可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of
your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你
充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you
is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事
情去做，D 项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make
choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
【13题详解】
上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地
试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下
文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起
享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合
语境。故选C。
【14题详解】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new
ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a
new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会
认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时
间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但
总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落
标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是
一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清
单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just
because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.(
在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存
在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
6.2022年1月浙江卷
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every
day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to
work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find
ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in
your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can
save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour
here or there.
Lighten up.
.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep
refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big
way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。【11题详解】
上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of
every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每
一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题
可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of
your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你
充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you
is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事
情去做，D 项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make
choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
【13题详解】
上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地
试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下
文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起
享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合
语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new
ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a
new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会
认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时
间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但
总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落
标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是
一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清
单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just
because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.(
在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存
在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
7.2021年新高考I卷
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive
sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked.
____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That
is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of
weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead,
they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I
bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best
fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
.
You can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French
take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of
companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；
其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活
品质。
【36题】上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文
“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第
一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；
根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度
上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
【37题】上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的
中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen
and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
【38题】上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文
“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝
起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国
的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that
you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选
G项。
【39题】第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were
the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要 18美
元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国
人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的
少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
【40题】根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this bycafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国
的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these
people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客
人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大
部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。
8.2021年新高考II卷
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very
much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the
book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether
you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of
time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history
book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former
case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as
anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page
number and one or two words as a reminder.
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter
very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就
会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help
improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒
服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid
feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes
looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要
读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will
be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅
读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决
于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强
调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记
下来。）符合语境。故选E。
9.2021年全国甲卷
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount
of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for
the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your
bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a
party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is
had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to choose from;
more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room
so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must
try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't forget to put
out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体
的流程。
【16题】根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piledon your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服
呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from
your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方
法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方
法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种
处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好
的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it
becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于
一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一
定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人
数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题】根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还
应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”
准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明
去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文
中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
【19题】根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房
间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things
look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的
意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项
“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按
照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题】上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。
也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And
don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派
对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内
容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形
成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
10.2021年全国乙卷
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner
party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the
main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for
a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can
bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes
in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___.And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner
party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just
quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题】根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不
难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be
adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，
和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项
“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题】根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people
who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我
和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好
的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get
here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
【38题】根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能
拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为
了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项
“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正
是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题】根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If
you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果
你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，
只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可
知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”
是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40 题】根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets
everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的
方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely
delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，
宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person whois feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G
项
11.2021年北京卷
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____1____ The mental health benefits
from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
____2____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心）
the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less
pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____3____While the validity of the idea is
still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，
listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of
stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo
that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers
monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____4____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants'
stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
___5____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is
what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】1. F 2. B 3. D 4. G 5. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
1. F空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选
项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental
health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
2. B空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，
当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some
experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
3. D空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些
轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相
呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
4. G空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and
blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，
the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选
项切合题意，故选G。5. E空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is
what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的
原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really
impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
12.2021年6月浙江卷
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored
picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you
never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls,
however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who
have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217
registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has almost
turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication
language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in
Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common language is required and in
postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many postcrossing
members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。Paulo
Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立
了postcrossing.com。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交
流。
11. G上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a
brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程
师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或
者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“... and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他
身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from
someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，
总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。12. A上文““I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a
while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片，
”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜
欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此
选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。
13. E上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to
575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成
了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名
注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到
3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。
14. F上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't
understand it.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收
到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of
the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语
言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。
15. B上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些
人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“... who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.
(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这使
得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。
故选B项。
2021年1月浙江卷
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the
line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the
parking lot. ___11___
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.
___12___Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability:____13____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a
serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___14___This is what they do at most
banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who
lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____15____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】11. A 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利
弊。
11. A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你
的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格
处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12. G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模
式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire
line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描
述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13. D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中
有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is
moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都
有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14. F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理
这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at
one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed
up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不
会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅
速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
15. B 结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了
一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一
条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。