应用文Passage 1 · 城市自然节暨科学博物馆开放日通告

City Nature Festival & Science Museum Open Day — Notice · 基于联合国《生物多样性公约》第十七次缔约方大会（COP17，2026 年 10 月 19–30 日，亚美尼亚埃里温）公开信息与科普场馆公众开放惯例编写 · 城市 / 科普与公众参与 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）为呼应全球生物多样性大会季，河滨科学博物馆将于 10 月 25 日举办公益性质的「城市自然节暨开放日」。通告列出活动亮点、参与对象、携带物品、预约方式与交通信息，信息密集、条件明确，是典型的应用文体，适合训练细节定位与简单推理。

🔤 生词表：biodiversity 生物多样性　wetland 湿地（wetland walks 湿地漫步）　pollinators 传粉者（如蜜蜂，pollinators 传粉昆虫）　refillable 可重复填充的（refillable water bottle 可重复使用的水瓶）　reservation 预约、预订（online reservation 在线预约）　walk-ins 未经预约直接到场者（walk-ins 临时到访者）　subway 地铁（subway stop 地铁站）　issued 发布、发出（Issued 发布于）

📖 阅读短文（约 134 词）

CITY NATURE FESTIVAL & SCIENCE MUSEUM OPEN DAY — Visitor Notice (Issued 18 October) To mark the global biodiversity conference season, the Riverside Science Museum will host a free Nature Festival and Open Day on 25 October, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Highlights: Guided wetland walks, a live insect display, and short talks on local birds and pollinators. 2. Who can come: All ages welcome; children under 10 must be with an adult. 3. What to bring: A refillable water bottle and comfortable shoes; nets and collecting jars are not allowed. 4. Booking: Free, but online reservation is required at the museum website; walk-ins are accepted only if space allows. 5. Getting there: Free bicycle parking; the nearest subway stop is Green Park, a five-minute walk. Register at www.riversidemuseum.example before 24 October.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When and where is the City Nature Festival held?

A. On 25 October, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., at the Riverside Science Museum　B. Every weekend in October at a public park located far from the museum and difficult to reach by bus　C. Only on 24 October, the last day for online booking at the museum website　D. From 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day at the Riverside Science Museum all through October

细节理解 2. According to the notice, what must children under 10 do?

A. Pay for a guided tour booked in advance through the museum website　B. Bring their own insect nets and collecting jars from home　C. Be accompanied by an adult during the whole visit　D. Be allowed to visit the museum completely alone without any adult

推理判断 3. What is the main purpose of this notice?

A. To explain how visitors can take the subway to the museum　B. To invite the public to a free event about nature and science　C. To warn local residents about a polluted wetland nearby　D. To report the discovery of a new insect species in the city

记叙文Passage 2 · 一条河的重生：一名高中生的三年守望

A river reborn: three years a teenager kept watch · 基于全球青年环境与公民科学（citizen science）行动及河流生态修复的公开报道与科普信息编写 · 社区 / 河流生态修复 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）十五岁那年，利亚姆发现学校后的小溪被染成了墨色——一次管道爆裂让污水流淌数周，蛙声沉寂。多数同学熟视无睹，他却借来检测工具，每个周六记录水质。三年里，他带动同学清理、补种本土芦苇、请生物老师帮忙读数据，小河终于复清、蛙声重归。故事讲述成长、耐心与对一方水土的关爱。

🔤 生词表：creek 小溪、小河（the creek 那条小溪）　polluted 被污染的（polluted water 污水）　readings 读数、测量值（the readings 检测读数）　native 本土的（native reeds 本土芦苇）　charity 慈善机构、公益组织（local charity 本地公益组织）　dusk 黄昏、傍晚（at dusk 在黄昏时）　stubborn 执拗的、坚持不懈的（stubborn teenager 执拗的少年）　reeds 芦苇（native reeds 本土芦苇）

📖 阅读短文（约 164 词）

When Liam was fifteen, the creek behind his school ran the colour of ink. A burst pipe had spilled polluted water for weeks, and the frogs fell silent. Most students walked past without a glance. Liam did not. He borrowed a test kit and began measuring the water each Saturday, noting the readings in a worn notebook. At first the readings were poor. He posted them online and invited classmates to join. Slowly, a small group formed. They mapped the litter, reported the broken pipe, and planted nativereeds along the bank. A local charity lent tools; a biology teacher helped them read the data. Two years on, the creek ran clear again, and the frogs returned at dusk. Liam, now eighteen, says the work taught him patience and care. 'A river doesn't heal in a day,' he told a visitor, 'but someone has to start.' His group still meets each weekend — proof that one stubborn teenager can help a place breathe again.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did Liam do first after he noticed the polluted creek?

A. He walked past the polluted creek without a single glance, just like the other students did　B. He planted native reeds along the bank and mapped the litter with his friends　C. He posted the readings online and invited classmates to join the group　D. He borrowed a test kit and began measuring the water each Saturday

词义猜测 2. What does the word 'stubborn' most probably mean in the passage?

A. Determined and refusing to give up easily　B. Very tired and ready to stop trying　C. Quiet and unwilling to talk with other people　D. Too young to have any useful experience

推理判断 3. What can we infer about Liam from the story?

A. He gave up the project as soon as the frogs failed to return　B. He learned patience and care through years of steady effort　C. He refused all help and insisted on working completely alone　D. His biology teacher forced him to do the work as a punishment

主旨大意 4. What is the main idea of the story?

A. How to use a scientific test kit to measure water quality　B. How most students ignored the creek every single day　C. How one teenager's persistence helped a local river recover　D. Why the frogs left and never came back to the creek

说明文Passage 3 · 灰烬中重生：哈勃破解一颗“凤凰行星”之谜

Reborn from ashes: Hubble solves a 'phoenix planet' puzzle · 基于 Nature Astronomy 2026 年 10 月 5 日论文（J. T. Williams 等）、ESA/Hubble 与 NASA 新闻稿，以及 Reuters 2026 年 10 月 6 日报道编写 · 全球 / 天文与行星科学 · 人与自然

📌 导读：天文学家借助哈勃空间望远镜，破解了一桩历时三十年的谜案：他们发现一颗“第二代”行星—— nicknamed 凤凰行星——环绕一颗白矮星运行。白矮星是恒星燃尽后留下的暗淡残骸。通常恒星之死会摧毁附近世界，而这一颗却似乎在母星死后、由残余气体与尘埃重新诞生。研究者估计银河系中超过 95% 的恒星终将走上同样的归宿，并计划用哈勃与韦布继续追查这类重生世界有多普遍。

🔤 生词表：astronomers 天文学家（astronomers 天文学家们）　puzzle 谜题、难题（three-decade-old puzzle 三十年旧谜）　phoenix 凤凰（phoenix planet 凤凰行星，喻死后重生）　dwarf 矮星（white dwarf 白矮星）　remnants 残骸、残余物（such remnants 此类残骸）　peculiar 奇特的、反常的（peculiar 反常的）　galaxy 星系（our galaxy 我们的银河系）　estimates 估计、估算（The team estimates 团队估计）

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

Astronomers have solved a three-decade-old puzzle using the Hubble Space Telescope. They found a 'second-generation' planet — nicknamed a phoenix planet — orbiting a white dwarf, the faded core of a star that long ago burned out. Most stars, including our Sun, will one day become such remnants. The planet is peculiar because it appears to have formed after its star died, born from the leftover gas and dust. Normally, a star's death destroys nearby worlds; this one seems to have risen from the ashes. The team estimates more than 95% of the stars in our galaxy will meet the same fate. Confirming the finding will take years. The researchers plan to use Hubble and the James Webb Telescope to watch how common these reborn worlds are. For now, the discovery hints that even dead stars may host new planets — and that our own Solar System could one day grow a second-generation world of its own.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What is special about the newly found phoenix planet?

A. It seems to have formed only after its host star had died　B. It is the very first planet of this kind ever found anywhere in the whole galaxy　C. It was discovered by a team using only ground telescopes　D. It orbits a young, brightly burning star like our Sun

词义猜测 2. The word 'peculiar' is closest in meaning to ____.

A. Very common and seen in most known planets　B. Strange or unusual in an interesting way　C. Completely false and made up by the researchers　D. Too small to be observed by any telescope

推理判断 3. What can we infer from the astronomers' estimate?

A. Our Sun will certainly avoid becoming a white dwarf　B. Second-generation planets are already proven common in space　C. Many stars, like our Sun, may one day leave remnants　D. The team has already finished confirming the discovery after just a few weeks of hard work

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build a more powerful space telescope　B. Why most stars in the galaxy will soon explode　C. The daily life of astronomers who study dead stars　D. A 'phoenix planet' reborn from a dead star's remains

说明文Passage 4 · 不只数物种：用“生态完整性”衡量保护是否有效

Beyond counting species: judging conservation by ecological integrity · 基于 IUCN（国际自然保护联盟）2026 年 10 月 19 日于《生物多样性公约》第十七次缔约方大会（COP17，亚美尼亚埃里温）发布的新报告编写 · 亚美尼亚 · 埃里温 / 全球生物多样性治理 · 人与自然

📌 导读：在 10 月于埃里温召开的联合国生物多样性大会（COP17）上，IUCN 发布了一份关于“生态完整性”的新报告。它提出一个朴素的问题：一个生态系统是否仍在如常运转？高生态完整性的生态系统保有本土动植物、自然结构与正常过程，并能从常规扰动中恢复；低完整性的则已丧失这些。报告主张，数十年来以“保护区数量”或“物种数”衡量成效并不足够——地图上的公园若没了野生动物便毫无意义。保护现存高完整性生态系统、修复退化者，应成为全球优先事项，而原住民与地方的长久管护常能维持高完整性。

🔤 生词表：Biodiversity 生物多样性（UN Biodiversity Conference 联合国生物多样性大会）　ecological 生态的（ecological integrity 生态完整性）　integrity 完整性、健全（ecological integrity 生态完整性）　ecosystem 生态系统（ecosystem 生态系统）　intact 完好无缺的、原封不动的（largely intact 大体完好）　degraded 退化的、恶化的（degraded ones 退化者）　stewardship 管护、管理（local stewardship 地方管护）　Indigenous 原住民的（Indigenous and local 原住民与地方）

📖 阅读短文（约 145 词）

At the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP17) in Yerevan this October, the IUCN released a new report on 'ecologicalintegrity'. The idea asks a simple question: is an ecosystem still working as it should? An ecosystem with high ecologicalintegrity keeps its native plants and animals, natural structure and normal processes largely intact, and can recover from ordinary shocks. A forest, reef or river with low integrity has lost these. For decades, success was measured by counting protected areas or species. The report argues this is not enough — a park on a map means little if its wildlife is gone. Protecting the world's remaining high-integrity ecosystems, and restoring degraded ones, should become a global priority, the authors say. Indigenous and local stewardship, they add, often keeps integrity high. As countries review their 2030 nature goals, integrity offers a clearer test of whether conservation truly works.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. According to the report, how has conservation success often been measured?

A. By checking if the protected area is large enough on the map　B. By counting protected areas or the number of species　C. By seeing whether the forest has recovered from ordinary shocks　D. By deciding if an ecosystem keeps its native plants and processes

词义猜测 2. The phrase 'high ecological integrity' refers to an ecosystem that ____.

A. Has been completely destroyed by human activity　B. Is protected only on paper, with no real wildlife left　C. Still keeps its native life and natural processes intact　D. Earns the most money from selling its natural resources

推理判断 3. What can we infer about Indigenous and local stewardship?

A. It is mentioned as a cause of ecosystem degradation　B. It is said to damage the native plants and animals　C. It usually lowers the integrity of protected areas　D. It often helps keep an ecosystem's integrity high

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A new idea for judging whether conservation truly works　B. The full history of the UN Biodiversity Conference held since the year 1992　C. How to make ecotourism the best way to protect nature　D. How to count the number of species living in a forest

说明文Passage 5 · 借一束光：让部分盲人重见轮廓的新疗法

Borrowed light: a therapy that restores limited sight to some blind people · 基于《新英格兰医学杂志》（New England Journal of Medicine）2026 年 10 月 7 日发表的 optogenetic 疗法研究（Sahel 等）及 Reuters / Science News 报道编写 · 国际 / 医学与神经科学 · 人与自我

📌 导读：一种一次性的光遗传（optogenetic）疗法，配合特制的摄像眼镜，为部分先天遗传性眼病患者带来了有限的视力。研究发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》：十名盲人受试者中，七人对光更敏感，六人达到了团队设定的“临床有意义”改善标准；戴上眼镜，有人能定位门洞、循线而行。疗法原理是向特定眼细胞注入取自藻类的光敏蛋白，相机捕捉场景、眼镜将图案光投到处理过的眼睛，蛋白受激后沿视神经发送信号。研究者强调获益有限、并非治愈，但对久处黑暗的人，微弱的光也是开始。

🔤 生词表：optogenetic 光遗传的（optogenetic therapy 光遗传疗法）　therapy 疗法、治疗（one-off therapy 一次性疗法）　inherited 遗传的（inherited eye disease 遗传性眼病）　clinically 临床上（clinically meaningful 临床有意义）　sensitive 敏感的（more sensitive to light 对光更敏感）　algae 藻类（borrowed from algae 取自藻类）　optic 视觉的、眼的（optic nerve 视神经）　modest 有限的、不大的（gain is modest 获益有限）

📖 阅读短文（约 149 词）

A one-off optogenetictherapy, paired with special camera goggles, has given limited sight to some people born with an inherited eye disease. The results, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, offered cautious hope. In the study, ten blind patients were treated. Seven became more sensitive to light, and six cleared a bar the team had set for 'clinically meaningful' gain. Wearing the goggles, some could locate a doorway or follow a line. Brain recordings showed signals reaching the visual areas. The therapy works by adding a light-sensitive protein — borrowed from algae — to certain eye cells. A tiny camera captures the scene, and the goggles project patterned light onto the treated eye. The protein then reacts, sending signals down the optic nerve. Researchers stress the gain is modest and not a cure. Still, for people who had lived in darkness, even faint light is a beginning.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How many patients showed a clinically meaningful gain?

A. All ten patients fully regained their normal sight　B. Only three of the ten patients felt even the smallest change during the study　C. Six of the ten cleared the team's set bar　D. None of the patients responded to the therapy at all

词义猜测 2. The word 'modest' in the last paragraph most probably means ____.

A. Very large and beyond all expectations　B. A complete and final medical cure　C. Dangerous and likely to cause harm　D. Limited and not very great in amount

推理判断 3. What can we infer about the therapy's light-sensitive protein?

A. It comes from algae and helps eye cells react to light　B. It was invented by the patients themselves at home　C. It works by replacing the whole human eye with a camera　D. It makes blind people see perfectly in full colour

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why algae are by far the most important plants living in the ocean today　B. A new therapy that restores limited sight to some blind people　C. How to design fashionable goggles for daily wear　D. The long history of the New England Journal of Medicine

议论文Passage 6 · 管住 AI，还是放开 AI？欧盟法案的两难

Regulate AI or set it free? The EU's law walks a line · 基于欧盟《人工智能法案》（AI Act）执法进展（2026 年 10 月对 OpenAI、Anthropic 启动调查；要求聊天机器人标识 AI 内容）及欧盟“人工智能大陆”战略评论（经济日报 2026-10-17）编写 · 欧盟 / 科技治理与产业政策 · 人与社会

📌 导读：欧盟的《人工智能法案》是全球首部综合性 AI 法律，如今已进入执法阶段。10 月，欧盟对两家领先 AI 实验室的安全事故启动调查，并要求聊天机器人标识 AI 生成内容。支持者认为清晰规则能建立信任、保护公众免受伤害；批评者则警告严规可能拖慢创新——小初创抱怨合规文书挤占了本该投入工程师的资金，也有人担心欧洲会落在监管更轻的美国与中国之后。法案的辩护者反驳说，“可信 AI”本身就是竞争力，几年的调整好过“逐底竞争”，并提示欧盟已推迟部分严规以减轻负担。争论的本质并非要不要停止 AI，而是如何引导它：做得好，监管既能护人，也不熄灭发明的火花。

🔤 生词表：comprehensive 综合的、全面的（comprehensive AI law 综合性 AI 法律）　enforced 被执行的、强制实施的（now being enforced 正被执行）　investigations 调查（opened investigations 启动调查）　compliance 合规、遵从（compliance paperwork 合规文书）　trustworthy 可信的（trustworthy AI 可信 AI）　oversight 监管、监督（oversight is lighter 监管更轻）　competitive 有竞争力的（competitive edge 竞争优势）　defenders 辩护者、支持者（law's defenders 法案的辩护者）

📖 阅读短文（约 151 词）

The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act, the world's first comprehensive AI law, is now being enforced. In October, the EU opened investigations into two leading AI labs over safety failures, and it began requiring chatbots to label AI-made content. Supporters say clear rules build trust and protect the public from harm. Yet critics warn the rules may slow innovation. Small startups say the compliance paperwork drains money that should go to engineers. Some argue Europe risks falling behind the United States and China, where oversight is lighter. The law's defenders reply that 'trustworthy AI' is itself a competitive edge, and that a few years of adjustment beat a race to the bottom. They note the EU has delayed some strict rules to ease the burden. The debate is not really about stopping AI, but about how to guide it. Done well, regulation can protect people without killing the spark of invention.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can we infer about the EU's approach to AI?

A. It plans to ban all AI systems across Europe by next year　B. It believes that much lighter oversight would clearly work better than any strict rules　C. It has decided that innovation matters more than safety　D. It is trying to balance public safety with room for innovation

观点态度 2. What is the supporters' attitude toward the AI Act?

A. Supportive, seeing it as building trust and protecting the public　B. Strongly opposed, calling it a waste of public money　C. Uninterested, believing it will soon be cancelled　D. Doubtful, thinking it cannot really be enforced

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How the EU's AI law builds trust and protects the public from harm　B. The debate over how to regulate AI without harming innovation　C. Why Europe's lighter oversight makes it fall behind the US and China　D. How the law's defenders ease the burden of strict rules

细节理解 4. According to the passage, what did the EU require chatbots to do?

A. Require chatbots to remove all AI-made content from the internet　B. Stop chatbots from using any AI-made content at all　C. Label content that is made or changed by AI　D. Stop requiring chatbots to label any AI-made content

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 城市自然节暨科学博物馆开放日通告

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「the Riverside Science Museum will host a free Nature Festival and Open Day on 25 October, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.」可知活动于 10 月 25 日 10 至 17 点在 Riverside 科学博物馆举行，故选 A。B 说每周末在远郊公园（把 25 日单日偷换成每周末，偷换概念）、C 把在线预约截止日 24 日说成活动日（条件偷换）、D 说成整个十月每日开放（时态阶段混淆），均不符原文。

定位：the Riverside Science Museum will host a free Nature Festival and Open Day on 25 October, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

2. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「children under 10 must be with an adult」可知十岁以下儿童须由成人全程陪同，故选 C。A 须购付费导览（原文为免费开放、在线预约，偷换概念）、B 自带网兜与采集瓶（原文明文禁止携带，张冠李戴）、D 可独自前往（把须陪同的条件反说为可独自，条件偷换），均不符。

定位：children under 10 must be with an adult

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。通告发布免费自然节与开放日信息、列明活动亮点与参与方式，意在邀请公众参与自然与科学活动，故选 B。A 只是文中顺带提及的交通信息（答非所问）、C 把科普活动偷换成污染警告（偷换概念）、D 报道新物种（虽有 insect 一词，但内容属无中生有），均非通告目的。

定位：the Riverside Science Museum will host a free Nature Festival and Open Day

Passage 2 · 一条河的重生：一名高中生的三年守望

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「He borrowed a test kit and began measuring the water each Saturday」可知利亚姆最先借来检测工具、每周六测水，故选 D。A 熟视无睹是多数同学的做法（张冠李戴，安到利亚姆头上）、B 与 C 都是后来才做的事（时态阶段混淆，把后期动作说成最先），均不符。

定位：He borrowed a test kit and began measuring the water each Saturday

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。后文以「a river doesn't heal in a day, but someone has to start」及「still meets each weekend」呼应 stubborn，指利亚姆意志坚定、不肯轻言放弃，故选 A。B 倦怠想放弃、C 沉默寡言、D 年幼无经验均与文意相反或不符。

定位：one stubborn teenager can help a place breathe again

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。原文结尾利亚姆说这项工作教会他耐心与关爱，且小组三年仍每周相聚，可推知他通过长期坚持学会了耐心与关怀，故选 B。A 轻易放弃（把坚持偷换成放弃，偷换概念）、C 拒绝一切帮助（与原文接受师生帮助相反，张冠李戴）、D 被老师强制惩罚（把老师“帮读数据”说成强迫，张冠李戴），均与原文不符。

定位：the work taught him patience and care

4. 答案：C　主旨大意题。故事讲述利亚姆三年坚持监测、清理并修复家乡小河，结尾点明「一个执拗的少年也能让一处地方重新呼吸」，核心是一名少年的坚持促成河流复苏，故选 C。A 检测工具用法（答非所问）、B 多数同学漠视（答非所问，偏离主旨）、D 蛙类再没回来（前半句“蛙离开”出自原文，后半句“再没回来”篡改，部分真实关键篡改），均非主旨。

定位：proof that one stubborn teenager can help a place breathe again

Passage 3 · 灰烬中重生：哈勃破解一颗“凤凰行星”之谜

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「it appears to have formed after its star died, born from the leftover gas and dust」可知这颗“凤凰行星”似乎在宿主恒星死亡后才形成，故选 A。B 说成银河系首颗（把“多数恒星将如此”扩大为“首颗”，扩大范围）、C 说只用地面望远镜发现（原文用哈勃与韦布太空望远镜，偷换概念）、D 说绕年轻亮星（原文是已燃尽白矮星，偷换概念），均不符。

定位：it appears to have formed after its star died, born from the leftover gas and dust

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。前文称这颗行星似乎在恒星死后才形成、如从灰烬中重生，后文用 peculiar 形容其反常，可知意为「奇特、不寻常」，故选 B。A 常见（偷换概念，把“奇特”说成“常见”）、C 虚假捏造（偷换概念）、D 太小不可观测（偷换概念），均不符文意。

定位：The planet is peculiar because it appears to have formed after its star died

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「Most stars, including our Sun, will one day become such remnants」与「more than 95% of the stars ... will meet the same fate」可推知包括太阳在内的许多恒星终将留下残骸，故选 C。A 太阳必免（把“将变成”偷换成“必免”，偷换概念）、B 已证实普遍（把“待确认”说成“已证实”，时态阶段混淆）、D 已完成确认（把“确认需数年”偷换成“几周即完成”，时态阶段混淆），均不符。

定位：more than 95% of the stars in our galaxy will meet the same fate

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文围绕哈勃破解旧谜、发现一颗似在恒星死后重生的“凤凰行星”展开，故选 D。A 造望远镜（答非所问）、B 恒星将爆炸（原文是燃尽变白矮星残骸，非爆炸，偷换概念）、C 天文学家日常（答非所问），均偏离主旨。

定位：a 'second-generation' planet — nicknamed a phoenix planet — orbiting a white dwarf

Passage 4 · 不只数物种：用“生态完整性”衡量保护是否有效

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「success was measured by counting protected areas or species」可知以往常以保护区面积或物种数量衡量成效，故选 B。A 只看地图面积（答非所问，且报告恰恰批评“地图上有公园”）、C 看森林是否从扰动恢复（答非所问，这是新标准的效果而非旧衡量法）、D 看是否保有本土生物与过程（偷换概念，把新标准安到旧衡量法上），均不符。

定位：success was measured by counting protected areas or species

2. 答案：C　词义猜测题。由「keeps its native plants and animals, natural structure and normal processes largely intact, and can recover」可知高生态完整性指生态系统仍保有本土生物与自然过程且能恢复，故选 C。A 已毁（偷换概念，把“完好”说成“已毁”）、B 仅纸面保护（偷换概念，把“实际完好”说成“仅纸面”）、D 靠卖资源赚钱（偷换概念，把“自然过程”说成“卖资源牟利”），均不符。

定位：keeps its native plants and animals, natural structure and normal processes largely intact

3. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「Indigenous and local stewardship ... often keeps integrity high」可知原住民与地方的长期管护常能维持高完整性，故选 D。A 是退化原因（偷换概念，把“维持”说成“导致退化”）、B 破坏本土生物（偷换概念）、C 降低完整性（偷换概念，把“维持高”说成“降低”），均与原文相反。

定位：Indigenous and local stewardship, they add, often keeps integrity high

4. 答案：A　主旨大意题。文章介绍 IUCN 在 COP17 发布的新报告，提出以“生态完整性”作为衡量保护是否真正有效的更清晰标准，故选 A。B 大会历史（答非所问）、C 生态旅游最佳（偷换概念，把“完整性标准”说成“生态旅游”）、D 数物种方法（偷换概念，把“新标准”说成“旧的数物种法”），均偏离主旨。

定位：integrity offers a clearer test of whether conservation truly works

Passage 5 · 借一束光：让部分盲人重见轮廓的新疗法

1. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「six cleared a bar the team had set for 'clinically meaningful' gain」可知十人中六人达到团队设定的“临床有意义”标准，故选 C。A 全部复明（原文为有限视力、非治愈，程度失当）、B 仅三人（把六人偷换成三人，数字错位）、D 无人响应（偷换概念）均与原文不符。

定位：and six cleared a bar the team had set for 'clinically meaningful' gain

2. 答案：D　词义猜测题。前文强调疗效“有限（limited sight）”“并非治愈”，末句“gain is modest”与之呼应，指获益有限、不大，故选 D。A 极大（偷换概念）、B 彻底治愈（偷换概念）、C 危险有害（偷换概念），均与文意相反。

定位：the gain is modest and not a cure

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「adding a light-sensitive protein — borrowed from algae — to certain eye cells ... The protein then reacts, sending signals」可知该蛋白取自藻类、能帮助眼细胞对光作出反应，故选 A。B 患者自创（张冠李戴，把研究者的工作安到患者头上）、C 用相机替换整眼（偷换概念）、D 完美全彩视觉（把“有限/微弱”说成“完美全彩”，程度失当），均与原文相反或不符。

定位：adding a light-sensitive protein — borrowed from algae — to certain eye cells

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。文章介绍一种结合光遗传疗法与摄像眼镜、为部分盲人恢复有限视力的新疗法，故选 B。A 藻类重要性（答非所问，藻类只是疗法一环）、C 设计时尚眼镜（答非所问）、D 期刊历史（答非所问），均偏离主旨。

定位：A one-off optogenetic therapy, paired with special camera goggles, has given limited sight to some people

Passage 6 · 管住 AI，还是放开 AI？欧盟法案的两难

1. 答案：D　推理判断题。文章既写欧盟以执法保护公众（调查安全事件、要求标识），又引述其推迟部分严规以减轻负担、称监管可“不扼杀发明火花”，可推知其试图在公共安全与创新空间之间求平衡，故选 D。A 全面禁止（把“监管”偷换成“全面禁止”）、B 认为宽松更好（张冠李戴，把批评者观点安到欧盟头上）、C 创新重于安全（偷换概念，把“兼顾”说成“创新重于安全”），均与原文不符。

定位：regulation can protect people without killing the spark of invention

2. 答案：A　观点态度题。由「Supporters say clear rules build trust and protect the public from harm」可知支持者认为清晰规则能建立信任、保护公众，态度是支持的，故选 A。B 强烈反对（张冠李戴，把批评者立场安到支持者）、C 漠不关心（偷换概念，把“支持”说成“漠然”）、D 怀疑无法执行（偷换概念，把“支持”说成“怀疑”），均与“支持者”立场相反。

定位：Supporters say clear rules build trust and protect the public from harm

3. 答案：B　主旨大意题。文章围绕欧盟《人工智能法案》展开，呈现“保护公众”与“恐拖累创新”两方立场，结尾点明争论本质是“如何引导 AI”，故选 B。A 只讲支持者观点（答非所问，偏离全文“争论”主旨）、C 只讲批评者担忧（答非所问）、D 只讲辩护者缓和负担（答非所问），均非主旨。

定位：The debate is not really about stopping AI, but about how to guide it

4. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「requiring chatbots to label AI-made content」可知欧盟要求聊天机器人标识 AI 生成的内容，故选 C。A 删除全部 AI 内容（把“标识”偷换成“删除”，偷换概念）、B 禁止任何 AI 内容（把“要求标识”偷换成“禁止内容”，偷换概念）、D 停止要求标识（把“要求标识”反说成“停止要求”，偷换概念），原文均未提及。

定位：it began requiring chatbots to label AI-made content