ARTICLE · 1048738
2013 年英语二 · Text 1 真题精讲
发布时间:2026-09-21 08:44:49 最近访问:2026-09-21 08:44:49
2013 年英语二 · Text 1 真题精讲
阅读理解逐题精讲 · 找定位词 → 找定位句 → 精读定位句 → 匹配选项| 本文选自Adam Davidson的文章"Making It in America",讨论技术进步与全球化对就业的冲击。文章从一个纺织厂自动化的笑话引入,分析当代失业的深层原因,提出核心论点——"average is officially over"(平庸时代正式结束)。 |
| 作者认为:过去靠"平庸技能"就能获得"平庸生活",如今已被廉价的外国劳动力、机器人、软件和自动化取代。个人应对之策是找到"独特价值贡献"(unique value contribution),政策层面最重要的是保障全民高中后教育。 |
| 第1段 · 引子纺织厂自动化笑话:整个工厂只剩"一个人和一条狗"——人喂狗,狗防人碰机器 |
|
| 第2段 · 论点失业原因:大衰退导致需求下降 + 全球化与IT革命加速"用机器/外国工人替代劳动力" |
|
| 第3段 · 核心论点"average is officially over"(平庸时代结束)→ 每个人都必须找到自己的"extra"——独特价值贡献 |
|
| 第4段 · 数据支撑10年内美国工厂裁员速度抹去过去70年的增长;约1/3制造业工作(600万)消失 |
|
| 第5-6段 · 趋势预判与解决方案未来好工作需要更高教育 → 最重要的是通过21世纪版G.I.法案,保障全民高中后教育 |
|
| The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate ________. |
| [A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes |
|
| 定位词:joke(笑话)、Paragraph 1(定位段落)、illustrate(说明/例证题) |
|
| 第1段:...a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated...第2段(点明笑话意图):...the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment...is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers. |
|
| 笑话拆解:纺织厂只剩"一个人和一条狗"——人喂狗,狗防人碰机器→ 整个工厂已被自动化(automated),几乎不需要人工笑话意图(第2段点明):全球化+IT革命正在"replacing labor with machines"(用机器替代劳动力)→ 笑话用夸张的方式说明技术进步对就业的冲击 |
| the impact of technological advances【正确】"technological advances"=advances in globalization and IT revolution;"impact"=replacing labor with machines。笑话用"一人一狗"夸张说明技术如何取代人工。完美匹配。 |
| the alleviation of job pressure【排除】反向干扰:笑话说明就业压力加剧(工厂只需两人),不是"alleviation"(缓解)。失业加剧 ≠ 压力缓解。 |
| the shrinkage of textile mills【排除】偷换概念:笑话说的是工厂"自动化"(automated),不是"shrinkage"(规模缩小)。工厂规模未变,是员工人数锐减。 |
| the decline of middle-class incomes【排除】偷换对象:中产阶级收入下降是第2段提到的后果之一,但笑话直接说明的是技术对就业的影响,不是收入问题。笑话 ≠ 收入下降。 |
|
| According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to ________. |
| [A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique |
|
| 定位词:Paragraph 3(定位段落)、successful employee(成功员工)、one has to(必须做什么) |
|
| 第3段⑤:Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. |
|
| 核心拆解:"find their extra"=找到自己的额外价值(超越平庸的部分)"unique value contribution"=独特的价值贡献"makes them stand out"=使其脱颖而出逻辑链:第3段②"average is officially over"(平庸结束)→ ④ 雇主有更多廉价选择(廉价外国劳动力、机器人、软件、自动化、天才)→ ⑤ 因此每个人必须找到独特价值,才能脱颖而出 |
| contribute something unique【正确】"contribute something unique"=unique value contribution(独特的价值贡献)。完美同义替换。 |
| work on cheap software【排除】反向干扰:第3段④中"cheap software"是威胁因素(雇主用廉价软件替代人工),不是成功员工应做的事。威胁 ≠ 对策。 |
| ask for a moderate salary【排除】无中生有:原文未提及"moderate salary"(适度薪水)。第3段讨论的是价值贡献,不是薪酬水平。 |
| adopt an average lifestyle【排除】反向干扰:第3段②明确说"average is officially over"(平庸时代正式结束),选项说"adopt an average lifestyle"(过平庸生活)。完全相反。 |
|
| The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ________. |
| [A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered |
|
| 定位词:quotation(引用)、Paragraph 4(定位段落)、explains(说明题) |
|
| 第4段引用 Davidson 的话:"In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared." |
|
| 引用拆解:"shed workers so fast"=裁员速度极快"erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years"=抹去了过去70年几乎所有的就业增长"one out of every three manufacturing jobs disappeared"=1/3制造业工作消失"about 6 million in total"=总计约600万核心信息:引用用三个数据(速度、比例、总量)共同说明工作机会正在高速消失易错提示:"gains"指的是就业增长(employment gains),不是技术成果。 |
| job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed【正确】"disappearing at a high speed"="shed workers so fast" + "one out of every three...disappeared"。引用用三个数据说明工作高速消失。完美概括。 |
| gains of technology have been erased【排除】偷换概念:原文"erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years"——"gains"指就业增长(过去70年积累的就业岗位),选项偷换成"gains of technology"(技术成果)。同一个词"gains",修饰对象完全不同。 |
| factories are making much less money than before【排除】无中生有:引用说的是工人/工作岗位消失,不是工厂"making much less money"(赚得更少)。裁员 ≠ 利润下降。 |
| new jobs and services have been offered【排除】偷换段落:"new jobs, new products, new services"是第5段①的内容("There will always be change"),不是第4段引用的内容。题目问的是第4段的引用。 |
|
| According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is ________. |
| [A] to accelerate the I. T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century |
|
| 定位词:reduce unemployment(减少失业)、most important(最重要) |
|
| 第6段:...there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education. |
|
| 核心拆解:"nothing would be more important than"=没有什么比...更重要 → 最重要的是..."passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century"=通过某种21世纪版G.I.法案"ensures that every American has access to post-high school education"=确保每个美国人都能接受高中后教育逻辑链:支持就业需要做很多事 → 但最重要的是保障教育背景知识:G.I. Bill是二战后美国为退伍军人提供教育福利的法案,此处作者借用此概念,呼吁建立全民教育保障制度。 |
| to ensure more education for people【正确】"ensure more education"=ensures that every American has access to post-high school education。完美同义替换。 |
| to accelerate the I. T. revolution【排除】反向干扰:第2段说IT革命正在"replacing labor with machines"(用机器替代劳动力),是失业的原因,加速IT革命只会加剧失业,不是解决办法。 |
| to advance economic globalization【排除】反向干扰:全球化同样是失业原因(提供廉价外国劳动力替代本国工人),推进全球化不会减少失业。 |
| to pass more bills in the 21st century【排除】偷换概念:原文说"some kind of G.I. Bill"(某种特定的GI法案),选项说"more bills"(更多法案,泛指)。特指 ≠ 泛指。 |
|
| Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? |
| [A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is Bad |
|
| 定位词:most appropriate title(主旨题,需纵览全文核心论点) |
|
| 第3段②:But, today, average is officially over.第5段:...the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.第6段:In a world where average is officially over... |
|
| 主旨分析:"average is officially over"在第3段提出,第6段重申,构成全文核心论点各段与核心论点的关系:第1段:笑话引出自动化 → 平庸岗位被取代第2段:分析原因 → 全球化+IT革命替代平庸劳动力第3段:提出核心论点:"average is officially over",必须找到独特价值第4段:数据佐证 → 平庸岗位大量消失第5段:趋势预判 → 好工作需要"above average"的教育第6段:重申论点 → 在"average is over"的世界里,教育最重要结论:全文围绕"平庸时代结束"展开,标题应概括这一核心主题。 |
| Average Is Over【正确】"Average Is Over"=原文原话"average is officially over"(出现两次,第3段+第6段)。概括全文核心论点:平庸时代结束,必须找到独特价值。完美匹配。 |
| New Law Takes Effect【排除】无中生有:第6段建议"passing some kind of G.I. Bill"(通过某种法案),是建议而非已发生的事实。"takes effect"(已生效)与原文时态矛盾。 |
| Technology Goes Cheap【排除】以偏概全:"cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation"是第3段④的细节,不是全文主题。技术变便宜只是"平庸结束"的原因之一,不能概括全文。 |
| Recession Is Bad【排除】以偏概全:经济衰退是第2段提到的背景因素之一("the Great Recession"),但文章重点不是讨论衰退有多坏,而是讨论"平庸结束"及应对之策。 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| replace labor with machines | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| post-high school education | | |
| | |
| 本题错误选项四大陷阱: |
| 偷换概念:gains of the previous 70 years(就业增长)→ gains of technology(技术成果);some kind of G.I. Bill(特定法案)→ more bills(更多法案)。同一个词"gains/bill",修饰对象或范围被偷换。 |
| 反向干扰:average is over → adopt an average lifestyle;cheap software(威胁)→ work on cheap software(对策);IT革命/全球化(失业原因)→ accelerate/advance(加速推进=解决办法)。把原因说成对策、把结束说成可行。 |
| 无中生有:moderate salary(适度薪水)、making much less money(利润下降)、New Law Takes Effect(新法已生效)。原文均未提及。 |
| 以偏概全(主旨题特有):Technology Goes Cheap(技术变便宜只是细节)、Recession Is Bad(衰退只是背景之一)。主旨题标题必须覆盖全文核心论点,不能以局部代整体。 |
| 偷换段落:new jobs and services 是第5段内容,题干问第4段引用。务必核对题干指定的段落范围。 |
本文核心考点:技术进步对就业的冲击、"平庸时代结束"的论证逻辑主旨题技巧:找全文反复出现的核心论点词(本文=average is over,出现两次)