10.19 考研英语阅读题源外刊模拟试题 新题型 七选五标题匹配【难度7.8】

Section II Reading Comprehension 

Part B 

Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. Tighter control of private providers
B. Social media as the main culprit
C. A danger of over-diagnosis
D. Help based on need
E. A genuine rise in distress
F. Savings as the main aim
G. The limits of a label

A review commissioned by the UK government argues that diagnoses of mental health problems, and of conditions such as ADHD, can sometimes hold people back. Ordered by ministers amid worry over rising sickness-benefit bills and lengthening NHS waiting lists, it recommends that public services judge success by whether people can take part in social life, education and work. Its main findings are set out below.

41.____

About one in four people aged 16 to 24 now reports a common mental health problem such as anxiety or depression, and the rise has been fastest among the young. The review’s lead author dismissed talk of an oversensitive generation: the increase in distress is real. Insecure work, exam pressure and costly housing are blamed, but a loss of hope that life will beat their parents’ matters more. Social media adds to the problem mainly by displacing healthier things such as sleep and exercise. Drugs should not be used to treat loneliness; more opportunities to take part in social life, work and volunteering would serve better.

42.____

The review found that the true rates of ADHD and autism have barely changed, and that the surge in recorded cases partly reflects the correction of past under-diagnosis. But with no sign of the rise slowing, one of the vice-chairs warned that over-diagnosis is a very real danger in future. The review did not conclude that it is happening already, though 6 per cent of boys now have an autism diagnosis, against an estimated prevalence of 5 per cent. Other difficulties, such as trauma, may be overshadowed as attention fixes on these conditions.

43. ____

Greater openness about mental health has long been counted as progress, but the review highlights the other side of treating problems as medical conditions. A diagnosis can restrict as well as help, particularly once it becomes part of a person’s identity and tells them they cannot do things they may well be able to do. It could also discourage jobseekers, among the nearly one million young people outside education, employment and training, since inactivity itself breeds mental health problems.

44.____

Long NHS waiting lists have fuelled a boom in private companies offering ADHD and autism assessments, and the review voiced concern about the quality of some of them. It called for an overhaul of funding and regulation to guarantee consistent standards, including a ban on advertising NHS-funded assessments directly to the public. The health secretary promised to strengthen oversight of mental health and neurodevelopmental services, regulation of private assessment included.

45.____

The review’s central recommendation is that a diagnosis should no longer be the gateway to help from schools, employers or the welfare system. Teachers and employers should adjust lessons or working conditions for people who are struggling; a teenager on an ADHD waiting list, for instance, might gain from advice on sleep or a quiet place to retreat to, with no diagnosis needed. Success should be measured by participation in education, work, relationships and the community. This costs more at first, the authors say, but should save money within a few years.

附注：根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等，摘选最新文章，模拟仿真出题。

参考答案见以下。

Quick look：ECGAD

41.【正确答案】E
【解析】
定位：第41段首两句 “About one in four people aged 16 to 24 now reports a common mental health problem... The review’s lead author dismissed talk of an oversensitive generation: the increase in distress is real.”
分析：本段先给出青年心理问题的比例，再明确否定"这代人过于敏感"的说法，强调困扰的上升是真实的，随后讨论成因与对策。段落的核心是"困扰确实在增加"，E项概括了这一点。
干扰项：[B]”社交媒体是主要罪魁"抓住了段内的一个细节，但原文说社交媒体主要是挤占睡眠、运动等健康活动，而且对未来失去希望是"更重要"的原因，所以"主要"不成立；[C]"过度诊断的危险"混淆了两种"上升"，本段说的是心理困扰的上升，而不是诊断数量的上升，后者是第42段的内容；[F]"节省开支是主要目的"与本段无关，涉及成本的内容在第45段。

42.【正确答案】C
【解析】
定位：第42段 “But with no sign of the rise slowing, one of the vice-chairs warned that over-diagnosis is a very real danger in future.”
分析：本段先说明ADHD和自闭症的真实发病率变化不大，记录病例激增部分是纠正了过去的漏诊；重点是随后的警告：诊断率仍在上升，未来过度诊断的风险很大（男孩自闭症确诊率6%高于估计患病率5%是佐证）。C项概括了这一核心。
干扰项：[G]”标签的局限"：段末提到其他问题（如创伤）可能被"遮蔽"，与标签的弊端有些关联，但本段的重心是诊断数量与过度诊断的风险，诊断对个人的限制是第43段的内容；[E]"困扰的真实上升"：本段说的是确诊数的上升有一部分是纠偏所致，并非困扰本身的上升，且这是第41段的主题。

43.【正确答案】G
【解析】
定位：第43段 “A diagnosis can restrict as well as help, particularly once it becomes part of a person’s identity and tells them they cannot do things they may well be able to do.”
分析：本段先承认谈论心理健康长期被视为进步，随即转向把问题医学化的另一面：诊断可能限制人，一旦成为身份，就暗示"你做不到"，还可能让求职者望而却步。G项"标签的局限"准确。
干扰项：[C]”过度诊断的危险"：本段没有讨论诊断是否过多，谈的是诊断对个人的限制，过度诊断是第42段的内容；[D]"基于需求的帮助"：这是第45段提出的办法，本段只指出问题，没有给出替代方案。

44.【正确答案】A
【解析】
定位：第44段 “It called for an overhaul of funding and regulation to guarantee consistent standards, including a ban on advertising NHS-funded assessments directly to the public.”
分析：本段围绕私营评估机构的快速增长与质量担忧展开，报告建议改革资金与监管，建立统一标准并禁止面向公众的广告，卫生大臣也承诺加强监管。A项"对私营机构更严格的管控"准确。
干扰项：[F]”节省开支是主要目的"：本段只涉及质量与监管，没有谈成本；[C]"过度诊断的危险"：私营评估激增或许与诊断增多有关，但本段的中心是监管与质量标准，而不是诊断是否过多。

45.【正确答案】D
【解析】
定位：第45段首句 “The review’s central recommendation is that a diagnosis should no longer be the gateway to help from schools, employers or the welfare system.”
分析：本段是报告的核心建议：帮助不应以诊断为门槛，而应由学校、雇主根据困难情况主动调整（如睡眠建议、安静的空间），并以参与度衡量成效。D项"基于需求的帮助"准确。
干扰项：[F]”节省开支是主要目的"：段末提到前期多花钱、几年内可省钱，但这只是附带的预期效果，不是该建议的目的；[G]"标签的局限"：这是第43段的主题，本段讲的是在此基础上的解决办法，而不是继续阐述标签的弊端。

【参考译文】

A. 对私营机构实施更严格的管控
B. 社交媒体是主要罪魁祸首
C. 过度诊断的危险
D. 基于需求的帮助
E. 心理困扰的真实上升
F. 节省开支是主要目的
G. 标签的局限

英国政府委托开展的一项评估指出，对心理健康问题以及注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）等病症的诊断，有时会拖累当事人的发展。这项评估由大臣们下令开展，起因是人们对疾病津贴支出不断上升、国民医疗服务体系（NHS）等候名单越拉越长感到担忧。报告建议，公共服务部门应以人们能否参与社交生活、教育和工作来衡量成效。以下是其主要发现。

41. E. 心理困扰的真实上升

如今，16至24岁的人群中，约有四分之一报告患有焦虑或抑郁等常见心理健康问题，且增幅在年轻人中最快。评估的牵头作者驳斥了所谓"这一代人过于敏感"的说法：心理困扰的增加是真实的。不稳定的工作、考试压力和高昂的住房成本被认为是原因，但更重要的是，年轻人对自己的生活会比父辈更好已不抱希望。社交媒体加重问题，主要是因为它挤占了睡眠、运动等更健康的活动。不应使用药物来治疗孤独；增加参与社交生活、工作和志愿活动的机会，效果会更好。

42. C. 过度诊断的危险

评估发现，ADHD和自闭症的真实发病率几乎没有变化，记录在案的病例激增，部分原因在于纠正了过去的漏诊。但是，由于诊断率的上升没有放缓的迹象，一位副主席警告说，未来出现过度诊断的风险非常现实。评估并未断定过度诊断已经发生，不过目前有6%的男孩被诊断为自闭症，高于估计的5%的患病率。当注意力集中在这些病症上时，创伤等其他困难可能会被掩盖。

43. G. 标签的局限

人们对心理健康问题越来越坦然，这长期以来被视为一种进步，但这份评估强调了把问题当作医学病症来看待的另一面。诊断既可能帮助人，也可能限制人，尤其是当它成为一个人身份的一部分，并告诉他们自己做不到某些事情，而他们其实很可能做得到的时候。它还可能让求职者望而却步，其中包括近100万未就学、未就业、未接受培训的年轻人，因为无所事事本身就会引发心理健康问题。

44. A. 对私营机构实施更严格的管控

NHS漫长的等候名单催生了提供ADHD和自闭症评估的私营公司的激增，这份评估对其中一些公司的评估质量表示担忧。报告呼吁对资金和监管进行全面改革，以确保标准一致，其中包括禁止直接面向公众宣传由NHS出资的评估服务。卫生大臣承诺加强对心理健康及神经发育类服务的监督，包括对私营评估机构的监管。

45. D. 基于需求的帮助

这份评估的核心建议是，诊断不应再是获得学校、雇主或福利体系帮助的门槛。教师和雇主应当为有困难的人调整课程安排或工作条件；例如，一名正在排队等待ADHD评估的青少年，可能无需任何诊断，就能从睡眠方面的建议，或一处可供退避的安静场所中受益。成效应当以人们在教育、工作、人际关系和社区中的参与程度来衡量。作者们表示，这起初需要更多投入，但在几年内应当能省下资金。

附注：