考点10阅读理解推理判断之作者的目的和意图（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_阅读理解

考点 10 阅读理解
推理判断之作者的目的和意图（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之目的和意图
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
【2023年1月·浙江 28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in 目的和意图
卷】 the first paragraph? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in
paragraph 4? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning 目的和意图
卷] Fuzhou? [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]B
28.What is the book aimed at? [2023·新高考全国
Ⅰ卷]C
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 31.What does the author want to say by mentioning 目的和意图
卷] the e-reader? [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C
[2023·全国甲卷] 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in 目的和意图
Paragraph 4? [2023·全国甲卷]C
[2023·全国乙卷] 33.What does the author indicate by mentioning 目的和意图
Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? [2023·全国乙卷]D
2022 2022·新高考I卷 阅读 B24.What does the author want to show by 目的和意图
telling the arugula story?
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 C篇30.10．Why did the author like to spend time 目的和意图
in Southbank when he returned to London?
2021·全国高考乙卷 C篇29．Why does the author discuss plastic 目的和意图
straws in paragraph 3?
2021·全国新高考I D篇33．Why does the author mention “doctor” 目的和意图
and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
2021·全国新高考 II D篇34．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys 目的和意图
卷 to watch cattle?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中写作目的和意图题考查了12次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作目的和意图。写作目的和意图的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者写某些事实或例子的目的是什么；2.因为要判断作者的写作目的和意图，所以我们一定要站在作者的角度
看问题，把自己当成作者，你这样写是为了什么。
【备考策略】系统归类写作目的和意图的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断写作目的和意图考查考生的基本的写作思路，在新高考命题中仍然是考查重点。因此，
推断写作目的和意图的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一定是为
了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把
自己当成作者。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact… is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般
不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不
但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作
意图。
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in
San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and
prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles
will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows
what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least
intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a
computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But forhumans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a
string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the
symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social
memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why,
however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with
artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project
Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的
一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa
Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the
past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and
though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what
they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The
result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and
Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the
agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on
establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is
providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past
couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator
habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens,
businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter
for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms
can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
【答案】 34．A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场
更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide
use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息
地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right
combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what
he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series
of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some
plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one
another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)
from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast
China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what􀆳s happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John􀆳s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复
的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
26.B 推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like
facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal
water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可
以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作
者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks andwhy it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then
add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things
you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on
an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’
stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital
minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of
cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a
collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed
exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for
you.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教
你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three
hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long
before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of
shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,
deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the
subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From
a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-
reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书
场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。
31.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to
make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as
interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从 21世纪的角度
来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读
器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
6.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder􀆳s Sophie􀆳s World. It was full of ideas that were
new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of
philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think
they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner􀆳s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher􀆳s work in the
context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see
like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding
philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so
with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he
becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them
in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and
sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It􀆳s worth your time, even if time is something we don􀆳t have a
lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.D.To help readers understand Weiner􀆳s book.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了Eric Weiner的哲学书The Socrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then
frames each philosopher􀆳s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in
which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”可知,
韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品和一件他们可以帮助我们做得
更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样
没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出
伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
7.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do
it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has
not. Writing is one of humanity􀆳s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in
many cases we simply can􀆳t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first
conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook􀆳s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have
scientific reports and the captain􀆳s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that
day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things
to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies
such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half
of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,
文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain􀆳s record of that
terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience
of gunshot.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,我们只有一个被一个人
在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是为了说明他的记录只是单方面
的。故选D项。8.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,
rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the
chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I
could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth
Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly”
(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an
environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my
arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is
CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it
recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that
otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in
meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you
won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科
廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数
人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly
bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的
是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我
们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
9. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically
broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives
have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the
people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,
Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. InSamarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods
when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And
in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a
fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在
乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追
逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是
介绍一本书。故选A。
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her son, Justin,
dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s central air conditioning had stopped working in the
middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and he’d shown up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and
struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or expands our
thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can also help our
relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people can
bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping changes. We
can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the phone. But it happens
in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-old daughter. When
she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to notice it
when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
4．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story?
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
5．What is the benefit of awe?
A．It stops our anxiety. B．simplifies our thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs. D．It promotes positive emotions.
6．In which situation can we feel awed between the nearest?
A．Admiring scenery in a national park.B．Enjoying classic music in a concert hall.
C．Receiving a call from a long-lost friend.
D．Getting the signature of a famous athlete.
7．What can be implied from the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time of trouble.
B．Behave in an awesome way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance of finding awe.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明敬畏会让我们感觉得更好。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. (在
2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了
举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It
can also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help
others. (研究表明，敬畏体验可以减轻压力，提高整体满意度。它还可以帮助我们的人际关系，使我们更有同情心，
不那么贪婪，更有可能得到别人的支持和帮助)”和第三段“Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful:
nature, music or a spiritual experience.( 我们大多数人都将敬畏与稀有而美丽的事物联系在一起:自然、音乐或精神体
验)”可推断，敬畏的好处是可以促进积极情绪。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or
chatting on the phone. (我们可以敬畏我们最亲近的人——坐在我们旁边的沙发上，或者在电话里聊天的人)”可知，
接到久违朋友的电话会让我们对最亲近的人感到敬畏。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we
can prepare ourselves to notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects. (不幸的是，我们
不能让别人表现得很好。但我们可以做好心理准备，在情绪出现时注意到它，并采取措施增强这种情绪的积极影
响)”可推断，感受日常生活中的惊奇，可以让我们感受到敬畏。故选C。
2.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want. But for now, experts say,
don’t throw away your books. Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies comparing dial and print
reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn more from reading online.
When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says the researcher.
Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads. We learn to
talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. It’s because the brain has no
special network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that evolved (进化) to do other
things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example, a coat hanger is great for putting your
clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator, you might straighten out the coat hanger and use it to
reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made for one thing and adapted it for something new.
That’s what the brain does when you read.
It’s great that the brain is so flexible. It’s one reason we can learn to do so many new things. But that can be a problem
when you make a switch from your reading material to another type of it. Namely, when we read online, the brain creates adifferent set of connections between cells from the ones it uses for reading in print. It basically adapts the same tool again
for the new task. This is like if you took a coat hanger and instead of straightening it out to fetch a blueberry, you twisted it
into a hook to unclog a drain (疏通下水道). Same original tool, two very different forms.
12．What can be known from the 2018 study?
A．Students can learn more from online materials.
B．Reading in print leads to a better understanding.
C．The Internet counts a lot in gathering information.
D．Fewer people prefer reading books at present time.
13．What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show what the brain takes to read.
B．To illustrate how the brain evolves.
C．To introduce a coat hanger’s functions.
D．To outline the features of reading.
14．What might cause a problem for the brain’s flexibility?
A．Different types of texts. B．Basic forms of the tools.
C．Different formats of texts. D．Interpersonal connections.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Always Bear Books in Mind
B．Try to Be a Reasonable Reader
C．How to Enhance Your Reading Comprehension?
D．Learn Better from Reading on Screen or on Paper?
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关阅读材质的研究。研究发现读纸质的书比读网络的信息
学到的东西多。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn
more from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says
the researcher.”（他们2018年的研究涉及超过17.1万名读者。“学生们通常认为他们从网上阅读中学到了更多。然
而，经过测试，结果表明，他们实际上比阅读印刷品时学习的要少，”研究人员说。）可知，研究发现，阅读纸
质书籍比阅读网络书籍所学到的东西多。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in
how the brain reads. We learn to talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real
work. It’s because the brain has no special network of cells just for reading. ”（专门研究大脑如何阅读的神经科学家玛
丽安·沃尔夫(Maryanne Wolf)解释说，阅读不是自然的。我们通过倾听周围人的声音来学习说话。这是相当自动的。
但是学习阅读需要真正的努力。这是因为大脑没有专门用于阅读的细胞网络。）及“For example, a coat hanger is
great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator, you might straighten out the coat
hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made for one thing and adapted it for
something new. That’s what the brain does when you read.”（例如，衣架很适合把你的衣服放在壁橱里。但如果蓝莓
在冰箱下面滚来滚去，你可以把衣架弄直，用它抵达到冰箱下面，把蓝莓拉出来。你把一个为一件事而设计的工
具改造成新的东西。当你阅读时，大脑就是这么做的。）可知，作者通过例举拿衣架到冰箱里取蓝莓的行为，给
我们展示大脑阅读的能力也是类似的，即通过阅读，我们可以了解更多的东西。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s great that the brain is so flexible. It’s one reason we can learn to do so many
new things. But that can be a problem when you make a switch from your reading material to another type of it. Namely,
when we read online, the brain creates a different set of connections between cells from the ones it uses for reading in print.
It basically adapts the same tool again for the new task. ”（大脑如此灵活真是太棒了。这是我们可以学会做这么多新事
情的原因之一。但当你从你的阅读材料切换到另一种类型的阅读材料时，这可能是一个问题。也就是说，当我们
在线阅读时，大脑在细胞之间建立了一套不同于阅读纸质书时的连接。它基本上将相同的工具再次用于新任
务。）可知，当阅读的文本类型转换时（即不同的文本类型）会给大脑的灵活性带来困扰。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often
think they learn more from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when
reading in print,” says the researcher.”（他们2018年的研究涉及超过17.1万名读者。“学生们通常认为他们从网上
阅读中学到了更多。然而，经过测试，结果表明，他们实际上比阅读印刷品时学习的要少，”研究人员说。）可
知，本文主要介绍一项研究成果。研究发现，阅读纸质书籍比阅读网络书籍所学到的东西多。故选D。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Coming of age is that time in each of our lives when we begin to see the possibilities. The world opens up in ways that
matures our vision, gives us a sense of responsibility and gratitude. Connor Thomson had just started college and loved
being at that phase in his life where he could eat all the pizza he wanted, yet engage in adult conversations with his parents
about the responsibility to make life better for others. Connor’s optimism was striking. There was so much he could do, so
much he could become. But it all ended one night when Connor was distracted(分心的) while driving in a Colorado
canyon.
Connor’s father, David, took it particularly hard. A father sees more than his own traits in his son; he sees greater
possibilities than he achieved. Taking that hope away left David feeling aimless. But Connor’s optimism was one of those
traits passed on to him by his father. So David got to work. First, he established the Honor Connor Scholarship Fund to
reward students who served in the community. Next, he went to work creating a research-based curriculum that educates
University of Colorado Boulder students and their families about the dangers of texting and driving.
David now works with lecturers at various colleges and high schools, ensuring young minds understand how statically
at risk they are when they text and drive. He’s become a passionate advocate for preparing young people to drive safely and
not subconsciously reach for their phones while they’re at the wheel. It includes a very simple three-part commitment: to
not text or use social media while driving, speak out if riding with a driver who is distracted and encourage friends and
family to drive phone-free.
While every constructive effort reminds David of the loss he suffered, he is encouraged knowing that more young
people with so much to of r the word will be around to do good. “I get to be a part of what Connor would have done,” says
David.
4．Why does the author mention Coming of age?
A．To display Connor’s optimism. B．To convey his regret for Connor.
C．To offer the family background. D．To show Connor’s academic talent.5．Which of the following can best describe David?
A．Optimistic and helpful. B．Self-centered but determined.
C．Thoughtful and daring. D．Cool-minded but reasonable.
6．What does David now focus on?
A．Managing his own company. B．Keeping the three-part promise.
C．Saving people from distracted driving. D．Keeping students focused on school.
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How a death could affect a whole family.
B．What lesson we can get from an accident.
C．A young man’s life claimed by careless driving.
D．One father turning his loss into helping others.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Connor在一次事故中失去了生命，但是他的父亲David化悲痛为
力量，为大学设立奖学金，而且还宣传安全驾驶知识。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Coming of age is that time in each of our lives when we begin to see the possibilities.
The world opens up in ways that matures our vision, gives us a sense of responsibility and gratitude... But it all ended one
night when Connor was distracted (分心的) while driving in a Colorado canyon.(成年是我们每个人开始看到可能性的时
候。这个世界的开放使我们的视野更加成熟，给我们一种责任感和感恩之心……但有一天晚上，Connor在科罗拉
多峡谷开车时分心了，一切都结束了)”可知，成年是美好的，每个人都开始看到可能性的时候，但是Connor却在
成年的时候因为开车分心而失去了生命。由此推知，作者提到“成年”是为了表达他对Connor失去生命的遗憾。
故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But Connor’s optimism was one of those traits passed on to him by his father.(但是
Connor的乐观是他父亲遗传给他的特质之一)”和“So David got to work. First, he established the Honor Connor
Scholarship Fund to reward students who served in the community. Next, he went to work creating a research-based
curriculum that educates University of Colorado Boulder students and their families about the dangers of texting and
driving.(所以大卫开始工作。首先，他设立了Connor荣誉奖学金基金，以奖励在社区服务的学生。接下来，他开
始创建一个以研究为基础的课程，教育科罗拉多大学博尔德分校学生和他们的家人有关发短信和开车的危险)”可推
知，David乐观且乐于助人，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“David now works with lecturers at various colleges and high schools, ensuring young
minds understand how statically at risk they are when they text and drive. (David现在与各大学和高中的讲师合作，确保
年轻人了解他们在发短信和开车时有多大的静态风险)”可知，现在David主要与各大学和高中的讲师合作，确保年
轻人了解他们在发短信和开车时有多大的静态风险，即他现在主要关注于从分心驾驶中拯救人们。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“While every constructive effort reminds David of the loss he suffered, he
is encouraged knowing that more young people with so much to of r the word will be around to do good. “I get to be a part
of what Connor would have done,” says David.(尽管每一次建设性的努力都会让David想起他所遭受的损失，但是他
仍然感到鼓舞，因为他知道更多的年轻人会在这个世界上做好事。“我要成为Connor会做的事情的一部
分，”David说)”可知，文章主要讲述了Connor在一次事故中失去了生命，但是他的父亲David化悲痛为力量，为
大学设立奖学金，而且还宣传安全驾驶知识。由此可知，D项“一个父亲化悲痛为力量来帮助别人”能够概括文
章大意。故选D。
2.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】Tiny sensory hair cells called stereocilia(静纤毛)located in your inner ear are responsible for detecting sound. When
these become damaged, either by genetic disorders, loud sounds or old age, it can lead to hearing difficulties and even
deafness.
Now, in a series of experiments on mice, researchers based at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the
University of Sheffield have identified a protein that can be delivered to these hair cells in order to stimulate their growth.
“Our discovery shows that hair cell function can be restored in certain cells,” said Dr Uri Manor, assistant research
professor and director of the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core at Salk.
Stereocilia hair cells are found throughout the cochlea(耳蜗). Regions of the cochlea that sense low frequencies have
longer stereocilia, while regions that sense high frequencies have shorter stereocilia. When sounds enter the ear, they cause
fluid within the cochlea to vibrate(振动), which in turn causes the stereocilia to move. These hair cells then send signals to
neurons(神经元), which pass on information about the sounds that we are hearing to the brain.
In their previous studies, Manor and Prof Walter Marotti found that the protein EPS8 was involved in determining the
length of stereocilia. Without the protein, the growth of the hairs is stunted and they remain very short. For this latest study,
the two researchers teamed up to design an experiment to see if adding EPS8 to stereocilia hair cells could stimulate their
regrowth and improve hearing in mic. They used a common gene therapy(基因治疗)technique to deliver the protein to the
hair cells on the back of a virus. They then investigated the effects using imaging techniques.
The team found that EPS8 increased the length of the stereocilia and restored their function in low-frequency cells,
although not enough to restore the hearing of the mice. However, they also found that the cells seemed to lose their ability to
regenerate as they aged. The researchers now plan to investigate the action of EPS8 further, with the hope of extending the
age range over which it is effective.
12．What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraphs 1 and 2?
A．To reveal causes of hearing problems.
B．To show different functions of stereocilia.
C．To prove the necessity of hearing protection.
D．To introduce the finding of a hearing-improving protein.
13．What does the underlined word “stunted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Guaranteed. B．Prevented. C．Recorded. D．Reflected.
14．What did the researchers use the gene therapy technique to do?
A．Help mice grow faster. B．Keep viruses from growing.
C．Send EPS8 to stereocilia hair cells D．Remove aged stereocilia hair cells.
15．What do the researchers plan to do?
A．Restore the hearing of the mice. B．Make EPS8 effective in aging cells.
C．Investigate the formation of EPS8. D．Count low-frequency cells of aging mice.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现了一种对恢复静纤毛功能的蛋白质。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Tiny sensory hair cells called stereocilia(静纤毛)located in your inner ear are
responsible for detecting sound. When these become damaged, either by genetic disorders, loud sounds or old age, it can
lead to hearing difficulties and even deafness.”（位于内耳的被称为静纤毛的微小感觉毛细胞负责探测声音。当这些受
损时，无论是由于遗传疾病，过大的声音还是年纪变老，都可能导致听力困难甚至耳聋。）可知，第一段介绍了
静纤毛的概念和作用为提出发现做铺垫，根据第二段第一句“Now, in a series of experiments on mice, researchers
based at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of Sheffield have identified a protein that can bedelivered to these hair cells in order to stimulate their growth.”（现在，在对老鼠进行的一系列实验中，索尔克生物研
究所和谢菲尔德大学的研究人员已经确定了一种蛋白质，可以传递给这些毛细胞，以刺激它们的生长。）可知，
第二段介绍了一个新的发现。由此判断，第一、二段介绍了一种能改善听力的蛋白质的研究。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。第四段提到“In their previous studies, Manor and Prof Walter Marotti found that the protein EPS8 was
involved in determining the length of stereocilia.”（在之前的研究中，马诺和沃尔特·马罗蒂教授发现EPS8蛋白参与
决定直立纤毛的长度。）及“. . . they remain very short”（它们仍然很短）由此判断，EPS8决定静纤毛的长度，没
有它的话，静纤毛的发育长度也很短，说明EPS8会抑制静纤毛的生长。B项prevent“阻止”符合文意。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“They used a common gene therapy(基因治疗)technique to de-liver the protein to the hair
cells on the back of a virus. They then investigated the effects using imaging techniques.”（他们使用了一种常见的基因治
疗技术，将蛋白质传递到病毒背后的毛细胞中。然后，他们用成像技术研究了这些影响。）由此判断，该项基因
治疗是可以可以将EPS8传递到静纤毛毛发细胞中的。故选C。
15．推理判断题。第五段提到“The researchers now plan to investigate the action of EPS8 further, with the hope of
extending the age range over which it is effective.”（研究人员现在计划进一步研究EPS8的作用，希望能扩大其有效
的年龄范围。）由此判断，研究人员希望能够扩大EPS8的的年龄使用范围，使其对衰老的细胞也有效果。故选
B。
3.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】
As an education specialist, I believe the best way to prepare students for colleges and careers is to focus on providing
instructional programs and opportunities that help them become good thinkers. To do this, teachers and actually everyone
else in a community, should play a role as a “cognitive(认知)coach” to students, helping develop good thinkers among our
youth.
The best way for you to become a cognitive coach is to seek out and engage school children and adolescents in
meaningful conversations. The objective here is to get kids talking about what they think, how they feel, and what they
believe whenever and wherever you may find them. It may be in a classroom. It may be at the grocery store. It may be at a
basketball game. It doesn’t matter where as long as you engage students in a topical conversation and, hopefully, even a
debate. Mainly, you want to encourage students to voice their opinion about things. Get them to take a position on “this
thing, or that thing,” and ask them to support their position with evidence. Curiously enough, the simple process of
engaging students in real life conversations and debates will serve to strengthen what they have learned in the classroom,
and help them create their own knowledge about a subject or a topic.
Learning indicates that a student has been exposed to material, understands the material, and can recall the information.
Knowledge, on the other hand, goes beyond recall and includes information processing, application to other situations,
consideration of meaning, and contrasting with other concepts. Naturally, the topic of conversation you engage in with one
of your learners will differ from student to student, and in the level of complexity based on child’s age and developmental
level. Even a kindergartener has an opinion about things that are going on in his or her life. Engaging in conversation with
any members of your learning community in ways that get at what they have learned and what they know will help them
develop higher order reasoning skills.
A student’s synthetic thinking(综合思维)process occurs when a respected adult asks a question, particularly a question
that requires reflection. I think all adults in a community have a responsibility to help children with this process, with the
goal of producing independent thinkers.
4．What contributes most to developing good young thinkers?
A．Debating with classmates. B．Learning from respected adults.
C．Engaging in challenging activities. D．Putting forward a sensible argument.5．Which is the best question raised by a cognitive coach?
A．What have you learnt recently? B．What nationality is Elbert Einstein?
C．Why do you like playing football? D．Where are you going this weekend?
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning a kindergartener?
A．Being a good young thinker is important.
B．Choosing conversation topics accordingly is essential.
C．Cultivating good young thinkers should start as early as possible.
D．Even children have their unique and independent ways of thinking.
7．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To state an education idea. B．To assess a teaching strategy.
C．To introduce a learning method. D．To compare different education methods.
【答案】4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A
【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章论证的主题是成年人有义务帮助孩子成为优秀思考者。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mainly, you want to encourage students to voice their opinion about things. Get them to
take a position on ‘this thing, or that thing, ‘and ask them to sup-port their position with evidence.”（主要是，你想鼓励学
生表达他们对事物的看法。让他们对“这件事或那件事”采取立场，并要求他们用证据支持自己的立场。）可知，
训练学生有理有据地论证自己的观点是培养优秀思考者的主要方式。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Curiously enough, the simple process of engaging students in real life conversations and
debates will serve to strengthen what they have learned in the class-room, and help them create their own knowledge about
a subject or a topic.”（奇怪的是，让学生参与现实生活中的对话和辩论的简单过程将有助于加强他们在课堂上学到
的东西，并帮助他们创造自己对某个主题或主题的知识。）和第三段“Knowledge, on the other hand, goes beyond
recall and includes information processing, application to other situations, consideration of meaning, and contrasting with
other concepts.”（另一方面，知识超越了回忆，包括信息处理、对其他情况的应用、对意义的考虑以及与其他概念
的对比。）可知，认知教练提出的话题问题不是记忆性的，而是要带有信息加工等批判性思维内容，C项“为什
么你喜欢踢足球？”，就是一个需要进行信息加工后回答的问题。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Naturally, the topic of conversation you engage in with one of your learners will differ
from student to student, and in the level of complexity based on child’s age and developmental level.”（当然，你与其中一
位学习者的谈话主题会因学生而异，而且根据孩子的年龄和发展水平，谈话的复杂性也会有所不同。）可知，话
题的主题要因人而异，要考虑到孩子的年龄和认知发展程度。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“I think all adults in a community have a responsibility to help children with this process,
with the goal of producing independent thinkers.”（我认为，一个团体中的所有成年人都有责任帮助儿童完成这一过
程，目的是培养独立的思想家。）可知，全文的主旨是作者要论述自己的教育观点。故选A项。
4.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】
Would you go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games or your mobile, or would you
easily survive?
Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called “Unplugged”. It
was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms
of media devices for 24 hours.
Unplugged is being run by Dr. Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth
University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr.Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the experiment affected volunteers. He said, “They’re reporting
withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾综合征), overeating, and feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected.”
During their 24-hour painful experience, three of the experiment’s guinea pigs had to endure one intrusion (侵扰) from
the media: a reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines
about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.
Elliot wrote, “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social
importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty I felt without the radio or newspapers.”
And Charlotte wrote, “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile; not only is it a
social tool, but it’s my main access point of communication.”
Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK young people spend about half of their waking hours
using the media. And a recent study found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month --
that’s about six texts per waking hour.
So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the
future?
12．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To ask for information. B．To entertain the readers.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To present an idea.
13．About Dr. Roman Gerodimos’ experiment, we know that ______.
A．the experiment is still going on B．volunteers felt uncomfortable in it
C．volunteers didn’t want to eat anything D．volunteers were allowed to take their laptops.
14．What’s Elliot’s feeling of losing touch with social media?
A．satisfied B．relaxed C．delighted D．bored
15．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Unplugging Your Life B．Surviving Without the Media
C．Valuing Social Communication D．Setting Aside Time for Sleep
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为“Unplugged”的一项实验，该实验针对人们在关闭各种社交
媒体后的反应进行了研究。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Would you go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games or
your mobile, or would you easily survive?”（你会在两个小时没有电视、没有朋友请求、没有令人兴奋的网络游戏或
手机的情况下发疯吗？）及第二段“Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global
experiment called “Unplugged”. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total
media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.”（最近，世界各地的大学生被要求自愿参加一项名
为“不插电”的全球实验。该实验的目的是观察如果年轻人被要求24小时不使用任何形式的媒体设备，遵守完全
禁止媒体的规定，他们会有什么反应。）可知，第一段对人们脱离媒体设备的反应提出了疑问，引出文章主题，
即下文的“不插电”的全球试验。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾综合征), overeating, and feeling
nervous, isolated and disconnected”（他们表现出了脱瘾综合征，暴饮暴食、情绪紧张、孤立和疏离的特征。）可知，
参加实验的志愿者在脱离媒体设备后，感到不适。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of thesocial importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty I felt without the radio or newspapers.”（今天，我整个早上
的计划都泡汤了。尽管意识到媒体的社会重要性，但我惊讶地发现，没有广播和报纸，我感到多么空虚。）可知，
在脱离各种媒体设备后，Elliot感到空虚无聊。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global
experiment called “Unplugged”. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total
media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.”（最近，世界各地的大学生被要求自愿参加一项名
为“不插电”的全球实验。该实验的目的是观察如果年轻人被要求24小时不使用任何形式的媒体设备，遵守完全
禁止媒体的规定，他们会有什么反应。）并结合后文实验的具体信息可知，文章主要介绍了名为“Unplugged”的
一项实验，该实验要求志愿者脱离所有的社交媒体24小时，并观察他们的反应，A项“让你的生活“不插电””
生动形象，适合作文章标题文。故选A项。
5.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
In a strawberry field surrounded by strawberry fields on the outskirts of Santa Maria, a pair of robots have been
picking berries all summer.
Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a
plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of
ripe berries. If an unripe berry is in the way, the robot repositions for a better angle. As nipper-grabber (夹爪) mounted in
the middle of the sensors stretches to cut the berry’s stem (茎), then cautiously places it in awaiting plastic container at the
robot’s base.
Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水培的) tabletops, not the ground
shadberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making berms cower to be poked up with
robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.
Since hitting this field last spring, the robots are on their way to picking nearly as many berries as human pickers, and
with 95% accuracy, according to Tortuga. Unlike a human, the Tortuga robots don’t need breaks, can’t get sick, are always
ready to work and can pick all day and into the night. With wages making up so much of a grower’s expense, the allure of
a robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient over time is hard to resist.
I do think the best humans are going to be able to outperform robots at these judgment-driven tasks,” said Eric
Adamson, Tortuga’s cofounder and chief executive. “But that’s OK. It doesn’t have to be better than every human; it just
has to be better than enough people.”
Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than labor-saving devices. They see them as the
only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulation can adapt and survive.
8．How can the robot detect ripe strawberries?
A．By analyzing the sensor data. B．By observing their positions.
C．By monitoring their stems. D．By testing them in containers.
9．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Add some relevant information. B．Provide some advice for growers.
C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
10．What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Pressure. B．Appeal. C．Impact. D．Expansion.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Robots replacing human labor.
B．Urgent need for agricultural robots.C．Robots shaping the future of strawberry.
D．Great challenges of future robots.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans
the sensor data in search of ripe berries.(机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感器数据，寻找成熟的浆
果。)”可知，机器人通过对传感器数据的分析检测成熟的草莓，故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水
培的) tabletops, not the ground shadberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making
berms cower to be poked up with robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.(Tortuga的机
器人被设计用来从水培桌上种植的植物中采摘草莓，而不是地面上的树莓。桌面系统使Tortuga的草莓机器人能够
工作，通过使窄道降低，并用机械手臂戳起，保护机器人不直接暴露在环境中。)”可知，作者在第3段打算添加一
些关于这种机器人的相关信息。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段的“a robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient(机器人
提高了可靠性，并有可能变得更具成本效益)”和“wages making up so much of a grower’s expense(工资占了种植者开
支的很大一部分)”可知，机器人更可靠，可以节约成本，所以这种吸引力是难以抗拒的，划线词allure的意思是
“吸引力”，和appeal意思相近，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls
in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision
software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries.(每个机器人都是由科罗拉多州一家名为Tortuga AgTech的公司
制造的，它们带着轮子在田地里滚动，然后停在植物前面。机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感
器数据，寻找成熟的浆果。)”和最后一段的“Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than
labor-saving devices. They see them as the only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical
regulation can adapt and survive.(与此同时，Tortuga背后的团队认为农业机器人不仅仅是节省劳动力的设备。他们
认为，这是一个面临气候变化、土地使用和化学品监管的行业适应和生存的唯一途径。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是
采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景，C选项“Robots shaping the future of strawberry.(机器人塑造草莓的未来)”是文章
的主旨，故选C。
6.【2023届广东省八市高考4月二联考】
Two separate research groups in the UK and Denmark have come up with the same idea for a study that could help
save endangered species, and have gotten the same results. It involves sucking environmental DNA from the air that animals
leave behind.
“We use a really small pump that pulls the air through, and we hope the DNA gets caught on the filter (过滤器),” said
Elizabeth Clare, the lead researcher. “It’s a bit like making coffee. You make coffee by sucking water through a filter and
leaving the coffee grounds behind. That’s basically what we’re doing; we’re just sucking the air through and hoping that the
DNA gets left behind.”
Clare says the concept has been used for years in different ways. Scientists sample pathogens (病原体) from the air,
which has been used to help track COVID-19. Environmental DNA can also be collected from water to help ease invasive
species.
A big goal for both research teams with the new study is to be able to locate endangered species and help save them. It
is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a species is in the area, so if there were two of
the same animal, scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA came from.Both research groups also reported certain DNA samples not showing up when they knew an animal had been in the
area. They also can’t tell yet how long an animal’s DNA will stick around after it’s been in one area. Clare says she’d like to
plan more researches to get these answers.
But one thing is for sure after conducting the study. Clare says she has a whole new perspective on taking a deep
breath. “As you know, I’m walking through a jungle or the park or taking my dog for a walk or my kids out to play, and I
take a deep breath; I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been here before, and as a scientist, that’s
exciting to think that the information that I’m trying to gather is literally hanging in front of me,” she said.
12．Why does the author mention coffee-making?
A．To show the function of a filter.
B．To illustrate how the idea works.
C．To compare two different methods.
D．To prove how simply DNA-sucking works.
13．What does the underlined phrase “the concept” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Detecting danger in the air.
B．Protecting endangered animals.
C．Sucking DNA out of the air.
D．Collecting environmental samples.
14．What do we know about the new method of DNA sampling?
A．It distinguishes different DNAs.
B．It collects certain DNA within range.
C．It locates endangered species exactly.
D．It predicts the duration of animals’ stay.
15．What can we infer from Clare’s words in the last paragraph?
A．She breathes the air of hope for future studies.
B．She agrees with the benefits of deep breathing.
C．She adopts brand-new methods of purifying the air.
D．She finds inner peace by doing simple things in life.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。英国和丹麦的两个独立研究小组提出了从动物留下的空气中吸取环境DNA这一
研究想法来帮助拯救濒危物种，并取得了相同的结果。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“You make coffee by sucking water through a filter and leaving the coffee grounds
behind. That’s basically what we’re doing; we’re just sucking the air through and hoping that the DNA gets left behind.(煮
咖啡的方法是用过滤器吸水，然后留下咖啡渣。这基本上就是我们正在做的；我们只是把空气吸进去，希望DNA
能留下)”可推知，制作咖啡和过滤DNA有相同之处，所以文章提到制作咖啡是为了详细阐述用过滤器捕捉DNA
这一研究想法是如何进行的。故选B。
13．短语猜测题。分析文章结构，the concept所指代的内容在上文。根据上文中的“That’s basically what we’re
doing; we’re just sucking the air through and hoping that the DNA gets left behind.(这基本上就是我们正在做的；我们只
是把空气吸进去，希望DNA能留下)”可知，the concept指代从空气来吸取DNA这一研究想法。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a
species is in the area, so if there were two of the same animal, scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA camefrom.(需要注意的是，只有当一个物种在该地区时，才能进行这种类型的DNA采样，因此，如果有两种相同的动
物，科学家将无法判断DNA来自哪一种)”可知，这种DNA采样的新方法可以收集可及范围内的特定DNA。故选
B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clare说的话“I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been
here before, and as a scientist, that’s exciting to think that the information that I’m trying to gather is literally hanging in
front of me(我想我只是吸入了以前在这里发生过的所有事情的信息，作为一名科学家，想到我试图收集的信息就在
我面前，真是令人兴奋)”推知，Clare认为这种研究方法是有希望的，即她呼吸着对未来研究充满希望的空气。故
选A。
7.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】
Have you ever chatted with a friend about buying a certain item and been targeted with an ad for that same item the
next day? If so, you may have wondered whether your smartphone was “listening” to you.
We can definitely say that your phone is listening to you via your device s onboard microphone. It always has to listen
to you so it can hear your voice command and assist you. Why is my phone listening to me? When you ask Siri to find
something, this information is used for targeted ads. It’s not different from typing something into Baidu. If you’re looking
for car dealerships in your city, related ads will start chasing you across the Internet in a way a virtual assistant is just
another search engine.
What’s worse, your device doesn’t need to listen to your conversations. There’s a good chance you’re already giving it
all the information it needs. Most of us regularly disclose our information to a wide range of websites and apps. We do this
when we grant them certain permissions, or allow “cookies” to track our online activities.
So-called cookies allow websites to “remember” certain details about our interaction with the site. For instance, login
cookies let you save your login details so you don’t have to re-enter them each time. The cookie will host marketer’s ads
and grant it access to data it collects from you (which you will have given it permission to do—perhaps by clicking on some
harmless looking popup).
As such, the advertiser can build a picture of your life: your routines, wants and needs. These companies constantly
seek to evaluate the popularity of their products and how this varies based on factors such as a customer’s age, gender,
height, weight, job and hobbies.
8．Why does the author mention “Siri” and “Baidu” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a rule. B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To make a prediction. D．To clarify a view.
9．What is the author’s attitude to the personal information being tracked by websites?
A．Unfavorable. B．Tolerant. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
10．How can the companies constantly seek to evaluate the popularity of their products?
A．By ringing you for your routines, wants and needs.
B．By enquiring your friends about your preferences.
C．By buying your personal information secretly.
D．By collecting your routines, wants and needs.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Your smart phone is “listening” to you. B．You can’t live without the smart phone.
C．Baidu Search engine is helping you. D．Audio Siri is always helping you.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．A【文章大意】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍你的手机一直在“听”你讲话，并记录你的讲话内容。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We can definitely say that your phone is listening to you via your device s onboard
microphone. It always has to listen to you so it can hear your voice command and assist you.”（我们可以肯定地说，你的
手机正在通过设备自带的麦克风听你说话。它必须一直听你说话，这样它才能听到你的声音命令和帮助你。）以
及后面提到“Sir”和“Baidu”可知，是为了进一步阐释这个观点。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二、三段中“If you’re looking for car dealerships in your city, related ads will start chasing you
across the Internet in a way a virtual assistant is just another search engine. What’s worse, your device doesn’t need to listen
to your conversations. There’s a good chance you’re already giving it all the information it needs.”（如果你正在你所在的
城市寻找汽车经销商，相关广告将开始在互联网上追逐你，就像虚拟助手只是另一个搜索引擎一样。更糟糕的是，
你的设备不需要听你的对话。很有可能你已经给了它所需的所有信息。）可推知，作者对网站追踪个人信息的行
为持不支持的态度。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As such, the advertiser can build a picture of your life: your routines, wants and needs.
These companies constantly seek to evaluate the popularity of their products and how this varies based on factors such as a
customer’s age, gender, height, weight, job and hobbies.”（因此，广告商可以为你的生活构建一幅图画:你的日常生活、
你的想要和需要。这些公司不断地寻求评估其产品的受欢迎程度，以及根据顾客的年龄、性别、身高、体重、工
作和爱好等因素来评估其受欢迎程度的差异。）可知，公司通过收集你的日常生活、想要的和需要来不断地评估
其产品的受欢迎程度。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“If so, you may have wondered whether your smartphone was
“listening” to you.”（如果是这样，你可能想知道你的智能手机是否在“听”你说话。）和第二段第一句“We can
definitely say that your phone is listening to you via your device s onboard microphone.”（我们可以肯定地说，你的手机
正在通过设备自带的麦克风听你说话。）可知，文章最适合的标题为“你的智能手机正在“听”你说话。”故选
A项。
8.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
Taylor Swift, US singer-songwriter known for hits such as Shake It Off and You Belong With Me, has earned a new
praise-she now has a new species of millipede (千足虫) named in her honor.
The millipede Nannaria swiftae joins 16 other new species described from the Appalachian Mountains of the United
States. They have a valuable role, for they break down leaf litter and release their nutrients into the ecosystem. They live on
the forest floor, where they feed on rotten leaves and other plant matter, and in fact, they are somewhat tricky to catch,
because they tend to remain buried in the soil, sometimes staying completely beneath the surface.
Because of their presence in museum collections, scientists long suspected that the millipedes included many new
species, but these specimens (标本) went undescribed for decades. To fix this, the researchers began a multi-year project to
collect new specimens throughout the eastern US. They traveled to 17 US states, checking under leaf litter, rocks, and logs
to find species so that they could sequence (测定序列) their DNA and scientifically describe them.
Looking at over 1, 800 specimens collected on their field study or taken from university and museum collections, the
authors described 17 new species, including Nannaria marianae, which was named after Hennen’s wife. They discovered
that the millipedes prefer to live in forested habitats near streams and are often found buried under the soil, exhibiting more
mysterious behaviors than their relatives.
The lead author of the study, Derek Hennen, a fan of Taylor Swift says, “Her music helped me get through the highs
and lows of graduate school, so naming a new millipede species after her is my way of saying thanks.”
28．Why is it tough to seize the millipede?
A．It’s flexible. B．It hides well. C．It feeds on leaves. D．It looks like litter.29．What is the author’s purpose in writing the third paragraph?
A．To show scientists’ tough work. B．To blame researchers’ carelessness.
C．To illustrate millipedes’ importance. D．To emphasize invention in scientific studies.
30．In which aspect does the millipede differ from its relatives?
A．Habitat. B．Diet. C．Nutrition. D．Mystery.
31．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Taylor Swift Is a Famous Singer-Songwriter.B．Scientists Conduct Research on the Millipede.
C．Research on the Millipede Amazed Scientists. D．Millipede Species Named after Taylor Swift.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．A 31．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于一种千足虫新物种的研究，并且以美国歌手泰勒·斯威夫特的名
字来命名。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“They live on the forest floor, where they feed on rotten leaves and other plant matter, and
in fact, they are somewhat tricky to catch, because they tend to remain buried in the soil, sometimes staying completely
beneath the surface. (它们生活在森林的地面上，以腐烂的叶子和其他植物为食，事实上，它们有点难以捕捉，因为
它们往往埋在土壤中，有时完全停留在地表以下。)”可知，它们隐藏得好是难以捕捉的原因。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Because of their presence in museum collections, scientists long suspected that the
millipedes included many new species, but these specimens (标本) went undescribed for decades. To fix this, the
researchers began a multi-year project to collect new specimens throughout the eastern US. They traveled to 17 US states,
checking under leaf litter, rocks, and logs to find species so that they could sequence (测定序列) their DNA and
scientifically describe them. (由于千足虫在博物馆藏品中的存在，科学家们一直怀疑千足虫包括许多新物种，但这些
标本几十年来都没有被描述。为了解决这一问题，研究人员开始了一项为期多年的项目，在美国东部各地收集新
的标本。他们前往美国17个州，在落叶、岩石和原木底下寻找新的千足虫物种，以便对它们的DNA进行测序并
对其进行科学描述。)”可推断，作者在本段主要想说明科学家的艰苦工作。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“They discovered that the millipedes prefer to live in forested habitats near streams and
are often found buried under the soil, exhibiting more mysterious behaviors than their relatives.( 他们发现千足虫喜欢生
活在靠近溪流的森林栖息地，经常被发现埋在土壤下，表现出比它们的亲戚更神秘的行为。)”知，这种千足虫与其
亲缘物种的差异之处表现在其栖息地。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。第一段提到“Taylor Swift, US singer-songwriter known for hits such as Shake It Off and You Belong
With Me, has earned a new praise-she now has a new species of millipede named in her honor. (以《Shake It Off》和《You
Belong With Me》等热门歌曲闻名的美国创作型歌手泰勒·斯威夫特获得了新的赞誉——一种新的千足虫以她的名
字命名。)”，文章接下来就此展开，主要介绍了一种以泰勒·斯威夫特的名字命名的千足虫新物种。因此，D项
“Millipede Species Named after Taylor Swift. (以泰勒·斯威夫特命名的千足虫。)”作文章标题最佳。故选D。
9.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of
information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden
than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting.
The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control
our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others
suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in
evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to takevacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine.
Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain
apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself
to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot
of stress.
Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over
screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪
黑素) .
Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind,
emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important
things.
28．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1?
A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem.
C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction.
29．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．Escape. D．Suffer.
30．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”?
A．Apps selection difficulty. B．Fear of missing important things.
C．Exposure to false news. D．Pressure from social comparison.
31．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices.
C．To give instructions on starting digital detox.D．To present different attitudes to digital products.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字排毒”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as
connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification(我们大多数
人的生活都被屏幕包围着，它给我们提供了便利、联系和信息的海洋。 但因为要跟上每一个通知很容易感到压
力)”可知，科技带来了便利，但也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”
是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字排毒”。故选B项。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other
forms of technology that dominate our lives for a period of time. (数字排毒这个短语描述的是摆脱电视、电话、电脑和
其他形式的技术，这些技术在一段时间内主导了我们的生活)”可知，“数字排毒”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，
所以此处unplug from their digital routine是指“摆脱”数字生活，即unplug是“摆脱、脱离”的意思。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear
missing out on things that other people are enjoying. (也许社交媒体让人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较，或者你害怕
错过别人喜欢的东西。)”可知，一个人可能开始“数字排毒”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的
压力。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may
be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and
focus on really important things.(放弃所有的屏幕可能不现实，但有策略性地脱离科技可能对你的身体、思想、情感和人际关系有好处。 现在是时候关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情)”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于
重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。故选B项。
10.【2023届山东省济南市高三三模】
For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind
on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the
benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while
driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can
wear to better protect your life.
Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with
an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and
produce the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the
tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of
the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and
worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to
prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if
he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s
because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a
complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for
them is certainly a worthy effort.
8．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To show the popularity of motorcycles. B．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans.
C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. D．To display the excitement of highway riding.
9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify.
B．Airbags offer overall protection for riders.
C．Mo cycle is famous for airbag design and production.
D．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology.
10．What is a feature of airbag jeans?
A．They lead a new fashion trend. B．They are comfortable to wear.
C．They are quick in response. D．They need fixing regularly.,
11．How does the author feel about the future of the airbag jeans?
A．Indifferent. B．Uncertain. C．Promising. D．Curious.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．C
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤可以更好地保护人们的生命，文章介绍了安全气
囊牛仔裤的原理以及涉及的技术。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the
open highway with the wind on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener
way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected
by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, arepersonal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.(对于摩托车爱好者来说，没有什么比骑着摩托车在开阔的
高速公路上迎风而行更令人兴奋的了。随着汽油价格的上涨，骑摩托车是一种既经济又环保的出行方式。随着这
些好处而来的是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔之外，
最新的安全创新产品——新型安全气囊牛仔裤——是一种个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生命)”可
推知，第一段的目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology company
which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce the airbags jeans. This kind
of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident.
According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because
spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.”(现在，一家瑞典公司Mo’cycle与一家
安全气囊技术公司合作，设计和生产安全气囊牛仔裤。该公司之前为摩托车手生产上半身保护装置。这种安全气
囊可以在发生事故时保护摩托车骑手的下半身，特别是尾骨。据该公司介绍，“它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护
脊柱的第一块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。”)”可推知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术。
故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds.(如
果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤的特点反应迅速。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads
safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道路对他们来说更安全
当然是值得的)”可推知，作者认为安全气囊牛仔裤的未来很有前途。故选C。
11.【2023届山东省济宁市三模】
A Day Out at the City FarmCome and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the
importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey!
Date:28 May 2023 (Sunday) Time:8 a.m. to 5 p.m.Venue: City Farm
GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. or 3 p.m.
Free registration (registration ends 5 minutes before tour starts)
Our friendly guide will share interesting facts about some common local plants and their uses. You will have an
opportunity to touch, smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. Our guide will also highlight some farming methods
that are environmentally friendly.
WORKSHOPS1．What can a visitor enjoy during the guided tour?
A．Trying out new farming methods.
B．Tasting some vegetables and fruits.
C．Visiting the farm without registration.
D．Sharing knowledge of plants with the locals.
2．How much need a couple with one child pay for My Miniature Garden?
A．$40. B．$55. C．$65. D．$80.
3．What is the main purpose of the event?
A．To instruct visitors to prepare gifts.
B．To advocate the protection of the farm plants.
C．To publicize the sale of organic produce.
D．To encourage people to grow their own food.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天。
1．细节理解题。根据GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. or 3 p.m.部分下的第二段中“You will have an opportunity to touch,
smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. (你将有机会触摸、闻和品尝一些蔬菜和水果。)”可知，在导游带领
下，游客可以品尝一些蔬菜和水果。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据My Miniature Garden部分下的“Tickets (payment at site): Children $15 per person Adult $25 per
person (门票（即场缴费）：儿童每位15元；成人每位25元)”可知，一对夫妻带着一个孩子去My Miniature Garden
需要花费：25*2+15=65，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Come and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the
importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey! (来和我们一
起玩一天吧！接触大自然，了解自己种植食物的重要性。带回你自己的小花园，开始你的城市农业之旅！)”和最后
两段提到建造小型花园和种子球可推知，文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天，其目的是为了鼓励人们自己种
植食物。故选D。
12.【2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模】
Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from
Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he started.
Liam, an experienced cyclist, had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He made short videos of that
trip, and shared them on the social media app TikTok, some of which became quite popular. After reading a book by
adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the
northernmost point in the United States accessible by road, to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America.
Liam set out on August 1, 2021. At first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip byhimself though it wouldn’t take that much money. But as he carried on, his parents became his strongest supporters.
After about three months, Liam had crossed the US, going south along the West Coast. By early December, he had
reached Mexico, from which his parents came to the US many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and
reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam
explained emotionally. But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico.
He was robbed in Mexico, and at one point, he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely
difficult. In all, he was robbed five times on the trip. He got very sick more than once. In Colombia, he had a bike accident
that left him injured and required surgery. In spite of it all, he kept going through rain, sun, heat, cold, deserts and
mountains.
Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10, 2023 — 527 days after he started. He had travelled through 14
countries along the way.
4．What contributed to Liam’s decision to bike through 14 countries?
A．His previous related experiences. B．His parents’ encouragement.
C．A desire to shoot short videos. D．A book by Jedidiah Jenkins.
5．Why did Liam feel special in Mexico?
A．He went there for the first time. B．He found his family tree’s roots.
C．He biked there as scheduled. D．He had to speak another language.
6．What can we say about Liam’s bike trip from Alaska to Argentina?
A．It’s eventful. B．It’s pleasant. C．It’s costly. D．It’s romantic.
7．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To inspire our love for nature.
B．To promote low-carbon travel.
C．To encourage us to see our strengths.
D．To call on us to learn a kind of spirit.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．B 7．D
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名经验丰富的自行车手——Liam Gamer在2021年8月1日开始他
的冒险骑行之旅，从阿拉斯加到阿根廷，沿途游历了14个国家，历经艰难险阻，在2023年1月初终于完成了他的
旅行。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to
Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road,
to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America.(在阅读了冒险家杰迪迪亚·詹金斯从俄勒冈州骑车到阿
根廷的一本书后，Liam决定从美国最北端的阿拉斯加普拉德霍湾骑车到南美洲最南端的阿根廷乌斯怀亚)”可知，
是在阅读了杰迪迪亚·詹金斯的书之后，开始骑车之旅的。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“By early December, he had reached Mexico, from which his parents came to the US
many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the
place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam explained emotionally. But Liam also faced challenges in
Mexico.(12月初，他到达了墨西哥，他的父母多年前就是从墨西哥来到美国的。“所以骑自行车穿越整个国家，重
新接触我的文化，学习我家乡的语言对我来说非常重要，”Liam激动地解释道。但利亚姆在墨西哥也面临着挑
战)”可知，Liam的家乡是墨西哥，骑行到此，可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知，Liam觉得在墨西哥很特
别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a
32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he
started.(Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32000公里自行车之旅。在2023年1
月初，他终于完成了他的旅行，在他开始17个月之后)”以及根据文章第三段“Liam set out on August 1, 2021. At
first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn’t take that much
money. But as he carried on, his parents became his strongest supporters.(Liam于2021年8月1日出发。起初，Liam的
父母对他独自进行这么长的自行车旅行并不太高兴，尽管这不会花那么多钱。但随着他的坚持，他的父母成了他
最坚定的支持者)”可知，Liam在完成自己的一个心愿。由此推知，他从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的旅行是愉快的。故选
B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章根据第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a
32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he
started.(Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32000公里自行车之旅。在2023年1
月初，他终于完成了他的旅行，在他开始17个月之后)”以及倒数第二段“He got very sick more than once. In
Colombia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite of it all, he kept going through rain,
sun, heat, cold, deserts and mountains.(他不止一次病得很重。在哥伦比亚，他骑自行车时发生了事故，导致他受伤，
需要接受手术。尽管如此，他还是经历了风雨、烈日、炎热、寒冷、沙漠和高山)”可知，Liam历经艰难险阻完成
旅行。由此推知，本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难，勇敢坚持的精神。故选D。
13.【2023·山东省威海市二模】
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread, and they are now being used by countless
individuals, professionals, and businesses worldwide. Despite their advantages, most network-based systems are highly at
risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful. For instance, an attack
on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity, while attacks on social media
networks can lead to exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer scientists worldwide have been trying to develop
advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious attacks, increasing a
network’s safety. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have been found to be particularly
promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a model can
rely or focus on when making predictions. Ideally, by analyzing large datasets, researchers should be able to identify the
most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools, and this can also be applied to intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection method that
could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs. This method was found to perform remarkably well when
compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques. Using the features they identified as most important
for intrusion detection, the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detection system. This system was found to be
capable of distinguishing between DDoS attacks and harmless network signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future, the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the development
of new, highly effective IDSs. In addition, the system they created using the features they identified could be applied in real-
world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
12．What does paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies?
A．Their targeted users. B．Their popularity.C．Their potential risk. D．Their advantages.
13．How can IDSs increase the safety of networks?
A．By tracking malicious attacks.
B．By starting anti-virus programs.
C．By sorting out user information.
D．By recognizing malicious attacks.
14．What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs?
A．Solving given tasks. B．Selecting reliable data features.
C．Making accurate predictions. D．Analyzing large enough datasets.
15．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
B．To promote network-based technologies.
C．To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
D．To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)相关技术和发展。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despite their advantages, most network-based systems are highly at risk of
malicious (恶意的) attacks. (尽管它们具有优势，但大多数基于网络的系统都很容易受到恶意攻击。)”可知，本段主
要想要指出系统都很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer scientists
worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to
identify malicious attacks, increasing a network’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家
一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，该系
统能够识别恶意攻击，提高安全性。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the
selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions. (开发和训练基于ML的IDS的一个
重要步骤是选择模型在进行预测时可以依赖或关注的数据特征。)”可知，选择可依赖的数据特征是该系统的重要核
心步骤。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer scientists
worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to
identify malicious attacks, increasing a network’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家
一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，本文
主要为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A项。
14.【2023届山西省大同市高三下学期5月三模】
The impact of the man-made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating,
air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is contributing to sea level
rise, and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the
century if we continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study
says.
Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plantsand wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022, the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as
experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% to 47% dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing
extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines
become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
Aside from Emperor penguins, other Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes, were also
highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic
species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming
from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best
chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的)species like the Emperor penguins and
all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will also help humankind, as we rely heavily on the priceless
services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
12．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B．Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C．Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.
D．Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.
13．Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic
B．To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C．To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D．To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
14．What is probably the best conservation policy?
A．Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.
B．Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C．Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D．Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B．Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C．More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica
D．The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是研究发现，到2100年，南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，现
有的保护工作不足以保护南极生态系统，我们迫切需要结合全球行动，以最好地保护南极物种。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we
continue with business as usual.(如果我们继续照常营业，到本世纪末，南极生物多样性可能会大幅下降。)”可知，
这样继续下去，南极的生物多样性会急剧下降，由此可推知， 保护工作是迫切需要的。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of
the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service DirectorMartha Williams at the time.( “这一名单反映了日益严重的物种灭绝危机，凸显了ESA的重要性，以及在种群数量下
降不可逆转之前保护物种的努力。”当时的服务主管玛莎·威廉姆斯说。)”可知， 气候变化正在对世界各地的物种
产生深远影响，帝企鹅列人名单是一个行动号召，来保护南极洲野生动物。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best
conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to
Antarctica is coming from outside of it.(我们迫切需要全球和地方保护行动相结合，以最好地保护南极物种。全球行
动和全球声音帮助缓解气候变化——因为南极洲面临的最大威胁来自外部。)”可知，我们迫切需要结合全球和地方
保护行动，这有助于缓解气候变化。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段中的““Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we
continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study says.(“如果我们
继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降。”昆士兰大学这项研究的主要作者Jasmine
Rachael Lee说。)”引出本文讲述的话题，根据第二段中的“Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds
population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100.(这项发表在《公共科学图书
馆生物学》杂志上的研究发现，到2100年，非洲大陆65%的植物和野生动物的数量可能会下降。)”可知，研究发
现，到2100年, 南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，结合下文中对这一研究发现以及对解决这一问题的迫切性
的分析可知，本文主要讲述的事一项研究发现，要采取更多的行动来保护南极的野生物种，所以文本的题目为
“应采取更多行动保护南极洲的野生动植物”与文章内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题。故选C项。
15.【2023届山西省大同市高三下学期5月三模】
Every music therapist has a wealth of stories about that beautiful musical moment when art and science come together
to create an awareness. an accomplishment, a breakthrough. I want to share highlights of music therapy, which helped my
family find outlets and insights through our “extremely painful journey”.
My father, Joe Altman lived his life with strength and determination. As complications associated with diabetes
diminished his physical capabilities, his unbeatable will to fight the disease completely hammered away. A WW II Navy
Seal, Joe Altman lived by a simple rule: when you get to the end of your rope, tie a knot (结) and hang on.
When dementia struck hard and violently broke through Dad’s spirit, music therapist Alessandro Ricciarelli entered his
life. Armed with six strings attached to a wooden guitar, Alessandro surpassed (超过) the capabilities of the most advanced
medical technology.
Each time Alessandro walked through the door, an invisible wall formed around them, creating a comfortable space in
which a trusting bond of friendship would quickly form. Alessandro brought with him happiness, encouragement, added a
sense of meaning and purpose to Dad’s life, and, in doing so revived (使复原) his spirit. In a most gentle way, Alessandro
treated Joe with the greatest dignity and respect.
Alessandro’s action was not limited to actual hospital visits; he took personal time to learn songs that were relevant to
Dad and made recordings of their sessions together to be enjoyed at any given time. Alessandro appreciated the power of
positive thoughts, and with his kind words, a smile, compassion (同情), and a true desire to make Dad happy, he encouraged
Dad’s participation, leaving us with cherished memories of my father having one last chance to express himself through
music, smiling and enjoying life.
In a very real sense, Alessandro was that knot at the end of the rope on to which Dad grabbed. I am forever grateful to
the Music Therapy Programme at NYU Medical Centre, more specifically, to Mr. Alessandro Ricciarelli.
4．What does the underlined word “diminished” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Improved. B．Replaced. C．Weakened. D．Developed.
5．What can be known about the author’s father?A．He used to serve in the army. B．He lived a very easy life.
C．He was a superman in physical strength. D．He was good at music when young.
6．What kind of person does the author consider Alessandro to be?
A．Courageous. B．Strong-willed. C．Open-minded. D．Devoted.
7．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To express gratitude to a music therapist. B．To call on people to treat patients kindly.
C．To discuss ways of improving musical skills.D．To warn readers against developing illness.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者父亲的痴呆症来袭并猛烈地击垮父亲的精神时，音乐治疗师亚
历山德罗·里恰雷利（Alessandro Ricciarelli）用音乐给他们留下了爸爸最后一次通过音乐表达自己的珍贵回忆，微
笑着享受生活，对此作者表示感谢。
4．词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“As complications associated with diabetes (由于与糖尿病相关的并发症)”以及后面
内容“his unbeatable will to fight the disease completely hammered away. (他与疾病作斗争的不可战胜的意志被彻底磨
灭了。)”可知，造成父亲抗击疾病一直消失的原因应是与糖尿病相关的并发症“削弱”了作者父亲的身体能力，所
以此该单词的意思应是“削弱”符合语境。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A WW II Navy Seal, Joe Altman lived by a simple rule: when you get to the end
of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.(作为一名二战海豹突击队队员，乔·奥特曼遵循着一条简单的规则：当你走到绳
子的尽头时，打个结，坚持住。)”可知，作者的父亲曾在军队服役。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Alessandro’s action was not limited to actual hospital visits; he took personal time to
learn songs that were relevant to Dad and made recordings of their sessions together to be enjoyed at any given time.
( Alessandro的行动并不局限于实际的医院探访；他会花时间学习与父亲有关的歌曲，并将这些歌曲录制下来，以
便在任何时候欣赏。)”可知，Alessandro先生为父亲付出很多，可判断，Alessandro是一个很有奉献精神的人。故
选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“In a very real sense, Alessandro was that knot at the end of the rope on to
which Dad grabbed. I am forever grateful to the Music Therapy Programme at NYU Medical Centre, more specifically, to
Mr. Alessandro Ricciarelli. (在一个非常真实的意义上，亚历山德罗是爸爸抓住的绳子末端的结。我永远感谢纽约大
学医学中心的音乐治疗项目，更具体地说，感谢Alessandro Ricciarelli先生。)”可知，作者对音乐治疗项目深表感
谢，尤其是Alessandro Ricciarelli先生为父亲做出的一切非常感激，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是表达对音
乐治疗师的感激之情。故选A项。
16.【2023届浙江省精诚联盟三模】
Almost every year since she was a child, Hokkaido resident Naomi has looked forward to her family’s traditional
Christmas meal: a KFC “party barrel” filled with salad, cake and lots of fried chicken.
“In Japan, it is customary to eat chicken at Christmas,” says the 30-something Japanese woman. Naomi and her family
are far from the only Japanese residents who enjoy KFC for Christmas dinner. According to figures released by the
American fast-food chain, KFC Japan pulled in 6.9 billion yen (roughly $63 million) from December 20 to 25 in 2018, with
lines out the door starting on December 23. Every year, their busiest day is usually December 24, on which they usually sell
about five to 10 times more than typical days.
Japan is a country where less than 1% of the population identifies as Christian — and in the 1970s many people didn’t
have established family Christmas traditions. That’s where KFC — then known as Kentucky Fried Chicken — came in. The
company launched its “Kentucky for Christmas” marketing campaign in 1974 and the first version of the party barrels soonfollowed. With a substantial advertising investment, KFC managed to capture the imagination of Japanese diners and create
a national phenomenon.
“The festive commercials are what initially made me want to try to eat KFC for Christmas,” says Naomi. But saying
such lasting success only arising from smart advertising wouldn’t be totally fair — it can also be attributed to KFC’s
harmony with existing cultural norms. For instance, the tradition of sharing a big “party barrel” of fried chicken, salad and
cake fits neatly into Japanese dining culture. “Being able to share food is an important social practice in Japan. A bucket of
fried chicken fulfills this desire to eat together,” Naomi says.
For Naomi, it’s not a tradition she plans to give up anytime soon. “I have no children now,” she says. “But this is a
tradition my family hopes to continue in the future.”
24．Why does the author mention several figures in the second paragraph?
A．To show how Naomi likes KFC． B．To show the popularity of KFC in Japan.
C．To show the success of KFC． D．To indicate Japan’s Christmas tradition.
25．What made Naomi begin to eat KFC at Christmas?
A．Friends’ recommendation. B．Advertisements about KFC．
C．Her family tradition. D．The delicious taste.
26．What is the rooted reason for KFC’s popularity in Japan?
A．KFC adapting to Japan’s culture. B．Smart Advertising.
C．Convenient delivery. D．Attractive price.
27．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Fast Food — KFC’s Development B．KFC Successfully Fits into Japan
C．KFC — Christmas Tradition in Japan D．Japanese People Like Fried Chicken
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章从日本女性Naomi的视角介绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，并分析
了这一传统形成的原因。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中Naomi的话“In Japan, it is customary to eat chicken at Christmas（在日本，人们习
惯在圣诞节吃鸡肉）”和“According to figures released by the American fast-food chain, KFC Japan pulled in 6.9
billion yen (roughly $63 million) from December 20 to 25 in 2018, with lines out the door starting on December 23. Every
year, their busiest day is usually December 24, on which they usually sell about five to 10 times more than typical days.
（根据这家美国快餐连锁店发布的数据，2018年12月20日至25日，肯德基日本公司的收入为69亿日元（约合
6300万美元），从12月23日开始排队。每年，他们最忙的一天通常是12月24日，这一天他们的销售额通常是平
时的5到10倍。）”可知，作者先通过引述Naomi的话呈现本段落的中心句，然后列举了2018年圣诞节期间
KFC的销售量，并与平时的KFC的销售量进行对比，从而支撑中心句。因此，作者提到数字的目的在于表明日本
人在圣诞节吃鸡肉的传统。故选D项。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段中Naomi的话“The festive commercials are what initially made me want to try to eat
KFC for Christmas（节日广告最初让我想在圣诞节吃KFC）”可知，Naomi正是因为受到KFC广告的影响才开始
在圣诞节吃KFC。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“… it can also be attributed to KFC’s harmony with existing cultural norms. For
instance, the tradition of sharing a big “party barrel” of fried chicken, salad and cake fits neatly into Japanese dining culture.
（……这也可以归因于KFC与现有文化传统的融洽。例如，分享大大的派对炸鸡桶、沙拉和蛋糕传统正好符合日
本的饮食文化。）”可知，KFC能够在日本受到欢迎的真正深层次的原因应该是KFC适应了日本分享的文化传统。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要从日本女性Naomi的视角介绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，并
分析了这一传统形成的原因。因此，C项“KFC——日本的圣诞传统”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选C
项。
17.【2023届重庆市高三第一次联合诊断检测】
Close to a century ago, New York’s Coney Island was famed for its sideshows (杂耍). Eye-catching signs crowded the
island’s attractions, showing off circus shows, sword swallowers—and even an exhibition of tiny babies.
The babies were premature ones kept alive in incubators (婴儿保育箱) pioneered by Dr. Martin Couney. The medical
establishment had rejected his incubators, but Dr. Couney didn’t give up on his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his work
by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents to see the show. In return, parents didn’t have to pay for Dr. Couney’s
incubators, and many children survived who would never have had a chance otherwise.
Born in 12, Lucille Horn ended up in an incubator on Coney Island. She’d been born a twin, but her twin died at birth.
And the hospital staff told her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live. “It was just: You die because you didn’t belong in
the world,” Horn says. But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and
took her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant (婴幼儿) exhibit.
Years later, Horn decided to return to see the babies—this time as a visitor. When she took the opportunity to introduce
herself, Dr. Couney went over to a man who was uneasily looking at his small infant. “Look at this young lady,” Dr. Couney
told the man. “She’s one of our babies. And that’s how your baby’s gonna grow up.”
Horn was just one of thousands of premature infants that Dr. Couney cared for and displayed at amusement parks until
the 194s. He died in 1950, shortly after incubators like his were introduced in most hospitals. At the time, Dr. Couney’s
efforts were largely unknown—but at least one person will never forget him. “Ninety-six years later, here I am, all in one
piece. And I’m thankful to be here,” Horn says.
4．What can we learn about Dr. Couney’s incubator?
A．It pushed medical science forward. B．It was the most famous sideshow.
C．It saved many premature babies. D．It charged each infant 25 cents.
5．Why was Horn taken to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit?
A．She belonged in nowhere else but Coney Island.
B．It was the only place where she might survive.
C．The hospital staff lacked the patience to care for her.
D．Her father refused to accept the death of her twin sister.
6．What is the purpose of Dr. Couney’s words in Paragraph 4?
A．To relieve the man’s anxiety. B．To introduce the lady to the man.
C．To promise the baby’s bright future. D．To explain the function of the incubator.
7．What should we learn from Dr. Couney’s story?
A．Medical knowledge. B．Earning power.
C．Persuasive techniques. D．Flexible mind.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述了19世纪90年代Dr. Couney在科尼岛的游乐场里展出保育箱，游客花25美分
可以观看保育箱中展示的早产婴儿，Dr. Couney以这种方式拯救了许多早产儿的生命，Lucille Horn就是其中一个。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“The babies were premature ones kept alive in incubators(婴儿保育箱)pioneered by Dr.Martin Couney.”（这些婴儿都是早产儿，在Martin Couney首创的婴儿保育箱中存活。）和“many children survived
who never would have had a chance otherwise”（许多孩子活了下来，否则他们永远不会有机会）可知，Dr. Martin
Couney的婴儿保育箱使许多早产儿得以存活。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Born in 12, Lucille Horn ended up in an incubator on Coney Island. ”（Lucille Horn出生
于12年，在科尼岛的一个婴儿保育箱中长大。）可知，Horn最终在保育箱中存活下来；由第三段“And the
hospital staff told her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live”（医院的工作人员告诉她父亲，她已经没有活下去的
机会了。）和“But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and took
her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹
起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Couney的婴儿展览。）可知，Horn的父亲不接受医院的说法，
所以带她去科尼岛Dr. Couney的婴幼儿展览 ，可以推测这也是Horn在当时情况下可能活下去的唯一希望了。故
选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“a man who was uneasily looking at his small infant.”（一个男人不安地看着他的小婴
儿。）和Dr. Couney的话语“She’s one of our babies. And that’s how your baby’s gonna grow up.”（她是我们的孩子。
你的孩子就会这样长大。）可知，Dr. Couney用成活的早产儿Horn作例子来安慰这位焦虑的父亲，缓解他不安的
情绪。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“The medical establishment had rejected his incubators, but Dr. Couney didn’t give up on
his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his work by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents to see the show.”（医疗机构
拒绝了他的保育箱，但Couney没有放弃自己的目标。从1896年开始，他通过展示婴儿和收取25美分的费用来资
助他的工作。）可知，Dr. Couney在被医疗机构拒绝的情况下没有放弃，而是灵活改变方法，以实现自己的目标；
同时，由第三段“But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and took
her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹
起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Couney的婴儿展览。）可知，孩子的父亲在医院给出孩子无
法存活的回答后，没有放弃，而是选择去Couney的婴幼儿展览，最终让孩子得以存活长大。这都说明了做事情要
有灵活的思维，多想办法，以实现自己的目标。故选D。
18.【湖北省十堰市部分重点中学2022-2023学年高二3月联考】
The idea that red means stop and green means go has impacted our lives in more ways than just traffic signals. We have
been taught from a young age that the color red means danger and green means it’s okay to move forward. But why were
those particular colors chosen for traffic lights in the first place? For something we have to look at every day, why couldn’t
they have been prettier colors like magenta and purple?
Well, it’s important to know that before traffic lights for cars even became a thing, there were traffic signals for trains.
At first, railroad companies used red to means top, white to mean go, and green to mean caution. As you could imagine,
train conductors ran into a few problems with white meaning go. For instance, one train conductor mistook a bright star for
a white light and thought he was all clear. Well, as you can imagine, an accident occurred. Because of common incidents
like that, railway companies eventually proposed green meaning go, and it’s been that way ever since.
As far as red goes, that’s always been a color that indicated danger, long before cars were even around. This most
likely started because it’s the color with the longest wavelength so it can be seen from a greater distance than other colors.
As far as yellow goes, it was used to caution drivers because it has a slightly shorter wavelength than red, but not as
short as green.
But, believe it or not, yellow was once used to means top the flow of traffic, at least as far assigns go. Back in the
1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area. Eventually, materials were
developed that were highly reflective and red stop signs were born. Since yellow can be seen well at all times of the day,school zones, some traffic signs, and school buses continue to be painted yellow.
12．What does the underlined word “clear” mean in the second Paragraph?
A．Without doubt. B．Easy to understand. C．Cloudless in the sky.D．Free from dangers.
13．Which of the following colors has the longest wave?
A．Purple. B．Yellow. C．White. D．Red.
14．Which of the following events came last?
A．Traffic signals for trains came into being.
B．Railway incidents happened frequently.
C．Yellow is widely used for its special character.
D．Railway companies chose green meaning go.
15．What’s the purpose of the author’s writing this passage?
A．To entertain. B．To inform. C．To persuade. D．To advertise.
【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通灯为什么是红黄绿色，以及这几种颜色的演变。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“As you could imagine, train conductors ran into a few problems with white meaning go.
For instance, one train conductor mistook a bright star for a white light and thought he was all clear. Well, as you can
imagine, an accident occurred. (你可以想象，火车售票员在使用白色意思是通行的时侯遇到了一些问题。例如，一个
列车员把一颗明亮的星星误认为是一盏白光，以为一切都clear 了。你可以想象，一场事故发生了。)”及语境可推
测clear为“安全的”，即：列车员把一颗明亮的星星误认为是一盏白光，以为一切都安全了，就正常通行，不想
却酿成了事故，故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“As far as red goes, that’s always been a color that indicated danger, long before cars were
even around. This most likely started because it’s the color with the longest wavelength so it can be seen from a greater
distance than other colors. (就红色而言，早在汽车出现之前，它就一直是一种表示危险的颜色。这很可能是因为它
是波长最长的颜色，所以它比其他颜色可以从更远的距离看到。)”可知红色波长最长，故选D。
14．细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句“Well, it’s important to know that before traffic lights for cars even became a
thing, there were traffic signals for trains. (嗯，重要的是要知道，在汽车交通信号灯出现之前，就有火车交通信号灯
了。)”和第二段最后一句“Because of common incidents like that, railway companies eventually proposed green meaning
go, and it’s been that way ever since. (由于这类事件屡见不鲜，铁路公司最终提出了“绿色通行”，并一直沿用至
今。)”及最后一段“Since yellow can be seen well at all times of the day, school zones, some traffic signs, and school
buses continue to be painted yellow. (由于黄色在一天中的任何时候都很明显，所以学校区域、一些交通标志和校车
继续被漆成黄色。)”，再结合各个选项，可知C选项“黄色因其特殊的特性而被广泛使用。”是最后发生的，故
选C。
15．推理判断题。 通读全文，尤其第一段“The idea that red means stop and green means go has impacted our lives in
more ways than just traffic signals. We have been taught from a young age that the color red means danger and green means
it’s okay to move forward. But why were those particular colors chosen for traffic lights in the first place? (红色代表停车，
绿色代表通行的想法影响了我们的生活，而不仅仅是交通信号。我们从小就被教导，红色意味着危险，绿色意味
着可以前进。但是为什么交通灯一开始会选择这些特定的颜色呢？ )”可推测作者的目的就是告诉我们交通灯为什
么是红黄绿色，以及这几种颜色的演变，故选B。真题感知
1.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,
rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the
chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I
could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth
Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly”
(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an
environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my
arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is
CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it
recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that
otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in
meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you
won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科
廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数
人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly
bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的
是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我
们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。5. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources
used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it
would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃
料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是
世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which
recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations
and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers
will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公
司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食
物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中
使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
7. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more
food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin
says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括
你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
2.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I
felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of
skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And
my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the
beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.
A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's
what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming.
Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled
back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to
watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a
rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice
the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he
began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
10．Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A．To join the skateboarding. B．To make new friends.
C．To learn more tricks. D．To relive his childhood days
【答案】10．D
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，
结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.
“Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推
知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
3.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every
year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic
products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen
mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first
appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their
small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that
someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected
more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck
all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
29．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
【答案】28．C29．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人
们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了
每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王
（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次
性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此
可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggestsource(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with
and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely
came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为
大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能
来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无
法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
4.D【2021·全国新高考I卷】
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now
misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ
test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that
emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional
intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,
while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a
moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the
overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a
new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-
being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality
of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a
greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science
will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its
focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
33．Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a rule. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【答案】33．B34．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
33．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor
to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解
他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文
章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。
故选B项。
34．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情
商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
5.D【2021·全国新高考II卷】
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring
big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He
is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the
animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals
will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质
地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring
of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds
doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have
convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years
ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's
Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote
places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
14．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A．He wants to help them earn a living. B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots. D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
【答案】14．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the
industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a
horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查
牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选
B。
6.D【2021·北京卷】
Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked
him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．
Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell
us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to
ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly
aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调
节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum thatreflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．
We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run
faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite
effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of observatory that
reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes
on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the
planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be
motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to
natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward
or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．
Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：
Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its
purpose．
32．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A．present an assumption B．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experiment D．introduce an approach
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with
engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我们越来
越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行
动。)”进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前
两个问题“What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology？What if we allowed
environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间
与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介
绍方法。故选D项。
7. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically
broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives
have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the
people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,
Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methodswhen suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And
in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a
fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在
乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追
逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是
介绍一本书。故选A。
8. A【2020·天津卷】
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have
changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into
places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re
looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other
through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform
you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体形式).
You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a
popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough
interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps
you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you
have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you
might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can
become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many
libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of
commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
40．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To point out the importance of public libraries.
B．To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C．To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D．To call for the modernization of public library systems.【答案】40．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何使用改造升级后现代公共图书馆。
40．推理判断题。根据文章标题How to Use a Modern Public Library（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中
的“you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. They have transformed themselves into places
where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.（你可能会惊
讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有
趣的人，或者发现如何创业）。再结合几个小标题：Check out a book（借一本书）； Check out other items（借其
他物品）；Join targeted reading groups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Start a business using the help of your local
library（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：
经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选C。
9. D【2020·天津卷】
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great
achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked
either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious
when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo,
all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop
asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It
encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how
terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and
discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers
to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower
arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a
few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet
Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain
was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are
at this moment.
51．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．present an argument
【答案】51．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make thedifference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never
known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong
together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者
是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
10. D【2020·江苏卷】
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small
plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not
entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without
running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not
good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and
shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan,
walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at
the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the
unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of
the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more
continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant
biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains
unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know
constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My
drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of
nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it
did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to
be useless, life even without DNA．I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it
fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually
brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other
scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk
of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives
changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were
the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up,
more often than not, we do not even know its name.
68．What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A．To sort out what we have known.
B．To deepen his research into Amazonians.C．To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D．To learn more about local cultures.
【答案】68．A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常
不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识
到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
68．推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they
appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with
dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新
蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的
洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的
初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。