考点15阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）_阅读理解

考点 15 阅读理解
阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
词义猜测之猜测词义
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in 猜测单词的意
卷]C Paragraph 3 mean? 思
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in 猜测短语的意
卷]C Paragraph 2 mean? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that 猜测短语的意
卷】B bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in 猜测单词的意
卷】C paragraph 2 refer to? 思
[2023·全国甲卷]B 24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in 猜测短语的意
Paragraph 1?
思
[2023·全国乙卷]D 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” 猜测单词的意
in Paragraph 3 refer to?
思
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 7? 思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 3 refer to? 思
2022 年新高考全国 24．What do the underlined words “hit home 猜测短语的意
Ⅱ卷 for me” mean in paragraph 2? 思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the 猜测短语的意
plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? 思
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! 猜测单词的意
Safe!” probably mean? 思
2021 年新高考 I 卷 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” 猜测单词的意
之C篇 mean in the first paragraph? 思
2021 年全国乙卷之 25. What does the underlined word “concede” 猜测单词的意
B篇 in paragraph 3 mean? 思
2021年新高考II卷 25. What do the underlined words “get up to 猜测短语的意
之B篇 mischief” mean in paragraph 3? 思2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中猜测词义的考点考查了14次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章部分内容来猜测词义。猜测词义的考查类型：1.单个单词的意思；2.考查短语的意思；3.考查句子的
意思；4.考查代词的意思；5.考查熟词生意；6.考查生词生意。
【备考策略】系统归类猜测词义的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的猜测词义，考查考生推测词义的能力、培养学生整体把握文章内容，不拘泥于细节，对于
生词可以通过上下文理解其含义。因此，猜测词义还将在2024年高考中出现。
【2024年高考命题预测】
词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有猜测单词的意思题以考查
学生的猜测词义能力。预测在2024高考中，猜测单词的意思会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7?
2． What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
3． The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________?
4．What do the underlined words “......” probably mean?
规律方法 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已
知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
1. [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and
why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then
add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things
you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on
an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’
stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digitalminimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of
cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a
collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clear-up.
B.Add-on.
C.Check-in.
D.Take-over.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
29.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities
for thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过
介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in
San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and
prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles
will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows
what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least
intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a
computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for
humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a
string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the
symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social
memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why,
however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with
artificial intelligence.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
【答案】 29．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its
library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would
make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在
一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
3.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do
it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has
not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in
many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first
conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have
scientific reports and the captain􀆳s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that
day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things
to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies
such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half
of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
( )34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Problem.
B.History.
C.Voice.
D.Society.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,
文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
34.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“…all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.”可
知,我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的,只是单方面的,不是历史的全部真相;根据画线词所在句“If we are to find
the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知,如果我们想找到那个
“conversation”的另一半,我们不仅需要读文本,还需要读物品。由此可推知,画线词指的是“历史”,故选B项。
1.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period
just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become
static and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm?
Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm period
occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surroundingarea. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls
back down to ground level. As the air descends, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area,
it causes a calm period before the storm.
This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs
in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.First, count how many seconds there are
between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count
nine seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good evaluation is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should
seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded by calm. Given the right conditions, some
storms announce themselves with heavy rain and chilling winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your
area. That’s the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
28．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．violent B．quiet C．fast-changing D．warm
【答案】28．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对“暴风雨前的宁静”这一情况做出了科学的解释，说明了一种计算暴风雨距
离的窍门，并且提到实时更新天气预报才是预测天气最可靠的方法。
28．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation
or a tense argument.(它通常用来描述在一个非常紧张的情况或争论之前的一段平静的时期)”，以及划线词后的“the
winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm?(风力会减弱。但是为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢?)”可
知，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为“静止的”，故选B。
2.【河北省邯郸市十校联考】
Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of
metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on
the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy,
low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of
great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
“All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be
charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which
would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed
in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a
simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method,
researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin to
diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state
and larger energy density.14．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Charge. B．Develop.
C．Expand. D．Decrease.
【答案】14．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科廷大学(Curtin University)的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化
学物质和金属类型最适合用于储存和供应能源。
14．词义猜测题。根据前文“researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did
not ‘leak’ (研究人员发现，给手机充电60秒就能充满电，而且不会漏电)”和下文“for at least four days”可知，充满
电以后电量至少持续四天才开始“减少”。故选D项。
【词义猜测之猜测短语的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1.What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2?
2．Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2?
3．What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3?
4．What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph?
规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出
现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three
hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long
before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of
shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,
deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the
subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From
a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-
reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Understand.
B.Paint.
C.Seize.
D.Transform.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书
场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。
30.A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments…”可知,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能“relate to”的时刻。再根据第二段中
的“We see scenes of children learning to …”可推知,这些场景我们都很熟悉,因此也能理解,故画线部分“relate to”意
为“理解”。故选A项。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
【答案】24．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及
第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your
best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东
西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on
that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together
furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She
says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.
It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing
any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to
personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any
charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half
of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project
will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the
value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading
the charge.
( )24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Terri Bolton是怎样成为DIY高手的以及她是怎样从中受益的。文
章最后还说明了目前女性在DIY中占主导地位。
24.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays
someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知,Terri Bolton擅长搭架子和拼接家具,她从不付钱让别人做她自己能做
的工作。所以她在自己动手做东西的方面是专家。故选C。
4.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have
reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger
and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at
night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and
sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been givenfinancial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents
really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project
can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help
connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【答案】 10. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之
一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even
realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had
brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches
out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page
even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook
was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use
mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have
a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video
project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make
sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
【答案】4．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，
孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Manyyoung people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old
grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多
媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子
坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
1.【湖南省高三普通高中名校联考信息卷（模拟一）】
A few years ago, my husband Charlie and I had marital problems. Growing family responsibilities and financial
worries took a toll on us and we began arguing frequently, often late into the night.
However, neither of us could take the step that would end our eleven-year marriage and bring heartbreak to our three
young children. Deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out. Through countless
discussions, we began to close the gulf. The more honest we were, the closer we became.
When I felt we were reaching solid ground, I asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring”. It was not so
much the ring I wanted; it was the reassurance (保证) I thought it would bring.
We went shopping on a beautiful summer day. We walked hand in hand along a row of jeweler’s shops. Finally I found
a ring I liked. While waiting for it to be adjusted, the jeweler took my left hand and glanced at my engagement ring. “May I
clean it for you?” he asked. “It really doesn’t sparkle like it used to.” Charlie said as I slipped the ring off my finger. A few
minutes later the jeweler was back. The ring shone like new!
On the drive home, I didn’t take my eyes off it. I forgot all about the eternity ring. I just couldn’t believe how this old
ring suddenly sparkled the way it had the day Charlie gave it to me. I had taken it for granted these past years, but with a
little polish it could still make my heart beat fast.
And that’s the way it is with a marriage. You have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime (污垢) of
the passing years will hide the joy. I put my hand on the seat between us and spread my fingers. Charlie covered my hand
with his. I felt I was lucky to be able to see the sparkle in something gold when I thought I needed something new.
5．What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．free of trouble B．arriving at a square
C．wealthy and generous D．in good relationship
【答案】5．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和丈夫曾经有过婚烟问题，但双方均未想要离婚，而是努力解决双方之间
的问题。当作者提出和丈夫一起去买永恒戒指的时候，由戒指除垢感悟到平凡的婚烟也应该像戒指一样经常除垢，
让它重新生机勃勃。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Through countless discussions, we began to close the gulf. The more honest we
were, the closer we became.”可知，作者和丈夫解决了他们之间的问题，关系越来越融治。再根据画线部分所在句子
中的“I asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring””可推知，作者感觉她和丈夫的关系已经很好了，他们
已经和好如初了。故D项正确。
2.【辽宁省县级重点高中协作体高三下学期一模】
Take the wheel of an electric vehicle and prepare to be amazed. The latest technology is there, with tablet-like screens
instead of old-fashioned switches. Add falling price which makes owning and running many electric vehicles (short for
EV)as cheap as fossil-fuel alternatives, and the open road signals. Above all, the instant acceleration of battery power makes
driving easy and exciting.
EV should be recharged roughly every 250 miles. When you do find a public charging point, it is sometimesinaccessible, which causes “range anxiety”. It is one of the main reasons drivers give for not buying an EV. Who might
install them? Drivers will need a mix of fast "long distance" chargers installed near motorways and slower “top-up”
chargers available in the car parks of shopping centers, restaurants and so on. Dedicated charging firms and carmakers are
investing in infrastructure. Oil companies are putting chargers in petrol stations and buying charging companies.
Yet the charging business suffers from big problems. One is how to adjust between the planning authorities and grid
firms. Another is the cost. To start with, profits may be difficult to attain because the networks will not at first be heavily
used. A related risk is that the coverage will have gaps. And then there is the question of competing networks. Drivers
should be able to switch from one to the other without having to sign up to them all.
What to do? Government is experimenting. As well as funding EV sales, many are throwing cash at public chargers.
America's law sets aside $7.5 billion to create 500,000 public stations by 2030. Britain plans to require new building to
install chargers. Yet the problem of coverage and convenience will remain.
9．What does the underlined words "range anxiety" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The reason for drivers' not buying an EV.
B．The issue of who might install charging points.
C．The doubt of whether drivers can charge free in petrol stations.
D．The worry of drivers' not finding accessible public charging points.
【答案】9．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述电动汽车平稳的加速让行使更加有趣，但是电动车充电桩的问题引起了各
方面的不同态度。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“When you do find a public charging point, it is sometimes inaccessible, which cause
“range anxiety”.(当你确实找到了一个公共充电点时，有时候却不能用，这将会导致range anxiety)”可知，当寻找公
共充电点时，有时候找到的充电点却不能用，所以会导致司机们的担心，所以range anxiety的意思应该是“司机们
担心找到不适合的充电点”。故选D。
3.【山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模】
As the new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting whizzes and bangs to light up the sky. The
appeal of fireworks could fizzle out with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows, though.
Ollie Howitt, a leader of SkyMagic, which used a team of 300 drones to create a display for London’s new year
celebration last year, said demand had increased substantially. “We do think it’s going to be something that’s ever catching
on, as opposed to it being a short-lived sort of fashion people have suddenly got interested in. Drones are reusable and
there’s no fallout. In that sense they’re a very good, sustainable option,” she said.
But not everyone agrees. A spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose
environmental problems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have serious
concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’,” they said.
An RSPCA spokesperson said that while drones were a possible idea to try to reduce the impact of displays on animals,
there were downsides. “Drones are not without their own negative issues such as scaring horses or crashing into birds, and
can cause disturbance to animals and members of the public. It’s therefore important for their effects to be fully considered
and measures taken to minimize the chance of accidents,” they said.
Some express the opinion that the use of fireworks and drones don’t exclude each other. The sight, sound and
gunpowder smell of fireworks will always provide its own unique thrill.
“We find fireworks work really well when teamed up with drones. But we don’t really see it as a one-replacing-the-
other at all. We feel as if it’s just another tool in the chest for how you enliven the sky and what you want to do with theshow you’re putting on,” said Howitt, noting that while fireworks give a loud, emotive, big performance, drones offer the
chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of images.
8．What does the underlined phrase “fizzle out” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Catch on. B．Wind up.
C．Create an impact. D．Make a comeback.
【答案】8．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了将无人机用于灯光表演的优点与它可能给环境带来的影响，以及人们对
无人机灯光表演的态度。
8．词句猜测题。结合常识和第一段“The appeal of fireworks could fizzle out with the growing use of drones (无人机)
for light shows, though.(不过，随着无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花的吸引力可能会fizzle out)”中
“fireworks”和“the growing use of drones”可知，烟花表演与无人机的表演是有共性的，都属于夜空中的灯光秀，
因此，当无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花表演就减少或被替代，由此推知，划线短语与Wind up 意思相近，
意为“结束”。故选B项。
【词义猜测之猜测句子的意思考点指南】
常见的设问方式：
1．The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
2.By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
3.What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
规律方法4：如何解决猜测句意题？
此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对
原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思
与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。
【2019·浙江卷】
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,
a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all
ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which
created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the
bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who
had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain
feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took
only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and
sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you
can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这
个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这
里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
1.[河北省高三模拟调研卷（三）]
It was the first day of Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Coronavirus(冠状病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the
globe and everywhere there were feelings of uncertainty, fear, loneliness and even despair. "Social Distancing" had become
the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had been told to
work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered workshop where my oldest son worked had been closed until furl
her notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of sick
and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.
My own family was staying at home as much as possible and as I looked out my window I wondered how long this
crisis would last. It was then, however. that I saw something that lifted that weight off of my soul, made my face smile, and
made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from high school who was a
teacher there now. With him was my younger son s former aide from the high school as well. They were delivering the
school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck al home. Watching them made me think of something
everyone's childhood television neighbor. Mr. Roger's once said:“ In the bad times, always look for the helpers. ”
I have no doubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis before it have. But it is our choice on whether it brings out the best
in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use it to free yourself from fear. Use
it to grow kinder, more giving, and more loving. Become a helper to all those in need and you will be a happy person today
and in all the days to come.
14．What Mr. Roger said actually means ______.
A．in bad times we should watch mon TV programs
B．school lunches arc not easy to forget for many people
C．we should prepare more lunches for school children
D．people look forward to helping hands in bad times
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在新春来临之际，新型冠状病毒席卷全球。在这危难的时刻，作者欣喜地
看到街道上有人在挨家挨户地给困在家里饥饿的儿童送餐。作者认为，在危急的时刻，人们仍然掌握着选择权，
选择守望相助。
14．D句意猜测题。根据文章第二段Roger的这句话 “In the bad times, always look for the helpers.”再结合上下文，
疫情期间，人们相互帮助，可以推测，Roger的这句话意为“在危急的时刻，人们都应该互相帮助”。故选D。
2. 【四川省乐山市高中第一次调查研究考试】
One of Britain's few typical contributions to world culture may come to an end, according to a survey that suggests
holiday postcards are being emailed and texted into extinction（消亡）. More than half of the 1,000 holiday-makersinterviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic competitors.
A quarter of the respondents（受访者）dismissed postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14%
admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home. Although officially
invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in
Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the country excelled.
“If the British postcard did become extinct, we would lose for ever something of great importance to the nation," said
Chris Mottershead of Thomson Holidays, which charged with the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelou of Sussex
University, who has studied the importance of sending and receiving postcards. “Postcards are nothing like phone calls,
instant texting and direct photo shots via the mobile," she said. “All these are useful, practical devices, but postcards offer
something else, something additional that is not mundane（世俗的）and simply functional, but imaginative and personal.
They can produce the real atmosphere of your holiday in a way that nothing else can do. They're also for more than a
moment—with some people adding them to collections built up over years and years.”
Postcard-collecting, is third only to coins and stamps in Britain's related tradition of collecting things. The country's
uniquely postcard-related achievements include the invention in 1902 of the“divided back”. With the address taking up half
of the writing area, brief postcard scribbles（潦草的书写）became the forerunner to today's text messages.
9．What does the underlined phrase "was taken up with most enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Gained popularity. B．Took place. C．Came back. D．Went into service.
【答案】9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在英国，很多人选择不再发送明信片，而是选择电子发送方式。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the country
excelled”（它与哥特式建筑和风景园林一起成为该国的优秀领域。）可知，“the idea of illustrated cards”（插画概
念）成为优秀领域，很受欢迎，推测划线部分was taken up with most enthusiasm表示“很受欢迎”，与gained
popularity同义。故选A项。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届吉林省吉林市普通高中高三下学期第四次调研测】
Ancient Chinese paintings are always in a vivid state for the world to appreciate, interpret and pass on. Each signature
has the echo of history and the breathing of time.
When a scroll (卷轴) is opened, the art of painting is transformed into a living story, and the hidden history wakes up
from the painting. The Night Revels of Han Xizai is described as the earliest human “movie” with the last emperor of
Southern Tang as the “producer”, the painter Gu Hongzhong as the “cameraman“, and Han Xizai as the “leading actor”. It is
said that Han Xizai understood the suspicion of the emperor and the intention of the painter’s visit, so he staged a banquet
(宴会) with songs, dances and drinks to protect himself. Future generations would be able to feel the undeclared battles and
historical suspicions of the ruler and ministers of that era through this painting.
Then there is The Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy, which gives you the opportunity to step into
Zhenguan Period and watch the scene of Li Shimin, Emperor Tang Taizong, receiving Lu Dongzan in the palace.
The paintings are used as brushes to record history and have been passed down for thousands of years. They are
ancient paintings, as well as historical documents that can be read at any time. Each one of them is a parallel universe,allowing us to have a glimpse of those historical ups and downs.
People of later generations want to use advanced technology and innovative ideas to make history and its stories come
alive. Thus, at the 2022 Spring Festival gala, Only This Green, based on the painting A Thousand Li of Rivers and
Mountains, became a hit. We realize that pictures can not only be vivid on paper, but also can be alive in 3D．
Ancient paintings have been appreciated for over a thousand years, and the beauty of China is more than landscapes.
You can enjoy China in ancient paintings with a magnifying ( 放大 ) glass . Let’s enjoy the whispering of ancient paintings
and the sweetness of traditional culture in ancient scrolls.
4．Why is The Night Revels of Han Xizai mentioned?
A．To demonstrate a painting involves a true story.
B．To tell us the painting is the earliest movie in history.
C．To reveal the reason why Han Xizai held a banquet.
D．To show the relationship between rulers and ministers.
5．What does The Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy describe?
A．A palace party.
B．A festival celebration.
C．A political event.
D．A scene in daily life.
6．Why did “Only This Green” become a big hit?
A．It was based on an ancient Chinese painting.
B．It was a combination of technology and trend.
C．It was shown at the 2022 Spring Festival gala.
D．It made what is in the painting come to life.
7．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．A practical tool is a must when appreciating ancient paintings.
B．Ancient paintings are not well preserved due to too long a time.
C．The landscapes in ancient paintings prove to be from China.
D．A lot about Chinese culture can be learnt from ancient paintings.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．D 7．D
【导语】本文为说明文。介绍了中国古画所蕴含的历史及文化价值。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When a scroll (卷轴) is opened, the art of painting is transformed into a living story,
and the hidden history wakes up from the painting. (翻开画卷，绘画艺术变成了活生生的故事，隐藏的历史从画中苏
醒过来。)”可知, 该句为本段的主题，首先介绍绘画艺术是源自于生活，进而作者引用了《韩熙载夜宴图》这幅绘
画，由此可见，作者提及这幅画是为了说明第一句而举的例子。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then there is The Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy, which gives you the
opportunity to step into Zhenguan Period and watch the scene of Li Shimin, Emperor Tang Taizong, receiving Lu Dongzan
in the palace.(还有《唐太宗接见西藏使节》，让你有机会走进贞观时期，观看唐太宗李世民在宫中接见吕东赞的场
面。)”可知, 《唐太宗接见藏使图》，描绘了唐太宗李世民(Emperor Taizong)接见吐蕃使臣禄东赞(the Tibetan
Envoy)的情景，由此可知，画中描述的为政治事件。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“People of later generations want to use advanced technology and innovative ideas to
make history and its stories come alive.(后人希望用先进的技术和创新的理念，让历史和故事变得鲜活起来。)”以及最后一句“We realize that pictures can not only be vivid on paper, but also can be alive in 3D.(我们意识到图画不仅可以
在纸上生动，而且可以在3D中栩栩如生。)”可知，后人希望用先进的技术和创新的理念，让历史和故事活起来，
因此，在2022年春节联欢晚会上, 通过3D技术，使得根据《千里江山图》改编的《只此青绿》成为轰动的当红作
品，所以，该作品引起轰动是因为它把图画里的内容活了起来。故选D项。
7．词义猜测题。根据划线句子前的“Ancient paintings have been appreciated for over a thousand years, and the beauty
of China is more than landscapes.(古代绘画已经被欣赏了一千多年，中国的美不仅仅是风景。)” 可知，古画中的美
不仅仅是风景，言外之意，还有关于中国的其他方方面面，再根据划线句子后的句子“Let’s enjoy the whispering of
ancient paintings and the sweetness of traditional culture in ancient scrolls.(让我们一起欣赏古画的低语，欣赏古卷中传
统文化的美妙。)”可知，在古画中反应出来的有更多传统文化的美妙，由以上可知，该句话应该是引出中国传统文
化，因此该句话的意思是：在古画中可以了解很多中国文化。故选D项。
2.【2023届广东省深圳市高级中学高三模拟预测】
During the last few years we have lived through a series of worrying global events, from the COVID pandemic to
devastating wildfires.Instead of feeling informed after watching the news, many people feel anxious, upset and sick. A new
study published in Journal of Health Communication investigated into this problem.
According to the study, stress, anxiety, and poor health follow people who have a constant urge to check the news. For
these individuals, a vicious (恶性的) cycle can develop in which, rather than tuning out, they become drawn further in,
checking for updates around the clock to relieve their emotional stress. But it doesn’t help, and the more they check the
news, the more it begins to interfere (干扰) with other aspects of their lives.
Of the 1,100 people surveyed for the study, 16.5 percent became so absorbed in the news that it dominated their
thoughts, limited the time they spent with family and friends and made it difficult to focus on school or work, Those are the
very things-purposeful engagement and social connection-that help us cope with stress and mental health challenges.
According to Bryan MeLaughlin,one of the authors,the findings show that people should develop a healthier
relationship with the news.“For example,previous research has shown that individuals who became concerned about the bad
effects that their constant attention to COVID-19 was having on their mental health reported making the conscious decision
to tune out.This comes at the expense of an individual’s access to important information for their health and safety. This is
why a healthy relationship with news consumption is an ideal situation,” he said.
In addition, the study also calls out the need for a wider discussion about how the news industry may be fueling the
problem. Journalists often focus on selecting “newsworthy” stories that would grab news consumers’ attention because of
the economic pressures. “However, for certain types of people, news stories not only grab their attention and draw them in,
but also can be harmful to individuals’ health,”McLaughlin said.
8．What does the underlined phrase “this problem” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．That news addiction may bring negative effects.
B．That COVID-19 affects people’s mental health.
C．That people are exposed to too much information.
D．That journalists focus on terrifying stories to impress readers.
9．Who may be easier to be affected by the news?
A．People with difficulty in socializing.
B．People with a burning thirst for news.
C．People who have trouble focusing on school or work.
D．People who love to share their feelings on the Internet.10．What might Bryan McLaughlin agree with?
A．The press is regarded as a booming industry.
B．People should avoid being engaged in the news.
C．Journalists should focus on newsworthy stories.
D．People should find balance between staying informed and maintaining health.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Healthy News Consumption Is Crucial
B．News Addiction Links to Poor Well-being
C．How News Industry Fuels News Addiction
D．Highly Informed Readers Suffer From Anxiety
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于许多人在看完新闻后非但没有感到知情，反而感到焦虑、不安
和恶心的一项研究，告诉人们应该与新闻建立更健康的关系。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Instead of feeling informed after watching the news, many people feel anxious, upset
and sick.(很多人在看完新闻后并没有得到足够的信息，而是感到焦虑、不安和恶心)”可知，下文的划线词this
problem指代“新闻成瘾可能会带来负面影响”这一问题。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the study, stress, anxiety, and poor health follow people who have a constant
urge to check the news.(根据这项研究，压力、焦虑和健康状况不佳都伴随着不断想要查看新闻的人。)”可知，对新
闻有强烈渴望的人可能更容易受到新闻的影响。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, for certain types of people, news stories not only grab their attention and
draw them in, but also can be harmful to individuals’ health(然而，对于某些类型的人来说，新闻报道不仅抓住了他们
的注意力，吸引了他们，而且可能对个人的健康有害)”可推知，人们应该在了解情况和保持健康之间找到平衡这一
观点可能是布莱恩·麦克劳克林所同意的。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。文章通过介绍一项关于许多人在看完新闻后非但没有感到知情，反而感到焦虑、不安和恶心的
一项研究，告诉人们应该与新闻建立更健康的关系。由此可知，A选项“健康的新闻消费至关重要”能概括全文
内容，适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
3.【2023届重庆市巴蜀中学校高考适应性模拟预测5月】
The honeybee waggle dance has been celebrated as a most complex animal communication system. A study uncovered
its new property that bees must partially learn the dance from watching experienced dancers, a discovery that torpedoes the
general perception that the dance is wholly inborn. A dancer bee relays information to follower bees about the target
location by adjusting herself while shaking her stomach, allowing for impressive flexibility in the angle, duration and her
enthusiasm. Her body’s angle corresponds to the sun’s position relative to the nest entrance.
The distance information is conveyed by the dance duration. And the more energetic and passionate the dance, the
better the food. She’ll waggle in a straight line for seconds before circling back to repeat the dance, creating the figure eight
pattern.
This bee waggle dance system was long assumed to be natural behavior, but researchers made a breakthrough through
an experiment. They created territories of newborn bees completely separated from mature ones. When the newborn started
visiting flowers and producing their first waggle dances, they consistently made more errors in the way they reported the
angle and distance to the food source than bees raised in mixed-aged territories and thus exposed to the waggle dance since
they were born. They also generated looser figure eight patterns, making it harder for the follower bees to get the message.Even when placed back into a territory with mature bees, they never seemed to learn how to communicate information
correctly.
These results suggest every honeybee is born with a waggle dance model that gives them a basic understanding of how
to dance. By watching their elders, they’ll acquire new rules on how to generate the dance unique to their territory.
This is the first known example of such complex social learning of communication in insects and is a form of animal
culture, strikingly similar to the way human language generates new languages to shape itself around the local conditions.
While the waggle dance is second to human language in terms of the ability to communicate diverse information through
random symbols, the newly-discovered property makes it even more language-like and just that much more mind-blowing.
12．What does the underlined word “torpedoes” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Illustrates. B．Overturns. C．Fits in with. D．Gives rise to.
13．On what basis do the follower bees judge the target food’s quality?
A．The dancer’s physical angle. B．The dancer’s dance duration.
C．The dancer’s dance liveliness. D．The dancer’s body flexibility.
14．What can we infer about young bees from paragraph 3?
A．They’re absolutely ignorant of the waggle dance.
B．They can’t survive but for contact with mature bees.
C．They enhance dance routines by autonomous trial and error.
D．They can master the local dance by following elders from birth.
15．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The waggle dance. B．Human language.
C．The new property. D．Diverse information.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。蜜蜂的摇摆舞被认为是最复杂的动物交流系统，而一项研究揭示了蜜蜂的新特性，即
蜜蜂必须部分地通过观察有经验的舞者来学习舞蹈。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
12．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A study uncovered its new property that bees must partially learn the dance from
watching experienced dancers”以及后文“general perception that the dance is wholly inborn”可知，一项研究揭示了它
的新特性，即蜜蜂必须部分地从观察有经验的舞者中学习舞蹈，这颠覆了人们认为舞蹈是天生的看法，故画线词
意思是“颠覆”。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“And the more energetic and passionate the dance, the better the food. (舞蹈越有活力，
越有激情，食物就越好)”可知，跟随者蜜蜂根据舞者的舞蹈活泼生动来判断目标食物的质量。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“By watching their elders, they’ll acquire new rules on how to generate the dance
unique to their territory. (通过观察它们的长辈，它们会获得新的规则，学会如何在自己的领地上跳独特的舞蹈)”可
知，小蜜蜂可以从出生开始跟随长辈，掌握当地的舞蹈。故选D。
15．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While the waggle dance is second to human language in terms of the ability to
communicate diverse information through random symbols”以及后文“even more language-like and just that much more
mind-blowing”可知，while表示转折，指虽然摇摆舞在通过随机符号交流各种信息的能力方面仅次于人类语言，但
新发现的特性使它（摇摆舞）更像语言，更令人兴奋。故画线词意思是“摇摆舞”。故选A。
4.【2023届海南省海口市高考模拟】
Derek Veal found an old suitcase filled with photos, some more than 100 years old, when he explored his grandfather’s
old house in Georgia. It belonged to his great-grandmother, who had Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) and lived in a nursinghome. Veal and his grandfather went to visit her with the photos, hoping she could tell them more about the photos. What
happened next changed Veal’s life.
“Everything came back to her when she saw these pictures,” Veal said. “She recognized her sisters, her aunts, her
grandparents... It was the first time I had ever seen someone’s excitement from an old photo returning to them.”
The experience made Veal aware of the power of old photos to hold precious and long-forgotten memories and restore
a sense of identity. It never left him. Two years ago, when he came across old family photos for sale at a thrift store (旧货
店), he decided to pick one picture and try to track down the family. Soon, he was inspired to buy more photos and started a
Facebook group called Old Photo Project to aid in finding their families.
Veal is not alone in this hobby. David Gutenmacher, 26, lives in Queens, New York, and started his project, Museum of
Lost Memories, in late 2020. He has already had over 300,000 followers on Instagram and over 750,000 on TikTok. “Some
of my posts have gone viral and twice a person or family was tracked down in a matter of minutes!” Gutenmacher said.
These lost pictures can bring the memories back to the families they belong to.
What makes this hobby so unique is not only how it gives people the chance to help others, but it also brings these
enthusiasts a sense of purpose. “I feel like this is my calling,” said Gutenmacher. “The more I return memories, the more it
feels like I’m supposed to be doing this.”
24．According to the text, what changed Veal’s life?
A．His great-grandmother’s life experience.
B．His awareness of the value of old photos.
C．His family’s history shown in the photos.
D．His exploration of his grandfather’s old house.
25．What do the underlined words “have gone viral” most probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Have spread quickly and widely. B．Have received some comments.
C．Have been updated regularly. D．Have made people think deeply.
26．How does Gutenmacher feel about what he does?
A．It’s not easy. B．It’s not enough.
C．It’s just a hobby. D．It’s his duty.
27．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Old Photos for Photo Enthusiasts B．The Unique Hobby of Veal
C．Returning Lost Memories D．Researching the History of a Family
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Veal 和David Gutenmacher通过老照片帮助人们寻找失去的记忆的故
事。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“The experience made Veal realize the power of old photos to hold precious and long-
forgotten memories and restore a sense of identity. (这段经历让Veal意识到旧照片的力量，它可以保存珍贵而遗忘已
久的记忆，并恢复一种认同感)”以及本段中“Soon, he was inspired to buy more photos and started a Facebook group
called Old Photo Project to aid in finding their families.(很快，他受到了启发，开始购买更多的照片，并在Facebook
上建立了一个名为“旧照片计划”的小组，帮助寻找他们的家人)”可知，Veal对旧照片价值的认识改变了他的生活。
故选B项。
25．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词之前“He has already had over 300,000 followers on Instagram and over 750,000
on TikTok. (他在Instagram上已经有30多万粉丝，在TikTok上有75多万粉丝)”以及划线词后面的句子“twice aperson or family was tracked down in a matter of minutes!(在几分钟内，一个人或一个家庭则会被找到！)”可知，
David Gutenmacher的Instagram上已经有30多万粉丝，在TikTok上有75多万粉丝，在短短的时间内就可以帮助他
人寻找家人和家庭，所以可以推知划线词是指这些帖子迅速而广泛地传播。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I feel like this is my calling,” said Gutenmacher. “The more I return memories, the
more it feels like I’m supposed to be doing this.”(“我觉得这就是我的使命。”Gutenmacher说。“我回忆得越多，就
越觉得我应该这么做。”)”可知，Gutenmacher认为他做的事情是他的职责。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Veal is not alone in this hobby. David Gutenmacher, 26, lives in Queens, New York, and
started his project, Museum of Lost Memories, in late 2020.(Veal 并不是唯一有这种嗜好的人。26岁的David
Gutenmacher住在纽约皇后区，他于2020年底开始了他的“失落记忆博物馆”项目) ”以及通读全文可知，文章讲
述的是Veal 和David Gutenmacher通过老照片帮助人们寻找失去的记忆的故事，所以C选项“Returning Lost
Memories(找回失落的记忆)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。
5.【2023届海南省海南中学、海口一中 、文吕中学、嘉积中学高三4月联考】
Cyberbullying (网络霸凌) was already a problem before the Covid-19 pandemic hit. After the outbreak of the
pandemic, lockdown and work-from-home orders were put into force, meaning people were having to spend even more of
their time online.
Previously, more time online had been linked to an increased chance of a person participating in cyberbullying. Studies
have shown that stress and anxiety have increased during the pandemic, both of which can lead to increases in the number
of interactions that involve cyberbullying. Yet this phenomenon has actually decreased during the pandemic. The reason
behind this could tell us how to better deal with this problem once we finally emerge from the pandemic.
One reason for the decline is that in-person interactions can fuel both online and in-person bullying. Bullying tends to
start in free time, which doesn’t exist in the same way in online schooling. This suggests that if we focus prevention efforts
on free time, it is likely that we will be able to stop both traditional forms of bullying, as well as that of cyberbullying.
Bullying rates aren’t fixed. When children feel nurtured (被关爱) and socially and emotionally safe, they bully less.
During the pandemic, young people have been spending more time at home with their parents or carers. For some, this has
probably provided feelings of safety — a positive effect well known to occur in times of disaster or crisis.
Positive relationships can also help reduce bullying. While it is undoubtedly true that some families have experienced
interpersonal conflicts during the crisis, most households have been reporting positive increases in their feelings of unity
and bonding among their family members. Studies have shown that children reported more positive feelings when asked
about having to spend more time with their families. Keeping these positive relationships strong may also help prevent
bullying in the future.
12．What led to more online time according to the passage?
A．Addiction to the Internet. B．Measures against the pandemic.
C．Development of technology. D．More participation in cyberbullying.
13．The underlined word “emerge from” in the second paragraph probably means “_________”.
A．disappear from B．suffer from
C．break through D．live through
14．What explains the decreased cyberbullying?
A．A close watch on young people. B．A sense of safety found in study.
C．A good relationship with family. D．A busy online schooling schedule.
15．What is the purpose of this passage?A．To show cyberbullying is a constant problem.
B．To explore possible solutions to cyberbullying.
C．To call on people to fight against cyberbullying.
D．To compare traditional bullying with cyberbullying.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是大流行期间网络霸凌减少的原因和应该如何减少网络霸凌。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“After the outbreak of the pandemic, lockdown and work-from-home orders were put
into force, meaning people were having to spend even more of their time online.(疫情爆发后，封锁和在家工作的命令开
始生效，这意味着人们不得不花更多的时间在网上)”可知，防治大流行的措施导致了更多的上网时间的。故选B。
13．短语猜测题。根据上文“Yet this phenomenon has actually decreased during the pandemic.(然而，这种现象在大流
行期间实际上有所减少)”及画线词前的“finally”可知，此处指大流行期间网络霸凌有所减少，研究这一现象背后的
原因可以帮助我们在最终熬过大流行时更好地处理网络霸凌问题，emerge from意为“熬过”，因此选live
through，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Studies have shown that children reported more positive feelings when asked about
having to spend more time with their families. Keeping these positive relationships strong may also help prevent bullying in
the future.(研究表明，当被问及必须花更多时间与家人在一起时，孩子们的感觉更积极。保持这些积极的关系也有
助于防止未来的欺凌)”可知，与家人保持良好的关系可以解释网络欺凌的减少，故选C。
15．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“The reason behind this could tell us how to better deal with this
problem once we finally emerge from the pandemic.(这背后的原因可以告诉我们，一旦我们最终熬过大流行，如何更
好地处理这个问题)”可知，本文主要分析大流行期间网络霸凌减少的原因并在原因背后寻求处理网络霸凌的方法，
因此本文的目的是探索网络欺凌的可能解决方案。故选B。
6.【2023届山西省运城市高三5月第三次模拟调研测试】
Getting a driving license was once a universal passage into adulthood. But now a growing minority of young people
ignore or actively oppose it, into their 20s and beyond. That starts to create more support for anti-car policies in cities
around the world to pass anti-car laws, changing planning rules to favour pedestrians over drivers. After a century in which
the car remade the rich world, the tide begins to swing the other way.
By 1997, 43% of America’s 16-year-olds had driving licenses. But the proportion has been falling for every age group
under 40. Even those who have them are driving less. A similar trend is seen in Europe. One study of five European capitals
found the number of driving trips made by working people was down substantially since a peak in the 1990s.
No one is entirely sure why young adults are proving resistant to owning a car. The growth of the interest is one
obvious possibility—the more you can shop online, or stream films at home, the less need there is to drive into town. The
rise of taxi apps like Uber has contributed as well. Driving generally is more expensive. Other reasons seem more cultural.
One big motivator is worries about climate change.
The falling popularity of cars among the under-40s chimes with the mood among city planners and urbanists. In
America, New York has banned cars from Central Park and some streets. In the past few years, dozens of American cities
have removed rules that force developers to provide a certain amount of free parking around their buildings.
As the example in Oxfond shows, political opposition could put the brakes on the growth of anti-car policies. But in
the parts of Europe where anti-car policies have been in place, they appear to have worked. Giulio notes that almost
nowhere in the world that has removed a big road, or pedestrianised a shopping street, has decided to turn back. “Once
people see, they generally don’t want to go back.” If that pattern holds, the 21st century might just see the car’s high-water
mark.12．What do a minority of young people ignore?
A．Owing a home as a sign of adulthood. B．Making it into the world of the rich.
C．Getting a driving license as an adult. D．Being involved in a kind of campaign.
13．What lead to cars’ becoming less popular?
A．Strict traffic regulations. B．Environmental concerns.
C．Some social prejudices. D．The use of self-driving apps.
14．What does the underlined part “chimes with” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Agrees with. B．Sticks to. C．Cooperates with. D．Emerges from.
15．What does the example in Oxford show?
A．People are keen about banning driving. B．Banning cars benefits city development.
C．It’s hard for young people to be drivers. D．Anti-car policies are met with opposition.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文 考取驾照曾被认为是一个人成年后必做的事，但是现今在40岁以下的人群中有越
来越多的人不愿意买车和开车，其原因多种多样。有些政府支持这样的行为，因为这有助于反汽车政策的出台和
实施。或许21世纪将会成为汽车的发展高峰，随后汽车会变得不那么受欢迎。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Getting a driving license was once a universal passage into adulthood. But now a
growing minority of young people ignore or actively oppose it, into their 20s and beyond.(获得驾驶执照曾经是进入成年
的普遍标志。但现在，越来越多的20多岁及以上的年轻人忽视或积极反对它)”可知，少数年轻人忽视了成年人应
该获得驾驶执照。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“One big motivator is worries about climate change.(一个重要的动机是对气候变化的担
忧)”可知，环境问题导致汽车越来越不受欢迎。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“In America, New York has banned cars from Central Park and some streets. In the
past few years, dozens of American cities have removed rules that force developers to provide a certain amount of free
parking around their buildings.(在美国，纽约已经禁止汽车进入中央公园和一些街道。在过去的几年里，几十个美国
城市已经取消了迫使开发商在其建筑周围提供一定数量的免费停车位的规定)”以及“the mood among city planners
and urbanists(城市规划者和城市规划者的情绪。)”可知，城市规划者和城市规划学家应该是维护城市环境，所以会
反对汽车进入城市中的某些地方，这说明城市规划者和城市规划学家也不喜欢人们开车，由此可知，在40岁以下
人群中，开车的受欢迎程度在下降，与城市规划者和城市规划学家的情绪相符合，故画线词意思是“符合”。故
选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As the example in Oxfond shows, political opposition could put the brakes on the
growth of anti-car policies. (正如牛津的例子所示，政治上的反对可能会阻碍反汽车政策的发展。)”可知，牛津的例
子说明了反汽车政策遭到了反对。故选D。
7.【2023届山西省运城市高三5月第三次模拟调研测试】
A number of recent studies of families in several Asian countries help to shed light on how grandparents are involved
in coparenting, which researchers define as the sharing of childcare and upbringing responsibility among two or more
adults. These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.
Researcher Xiaowei Li and her coworkers recently explored parent-grandparent coparenting in China, where it is very
common. In their 2019 study, nearly 180 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires (问卷调查) about their
coparenting. The majority of families lived in three-generational households, and 80% of families had only one child.
The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship, like how much theyagreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child. The researchers
also measured how competent mothers felt in using parenting strategies and teaching their children age-appropriate skills.
The findings? Mothers who had strong coparenting relationships with grandparents tended to feel more effective in
their role as a parent, and, in turn, their children tended to be more socially competent. That’s because grandparents, with
their rich experience, can provide support, role modeling, and encouragement when they raise children, which could
influence how competent mothers feel in their parenting role. And when mothers are feeling more confident, they can
approach parenting with more positivity, which can boost their children’s social development.
Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influence other aspects of children’s development, such as preschoolers’
effortful control—their ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and notice novelty or mistakes. For preschoolers,
it might come into play when they get a gift they don’t like, or have to figure out how to share toys.
This research on grandparents highlights that handling the coparenting relationship is not without its challenges. But
grandparents’ involvement in children’s upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents themselves.
8．What might be included in the questionnaire?
A．Grandparents’ age gap. B．The support grandparents give.
C．The income the family have. D．Grandparents’ attitude to education.
9．What is the conclusion of the study?
A．Parents and grandparents can get along well.
B．Mothers’ ability has an effect on their children.
C．Good coparenting relationships benefit children.
D．Parent-grandparent coparenting is becoming popular.
10．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A．Effortful control. B．The response.
C．The development. D．The mistake.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Trend of Coparenting is Catching on in Asia.
B．How Young Parents Think of Grandparents’ Help
C．Coparenting Relationships Are Becoming Comfortable.
D．What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。
调查发现：当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时，这种共同抚养关系会使孩子受益。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting
relationship, like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in
front of the child. (调查问卷询问了父母和祖父母之间养育关系的积极方面，比如他们在多大程度上同意并感到亲密，
以及具有挑战性的方面，比如他们在孩子面前发生了多少冲突)”可知，问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面，
由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships
with coparenting grandparents. (这些研究表明，当父母与祖父母有密切的关系时，孩子会受益)”、第四段末句“And
when mothers are feeling more confident, they can approach parenting with more positivity, which can boost their children’s
social development. (当母亲们感到更自信时，她们可以更积极地对待育儿，这可以促进孩子的社会发展。”以及尾段末句“But grandparents’ involvement in children’s upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents
themselves. (但是祖父母参与孩子的抚养可以给家庭和祖父母自己带来很大的好处)”可知，研究发现良好的共同抚
养关系会让孩子受益。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段画线词前句“Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influence other aspects of
children’s development, such as preschoolers’ effortful control—their ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and
notice novelty or mistakes.( 父母和祖父母的养育方式似乎也会影响孩子发展的其他方面，比如学龄前儿童的努力控
制能力——他们调节自己如何应对某种情况、注意到新奇事物或错误的能力)”和所在句子“For preschoolers, it
might come into play when they get a gift they don’t like, or have to figure out how to share toys.(对于学龄前儿童来说，
当他们收到不喜欢的礼物，或者必须弄清楚如何分享玩具时，这可能会发挥作用)”可知，父母和祖父母的共同养育
会影响孩子的努力控制能力，因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时，这种控制力可能就会
发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships
with coparenting grandparents. (这些研究表明，当父母与祖父母有密切的关系时，孩子会受益)”提出调查结果：在孩
子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下，共同抚养对孩子是有益的；然后详细介绍了这项调查，最后在文章末尾再
次重申这个观点，由此推断D选项“What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children. (当祖父母帮助抚养孩子
时会发生什么)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。
8.【2023届重庆市高三第一次联合诊断检测】
Restaurants, cafes and the like are for eating and drinking, right?
That’s a no-brainer, you say? That’s your natural reaction, I’d say. Now, think. Rewind your mind. What do you recall?
Aren’t restaurants and cafes the new temples of learning?
For youngsters, trendy cafes are the new meeting points, joint-study centers. What you witness is small groups reading-
writing, eating-sipping, browsing-downloading, copying-pasting, banding-bonding. Youngsters are at it day after day, as if
there’s no tomorrow, as if they are in a race against time to upload as much knowledge as possible into their brains. It wasn’t
like this before. Previous generations of students would visit cafes for coffee, tea, soft drinks or snacks, maybe share a bit of
good-natured jokes with their ”gang“ members.
For exam-related study, there were quiet areas in city libraries or the college library.
Back in my hometown during the late ‘80s and the early ‘90s, a handful of my classmates and I would gather at our
homes, taking turns, in the run-up to key exams. During such ”night-outs“, we would study, exchange notes, share insights,
brainstorm to solve tricky problems, anticipate test questions, and prepare accordingly. Not infrequently, we would discuss
sports events, movies, film stars and, of course, girls.
Digital-age kids do it differently now. Why? I can only guess. The foremost reason is free Wi-Fi and all that it offers.
The environment at institutional libraries may not be to millennials’(千禧一代的)liking. Or, is it big pocket money or salary
earned from part-time jobs? Maybe, just a generational thing, a lifestyle trend, or the result of the single-child system.
One of my younger colleagues, a business journalist, last month married her childhood sweetheart, a heart surgeon,
and, she told me, it all started back at school. So, the restaurants and bars promote real-life interactions, so important when
addiction to online social media is seen making youth unsociable.
8．What fact does the author emphasize concerning trendy cafes?
A．They are digitally powered. B．They replace college libraries.
C．They are specifically designed. D．They become teenage hangouts.
9．What does the underlined word ”it“ in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．Exam-related study. B．The use of computers.C．Movie-themed discussion. D．Social communication.
10．Which of the following best describes restaurants and bars in the last paragraph?
A．Old-fashioned in style. B．Helpful for social interactions.
C．Luxurious in decoration. D．Convenient for use.
11．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Restaurants and Cafes in the Digital Times
B．How Millennials Are Changing Restaurants
C．Eat, Study, Bond at Wi-Fi-Enabled ”Temples“
D．Best Cafes with Free Wi-Fi for Work or Study
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C
【导语】本篇为说明文。主要讲了现在的年轻人喜欢呆在有网络的咖啡馆里，聚会、工作或学习。
8．细节理解题。由第二段“Aren’t restaurants and cafes the new temples of learning?”（餐馆和咖啡馆难道不是新的
学习殿堂吗?）和第三段“For youngsters, trendy cafes are the new meeting points, joint-study centers.”（对年轻人来说，
时髦的咖啡馆是新的聚会场所，是共同学习的中心。）可知，关于时尚咖啡馆，作者强调的事实是它们成了青少
年常去的地方。故选D项。
9．词句猜测题。由第四段“For exam-related study, there were quiet areas in city libraries or the college library.”（对于
考试相关的学习，城市图书馆或大学图书馆都有安静的区域。）和第五段“Back in my hometown during the late
‘80s and the early ‘90s, a handful of my classmates and I would gather at our homes, taking turns, in the run-up to key
exams. ”（上世纪80年代末和90年代初，在我的家乡，我和几个同学会轮流聚集在家里，准备重要的考试。）可
知，这里的 it 指的是考试相关的学习。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。由文章最后一段 “So, the restaurants and bars promote real-life interactions, so important when
addiction to online social media is seen making youth unsociable.”（因此，餐馆和咖啡馆促进了现实生活中的互动，这
在沉迷于网络社交媒体使年轻人变得不善交际的情况下非常重要。）可知，餐馆或咖啡馆促进年轻人在现实生活
中的互动，所以是有作用的。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。由文章第二段尾句“Aren’t restaurants and cafes the new temples of learning?”（餐馆和咖啡馆难道
不是新的学习殿堂吗?）和第三段首句“For youngsters, trendy cafes are the new meeting points, joint-study centers.”
（对年轻人来说，时髦的咖啡馆是新的聚会场所，是共同学习的中心。）可知，文章主要讲了有网络氛围的餐馆
和咖啡馆不仅仅是吃饭的地方，它们成为年轻人小聚、工作或学习的场所，故选C项。
9.【2023届贵州省遵义市高三三模】
Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for days. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1, the bio-medical
engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there—for science.
The underwater living, if successful, will also break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which
was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days.
Dituri, who uses the nickname Dr. Deep Sea, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida—the
same underwater spot where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is
his intended home until June 9, where he’ll be carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the
University of South Florida
As part of this research, Dituri is researching the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended
period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space, which creates a pressure about
1.6 times that of Earth’s surface.“The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri says in a press release.
“This study will examine every way this journey affects my body.” Before taking the dive, Dituri had psychosocial,
psychological and medical tests. He will continue to have testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. He’s also taking
doses of Vitamin D and keeping regular psychological appointments.
Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean protection and encourage young scientists. “The oceans
are in a bit of trouble-the coral reefs are under attack, and the fishing industry is collapsing,” Thane Milhoan, habitat
operations manager for Jules’ Undersea Lodge, says in a video. “We wanted to make use of the attention that the 100-day
mission would demand to inspire the youth, more so than anybody, to get involved and start taking action.”
8．What is the reason for Joseph Dituri’s living underwater?
A．To enjoy a unique hotel. B．To do scientific research.
C．To break the world record. D．To promote an undersea lodge.
9．How do the researchers keep water out of the lodge?
A．By pumping air into the lodge. B．By increasing the water pressure.
C．By changing the underwater spot. D．By extending the surface of the hotel.
10．Why is Dituri always taking tests?
A．To keep a positive mood. B．To adapt to the environment.
C．To see the effects of the study on him. D．To examine the change of the surroundings.
11．What does the underlined word “collapsing” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Breaking down. B．Coming out.
C．Operating well. D．Growing fast.
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项科学家挑战水下空间生活的一项科学研究，介绍了其主要研究人、
研究目的和开展过程与方式。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Since March 1, the bio-medical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of
spending 100 days there—for science. (自3月1日以来，这位生物医学工程师一直在水下，目标是在那里呆100天
——为了科学)”可知，约瑟夫·迪图里生活在水下是为了做科学研究。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the
space, which creates a pressure about 1.6 times that of Earth’s surface. (为了防止水进入小屋，必须不断向太空中注入空
气，这将产生大约是地球表面压力的1.6倍的压力)”可知，研究人员把空气抽进小屋来将水排除在小屋之外。故选
A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored
closely,” Dituri says in a press release. “This study will examine every way this journey affects my body.” (迪图里在一次
新闻发布会上说：“人体从来没有在水下呆过那么久，所以我会受到密切监视。这项研究将检验这段旅程对我身
体的每一种影响。”)”可知，总是做检查的原因是监测水下生活对人体的影响。故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The oceans are in a bit of trouble-the coral reefs are under attack, and the fishing
industry is”可知海洋处于麻烦中，珊瑚礁造破坏，渔业在崩溃。海洋需要保护，这也是本项研究的另一目的。故划
线词意思是“崩溃”。故选A。
真题感知
1.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have
reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger
and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at
night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and
sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given
financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents
really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project
can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help
connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness
and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”
可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
9. B推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children
in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to
have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。
我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选
B。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之
一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。11. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting
Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared
interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同
的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
2.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway
operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to
making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a
24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to
inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching
points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be
improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that
European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff,
often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones
assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in
the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be
flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the
track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and
travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so
that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
8. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They
could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct
position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查
铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人
机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
9. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on
maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅
欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基
础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设
施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是
指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
10. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.
They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们现在正在研究一个新
概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自
动运行。故选B。
11. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of
railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of
applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and
infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，
帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的
铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路
成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的
技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项
“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
3.2022年1月浙江卷之A篇
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of
the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for
ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her
home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This
was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself.
It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,
Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs
there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama
and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was
one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left
home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-
road biking.
,
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, asit would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the
same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in
my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. *'
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for
ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10
年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工
作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and
Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels
in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新
的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的
地方旅行”。故选D。
【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been
independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。
我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
4.2021年全国甲卷之C篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I
felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of
skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And
my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the
beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.
A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's
what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled
back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to
watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a
rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice
the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he
began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，
结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与
一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【8题】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了
我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新
的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【9题】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重
要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，
因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【10题】推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his
head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”
可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
【11题】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑
板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，
作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久
违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
5.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhoodchildren gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at
it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split
between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter
this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached
to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He
realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from
Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result
was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common
goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on
habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and
tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get
them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅
行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【4题】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几
个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
【5题】细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通
过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
【6题】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World
Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”
意思一致。故选A项。
【7题】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to bemarketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a
group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然
当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，
World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David
Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market
Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
6.2020年山东卷之C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically
broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts
of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been
destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he
meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and
Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods
when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And
in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a
fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在
乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an
article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第
一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the
disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文
章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also
its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets
a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a
strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒
马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎
俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾
病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，
多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书
《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目
的是介绍一本书。故选A。
7.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it
took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of
waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of
acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm
action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act,
all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first
Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the
stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be
protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the
most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急
需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票
的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少
了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”
可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了
转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自
然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选
C。
【30题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过
500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩
猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可
知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
8.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座
机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In
fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their
smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not
really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因
素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers
who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of
your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than
providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone
are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone
（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milkdeliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需
品的观点。
【24题】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age
of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年
幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广
受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定
电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in
case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电
话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电
话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词
“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest
the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话
的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the
way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨
送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固
定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
9.2021年北京卷C篇
Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published lastDecember: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas
have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global
collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled
pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also
unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.
Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday
civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint”
concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current
footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly
within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the
hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We
all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look
directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of
a troubling future.”
28. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Scientific. B. Credible.
C. Original. D. Relevant.
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
.
A worried B. puzzled
C. surprised D. scared
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D. The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12
月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章具体
阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is
especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically
advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止
了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界
充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A.
Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。
根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to
be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情
在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with
the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的
议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”
的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried担忧的；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. scared害怕
的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于无
可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际
的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all
want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好），
结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于“quieting hope that
ignores preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，提到“Let's look directly into the issue of
collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他
们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，
上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾
向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。
10.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.
They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists
discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these
meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be
recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in
that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another
animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant
difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a
mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers
back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is
meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in
seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little
disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still
missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go
beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交
流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成
员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But,
she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是
值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项
研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.（在
这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是
根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal
communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的
交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存
在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wildchimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文
章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出
来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
11.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之B篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but
also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people
do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true,
the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one
contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A
Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉
的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic
1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems,
because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to
them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that
has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
.
C Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第
二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get,
the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年
纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer
looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经
典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻
时的生活。故选B项。
26.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要
的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a
reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是
“回报”。故选B项。
27.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.
(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。
故选A项。
12.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之C篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross
your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.
“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”,
says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the
fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t
handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in
this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized
animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that
nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s
job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can
wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”
Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is
morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示
了担忧。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made
into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are
destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克
林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了
解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨
大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得
知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠
们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30.词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed
in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海
狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛
交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推
断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给
人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所
说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
13.2020年山东卷之D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating
companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
,
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95
undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly( 表面上)participate in a study about movie
viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers
grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a speciallydesigned fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food
than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she
took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy
when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size
and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项
研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选
D。
13.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。
后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier
people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，
在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时
候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I
see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, whycan’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的
人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：
如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
14.2020年6月浙江卷之B篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green
twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am,
a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the
traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the
US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals,
have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a
researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for
some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful
difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past,
there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation
Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter
instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，
大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25.指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just
like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主
要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段
中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(但自适应信号并
不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on theroad will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用) ”
可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。
27.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in
both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻
烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new
approaches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成
功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
15.2019年北京卷之D篇
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，
according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way
light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies
from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of
phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off
oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the
global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the
ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also
nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects
changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour
of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.
But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas
will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of
phytoplankton is changing. ”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象
是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但
是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
42. B 【解析】段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and
greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，
如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine
microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create
colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可
知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。
海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物
是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。
43. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect
phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖
会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s
wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。
44. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton
could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for
phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可
能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更
绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项
可知D项符合题意。
45. C【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be
bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气
候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to
the ocean’s warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，
“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本
文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。
16.2018年全国I卷之C篇
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot
more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own
patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just
five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more
settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread
of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have
caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking
over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general
rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often
spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and thePacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of
speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers
left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the
United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of
survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Complex. B. Advanced.
C. Powerful. D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small,
tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five
to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，
小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了
12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
29.C【解析】猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are
increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为：强有
力的语言。故选C。
30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median
number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than
that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。
31.C【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of
years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最
近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选
17.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even
realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had
brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reachesout and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page
even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook
was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use
mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have
a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video
project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make
sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
5．Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A．He took it for a tablet computer. B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa. D．He wanted to read it by himself.
6．What does the author think of himself?
A．Socially ambitious. B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent. D．Digitally competent.
7．What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A．He lacks experience in his job. B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department. D．He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，
孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many
young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old
grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多
媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子
坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet
computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like
that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，
这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。
故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I editvideo and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有
毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。
故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little
time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在
镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
18.C【2022·全国甲卷】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to
say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional
dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually
flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work
teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships
going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just
decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I
wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out
of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was
making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to
Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就热爱旅行，渴望探险，她周游世界，
并从2008年开始前往南极洲的旅行。
28. A词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in
the UK, but always longed to explore further.在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探
索”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终有了独立的生活”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们独立生活之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the
plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思相近。故选A。
29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships
going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛
屿前往南极洲的廉价船票”可知，是一张廉价票让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was
one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻
的感受之一。”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好地保护。故选C。
31. B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to
be a trip Ginni would never forget.”和倒数第二段中的“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole
experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has”可知，文章主要介绍了 71岁的
Ginni Balinton的难忘的南极洲之旅。故选B。
19.2021年新高考II卷之B篇
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever
been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-
clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really
looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home
with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had
to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned
the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough
times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production
line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it
really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit
disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we
had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎
在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give
them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定
在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but
when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天
让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd
come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发
现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它
们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是
“表现不好”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look
after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变
得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors
and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何
开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以
控制。故选B。
20.2020年1月浙江卷之A篇
I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. She ran
Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she
thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing；I would do
anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for
myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from
the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you`d
taken it out；it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out
two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket
of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the
time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.
I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood" with my
brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer– in character –"The better to eat you
with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A. diet. B. Strict. C. Humorous. D. Considerate.
22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Desire to read. B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C. Interest in games. D. Fear of the library rules.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. guidebook. B. an autobiography. C. a news report. D. book review.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母
亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our
librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及SILENCE in big black
letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to
change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让
你回家换衣服）可知Mrs. Calloway很严格。故选B。
【22题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现在，我觉得她
在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书和作者是一样的。故
划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者
的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。
【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。
如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说
明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如第三小题，结合文章主要内容
为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴
望。可知文章可能来自于自传。故选B。
21.2019年全国II卷之B篇
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from
a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an
unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent
with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the
unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere
along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids
while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kidscan be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep
understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give
your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others
benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work.
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作
者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
24.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else
volunteers，then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断
出，她不想做自愿者。故选C。
25.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I mention the
single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ...可知，
作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
26.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及 the same parent ends up becoming an
invaluable member of the team可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故
选D。
27.B 【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句Connecting to the community
（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，
为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。
22.2021年3月天津卷之B篇About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange
surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its
tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into
hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was
starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the
walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass
vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I
threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts
to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a
tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform,
I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that
had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we
have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring.
Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
40. What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A. Its tank grew dirty. B. Its old skin came off.
C. It got a skin disease. D. It went missing.
41. Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A. The birthday cake was ruined. B. The author made good puddings.
C. Pudding was his favorite dessert. D. They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42. Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A. To prove a theory. B. To define a concept.
C. To develop the theme. D. To provide the background.
43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job
C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity
44. What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A. Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B. It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C. We should move on no matter what happens. D. Past experiences should be treasured.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 43. A 44. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，
像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next
morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩
子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的
皮肤脱落了。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter
climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere.
She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.(就在我丈夫参加另一场工
作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都
是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉
布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what
had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and
replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was
different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.( Jordan 从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，
这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒
球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。
但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后
一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者
在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with
who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(他们都
没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们
必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛
在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is
upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其
他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了
我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our
tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望
的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
23.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之D篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic
reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or
went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from
shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several
children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local
library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a
special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on
form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they
can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put
together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should
support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on
your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，
宣传图书馆。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a
child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the
books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说
就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密
不可分的。故选C。33.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had
several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the
local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我
们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或
者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他
们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.
Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them
when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在
社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。
故选C。
35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了
孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传
图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
24.2020年江苏卷之C篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first,
according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
,
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However far less has been known
about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy
young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness
and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in
theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast,
meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they
ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood
sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they
burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly
more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple
genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce
proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are
associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise
than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating
first.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered62. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C. They could walk at an average speed.
D. They had slow metabolic rates.
63. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A. They successfully lost weight.
B. They consumed a bit more calories.
C. They burned more fat on average.
D. They displayed higher insulin levels.
64. What could be learned from the research?
A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. B 64. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健
康更有益。
61.词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first可知，早
餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与
B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
62.细节理解题。根据第三段的They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose
lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但
健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10
个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
63.细节理解题。根据第六段的As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they
had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里), on average, during the workout after
breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。 另一
方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热
量。故选B。
64.推理判断题。根据最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from
exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西
可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
25.2019年全国卷III之B篇
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative
officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired
fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on
Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance,
showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell
dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to
its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of
contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc
Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous
designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in
many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its
direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on
C. working with D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何
最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge
interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由
此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。
25.A 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that
sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to
its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的
消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。
26.D 【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。
由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera
Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选
D。
27.D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western
creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its
breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许
多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。
26.2019年天津卷之D篇
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against
debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by
heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some
people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who
fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they
have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then
become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities
are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't
change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-
an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have
meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our
own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But
doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence
whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.
They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B 【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷
囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，
年龄也是如此，故选B。
52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because
they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那
些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the
opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总
是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
54. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-
pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but
is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别
人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们
要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目
的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
27.2019年江苏卷之B篇
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled
about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a
long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.
But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which
are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was
surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred
feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.
Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，
however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive
that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this
second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A
thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the
caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—
much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a
violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park.
D. The exact location of the volcano.
59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪
地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，
而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
58.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，
他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。
59.A 主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还
有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
60.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by
taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the
assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测
试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管
理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
28.【2019·浙江卷】
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,
a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all
ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which
created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the
bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who
had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain
feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took
only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity andsympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you
can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这
个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这
里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
29.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying
history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of
human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of
history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our
home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where
we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots
and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the
social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of
the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling
challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why
our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong
foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of
the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into
entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost
impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th
century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might
learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the
history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by
learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
A．the turning point in our history
B．the present state of our nation
C．the location of our homelandD．the total area of our country
【答案】1．B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学
历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1．猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥
)into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于
大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
30.【2019年3月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（天津卷）】
Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological（按时间计算的）age, how old the calendar says you are, and a
biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard
University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan. We all age biologically at different
rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the
number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we
may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”
To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarker（生物标志）that
seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and
immune（免疫的）measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm（算式，算法）does the rest.
Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help
patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting
thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier
and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”
Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered
myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results
to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.
Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological
age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely
long life with a lot of chronic（慢性的）diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical
functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”
14．By saying “we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one” in Para. 2, the author means
_______.
A．we don’t have to celebrate our birthday every year
B．we are chronologically older than last year
C．we might be less happy than the previous year
D．we may be biologically younger than the year before
【答案】14．D
【解析】本文为说明文。基本上，每个人都有两个年龄：一个是年表上的年龄，年历上说的你的年龄；一个是生
理年龄，基本上是指你的身体机能与平均健康水平或健康水平相比较的年龄。生理年龄决定了我们的健康，最终
决定了我们的寿命。为了计算生物年龄，耶鲁大学的莱文教授通过简单的血液测试确定了9种似乎对寿命影响最
大的生物标志物。莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线访问该算法的机会，这样任何人都可以计算自己的生物年
龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。14．句意理解题。根据第二段中的In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even
fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.（在未来，随着我们控制生物年龄的能力的提高，我们的生
日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前还要少）可知，人类将会有能力缩短或者延长生物年龄，作者说“我们的生日蛋糕上的
蜡烛可能比前还要少”意思是“我们在生理上可能比前一年更年轻”。故D选项正确。
31.2018年全国III卷之D篇
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it
comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more
with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of
our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for
her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the
money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train
ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own
theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy
would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available.
We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally,
completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little
experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl
C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother
34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A. To try out an idea
B. To show a parent's love
C. To train his attention
D. To help him start a hobby
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more
with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we
promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她
同意卖玩具。故选C。
34.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for bothof us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less，而二三段是作者的尝
试，故C作标题适合。